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Objectives Lip‐seal strength, which represents the muscle strength of the lips, appears to chiefly contribute to mastication and pronunciation. However, the functional characteristics of lip‐seal strength in adults are still undefined. The present study aimed to understand not only the distribution of lip‐seal strength in adult men and women but also the effect of age on this strength and identify oral motor functions correlated with lip‐seal strength. Materials and methods The subjects included 339 participants (men: 170, age 39.2 ± 18.2 years; women: 169, age 43.1 ± 19.7 years). Oral motor function was evaluated for lip‐seal strength, oral diadochokinesis (ODK), tongue pressure, occlusal force, and masticatory performance. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro–Wilk, Mann–Whitney U, and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests, in addition to the Spearman's correlation analysis and curvilinear regression analysis. Results Lip‐seal strength did not have a normal distribution (p

Background: Drooling is a clinically relevant non-motor symptom of people with Parkinson’s disease (PwP). Several drooling rating scales are available. Nevertheless, the compelling scientific evidence supporting their validity is limited. This study aims to evaluate clinical rating scales for drooling, assessing their characteristics, clinimetric properties, and clinical utility classification. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken. Two reviewers performed independent literature searches using the CENTRAL®, CINAHL®, Embase®, MEDLINE®, SciElo®, and SPEECH BITE® databases. We used consensusbased standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) and the International Parkinson’s disease and the Movement Disorders (MDS) criteria to evaluate the included rating scales. Results: The following six rating scales were identified: Drooling Impact Scale (DIS), Sialorrhea Scoring Scale (SSS), Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS), Drooling Rating Scale (DRS), Sialorrhea Clinical Scale for Parkinson Disease (SCS-PD), and the Radboud Oral Motor inventory for Parkinson’s disease – Saliva (ROMPsaliva). The scales had heterogeneous characteristics: (i) not all were created/adapted for PwP; (ii) different dimensions associated with drooling are assessed; (iii) cross-cultural adaptations are limited to some languages. The clinimetric properties showed: (i) target population size limitations; (ii) incomplete reliability analysis; (iii) lack of robust validity; (iv) sensitivity to change not fully explored. Following the MDS criteria, only one tool was classified as “recommended”, the ROMP-saliva. Conclusions: This review provides information for an adequate selection of a drooling rating scale for clinical and/or research purposes. To date, ROMP-saliva is the only scale with substantial evidence of its clinimetric properties adequacy and data in PwP. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

ObjectiveThis review article aimed to explore the effect of oral motor intervention on oral feeding in preterm infants through a meta-analysis.MethodEligible studies were retrieved from four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) up to July 2020 and screened based on established selection criteria. Thereafter, relevant data were extracted and heterogeneity tests were conducted to select appropriate effect models according to the chi-square test andI2statistics. Assessment of risk of bias was performed among the included studies. Finally, a meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of oral motor intervention in preterm infants according to four clinical indicators: transition time for oral feeding, length of hospital stay, feeding efficiency, and weight gain.ResultsEighteen randomized controlled trials with 848 participants were selected to evaluate the effect of oral motor intervention on preterm infants. The meta-analysis results revealed that oral motor intervention could effectively reduce the transition time to full oral feeds and the length of hospital stay as well as increase feeding efficiency and weight gain.ConclusionsOral motor intervention was an effective way to improve oral feeding in preterm infants. It is worthy to be used widely in hospitals to improve the clinical outcomes of preterm infants and reduce the economic burdens of families and society. Future studies should seek to identify detailed intervention processes and intervention durations for clinical application.

Feeding interventions, including oral motor and oral sensory therapy, potentially benefit feeding skills, while enhancing growth to children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of oral sensorimotor intervention in children who experience feeding and swallowing problems. Seven relevant articles were obtained from several databases like Medline, GoogleScholar, Embase, CINAHL, AgeLine and Scopus. A review of the literature published between 1994 and 2017 was used focusing on oral sensorimotor intervention studies for children (2.5–13.3 years of age) with feeding and swallowing disorders was performed. Seven primary studies of oral motor, oral sensory and oral sensorimotor interventions for children who experience neurodevelopmental feeding and swallowing problems fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The studies reported important results for the effectiveness of oral motor and oral sensory facilitation, along with the use of oral sensorimotor intervention, Innsbruck Sensorimotor Activator and Regulator (ISMAR), Sequential Oral Sensory (SOS) and postural control increasing the feeding abilities and skills of participants with neurodevelopmental diagnoses. There is a need for further studies that could serve as the basis for strong recommendations relating to oral sensorimotor interventions for children with feeding and swallowing disorders along with the input of the multidisciplinary team.

