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In the ongoing project of recovering and (re)integrating early modern European women philosophers, scholars have been re-examining not only who counts as a philosopher, but what kinds of works are properly understood as philosophical. Madeleine de Scudéry is best remembered as a novelist, but some scholars have argued that her dialogues are richly philosophical. Here, I examine an early and overlooked text from Scudéry – Illustrious Women – which is a collection of speeches of historical women who find themselves in dire circumstances. I argue that Illustrious Women offers a sophisticated critique of patriarchal power: Scudéry exposes the conflict between epistemic and practical agency under conditions of gendered oppression and illustrates specific manifestations of this harm concerning control, autonomy, and consent. In so doing, particularly through the genre of oratory, Scudéry’s Illustrious Women is both a work of seventeenth-century feminist resistance and a subversive educational tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the use of critical questions (CQs) as an 'explicit' pedagogical method in the nature of science to teach Chinese high school students topics of philosophy of science (POS). The study results, evaluated through deductive thematic and qualitative comparative analyses using Toulmin's argumentation patterns and a critical integrative argumentation model, revealed that students who participated in the POS course showed significant improvement in understanding and application of argumentation by asking CQs as suggested by instructors. This finding strongly supports the use of CQs for rebuttals in argumentation based on crisp qualitative comparative analysis. The study results have broad implications for how CQs can promote engagement in high school argumentation. The study conclusions highlight the limitations of oral questioning in classroom argumentation. Finally, the study discusses how POS can improve students' classroom argumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to investigate the relation between Vittorio Alfieri's Panegirico di Plinio a Trajano, written by the author in Pisa in 1785, and its Latin model, the speech read by Plinio il Giovane to Traiano in the Senate in the year 100 AD. The study of Alfieri's work has proven interesting from several points of view, primarily because of the author's overturning of the oratorio genre: the work, in fact, has been called by scholars an «antipanegirico», a «panegirico capovolto». Alfieri replaces the original glorification of the optimus princeps with a political proposal, dispensing with the encomiastic aspect that characterizes Plinio’s panegyric in order to emphasize his authorial voice. Indeed, the praises of Traiano in the text are reduced and relegated to a marginal role, while Plinio-Alfieri’s speech assumes an exhortatory and moral function.

Jacob D. Green's speaking career in England (1863-66) is an exploration of how an independent, self-financed Black speaker became a networked abolitionist building on the achievements of other expatriate African American activists like Moses Roper and James Watkins. Born enslaved in Maryland, Green made serial escapes from enslavement in Kentucky and elsewhere in the United States, sojourning in Toronto before arriving in Lancashire at about age forty-eight with evidently few funds. Green appealed to cotton and woollen mill town residents to oppose enslavement and the Confederate States of America from where most of North-West England's cotton originated. He initially lectured under the sponsorship of nonconformist ministers in Yorkshire and built a network that included ministers in the United Methodist Free Church, Congregational Union, capitalists, and tradespeople. Nonconformist sponsorship led to an 1864 move to Heckmondwike in the centre of his lecture circuit. He connected with those who sponsored other Black abolitionists, burgeoning his network by speaking in West Yorkshire towns and cities that had hosted African American orators before. As a networked abolitionist, he earned income from speaking and publishing an autobiography and may have died in England in 1866. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the argumentative character of the eulogy, a speech that is part of a funeral ritual and serves to console the community of the bereaved. It aims to contribute to the understanding of eulogy as a specific argumentative practice by identifying the argumentative patterns that occur in it. A pragma-dialectical approach to the study of argumentation is used, allowing for the description of prototypical (theoretically expected) and stereotypical (frequent in use) argumentative patterns. To probe the empirical plausibility of the argumentative character of eulogy, the research is limited to a type of secular eulogy that was historically established in Czechoslovakia during the communist period (1948–1989). This type is chosen here for pragmatic reasons (easy access to data and researcher's familiarity with the language of the data). It is shown that in secular eulogy, arguments in favour of reconciliation with death and honouring the deceased are typically presented. Prototypical and stereotypical patterns are examined with concern for the structure of these arguments, and the argumentative and content analysis is extended by identification of specific propositional content of sub-arguments. It is also proposed examining the variability of argumentative patterns with respect to the type of the deceased (male/female, short/long life experience, significant/insignificant social status). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is oration literature? More specifically, can we read the multi-functional Arabic oration (khuṭbah) of the 1st/7th and 2nd/8th centuries as part of the classical prose canon? In this article, I argue that if our definition of literature includes beautiful language, admiration expressed by literary theorists, and masterful articulation of themes to evoke audience response, early Arabic oration is most certainly literature. I demonstrate this claim by analyzing the rhythmic and graphic oral aesthetics of early Arabic oration, the views of medieval theorists regarding its distinguished place and literary nature, and its crucial influence on the development of the chancery epistle (risālah), the first written genre of Arabic literary prose. I contend that khuṭbah is the foundational prose genre of Arabic and it has materially influenced the major genres of risālah and maqāmāt that followed. The history of Arabic literature cannot be written without oration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some common Italian sayings are rooted in similar expressions used in the Latin texts: these are mostly lexicalized metaphors originating from the use of conceptual images. This is the case of «sharpening your weapons»: this saying, which has established itself above all on the media and in the language of politics and sport since the 1960s, recalls some military metaphors applied to the context of classical oratory. The study of its origins says a lot about the dynamics of communication established in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores how Nathaniel Hawthorne's narrator in The Scarlet Letter uses a lack of authoritative judgment to counter cynicism and maintain candor. It also discusses Cicero's concept of ideal oratory, the significance of rhythmic eloquence in persuasive speech, and the connection between natural rhythms and effective communication.

The conquest of America brought with it the introduction of rhetoric as a model of teaching and as a practice in the different manifestations of religious discourse, of which the preaching or sermon was the most important for scholars of the colonial era (16th-18th centuries) who, on the other hand, gave little importance to the three political genres: deliberative, epideictic and judicial or forensic, although these had not disappeared as discursive practices. The great classical deliberative oratory had taken a backseat in New Spain but continued to develop in the consistories of the mayoralties and in public debates; the judicial genre continued to be exercised in lawsuits before the Inquisition and local judicial bodies and the epideictic genre was manifested in the lives of saints and praises of various kinds. This situation changed during the 19th century, particularly in the second half, when great parliamentary oratory, civic and patriotic speeches that flooded the republic and judicial oratory flourished because of the new political conditions brought about by the struggle for independence and the triumph of liberalism, in addition to other important genres such as history and journalism. The purpose of this essay is, first, to offer an outline of oratory practices and rhetorical teaching during the Colony, emphasizing the importance of sermons and the oblivion of other discursive expressions and, second, to show the emergence of political genres during the 19th century, which reached their greatest splendor in discursive practices and liberal education.

