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Abstract Background Periodontitis, one of the most common oral diseases, is a chronic inflammatory condition occur in response to bacterial plaque biofilms. Plaque control and oral hygiene instructions are the most widely used and effective nonsurgical treatment for periodontitis, which is based on a partnership between patient and clinician and requires a life-long commitment. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of internet-based nursing interventions for the treatment of patients with periodontitis. The findings from this study may help to enhance the therapeutic outcomes for patients with periodontitis. Methods A total of 80 patients with periodontitis treated in Zhejiang Province Stomatology hospital from December 2021 to January 2023 were randomly selected and divided into control group and intervention group with 40 cases each. The control group was given routine oral health guidance and the intervention group received internet based nursing intervention. The periodontal pocket depth, percentage of periodontal pocket depth (PD) ≥ 4 mm, bleeding on probing (BOP)%, and self-efficacy scale for oral health care (SESS) were assessed and compared at four time points: initial visit, 6-8-weeks follow-up, 3-months follow-up, and 6-months follow-up. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, initial visit PD, initial visit PD ≥ 4 mm (%), initial visit BOP (%), and initial visit SESS (P > 0.05). The intervention group showed a significantly decreased percentage of PD ≥ 4 mm at 6–8 weeks and 6-months follow-up compared to the control group (P

Background: Periodontitis, one of the most common oral diseases, is a chronic inflammatory condition occur in response to bacterial plaque biofilms. Plaque control and oral hygiene instructions are the most widely used and effective nonsurgical treatment for periodontitis, which is based on a partnership between patient and clinician and requires a life-long commitment. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of internet-based nursing interventions for the treatment of patients with periodontitis. The findings from this study may help to enhance the therapeutic outcomes for patients with periodontitis. Methods: A total of 80 patients with periodontitis treated in Zhejiang Province Stomatology hospital from December 2021 to January 2023 were randomly selected and divided into control group and intervention group with 40 cases each. The control group was given routine oral health guidance and the intervention group received internet based nursing intervention. The periodontal pocket depth, percentage of periodontal pocket depth (PD) ≥ 4 mm, bleeding on probing (BOP)%, and self-efficacy scale for oral health care (SESS) were assessed and compared at four time points: initial visit, 6-8-weeks follow-up, 3-months follow-up, and 6-months follow-up. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, initial visit PD, initial visit PD ≥ 4 mm (%), initial visit BOP (%), and initial visit SESS (P > 0.05). The intervention group showed a significantly decreased percentage of PD ≥ 4 mm at 6–8 weeks and 6-months follow-up compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The PD, BOP%, and SESS scores of the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group at 6-months follow-up (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in patient satisfaction between the two groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed that the internet-based nursing intervention in conjunction with periodontal treatment was able to improve the periodontal pocket depth, gingival bleeding and the level of self-efficacy of patients, suggesting that it is necessary to carry out the extended oral hygiene instructions via internet-based platforms for the patients in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Parodontologie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis (Berlin, Germany) is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Methods Forty adult periodontitis patients were involved(twenty in the test group and twenty in the control group, randomly). All patients received systematic periodontal examination, recording and calculating percentage of sites with plaque, probing depth and bleeding on probing, and implement routine oral hygiene instruction at the first visit. The test group received additional plaque staining and individual oral hygiene instruction. Both groups completed supragingival scaling and polishing at the first visit. After 1 week, subgingival scaling and root planning were completed. After 6 weeks, re-evaluation was performed, and oral hygiene and periodontal clinical indicators were recorded and compared. Results The percentage of plaque in test group and control group decreased by (56. 