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1. Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, K, Piirtola, M, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Honda, C, Inui, F, Tomizawa, R, Watanabe, M, Sakai, N, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Sung, J, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Tyler, J, Hopper, JL, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Rebato, E, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Tan, Q, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Boomsma, D, Sorensen, TIA, Korhonen, T, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Piirtola, M, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Honda, C, Inui, F, Tomizawa, R, Watanabe, M, Sakai, N, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Sung, J, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Tyler, J, Hopper, JL, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Rebato, E, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Tan, Q, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Boomsma, D, Sorensen, TIA, Korhonen, T, and Kaprio, J

Abstract

We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.

Published
2022

2. Efficacy of a digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in people with low back pain: a feasibility randomized co-twin and singleton-controlled trial

Author

Ho, KKN, Simic, M, Pinheiro, MB, Miller, CB, Ferreira, ML, Grunstein, RR, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Ferreira, PH, Ho, KKN, Simic, M, Pinheiro, MB, Miller, CB, Ferreira, ML, Grunstein, RR, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, and Ferreira, PH

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) in people with low back pain (LBP) may be efficacious in improving both sleep and pain; and twin trial designs provide greater precision of treatment effects by accounting for genetic and early environmental factors. We aimed to determine the feasibility of a trial investigating the efficacy of a digital CBT-i program in people with comorbid symptoms of insomnia and LBP, in twins and people from the general community (singletons). METHODS: Thirty-two twins (16 pairs) and 66 singletons with comorbid symptoms of insomnia and LBP (> 6 weeks duration) were randomized to digital CBT-i (intervention) or educational program (control) for 6 weeks. The digital CBT-I, Sleepio (developed by Big Health Inc.), was an online interactive, automated, personalized course comprising of six sessions, once a week. The education program was six emails with general sleep information, once a week. Participants were blinded to their group allocation and offered the alternative intervention at the completion of the study. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment and follow-up rates, data collection and outcome measure completion, contamination (communication about trial interventions), acceptability (adherence), credibility, and participants' experience of the intervention. RESULTS: Sixteen out of 722 contacted twin pairs were recruited (recruitment rate = 2.2%). Twins were recruited between September 2015 and August 2018 (35 months) and singletons between October 2017 and Aug 2018 (10 months). Follow-up rates for post-intervention and 3-month follow-up were 81% and 72% for twins and 82% and 78% for singletons respectively. Adherence rates (percentage of sessions completed out of six) for the digital CBT-i were 63% for twins and 55% for singletons. Contamination (speaking about the study to each other) was present in two twin pairs (13%). Written or verbal feedback (n = 21) regarding the digital CBT-i intervention from p

Published
2022

4. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Latvala, A, Honda, C, Inui, F, Tomizawa, R, Watanabe, M, Sakai, N, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tyler, J, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, VC, Ferreira, PH, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Kandler, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Park, HA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Sung, J, Yokoyama, Y, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, D, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Latvala, A, Honda, C, Inui, F, Tomizawa, R, Watanabe, M, Sakai, N, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tyler, J, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, VC, Ferreira, PH, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Kandler, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Park, HA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Sung, J, Yokoyama, Y, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, D, and Kaprio, J

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural-geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41-0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30-0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900-1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41-0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950-1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36-0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29-0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32-0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

5. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author

Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Bogl, LH, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Hjelmborg, JVB, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Latvala, A, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, VC, Ferreira, PH, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Kandler, C, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Saudino, KJ, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Jeong, H-U, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, He, M, Ding, X, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl Aslan, AK, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Jang, KL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Ooki, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Sung, J, Park, HA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, Van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tomizawa, R, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Sakai, N, Hur, Y-M, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Bogl, LH, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Hjelmborg, JVB, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Latvala, A, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, VC, Ferreira, PH, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Kandler, C, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Saudino, KJ, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Jeong, H-U, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, He, M, Ding, X, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl Aslan, AK, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Jang, KL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Ooki, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Sung, J, Park, HA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, Van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tomizawa, R, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Sakai, N, Hur, Y-M, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, and Kaprio, J

Abstract

The COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) project is a large international collaborative effort to analyze individual-level phenotype data from twins in multiple cohorts from different environments. The main objective is to study factors that modify genetic and environmental variation of height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and size at birth, and additionally to address other research questions such as long-term consequences of birth size. The project started in 2013 and is open to all twin projects in the world having height and weight measures on twins with information on zygosity. Thus far, 54 twin projects from 24 countries have provided individual-level data. The CODATwins database includes 489,981 twin individuals (228,635 complete twin pairs). Since many twin cohorts have collected longitudinal data, there is a total of 1,049,785 height and weight observations. For many cohorts, we also have information on birth weight and length, own smoking behavior and own or parental education. We found that the heritability estimates of height and BMI systematically changed from infancy to old age. Remarkably, only minor differences in the heritability estimates were found across cultural-geographic regions, measurement time and birth cohort for height and BMI. In addition to genetic epidemiological studies, we looked at associations of height and BMI with education, birth weight and smoking status. Within-family analyses examined differences within same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins in birth size and later development. The CODATwins project demonstrates the feasibility and value of international collaboration to address gene-by-exposure interactions that require large sample sizes and address the effects of different exposures across time, geographical regions and socioeconomic status.