The speech Philip Melanchthon gave on 29 August 1518 at the University of Wittenberg to initiate his professorship is an impressive piece of humanist idealism. Already its title, De corrigendis adolescentiae studiis (On the reform of the studies for the young) reveals his earnest ambitions in introducing reform. Not incidentally, thus, the speech received a lot of attention immediately after its delivery and enjoyed a remarkable popularity even decades after. The speech marks, however, not only an interesting object of study in terms of its content but also in terms of its generic form. Usually labelled as a declamation, this study will revaluate this generic attribution, for the first time, by arguing that the declamation as an academic genre was only introduced into the German academic landscape after Melanchthon's debut in Wittenberg and that De corrigendis adolescentiae studiis does not convincingly fit the standards of declamatory speech in many other respects. It will be shown that the category more apt for talking about Melanchthon's speech is that of the inaugural oration – a genre yet highly underappreciated in modern research on early modern academic oratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper suggests that Lucretius' Magna Mater interpretation (2.598-660) can fruitfully be approached through the lens of invective oratory. While this difficult passage of De rerum natura has long puzzled scholars, this article argues that in his interpretation Lucretius masterfully transforms the encomiastic topos of allegoresis into a powerful means of blame: the poet allegorically interprets various aspects of the cult of Cybele with a view to showing how religious convictions and customs go awry. When thus exposing the cult as impious, Lucretius ingeniously exploits several topoi of rhetorical hymns (nurture, propitiation, etc.) for the purpose of making his vituperation all the more compelling. Hence, on the reading advocated here, the Magna Mater interpretation is a carefully constructed invective against those aspects of the cult (of Cybele) which an Epicurean is bound to frown upon (providential illusion, divine punishment, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of informing through the media, as well as direct face-to-face communication, is inevitably also a process of persuasion and imposing opinions. This act itself is natural, but experience tells us that rational logical argumentation does not bring an advantage in the exchange of opinions under a strong emotional charge. This phenomenon is not new, as even in ancient Greece the younger sophists failed Protagoras when they replaced the search for truth with the art of persuasion that will make weak claims stronger. Thus, oratory became eristic, the art of arguing with the aim of refuting someone else’s opinion. Skilled polemicists do not look for the truth, but for arguments that support their point of view. The development of technology and media forms have perfected this process and have euphemistically renamed the lie itself as the ‘post-truth’, which is useful and thereby justified. Kant’s observation about poetry as a creative imagination, and rhetoric as an insidious skill that turns people into ‘machinery of persuasion’ is used by the modern media for the creation of informative-entertaining content to achieve commercial and ideological goals. The all-powerful media machines abolish the objective perception of events and lead modern society into a decay that many civilizations have already experienced. Deus ex machina has become an omnipresent Deus ex media that solves nothing, but turns everything into a process of endless entertainment, a spectacle in which reason is enslaved by passions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on instances of spoken communication which qualify commonly as "oratory" and which can be modelled within the socio-semiotic of "spoken and monologic". This includes both "podium oratory", as exemplified by political speeches delivered from a stage to an audience that is physically present, as well as forms of "digital oratory" which have developed via the digital interface, including videos posted to social media. The study proposes to model both types of oratory with respect to a range of multimodal and linguistic resources. The study notably explores spoken and monologic discourse in regard to grammatical intricacy and lexical density, the two types of information packaging which respectively inform prototypical speech and writing. Digital oratory reflects trends associated with the technologisation of discourse, and its underpinnings as socio-semiotic. The discussion also makes the case that systemic functional linguistics (SFL) theory, via its articulation between system and function, provides an ideal lens through which these activities can be modelled, as well as their social role and the symbolic power attached to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The guided tour in tourism is a dynamic, varied and variable form of guided communication between the tour guide and the tourists (tourists), which is planned, developed, delivered and led as a purposeful activity by the tour guide for the oral presentation of a specific object, included in the methodical plan, program and stage in the conduct of the tourist excursion. The guided tour talk is a relatively complete entity, part of the construction of the guided tour process, which is interpreted as a particular written and oral speech in the oratory of the guide. In the present text some methodological features of the development of the introductory tour guide talk conducted during a tourist excursion are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationally, there are calls for students to be able to use their scientific understandings to make informed decisions about the world in which they live. Using a mixed methods case study design, this study investigated the impact of behaviours and strategies used by two early career science teachers who taught argumentation about a water-based socioscientific issues (SSI) to their Year 7 students. Students' argument quality, measured using Toulmin's argument structure, improved significantly from pre- to post-instruction (p =.0033). There was also a significant increase (p =.0037) in the number of types of categories. Qualitative data comprising classroom audio-transcripts, field notes, student work samples, teacher interviews and student reflections were analysed using inductive analysis to identify four themes related to teacher behaviours and teaching strategies: (1) developing and maintaining a safe classroom environment; (2) providing clear instructions about the features of quality arguments; (3) providing opportunities for all students to think and work individually and collaboratively; and (4) practising oral and written argument construction with gradual removal of scaffolds. While the findings are not generalisable teacher educators can use their expertise to decide the extent to which the teacher strategies and behaviours would support the development of argumentation skills in their particular context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios de Derecho is the property of Estudios de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Croatica et Slavica Iadertina is the property of University of Zadar, Department of Croatian & Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The place of theatre in the Aeschines-Demosthenes dispute: the diplomatic perspective In all studies on the affinities and intersections, both thematic and performative, between oratory and theatre, the contrasting orations of Aeschines and Demosthenes concerning the embassies to Philip of 346 BC and the mutual accusations about the handling of negotiations hold an essential place. In this set of speeches, which includes – in addition to Aeschines’ Against Timarchus and the two orations On the False Embassy (343) – those of 330 Against Ctesiphon (Aeschines) and On the Crown (Demosthenes), the theatre and its performers are, however, represented ambiguously, if not negatively. This essay aims to highlight how this apparent paradox finds a possible solution by considering the concrete role that Athenian theatre and actors played in the difficult negotiations between Athens and Philip. The diplomatic perspective allows us to shed more light on the motivations that led the two rival orators to use theatre as a weapon to fight each other.