Summary Poor oral health is common among older adults and can impair essential activities of daily living and contribute to frailty. We did a systematic review of studies on the relationship between oral health factors and frailty among older adults (>60 years), consulting six different electronic databases for studies published from database inception to March 20, 2021. In total, 39 articles met the eligibility requirements, including 12 different indicators of poor oral health related to frailty, which we grouped in four different categories: oral health status deterioration; deterioration of oral motor skills; chewing, swallowing, and saliva disorders; and oral pain. Factors of oral health status deterioration (52%), in particular few remaining teeth (29%), were most frequently associated with frailty. Reduced oral motor skills (27%), especially masticatory function (9%), oral diadochokinesis (5%), occlusal force (7%), and chewing, swallowing, and saliva disorders (20%), especially chewing difficulties [11%]), were less frequent but were similarly considered to be associated with frailty. Our findings could help to assess the contribution of each oral health item to a possible operational definition of this novel frailty phenotype, defined as an age-related gradual loss of oral function together with a decline in cognitive and physical functions.

Background Most preterm neonates are unable to achieve independent oral feeding and are fed using tubes. Premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) is effective in initiating early oral feeding and reducing hospital stays. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PIOMI on feeding performance, duration of hospital stay, and weight of preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods This was a parallel randomized controlled trial conducted in Egypt. Sixty preterm neonates born between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation were randomly selected (30 in the study group and 30 in the control group). The study was conducted at the NICU in Sohag, Egypt, over 3 months from October to December 2019. Two tools were used: demographic data of preterm neonates according to gestational age, sex, weight, and diagnosis, and PIOMI. Results Among the preterm neonates in the study group, full oral feeding was achieved significantly earlier (P = .03), milk leakage decreased significantly (P = .001), weight was significantly higher (P = .018), and the duration of hospital stay was significantly lower (P = .014) than that in the control group. Conclusion Premature infant oral motor intervention was effective in improving preterm neonates' feeding performance, reducing the duration of hospital stay, and increasing their weight. This study recommended that a training program for nurses in the NICU about PIOMI for preterm neonates be conducted, along with training of the parents to use PIOMI and the implementation of policies in the NICU to conduct PIOMI as a part of daily routine preterm neonatal care.

Oral motor skills play a critical role in speech and feeding processes (McMurray et al., 2020). Normal speech production as a process of high complexity requires adequate functioning of the oral mo...

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder in postural and movement tone resulting from involvement in the motor centers of the immature brain. Thus, this work sought to expose the global motor, oral, and deglutition characteristics in children with CP. To this end, it performed a cross-sectional study of 100 children with CP. The data collection consisted in the detection of the main global motor and oral alterations, their repercussions on the deglutition process, and the main manifestations of dysphagia according to different consistencies of food and types of cerebral palsy. All children exhibited global motor and oral alterations. There were significant differences between age and global motor alterations. Alterations in the tongue mobility were more present in spastics (p=

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the performance of typically developing Swedish-speaking children on DYMTA (Dynamisk Motorisk Talbedomning), a Swedish dynamic motor speech assessment. Method: Participants were 94 children, 45 boys/49 girls (9/8 multilingual), with typical oral motor, speech, and language skills, between 37 and 106 months divided into five age-groups. They performed two speech motor assessments, DYMTA-A and DYMTA-B using dynamic assessment. Result: Typically developing children show good motor speech performance on targeted speech characteristics already at the age of three. DYMTA median total score was high for all ages; 90% of maximum or above. A significant correlation with age was found for DYMTA-A (p = 0.000, r = 0.49) and DYMTA-B (p = 0.000, r = 0.77). No significant differences were found across gender or concerning being mono- or multilingual. Conclusion: DYMTA is the first Swedish assessment tool designed to identify children with CAS. The results of this study demonstrate that typically developing Swedish children perform well on DYMTA and that the test has possible utility for both mono- and multilingual children.

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a frequently used surgical treatment for carotid artery stenosis. Cranial and peripheral nerve injuries are among the intraoperative complications. Diagnosing isolated injuries of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve after CEA is challenging and leads to oral motor dysfunction that affects the patient's quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment are valuable, since delayed diagnosis requires a surgical restoration of the affected nerve or muscle. In this article, we present a case of marginal mandibular nerve injury after CEA to increase the awareness on this complication and highlight the importance of rehabilitation for these cases, even in the chronic phase.