21 ± 14. 64)% and (43. 82 ± 11. 01)% respectively after treatment; The percentage of calculus decreased by(33. 60 ± 11. 01)% and (21. 28 ± 11. 96)% respectively compared with that before treatment. There were also statistically significant differences in the percentage of plaque and calculus between the two groups before and after treatment(P＜0. 001). After treatment, the probing depth of the two groups decreased by (1. 61 ± 0. 96) mm and (0. 86 ± 0. 69) mm, respectively; The percentage of bleeding after probing in the two groups decreased by (49. 51 ± 14. 67) % and (36. 70 ± 15. 40) %, respectively, compared with that before treatment. There were also statistically significant differences in the probing depth and the percentage of bleeding on probing between the two groups before and after treatment, and between the two groups(P＜0. 001). Conclusion The auxiliary application of plaque staining is helpful to improve the oral health status of patients with periodontitis and the clinical performance of periodontal non-surgical therapy. T o evaluate the clinical effect of plaque staining-assisted routine oral health education on oral hygiene of and clinical performance of periodontal non-surgical therapy for patients with periodontitis. (目的 评估菌斑染色辅助常规口腔卫生宣教方法的临床效果。方法 选取40例拟行牙周基础治疗的成年牙周炎患者, 随机分入试验组和对照组, 各20例。首诊均接受系统牙周检查, 记录和计算菌斑、牙石百分比、探诊深度和探诊后出血并实施常规口腔卫生宣教。试验组额外应用菌斑染色并接受个性化口腔卫生指导。两组均于首诊完成龈上洁治和抛光, 1周后分区段完成龈下刮治和根面平整, 6周后进行再评估, 记录并对比口腔卫生情况和牙周临床指标。结果 治疗后试验组与对照组菌斑百分比较治疗前分别降低(56. 21±14. 64)%和(43. 82±11. 01)%; 牙石百分比较治疗前分别降低(33. 60±11. 01)%和(21. 28±11. 96)%, 两组菌斑和牙石百分比治疗前后的差异和两组间降低值的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0. 001)。治疗后两组探诊深度较治疗前分别降低(1. 61±0. 96) mm和(0. 86±0. 69) mm; 两组探诊后出血百分比较治疗前分别降低(49. 51±14. 67)%和(36. 70±15. 40)%, 两组探诊深度和探诊后出血百分比治疗前后的差异和两组间降低值的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0. 001)。结论 辅助应用菌斑染色有助于改善牙周炎患者的口腔卫生状况和牙周基础治疗疗效。)

Periodontal disease is a significant global health burden affecting half of the world's population. Given that plaque and inflammation control are essential to the attainment of periodontal health, recent trends in preventive dentistry have focused on the use of behavioral models to understand patient psychology and promote self-care and treatment compliance. In addition to their uses in classifying, explaining and predicting oral hygiene practices, behavioral models have been adopted in the design of oral hygiene interventions from individual to population levels. Despite the growing focus on behavioral modification in dentistry, the currently available evidence in the field of periodontology is scarce, and interventions have primarily measured changes in patient beliefs or performance in oral hygiene behaviors. Few studies have measured their impact on clinical outcomes, such as plaque levels, gingival bleeding and periodontal pocket reduction, which serve as indicators of the patient's disease status and quality of oral self-care. The present narrative review aims to summarize selected literature on the use of behavioral models to improve periodontal outcomes. A search was performed on existing behavioral models used to guide dental interventions to identify their use in interventions measuring periodontal parameters. The main models were identified and subsequently grouped by their underlying theoretical area of focus: patient beliefs (health belief model and cognitive behavioral principles); stages of readiness to change (precaution adoption process model and transtheoretical model); planning behavioral change (health action process approach model, theory of planned behavior and client self-care commitment model); and self-monitoring (self-regulation theory). Key constructs of each model and the findings of associated interventions were described. The COM-B model, a newer behavioral change system that has been increasingly used to guide interventions and policy changes, is discussed with reference to its use in oral health settings. Within the limitations of the available evidence, interventions addressing patient beliefs, motivation, intention and self-regulation could lead to improved outcomes in periodontal health. Direct comparisons between interventions could not be made due to differences in protocol design, research populations and follow-up periods. The conclusions of this review assist clinicians with implementing psychological interventions for oral hygiene promotion and highlight the need for additional studies on the clinical effects of behavioral model-based interventions.