Organizers of public commemorations held in early eighteenth-century New Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession characterized Philip V as a defender of the faith and queen consort Maria Luisa Gabriela de Saboya and crown prince Luis I as agents of providence. An examination of a corpus of sermons given between 1707 and 1710 reveals that orators assured novohispanos that the birth of Luis I of Spain would inaugurate a messianic age, marked by fecundity and prosperity. The queen, moreover, put the rebirth of the empire in motion before her death. As various orators suggested, her role in bringing about a sort of «Bourbon millennium» had been foretold in the Book of Revelation. In cities throughout New Spain, orators characterized the queen as the fecund vehicle of God’s providence, or the Woman of the Apocalypse, a figure associated with the Immaculate Conception. As the mother of Spain’s messiah, the queen assured the prosperous future of the empire.

Review of: Lāuga: Understanding Samoan Oratory, Sadat Muaiava (2022) Wellington: Te Papa Press, 336 pp., ISBN 978 0 99513 844 5 (hbk), NZ$45 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being the largest group in the Salesian Family, with 100,000 affiliated members worldwide, the Past Pupils of Don Bosco Movement has to date lacked a biography of their charismatic founder, the Turin-born Carlo Gastini (1833–1902), the 120th anniversary of whose death was commemorated in 2022. A family man, bookbinder and teacher, as well as occasional poet and actor, he was the first boarder at the Oratory of Saint Francis de Sales. Little was known about him, beyond three specific anecdotes. However, from 1847 to 1902, he was linked to Valdocco as a pupil (first as a day pupil and then as a boarder), seminarian, parishioner, worker and entertainer. His life was parallel to that of Don Bosco himself, who was a second father to him, and to the development of his own congregation, the Salesian Family and even Italy as a nation. The culmination of his gratitude since 1849 was the charismatic foundation, in 1870, of the Past Pupils of Don Bosco Movement, which celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2020. Its basis was simple: create an instrument of mutual help among his former colleagues, just as Don Bosco had taught them to do when they were students at the Oratory. Creating a cohesive group centred on values ​​is a proposal for facing difficulties together. In Spain, the Movement found one of its deepest-rooted abodes.

The article explores abolitionist, Frederick Douglass's oratory skills, particularly focusing on his use of the word "scrivener" in a speech discussing the antislavery Constitution. It reflects on Douglass's unique linguistic abilities, examining the significance of the chosen term and its implications for understanding Douglass as a textualist. It emphasizes the role of historical context and political considerations in shaping historical narratives.

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses various topics within the issue, including French and Francophone studies, education research, and the humanities job market.