Prematurity is incredibly common in children within the Indian scenario. Techniques for oral motor stimulation have been explored, therefore the preterm newborn develops the transition to full oral feeding safer and active suck in an exceedingly shorter time This study aims to hold out a systematic scientific review of national and international literature reporting different techniques and elucidate their effectiveness, regarding the oral sensorimotor stimulation of preterm neonates that remained hospitalized. According to the literature, the foremost current technique utilized in India is that non-nutritive sucking with a gloved finger or orthodontic pacifier. Other countries also recorded the technique of non-nutritive sucking in pacifiers followed by oral motor muscle stimulation as a current new approach. these techniques have been positively affecting neonates' oral function development. Regarding the need for promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, recent publications highlighted a concerning percentage of synthetic nipples usage for stimulation in neonatal intensive care medical units.

Background : Non Speech Oral Motor Treatment’s (NSOMT) is a collective term that require active and passive training of speech musculature (Lof & Watson, 2008). Controversy of use this method was found in several publication. Researcher notes many questions about NSOMT efication. Aim of study is to gather information about utility NSOMT among Speech Therapist’s in Central Java. Isssue of Evidence Based Practice (EBP)implementation was crucial to be answer. This study was to analyse use of NSOMT among central java clinicians who treat children with speech sound disorder. Methods: This study was conducted in March until July 2019. Total 146 speech therapist across Central Java was participated on this study. Data analysis used descriptive statistic and Spearman Rank. Results: 84,9% speech therapist in Central Java used NSOMT to treat children who have speech sound disorder. Education level had a correlation with utility NSOMT in speech sound intervention (OR: 4.61; 95%: 1.44-14.72; p: 0.010). Conclusions: The results suggested similar finding with survey was conducted before. Speech therapist needs to improve their knowledge about EBP and its implementation.

Background Alteration in tongue mobility requires rehabilitation work through oral motor exercises. These exercises can be integrated with computer games to increase the patient's motivation during treatment. Objective To investigate the influence of tongue mobility on children's motor performance in a computer game reliant on lingual movements. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out with 16 children with altered tongue mobility and 16 children with normal tongue mobility. The subjects were between 8 and 12 years of age. They underwent a clinical evaluation of the tongue and performed an activity using an intra-oral joystick controlled by the tongue to play a simple computer game. The game consisted of targets appearing on the screen that the participants had to reach by moving the joystick control rod. Afterward, the participants answered a feedback questionnaire. Motor performance in the game, measured by the number of reached targets and by the time to reach the targets, was compared between groups and across directions of tongue movement and order of appearance of the targets. Results The group with altered tongue mobility presented a higher time to reach the target in the downward direction and in the first and last 12 targets and a lower number of targets reached in the left direction, upward direction, and in the first 12 targets than the control group. The direction of the movement influenced tongue performance in both groups. Conclusion Children with altered tongue mobility exhibited a worse performance than those with normal tongue mobility.

Purpose: The aim was to investigate, describe and analyse speech characteristics, intelligibility, orofacial function and co-existing neurodevelopmental symptoms in children with SSD of unknown origin, persisting after six years of age.Method: The study included 61 children with SSD (6-17 years) of unknown origin, referred for a speech and oral motor examination. The severity of SSD was estimated using Percentage Consonants Correct (PCC) and Percentage Vowels Correct (PVC) and assessments of resonance based on Swedish Articulation and Nasality Test (SVANTE). Orofacial function was screened using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). Parents completed the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) and a questionnaire including questions about heredity, medical and neurodevelopmental conditions, and speech development.Result: SSD varied according to PCC (8-95%) and PVC (55-100%) measurements. Percentages of co-occurring disorders included: 51% resonance deviations, 90% intelligibility issues, and 87% orofacial difficulties. The most affected orofacial domains were "Chewing and swallowing" (41%), "Masticatory muscles and jaw function" (38%) and "Sensory function" (38%). The majority (64%) had co-existing dysfunctions relating to general motor and neurodevelopmental disorders.Conclusion: Children with persistent SSD are at risk for orofacial dysfunction, general motor difficulties and other neurodevelopmental disorders and therefore should be screened for co-occurring disorders.