Purpose: Patient education and oral hygiene instruction (OHI) communication play a key role in the dental hygiene process of care. The purpose of this study was to determine whether brief motivational interviewing (BMI) was superior to traditional OHI in improving periodontal health. Chairside time needed to deliver traditional OHI as compared to BMI was also compared. Methods: A convenience sample of 60 participants were randomized into two groups. The control group received traditional OHI and the test group received BMI. Periodontal indicators of disease were collected by a blinded examiner. Interventions for both groups and data collection occurred at four time points over a 12-month period. Periodontal outcome measures were plaque score, bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI). Results: Both groups showed significant reductions in plaque score, BOP, and GI over time. The control group had an improvement in plaque score compared to the test group at visit three (p=0.05) and at visit four (p=0.03). The test group had an improvement in GI score compared to the control group at visit four (p=0.03). Chairside time was shorter in the control (OHI) group at each time point (p<0.01). Conclusion: Both traditional OHI and BMI patient education communication methods improved periodontal outcomes measured by plaque score, BOP, and GI. The inclusion of BMI in patient education sessions was demonstrated to be feasible within the time constraints of the dental hygiene recare appointment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effective removal of dental plaque is essential factor for prevention of caries, gingival, and periodontal diseases in children and adults., Aim: To evaluate factors associated with improving toothbrushing performance (TB-P) among children., Design: An observational cohort study analyzed all paediatric patients receiving regular examinations in a single dental clinic between 2009 and 2017 and regularly brushing their teeth with a triple-headed toothbrush (TH-TB). At every periodic follow-up, the TB-P of the child/parent was evaluated using the TB-P Skill Index (TB-PS-I); that is, did the child reach all five teeth segments within each arch and did he/she perform 10 back-and-forth stocks in each segment. When not optimal, they received instructions for improving TB-P and subsequently were asked to re-demonstrate. TB-PS-I was calculated and analyzed for correlation with other explanatory variables., Results: A total of 1737 children with 7399 follow-up appointments were analyzed. Older age, female gender, higher number of follow-up appointments, and compliance with twice-daily toothbrushing significantly improved TB-P. The most typical mistakes in their performance were not reaching the canine segments and not performing enough strokes in each segment. Instructions given after imperfect TB-P significantly improved the TB-P. The magnitude of improvement, however, did not correlate with the performers' age, gender, or the number of follow-up visits., Conclusions: A significant percentage of children >8 years did not perform optimal toothbrushing even when using TH-TB., (© 2024 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: Dental implant care and maintenance is of critical importance as implants grow in popularity as a tooth replacement option. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implant-related training and clinical practices of oral health practitioners (OHPs) in Australia regarding oral hygiene instructions (OHI) and maintenance protocols, and to better understand their role in providing peri-implant services. Methods: A 42-item web-based survey was forwarded to the members of the Dental Hygienists Association of Australia and the Australian Dental and Oral Health Therapists' Association. Survey items included participant's demographics, types of peri-implant services provided in the workplace, implant-related information sources, peri-implant diagnostic preferences, implant maintenance protocols and oral hygiene instructions (OHI) for dental implants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Comparisons were made with a similar survey of the implant maintenance preferences of general dentists in Australia. Results: One hundred fifty-four Australian OHPs completed the electronic survey (n=154). Nearly all respondents (96.7%) considered implant home hygiene and peri-implant health to be strongly associated. Dental qualification (64.9%) and association-sponsored professional development courses (50.6%) were the most common sources of implant assessment/management information. Brushing (88.7%) and the use of an interdental brush (78.1%) were the most popular implantspecific OHI provided. All of the respondents reported performing oral hygiene assessments around dental implants; 94.0% performed supragingival cleaning, 67.5% subgingival cleaning, 55.0% treated peri-implant mucositis and 38.4% peri-implantitis. Dental floss (80.9%), rubber-cup prophylaxis (59.6%), plastic/carbon curettes (52.5%) and plastic-tipped ultrasonics (43.3%) were the most common devices used for implant maintenance. Conclusion: Australian OHPs reported providing peri-implant services