Argumentation is a type of discourse in which a speaker defends a claim in a discussion. The present work focuses on the argumentative complexity and the evaluative and evidential resources that characterize the disputes of children of different socioeconomic levels. We analyzed 94 disputes between 4-year-old children and other children (5 to 10 years old) in situations of spontaneous play registered in homes of middle and low socioeconomic status (SES). The analysis identified marginal differences in argumentative complexity between the groups. On the other hand, significant differences were found in evaluative expressions of emotion and in deontic and exclamatory evidential markers, more frequently used by the low SES group. The mid SES group tends to use a higher number of expressions of causality and connectors. The results are discussed with reference to the findings of previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political figures engage rhetoric and exalted speech to excite the imagination, stir up the emotions, and prompt their listeners to embrace and act on an ideological perspective. However, there is more to excellent public oratory than eloquence. Rational persuasion is also a key component, emphasizing facts, evidence, and reasoning. Hume acknowledges that rational persuasion alone is not terribly effective in the public arena. His corpus contains many references to eloquence. Dispassionate delivery of evidence does not have the psychological impact of eloquent delivery. What explains the difference? My aim in this paper is to use Hume's theory of belief and "the feeling of conviction" to explain his analysis of effective oratory. Furthermore, I point to the abuses of eloquence in the political arena. Given these abuses, I ask why Hume considers eloquence a virtue. Although eloquence is immediately agreeable to us (one category of virtue for Hume), it can have detrimental, even deadly, consequences. Does this make it vicious in certain cases, since it has disutility, and given that usefulness to the public is another category of virtue for Hume? I suggest that skilled and elegant oratory is pleasing, but such oratory, when used for inhumane ends, could undermine the pleasure of the oratory experience itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explain how teachers can build on children's oral language resources to support writing. Thus, we offer recommendations and specific examples for classroom applications that connect oral language with written expression. Specifically, we provide examples on the transition from phonemic awareness to phonics to word writing to sentence writing, and to oral and written responses that address genre expectations. Specifically, we address sentence rehearsals, sentence expansion, and sentence combining that teachers can model and collaboratively conduct so learners use oral language as a vehicle for written production and communication with readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antislavery and antiracist oratory of Frederick Douglass is a powerful case study of the appropriation and transformation of "the master's tools." Douglass's formative exposure to the classical rhetorical tradition is well known—but just as important are the ways in which he subverted it. He did so by developing a categorically new, hybrid role: the orator-slave. Slavery played an important part in the conceptual apparatus of the Ciceronian rhetoric that Douglass absorbed: it conceived of oratory as a willing, temporary submission to the harms that were commonly associated with slavery. An explanation of the force of Douglass's oratory should begin with his translation of the orator-slave identification from the metaphorical to the literal plane. Drawing on Douglass's self-education in rhetorical discipline and artifice, an account of the symbolic uses of slavery in classical rhetoric, and Douglass's own oratory, I reconstruct his claim to embody classical rhetoric in a uniquely vivid way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the figure of invocation across the philosophical and rhetorical traditions in order better to understand its role in symbolic life. From Augustine to Quintilian, and from Lyotard to Lacan, it argues that a rhetorical notion of invocation must extend itself beyond the mere dimension of the call. Exhuming an overlooked definition from Quintilian’s Institutes of Oratory, it proposes that invocation should be reconceptualized in a way that emphasizes its aversus. The consequence is that an invocatory rhetorical project—indeed, the device itself—insists against the metaphysics of the Other. Invoking Quintilian, it argues for a redefinition on the basis of invocation’s particularity as a figure, its polemic, and its publicity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BRAC: Barcelona, Research, Art, Creation is the property of BRAC: Barcelona, Research, Art, Creation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anachronistic Aspasian specters condense themselves into the uncertain figure of the Ionian foreigner who enchanted and conducted, particularly and, above all, politically, the foremost Athenian citizen, by far the most influential statesman of his time. Who truly was Aspasia of Miletus? Is it possible to craft an image of this mistress of persuasion that is not reduced to the rigid label of Pericles' concubine? Is it possible to escape this side role established by the classic Aspasian doxography? This article presents Aspasia as a sophist by retrieving the memory of her foreigner persuasive strength, the memory of her untamable oratory power and her seductive intellectual acumen. A