Purpose: The use of Non speech Oral Motor Exercises (NSOME) for motor speech sounds disorder treatment has been discussed in the literature in the last three decades, with most of the research presenting poor results for using NSOME. The purpose of this article was to add evidence related to that debate and show the correlations between NSOME and sound production among children diagnosed with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). Another goal is to clarify the misuse of the term in clinical settings and literature, while presenting solutions to the debate. Method: 256 VML entry evaluations and 89 long term treatment processes were analysed retrospectively. The correlations between Single Sound Pronunciation (SSP) and NSOME variables (i.e. blowing, oral motor imitation and tongue movements) were calculated using the entry evaluation group, as well as the correlations between the changes in SSP and NSOME variables using the long-term group. Results: High correlations were found between NSOME variables and SSP in both groups tested. Conclusions: The results confirmed the relationship between oral motor skills and sound production. Theoretical explanations and practical implications are further discussed.

Background Currently, there is no comprehensive and multidisciplinary recommendation study covering all aspects of pediatric dysphagia (PD). This study aimed to generate PD management recommendations with methods that can be used in clinical practice to fill this gap in our country and in the world, from the perspective of experienced multidisciplinary experts. Methods This recommendation paper was generated by a multidisciplinary team, using the seven-step process and a three-round modified Delphi survey via e-mail. First, ten open-ended questions were created, and then detailed recommendations including management, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up were created with the answers from these questions. Each recommendation item was voted on by the experts as overall consensus (strong recommendation), approaching consensus (weak recommendation) and divergent consensus (not recommended). Results In the 1st Delphi round, a questionnaire of 414 items was prepared based on the experts' responses to ten open-ended questions. In the 2nd Delphi round, 59.2% of these items were accepted as pre-recommendation. In the 3rd Delphi round, 62.6% of 246 items were accepted for inclusion in the proposals. The final version recommendations consisted of 154 items. Conclusions This study includes comprehensive and detailed answers for every problem that could be posed in clinical practice for the management of PD, and recommendations are for all pediatric patients with both oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia.

Recent methods and advancing world of medical electronics changed lots of traditional therapeutic intervention and approach for the management and treatment of several disorders. In the same line of approach the way of treatment of cerebral palsy is also changing more or less with recent advancement in clinical research. These clinical research and advancement gives a new pathway in the understanding of CP, early detection and prevention with primary care. This provides us a new opportunity to treat CP with the combination of both modern approach as well as the traditional therapeutic approach. Implementation of modern therapeutic electronics with enriched environment plays a vital role in treatment and management of CP. This paper provides a comparative study of mild and severely disabled children kept in different environment of treatment in the different geographical regions of the country i.e. India. The child and therapist both are much interested and enjoy a lot when such types of therapy is given from modern devices like computer, tablet, mobile phones in the form of interactive gaming to achieve a variety of therapeutic goals. Use of electronic and software gaming specifically designed for therapeutic purposes may adjunct to manual therapy. These games in recovery of oral motor strength in rehabilitation settings are showing more enjoyable and acceptable for growing children and adults too.

There is currently limited evidence supporting the use of telepractice to conduct bottle-feeding assessments. This study aimed to investigate the inter-rater reliability of bottle-feeding assessments conducted via synchronous telepractice (real-time videoconferencing). Secondary aims were to investigate parent and clinician satisfaction. Bottle-feeding skills of 30 children (aged 1 month–2 years) were simultaneously assessed by a telepractice SP (T-SP) at a remote location and an in-person SP (IP-SP) at the family home. A purpose-designed assessment form was used to evaluate: (1) developmental level (screen only), (2) state, color, and respiration, (3) oral motor skills, (4), infant oral reflexes, (5) tongue tie (screen only), (6) non-nutritive suck, (7) bottle-feeding, (8) overall feeding skills and (9) recommendations. Results of the T-SP and IP-SP assessments were compared using agreement statistics. Parents reported perceptions of telepractice pre and post session, and also rated post-session satisfaction. The telepractice SP completed a satisfaction questionnaire post-appointment. The majority of assessment components (45/53, 85%) met the agreement criteria (≥80% exact agreement). Difficulties were noted for the assessment of palate integrity, gagging during non-nutritive suck assessment, and 6 components of the tongue tie screen. Parent and clinician satisfaction was high, SPs reported that they would offer telepractice services to 93% of families again in the future. Overall, the results demonstrated that most components of a bottle-feeding assessment could be reliably completed via synchronous telepractice in family homes. However, further research is required to improve the reliability of some intra-oral assessment components.

International audience; Our objective was to identify a sensitive marker of disease progression in Friedreich’s ataxia. We prospectively evaluated speech, voice, and oromotor function in 40 patients at two timepoints. The mean disease duration was 20.8 ± 9.8 years and mean SARA score 23.7 ± 8.6 at baseline. Oral motor mobility, assessed by a combination of movements of the face, eyes, cheeks, lips, and tongue, decreased significantly after 1 year (P < 0.0001). The standardized response mean over 12 months was considered as large for oral mobility (1.26) but small for SARA (0.12). Oral mobility could therefore be a sensitive marker in therapeutic trials.