generally in agreement with the current literature and demonstrated a greater focus on prevention as compared with Australian dentists. Oral health practitioners in Australia expect to be highly involved in dental implant maintenance care and provide the majority of preventive, periodontal and OHI services in their workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral rehabilitation (maxillofacial prosthetic intervention and oral hygiene instruction) on oral health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and oral hygiene condition in patients with maxillofacial defects and to explore the correlation between them in these patients. Twenty-five patients with maxillofacial defects who had been treated since April 2016 to March 2018 were included in this study. The scores of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and O'Leary's Plaque Control Record (PCR) were also identified as the scores of OHRQoL and oral hygiene condition, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed to compare between the scores of "pre" and "post" prosthetic treatment and to evaluate patient-related factors influencing these variables (age, the number of residual teeth and occlusal supports, and occlusal units (OUs)). The effect of combined chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) on each score was also assessed statistically. Furthermore, the correlation of OHIP and PCR scores was explored statistically. Both oral rehabilitations could significantly improve OHIP and PCR scores. Significant correlations of the change of OHIP scores with age and OUs were detected. CRT had no significant effect on OHIP and PCR scores. No correlations between OHIP and PCR were observed. Although oral rehabilitation such as maxillofacial prosthetic treatment and oral hygiene instruction would be highly effective for improvement of OHRQoL and oral hygiene condition in patients with maxillofacial defects, there was no correlation between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral hygiene instruction programs on the knowledge, attitude, performance, and DMFT index in pregnant women. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial, 120 pregnant women in Fereydoun Shahr (Isfahan Province) were selected by cluster sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Educational intervention was conducted through four 2-hour sessions in the field of oral health in four groups with 11 subjects and two groups with eight subjects in the intervention group. The data of both groups were collected before, four weeks and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21, using independent-samples ttest, chi-squared test, and repeated measurements (α = 0.05). Results: Of 120 subjects, 60 were in the control group, with the remaining 60 in the intervention group. After the educational intervention, after three months, the means of knowledge scores in the control and intervention groups were 8.02 ± 1.70 and 14.15 ± 1.05, respectively. The mean attitude scores were 30.45 ± 3.76 and 36.00 ± 2.33, and the mean performance scores were 35.17 ± 3.53 and 41.43 ± 2.40 in the control and intervention groups, respectively. Furthermore, the means of PI were 3.28 ± 0.81 and 2.95 ± 0.75 in the control and intervention groups, respectively. A repeated measure design was used to study the effect of time, group, interaction between the groups, and time on knowledge, attitude, performance, and DMFT index. The results showed a significant increase in the knowledge, attitude and performance of mothers in the intervention group compared to the control group. Evaluation of the DMFT index showed that time and group interaction was significant concerning decayed and filled teeth. Conclusion: The results showed that the educational program had a significant effect on improving the knowledge, attitude, and oral health parameters of pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the practicability and effectiveness of group oral hygiene instruction for adults in comparison with individual oral hygiene instruction. Materials and Methods: A total of 104 male subjects aged 18 to 54 (mean age: 29.7) years were randomly assigned to one of four groups: group A was given individual oral hygiene instruction; group B was given group oral hygiene instruction; group C was given a combination of individual and group oral hygiene instructions; and group D received no oral hygiene instruction (the control group). The success of each form of instruction was evaluated on the basis of four parameters: (1) the Quigley-Hein plaque index (QHI), (2) the approximal plaque index (API), (3) a modified sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and (4) the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). All participants had professional tooth cleaning at the end of the baseline examination. The final examinations were conducted 13 weeks later. Results: All subjects showed a poor oral health status at the beginning of the study, and the mean QHI score was 2.2. In addition, 92% of all subjects had an API score of more than 70%. Moderate-to-severe gingival inflammation (modified SBI) was observed in 67.3% of the subjects. CPITN scores of 2 