woman who excelled in producing funeral orations, giving marriage advices and other matters of the, besides discussing relevant political issues in the most famous intellectual circle at the time. Aspasia dared to be a teacher and even to educate other women. Sometimes also serving as a matchmaker for those she educated. The educational space promoted by Aspasia, which likely privileged teaching the oratory and erotic arts, is remembered in a completely heterodox manner. The memory of the place as a polemic brothel gets confused and mixed with that which recalls it as a place of political-philosophical discussions. With the intention of reshaping Aspasia's legacy, highlighting the revolutionary presence of this woman who has creatively infiltrated herself into the history of oratory and claimed her place as a freethinker, I revisit various female images of the antiquity that were associated to the Aspasian political power. Placing Aspasia of Miletus among Omphale, Hera and Helena, among Rodogine, Telesilla, Tomyris and Thargelia. All of them, political lionesses. Whether mythical or real, Greek or foreigners. They have influenced directly and indirectly to the political, oratory, artistic and philosophical history of what is conventionally understood as the ancient world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verbal humor can be part of the discursive strategies of texts that are not classified as humorous, whose function is not simply to make people laugh. This would be the case of the columns on language, considered as expository and argumentative texts, add opinion and metalinguistics. The objective of this work is to discover and analyze the presence of verbal humor in columns on languge diachronically from its beginnings in the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. For this, a corpus has been created with 11 columnists and a total of 530 columns, in which the purpose of using verbal humor in them has been studied, as well as the linguistic procedures that have made it possible (humorous markings and indicators). The result obtained is the consideration of verbal humor as a constituent element of the columns on language in its discursive tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Columns on language are characterised by the fact that they are discourses in which a problem related to language is discussed. They are argumentative texts in which subjectivity and scientific explanation are combined to influence groups of readers with whom they share broad areas of agreement. The aim of this paper is to analyse the topics on which the discourse on language in linguistic columnism is based from its origins to the present day. Based on Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (2015) typology of the places of argumentation quantity, quality, order, and essence a corpus of columns on language is analysed in order to find the argumentative correlates of these topics in the discourse on language. Their continuity over time and their relevance as characterizing elements of the metalinguistic discursive tradition they form will be shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enthymema is the property of Enthymema, International Journal of Literary Criticism, Literary Theory & Philosophy of Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Devotio Moderna movement had a direct impact on the use of private spaces and the objects within them. Domestic religious practices could take place in specially built oratories, but could also be performed in bedrooms, toilets or other nooks and crannies appropriately modified for such purposes. The use of fabrics and ephemeral materials offered multiple possibilities for tailoring different spaces of the house to whatever the requirements might be. We analyse the different types of oratory, in its double meaning of prayer space and portable altarpiece, and the objects that guided the religious experiences of the laity, paying special attention to the role played by texts and images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peculiarities in German history led to the emergence of a "special path" (Sonderweg), which was represented by the rise of Adolf Hitler. Because Hitler's influence was so large, and stretched in technique and approach, it shaped the diversity of interpretations of this phenomenon. The character of Adolf Hitler cannot be understood if we use an isolated reflection on what the demagogue, the mob agitator, and the dictator of the Third Reich meant. This study serves as a guide that provides a vision that brings together the opinions and arguments of specialists and a reflection built from articles and documents on one of the most interesting characters of history, a personality declared by TIME magazine "Man of the Year" in 1938. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (0123-4366) is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departmento de Derecho Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From ancient times, the oratorical art (ars bene dicendi) affirms itself as an essential component of society. Being an instrument for politicians, jurists and more, the ability to communicate became an indispensable aptitude. Naturally, intellectuals gradually started to show interest for this art from a methodological perspective, starting schools of rhetoric and theorizing the knowledge on the subject. Therefore, by evoking the most important figures of oratory and exploring the theory behind this art, we analyzed its development until it reached the form it has in present times, with a particular interest for the judicial component of oratory, the lawyer`s plead.