WOS: 000481437900001, Introduction: It is important to evaluate oral motor skills, make appropriate diagnosis and develop appropriate intervention plans for individuals who stutter. One of the measures used to evaluate oral motor skills is diadochokinesia (DDK). Diadochokinesia or diadochokinesis is the ability to make antagonistic movements in quick succession, alternately bringing a limb into opposite positions, as of flexion and extension or of pronation and supination. Diadochokinetic analysis examines the speed, accuracy and continuity measures of speech production in monosyllabic /p Lambda/, /t Lambda/, /k Lambda/and multisyllabic /p Lambda t Lambda k Lambda/ sequences. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the diadokinetic performance of children aged 7-12 with and without stuttering. Method: Participants were composed of girls and boys with and without stuttering from each age group. The data of the diadokinetic measurements of stuttering children were compared to the data of the typically developing children. Results: It was found that there was a significant difference in favor of children who do not stutter during production of /p Lambda/ and /k Lambda/ syllables. Syllable repetition rates are quicker in these syllables. Results of the research between the genders found there was a significant difference in favor of girls. The average of girls is higher than males. In addition, there was a significance in favor of 10-12 age groups for /p Lambda/ syllable that syllable repetition rate is slower in these groups., Anadolu Universitesi, This study was funded by Anadolu Universitesi.

Background Preterm infants develop a coordinated suck and swallow depending upon their postmenstrual age and neurological status. However, criteria to determine when to best initiate oral feeding are unclear. Yet, infant readiness for oral feeding is essential for successful transition from enteral tube to oral feeding. Aim This study aimed to (a) identify infant characteristics associated with feeding readiness assessed with the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS)1 and (b) examine the relationship between readiness and preterm infants’ time to reach full oral feeding and length of hospital stay. Study design This is a secondary descriptive analysis from a randomized controlled study to determine the effect of a premature infant oral motor intervention on feeding progression and length of hospital stay. Seventy-five stable premature infants were recruited from five neonatal intensive care units in Assiut city, Assiut governorate, Egypt. Eligible infants’ gestational age ranged from 30 to 32 weeks gestational age (GA). Readiness was assessed individually for each infant during non/nutritive sucking using NOMAS. Result Preterm infants who demonstrated greater oral feeding readiness achieved full oral feeding sooner (P Conclusion Readiness for oral feeding in premature infants is related to earlier feeding progression and shorter hospital stays.

The problem in this article was about the language disorder in the speech development of children. The language disorder on the speech development of children were one of the type of communication disorder that indicate the children who experience the disorders process to use any symbols in language. The language disorder on speech development of children was happened cause there was a disorder on nerves system or abnormalities in related organ that related to the process to use the language and to childrens' speech which occurs due to injury or trauma when they were in prenatal, natal and postnatal. Beside that it could be also caused by the environment at the age of the development of the childrens' language and speech they were did not got a good stimulus. The childrens who experience those difficulties were late in having language development skills. This things could occur in phonology, semantics, and syntax problems so that the childrens was experience the difficulties in transformation that were highly required in communication activities. The handling goals thatcan be done for the children who had the language disorders in speech development was speech therapy, oral motor, and melody intonation.

Recurrent emesis (i.e., vomiting) during mealtime is often a great concern of caregivers of children with pediatric feeding disorders. Identifying the cause and treating the emesis may be difficult due to the multiple factors that may contribute to the occurrence overtime. Emesis may result from various factors, some of which include volume sensitivity, inadequate oral motor skills, and environmental factors related to food novelty and texture. This case study describes a 6-year-old boy with spina bifida who was dependent upon gastrointestinal-tube feedings due to frequent emesis when fed orally. Upon admission to an intensive feeding program, several potential factors maintaining the emesis were identified based upon clinical assessment, observation, and caregiver report. These factors were each evaluated systematically and results indicated that emesis was more likely to occur when foods of novel taste and texture were presented. With exposure, rates of emesis decreased across both type and texture of food. However, emesis decreased more quickly for novel foods at a pureed texture compared to the same food at a higher texture. There were no significant differences in rates of emesis during environmental manipulations related to observer response or associated with volume sensitivity. The methods utilized in this study may be useful to practitioners to systematically evaluate the variables contributing to the occurrence and maintenance of emesis.