or 3 were calculated for 82% of all sextants. At the end of the study, all groups showed a significant improvement in their oral health status and periodontal parameters (P < 0.0001). The majority of the subjects achieved an API score between 25% and 70%, and they had a mean QHI score of 1.2. A CPITN score of 0 or 1 was recorded for most sextants (62%). There was no significant difference between the various groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that group oral hygiene instruction and conventional individual instruction have similar beneficial effects in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of short (15 minutes) oral hygiene vs. hand hygiene education for preschool children 4 weeks after these interventions.Materials and Methods: Sixty-one preschool children (age range 4-6 years) attending four kindergarten classes participated in a 15-minute health education programme on the importance of body cleanliness for general health. In addition, specific instructions on oral hygiene were provided for two randomly selected classes (30 children), while the remaining two classes (31 children) were given instruction of hand and nail cleaning. The oral hygiene status was assessed usingthe plaque control record (PCR). The cleanliness of the hands and fingernails was determined using a hand hygiene index (HHI) and a nail hygiene index (NHI). All three parameters were assessed before the intervention as well as 4 weeks thereafter.Results: Four weeks after education, the PCR had improved for all children from 79.95% to 72.35% (p < 0.001). The NHI had improved from 74.91% to 61.71% (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean PCR of the children given oral hygiene instruction decreased from 83.67% to 72.40%, while the mean PCR of the children given hand and nail cleaning instruction decreased from 76.23% to 72.29% (interaction effect 'time x type of instruction': p = 0.044). Girls' PCR improved significantly more than boys' PCR (Girls, 80.98 vs. 69.71; boys, 78.33 vs. 75.31; p = 0.021).Conclusions: The results of the study show that even a short, school-based educational intervention at an early age may affect children's oral health promotion significantly. Teachers should, therefore, be encouraged to educate children from an early age about oral hygiene promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Parodontologie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis (Berlin, Germany) is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Taiwan, more than 90% of people aged 35–44 years have periodontal disease. To reduce periodontal disease in Taiwanese people, the National Health Insurance (NHI) system included the comprehensive periodontal treatment project (CPTP) in 2010. The CPTP mainly emphasizes oral hygiene instruction, plaque control, and check-up compliance, with the goal of providing complete, continual, and high-quality periodontal care to patients. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the patients receiving comprehensive periodontal treatment had better clinical outcomes than those receiving conventional periodontal treatment. Methods: Secondary data exploration was conducted in this study. Based on NHI data, patients who had participated in the CPTP and completed the three-stage periodontal treatments between 2011 and 2012 were recruited in the experimental group (65,342 patients). The patients who had not participated in the CPTP but had received conventional periodontal treatment during the same period were selected in the control group (106,740 patients). Using the four parameters (re-treatment, endodontic therapy, surgical restoration, and tooth extraction) as prognostic indicators, we performed logistic regression analyses to evaluate whether patients in the experimental group had better clinical outcomes than those in the control group. Results: We found that patients participating in the CPTP for 545 days had substantially lower rates of re-treatment, endodontic therapy, surgical restoration, and tooth extraction than those in the control group (p

Background: The aim of this randomized clinical study was to detect the effect of an instruction within a group using oscillating-rotating (OR), sonic-active (SA), or manual toothbrushes (MTB) in young, oral healthy adults.Methods: One hundred fifty participants were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 25): with (OR-I, SA-I, MTB-I) and without instruction (OR-NI, SA-NI, MTB-NI). Participants in I subgroups received one standardized instruction of the toothbrush system. At baseline (t0), after 2 (t1), 4 (t2), and 12 weeks (t3), plaque indices including modified Quigley-Hein Index (QHI) and Marginal Plaque Index (MPI) as well as inflammation indices including Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed. Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, and chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis.Results: One hundred thirty-one participants completed the follow-up and were analyzed: OR-I = 21, OR-NI = 22, SA-I = 22, SA-NI = 22, MTB-I = 22, and MTB-NI = 22. Within groups between t0 and t3, OR and SA systems showed a significant plaque reduction, irrespective of instruction (pi < 0.05). In MTB-I and in SA-NI subgroups, a reduction of GI was detected, while an improvement in PBI within SA-I was found (pi < 0.05). Thereby, after 12 weeks, gingival inflammation and plaque indices were comparable between all subgroups (pi > 0.05). Irrespective of the toothbrush system used, only QHI was positively influenced by instruction (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The used toothbrush as well as the presence or absence of a single brush-specific instruction has no influence on plaque removal and reduction of gingival inflammation in young, oral healthy adults in an observation period of 12 weeks.Clinical relevance: A single instruction might bring no benefit in this patient group, independently of the used toothbrush system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Oral hygiene instructions ( OHI) and patient motivation ( PM), often provided by dental hygienists, are essential attributes to establishing good oral health in patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the provision of OHI and PM by dental professionals in a dental care system without dental hygienists. Methods and materials A questionnaire, including 22 items (demographics, OHI and PM), was presented to 1037 dental professionals (=21.6% Flemish population). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the provision of OHI and PM. Additionally, the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test was used to investigate the influence of qualification (general practitioner/specialist), work experience (< or ≥ 25 years), workload (< or ≥ 30 h), location of practice (rural/urban) and chair-side assistance (with/without). Results Response rate was 75%. Participants reported a single strategy for preventive care and felt their efforts were not in harmony with the results. Lack of time, remuneration and patient interest were reported as complicating factors and participants agreed on allowing assistants to provide preventive care. Significant variance was found based on qualification (12/17 items), work experience (7/17 items), workload (1/17 items), location of practice (2/17 items) and chair-side assistance (15/17 items). Conclusion In a context without dental hygienists, OHI and PM appeared non-compliant with current international guidelines. Although dental professionals were concerned with preventive dentistry, they reported barriers including lack of time, remuneration and patient compliance. Almost all participants expressed the need for delegation of in-mouth OHI, suggesting a need for dental hygienists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mustard gas or sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the most important alkylating chemical warfare agents that was widely used the world war I and in the Iran-Iraq war It acts as an alkylating agent with long-term toxic effects on skin, eyes, respiratory system, bone marrow tissues, and the mucosal cells of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in several early and long-term effects on human health, many of them cannot be defined clinically or pathologically. regarding the fact that no study has been performed on dental therapeutic needs of these patients in Iran, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of oral soft tissue lesions of toxic veterans referred to medical toxicology Center of Imam Reza hospital to oral medicine department, Mashhad Dental School of Mashhad University. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the dental conditions and therapeutic needs in sulfur mustard veterans which referred from Medical Toxicology Research Center (MTRC) to Mashhad Dental School in 2009. Methods &Material : This is a descriptive (cross-sectional) study. Following coordination and obtaining the informed consent, the veterans of Khorassan Razavi with delayed complications of sulfur mustard (SM) poisoning were referred from MTRC of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences to oral medicine clinic of Mashhad faculty of dentistry. The teeth of the patients were examined by an oral medicine specialist using dental mirror and other required tools. The information obtained by WHO Questionnaire. The collected data were as follow: Demography information, abnormalities of teeth and oral cavity and the dental therapeutic needs. The statistical analysis was performed bySPSS (version11.5Using appropriate statistical tests. Result: This study was carried out on 40 male SM veterans with a mean age of 50.7 years (minimum 39 and maximum 71 years) the patients had oral soft tissue lesions and were edentulous. . Majority (75%) of patients need to be treated dentally, including oral hygiene instruction (60%) , fixed prosthetic (40%), root canal therapy (12.5%), tooth extraction (12.5), restorative treatment )5.25%( and follow up for denture adjacent(5.0%).The most common therapeutic needs were OHI and partial or fixed prosthesis. Conclusions: Most patients needed oral hygiene instruction and treatment for the oral lesions. It is thus recommend considering routine oral dental examination and treatment at regular intervals for the patients with delayed complications of SM poisoning.