Published
2019

7. Association of current and former smoking with body mass index: A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts

Author

Remuzzi, G, Piirtola, M, Jelenkovic, A, Latvala, A, Sund, R, Honda, C, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Tomizawa, R, Iwatani, Y, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Martin, NG, Montgomery, GW, Medland, SE, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Busjahn, A, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Boomsma, D, Sorensen, TIA, Korhonen, T, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Remuzzi, G, Piirtola, M, Jelenkovic, A, Latvala, A, Sund, R, Honda, C, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Tomizawa, R, Iwatani, Y, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Martin, NG, Montgomery, GW, Medland, SE, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Busjahn, A, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Boomsma, D, Sorensen, TIA, Korhonen, T, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m2 higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m2 higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ co-twins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m2.

Published
2018

8. Association between birthweight and later body mass index: an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Pietilainen, KH, Hur, Y-M, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Ooki, S, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Heikkila, K, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, LTarnoki, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Harris, JR, Brandt, L, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Pietilainen, KH, Hur, Y-M, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Ooki, S, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Heikkila, K, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, LTarnoki, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Harris, JR, Brandt, L, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that birthweight is positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birthweight and BMI from infancy to adulthood within twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. METHODS: This study is based on the data from 27 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 78 642 twin individuals (20 635 monozygotic and 18 686 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs) with information on birthweight and a total of 214 930 BMI measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 49 years. The association between birthweight and BMI was analysed at both the individual and within-pair levels using linear regression analyses. RESULTS: At the individual level, a 1-kg increase in birthweight was linearly associated with up to 0.9 kg/m2 higher BMI (P < 0.001). Within twin pairs, regression coefficients were generally greater (up to 1.2 kg/m2 per kg birthweight, P < 0.001) than those from the individual-level analyses. Intra-pair associations between birthweight and later BMI were similar in both zygosity groups and sexes and were lower in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that environmental factors unique to each individual have an important role in the positive association between birthweight and later BMI, at least until young adulthood.

Published
2017

9. Does the sex of one's co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, LH, Jelenkovic, A, Vuoksimaa, E, Ahrenfeldt, L, Pietilainen, KH, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Hur, Y-M, Jeong, H-U, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Cutler, TL, Kandler, C, Jang, KL, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Pang, Z, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Hjelmborg, JVB, Rebato, E, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Busjahn, A, Lichtenstein, P, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Yokoyama, Y, Hopper, JL, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J, Bogl, LH, Jelenkovic, A, Vuoksimaa, E, Ahrenfeldt, L, Pietilainen, KH, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Hur, Y-M, Jeong, H-U, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Cutler, TL, Kandler, C, Jang, KL, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Pang, Z, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Hjelmborg, JVB, Rebato, E, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Busjahn, A, Lichtenstein, P, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Yokoyama, Y, Hopper, JL, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Silventoinen, K, and Kaprio, J

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. METHODS: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. RESULTS: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

10. Is Chronic Low Back Pain Associated with the Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease when Genetic Susceptibility Is Considered? A Co-Twin Control Study of Spanish Twins

Author

Lucia, A, Fernandez, M, Ordonana, JR, Hartvigsen, J, Ferreira, ML, Refshauge, KM, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Pinheiro, MB, Simpson, SJ, Hopper, JL, Ferreira, PH, Lucia, A, Fernandez, M, Ordonana, JR, Hartvigsen, J, Ferreira, ML, Refshauge, KM, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Pinheiro, MB, Simpson, SJ, Hopper, JL, and Ferreira, PH

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chronic low back pain and coronary heart disease relationship, after adjusting for relevant confounders, including genetics. METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, 2148 twins were recruited from the Murcia Twin Registry, Spain. The exposure was chronic LBP and the outcomes were myocardial infarction and other coronary heart diseases-lifetime and in the last 2 years-based on standardized health-related questionnaires. First, logistic regression analysis investigated associations of the total sample followed by a matched co-twin control analyses, with all complete twin pairs discordant for chronic LBP utilised, separated for zygosity-dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) pairs, which adjusted for shared familial factors, including genetics. RESULTS: Chronic LBP pain is associated with lifetime myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) = 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35-5.36], other coronary heart diseases over a lifetime (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.69-3.93) and in the last two years (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.33-3.60), while there was a borderline association with myocardial infarction in the last 2 years (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 0.98-7.12). Although the magnitude of the association remained or increased in the co-twin control analyses, none reached statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Chronic LBP is associated with a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. It is possible that this association remains even when controlling for genetics and early shared environment, although this should be investigated with larger samples of twins discordant for LBP.

