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The debate around the use of the value chain or supply chain approach has been present for more than a decade in academic and organizational fields, with arguments for and against each of these perspectives. The study supporting the results presented in this paper aims to analyze both approaches and their evolution critically. For this, the authors start from the study of the term logistics as the root of the research, which leads to the subsequent examination of the approaches under analysis. The elements that justify using one or another perspective are presented, and the arguments for why using the value chain approach is considered more successful under current conditions. Finally, it concludes with a conceptualization proposal for the term value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A National Innovation System (NIS) supposes updated, continuous, and collaborative work between different agents, so the value chain approach fits perfectly with this NIS conception. The sector selected to illustrate our proposal is the biotechnological industry because of its structure in technology-based companies and its contributions to de Cuban GDP. This is the first research that works in a proposition of NIS for Cuba. The objective of this paper is to suggest a NIS for Cuba based on the value chain of its biotechnological industry. We follow a benchmarking methodology. First, we analyze nine international NIS experiences from developed and developing countries. Then, we highlight several items to be applied to the Cuban proposed NIS by analyzing five indicators: regulations, technology and innovation policies, financial systems, business activities, and research and education systems. The proposed NIS shows links between funding, production, service, and scientific sectors based on the biotechnological industry. It is considered beneficial for the three most important actors in a nation (companies, government, and society) because it allows a profitable and durable solution for economic and social troubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desde hace algunos años, el empleo del conocimiento y de la tecnología se ha convertido en base fundamental de la generación de riquezas en las naciones, no solo en términos económicos sino también desde el punto de vista social. Los avances en biotecnología, por ejemplo, han permitido el mejoramiento del medio ambiente, de la alimentación, la industria, la acuicultura, de la salud humana, la animal, etc.; siendo los avances más significativos en la rama de la biotecnología que se dedica al estudio de la salud humana, es decir, la biotecnología roja. En Cuba los primeros pasos en este sector se dieron en la década de los 60's del siglo pasado, con la creación de varios centros e institutos de investigaciones financiados totalmente con presupuesto estatal. En la actualidad es un sector consolidado cuyas investigaciones se extienden a lo largo y ancho de toda la isla. Debido a la escasez de recursos monetarios existente en el país en general y en las empresas de la industria biotecnológica en particular, se planteó la necesidad de captar financiamiento para los proyectos de investigación de los científicos de estos centros en el mercado foráneo, siendo la propuesta de esta investigación el empleo específicamente del capital de riesgo. La investigación, luego de realizar una propuesta de modelo de negocio enfocado al capital de riesgo, emplea el lanzamiento del producto CIGB-500 para ejemplificar la misma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to study the poultry value chain in Cuba, starting from a proposal made by the Poultry Management of Ministry of Agriculture. First of all, the basic principles to have in mind for using an approach of value-added chains in poultry sector in Cuba are analyzed, and at the same time, a characterization of the production of hen eggs and chicken meat, having in mind its antecedents and present situation, is made. Both productions are described, making emphasis in their structures and peculiarities. This allows identifying the critical links that slow down the progress of this activity. Actions that allow achieving the production and quality standards that govern poultry farming internationally today are proposed, and finally potentialities of the appropriate implementation of the chains approach in poultry sector in Cuba are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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