Background/purpose: In Taiwan, more than 90% of people aged 35-44 years have periodontal disease. To reduce periodontal disease in Taiwanese people, the National Health Insurance (NHI) system included the comprehensive periodontal treatment project (CPTP) in 2010. The CPTP mainly emphasizes oral hygiene instruction, plaque control, and check-up compliance, with the goal of providing complete, continual, and high-quality periodontal care to patients. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the patients receiving comprehensive periodontal treatment had better clinical outcomes than those receiving conventional periodontal treatment.Methods: Secondary data exploration was conducted in this study. Based on NHI data, patients who had participated in the CPTP and completed the three-stage periodontal treatments between 2011 and 2012 were recruited in the experimental group (65,342 patients). The patients who had not participated in the CPTP but had received conventional periodontal treatment during the same period were selected in the control group (106,740 patients). Using the four parameters (re-treatment, endodontic therapy, surgical restoration, and tooth extraction) as prognostic indicators, we performed logistic regression analyses to evaluate whether patients in the experimental group had better clinical outcomes than those in the control group.Results: We found that patients participating in the CPTP for 545 days had substantially lower rates of re-treatment, endodontic therapy, surgical restoration, and tooth extraction than those in the control group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: We conclude that the patients receiving comprehensive periodontal treatment have better clinical outcomes than the patients receiving conventional periodontal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a ubiquitous and irreversible inflammatory condition and represents a significant public health burden. Severe periodontitis affects over 11% of adults, is a major cause of tooth loss impacting negatively upon speech, nutrition, quality of life and self-esteem, and has systemic inflammatory consequences. Periodontitis is preventable and treatment leads to reduced rates of tooth loss and improved quality of life. However, successful treatment necessitates behaviour change in patients to address lifestyle risk factors (e.g. smoking) and, most importantly, to attain and sustain high standards of daily plaque removal, lifelong. While mechanical plaque removal remains the bedrock of successful periodontal disease management, in high-risk patients it appears that the critical threshold for plaque accumulation to trigger periodontitis is low, and such patients may benefit from adjunctive agents for primary prevention of periodontitis. Aim The aims of this working group were to systematically review the evidence for primary prevention of periodontitis by preventing gingivitis via four approaches: 1) the efficacy of mechanical self-administered plaque control regimes; 2) the efficacy of self-administered inter-dental mechanical plaque control; 3) the efficacy of adjunctive chemical plaque control; and 4) anti-inflammatory (sole or adjunctive) approaches. Methods Two meta-reviews (mechanical plaque removal) and two traditional systematic reviews (chemical plaque control/anti-inflammatory agents) formed the basis of this consensus. Results Data support the belief that professionally administered plaque control significantly improves gingival inflammation and lowers plaque scores, with some evidence that reinforcement of oral hygiene provides further benefit. Re-chargeable power toothbrushes provide small but statistically significant additional reductions in gingival inflammation and plaque levels. Flossing cannot be recommended other than for sites of gingival and periodontal health, where inter-dental brushes ( IDBs) will not pass through the interproximal area without trauma. Otherwise, IDBs are the device of choice for interproximal plaque removal. Use of local or systemic anti-inflammatory agents in the management of gingivitis has no robust evidence base. We support the almost universal recommendations that all people should brush their teeth twice a day for at least 2 min. with fluoridated dentifrice. Expert opinion is that for periodontitis patients 2 min. is likely to be insufficient, especially when considering the need for additional use of inter-dental cleaning devices. In patients with gingivitis once daily inter-dental cleaning is recommended and the adjunctive use of chemical plaque control agents offers advantages in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this survey was the determine of effectiveness of preventive precisures. 320 twelve years school student have chosen randomly. After determination of DMFT All of them divided to 4 groups. First group as control and the other groups were as oral hygiene education 6-fluoride therapy and sealant therapy group in a period of two years."nResults of this study showed that fluoride therapy was more effective than the other procisures than oral hygiene instructions.