Published
2016

11. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

Jelenkovic, A, Hur, Y-M, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Aaltonen, S, Heikkila, K, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Rebato, E, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Sun, J, Song, Y-M, Yang, S, Lee, K, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Busjahn, A, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Kandler, C, Jang, KL, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Jeong, H-U, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl-Aslan, AK, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Tynelius, P, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Lichtenstein, P, Spector, TD, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Willemsen, G, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Corley, RP, Hjelmborg, JVB, Goldberg, JH, Iwatani, Y, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Inui, F, Rasmussen, F, Huibregtse, BM, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Hur, Y-M, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Aaltonen, S, Heikkila, K, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Rebato, E, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Sun, J, Song, Y-M, Yang, S, Lee, K, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Busjahn, A, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Kandler, C, Jang, KL, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Jeong, H-U, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl-Aslan, AK, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Tynelius, P, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Lichtenstein, P, Spector, TD, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Willemsen, G, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Corley, RP, Hjelmborg, JVB, Goldberg, JH, Iwatani, Y, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Inui, F, Rasmussen, F, Huibregtse, BM, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886-1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.

Published
2016

12. Twin's Birth-Order Differences in Height and Body Mass Index From Birth to Old Age: A Pooled Study of 26 Twin Cohorts Participating in the CODATwins Project

Author

Yokoyama, Y, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Sung, J, Hopper, JL, Ooki, S, Heikkila, K, Aaltonen, S, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Saudino, KJ, Cutler, TL, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Song, Y-M, Yang, S, Lee, K, Jeong, H-U, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanhez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Tynelius, P, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Rebato, E, Rose, RJ, Goldberg, JH, Rasmussen, F, Hur, Y-M, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Yokoyama, Y, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Sung, J, Hopper, JL, Ooki, S, Heikkila, K, Aaltonen, S, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Saudino, KJ, Cutler, TL, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Song, Y-M, Yang, S, Lee, K, Jeong, H-U, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanhez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Tynelius, P, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Rebato, E, Rose, RJ, Goldberg, JH, Rasmussen, F, Hur, Y-M, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

We analyzed birth order differences in means and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from infancy to old age. The data were derived from the international CODATwins database. The total number of height and BMI measures from 0.5 to 79.5 years of age was 397,466. As expected, first-born twins had greater birth weight than second-born twins. With respect to height, first-born twins were slightly taller than second-born twins in childhood. After adjusting the results for birth weight, the birth order differences decreased and were no longer statistically significant. First-born twins had greater BMI than the second-born twins over childhood and adolescence. After adjusting the results for birth weight, birth order was still associated with BMI until 12 years of age. No interaction effect between birth order and zygosity was found. Only limited evidence was found that birth order influenced variances of height or BMI. The results were similar among boys and girls and also in MZ and DZ twins. Overall, the differences in height and BMI between first- and second-born twins were modest even in early childhood, while adjustment for birth weight reduced the birth order differences but did not remove them for BMI.

Published
2016

13. HIV infection among people of foreign origin voluntarily tested in Spain. A comparison with national subjects

Author

Palacio, V., Cuesta, Mm, Silva, D., Varela, Ja, Lopez, C., Vall, M., Arellano, E., Saladie, P., Sanz, B., Escriba, Jm, Amengol, P., Villena, Mj, Camara, Mm, Munain, Jl, Larranaga, G., Tellaetxe, A., Oiarzabal, Mj, Urena, Jm, Egea, Jb, Martin, Ja, Dominguez, A., Garcia, C., Sutil, A., Lorente, M., Menoyo, C., Lorenzo, Jm, Lezaun, Me, Ramalle, E., Perucha, M., Lopez, Mj, Bru, Fj, Colomo, C., Martin, R., Del Romero, J., Rodriguez, C., Ballesteros, J., Clavo, P., Garcia, S., Neila, Ma, Quintana, A., Del Corral, S., Aguanell, Mv, Montiel, F., Burgos, Am, Ordonana, Jr, Gutierrez, Jj, Ballester, J., Balaguer, J., Landa, Mc, Sanchez-Valverde, P., Yague, H., Huarte, I., Gartambide, A., Benito, J., Vaquero, E., Vares, J., Fernandez-Oruna, C., Valencia, D., Pelayo, T., Pueyo, I., Mendo, Ma, Torrego, Cp, Armas, C., Garcia-Ramos, E., Gutierrez, Ma, Rodriguez-Franco, J., Nunez, D., Ortueta, J., Vicuna, Lms, Sobrino, P., julia del amo, Castilla, J., and Epi-Vih, Study Grp

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