Introduction: Oral hygiene instruction performed by different personnel in various manners is a necessity for prevention and treatment of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Since dentists are the majority of personnel who deliver oral hygiene instruction to patients, this study was designed to evaluate dentists' attitude towards oral hygiene instruction in their private office in Yazd. Methods: A questionnaire including demographic information and various oral hygiene instruction methods was prepared and delivered to 151 dentists who were working in their private office in Yazd. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software and Fisher exact test was performed. Results: Results revealed that 95.3% of dentists gave oral hygiene instruction to their patients. This training included dental flossing techniques followed by tooth brushing. Therefore, using an oral model was the most common way of patient's instruction. Conclusion: Results obtained from this study showed that the majority of dentists in Yazd gave oral hygiene instruction to their patients through various methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess periodontal status and treatment need of insulin dependent diabetic mellitus patients by using the CPITN system and to shed additional light on the possible effects of the duration of diabetes on the periodontal status in these patients. A comparison was made between 150 diabetic patients and 150 control subjects. The surveys comprised of a self-administered questionnaire, along with medical and dental examinations. The results indicated that prevalence of code 0 was lower and code 1, 2 and 3 were higher in diabetic than control group. Oral hygiene instruction was required for 64.7 % of diabetic group and 47.3 % of control group. Professional scaling was required for 34.7 % of diabetic group and 20 % of control group. Complex treatment required for 2 % of diabetic group and 0.7 % of control group. To conclude, strong association was found between diabetes and periodontal health in the present study. Hence, it is recommended that an oral examination should be one of the components of the initial visit for children and adolescents having diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adhesively bonded, fixed orthodontic appliances-so-called multibracket appliances-on buccal or lingual tooth surfaces can make oral hygiene difficult. This increases the risk of caries and gingivitis, and patients require closely monitored prophylactic care. Oral hygiene indices serve to assess the oral hygiene situation and evaluate oral health status. The currently available indices do not adequately meet the special requirements of patients with multibracket appliances, since they evaluate only the smooth surfaces and/or approximal spaces of the teeth in terms of plaque accumulation and signs of inflammation of the marginal gingiva. The Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI) is a special index for patients with fixed orthdontic appliances. The OPI focuses on the tooth area in the immediate vicinity of the bracket, since additional and relatively inaccessible plaque niches arise at these sites. To record the OPI, the dentition is divided into sextants. Plaque scores (0 to 4) are assigned. The plaque accumulation on each tooth surface adjacent to the bracket base is evaluated (mesial, distal, occlusal/ incisal, and cervical). In addition, signs of gingival inflammation are recorded. The highest score per sextant is entered into a sextant table. Increased risk of caries and gingivitis is assumed as of score 3. The OPI can be used for both buccal and lingual multibracket appliances. In patients with fixed orthodontic apppliances, the OPI assesses oral hygiene in the bracket vicinity and thus provides differential findings. As a result, the OPI is recommended for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of Problem: Plaque control and its instruction is an important part of dental treatments which guarantees the long term success of the periodontal and dental care. Purpose : The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of the oral hygiene instruction given to the patients on the amount of awareness and improving their attitude and practice. Method and Material: For this purpose, a number of 100 patients were selected randomly and instructed oral hygiene methods. The patients filled out a questionnaire including 14 questions derived from OHI-S questionnaire of WHO at the beginning of the study and at the intervals of one and two weeks and 1-month. The plaque index of all the patients was measured by an examiner on the base of O'Leary plaque index. After comparing the pre and post oral health questionnaires, changes in the rate of attitude, awareness and practice of patients were analyzed with paired t-test. Results: One month after oral hygiene instruction, the patients' awareness and attitude increased by 46% ( p = 0.021) and 123% ( p = 0.018) respectively. The plaque index decreased by 43.27% ( p = 0.018). All of the parameters showed a significant difference from baseline ( p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that repeated oral hygiene instruction makes a significant improvement on the amount of awareness, attitude and practice of patients in relation to plaque control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Determine whether a six-step behavioral cognitive method is more effective than traditional oral hygiene instruction. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group was given traditional oral hygiene instruction for 20min. The intervention group received counseling by Farquhar’s six-step method for 10min after traditional oral hygiene instruction. In both groups, oral hygiene instruction was given once a week, and performed three times in total for 3 weeks. Clinical characteristics, deposition of dental plaque, frequency and duration of brushing, frequency of interdental cleaning and scores based on scale of “self-efficacy for brushing of the teeth” were compared in both groups. Results: There were no differences between the two groups in clinical, demographic, behavioral and self-efficacy characteristics at the baseline examination. However after the third visit, the intervention group had a significantly higher self-efficacy, lower plaque index, longer brushing duration and higher frequency of inter-dental cleaning than those of the control group. Multiple regression analysis showed significant association of toothbrushing duration with self-efficacy for brushing of the teeth (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The six-step method might be more effective for enhancing self-efficacy and behavioral change of oral hygiene than traditional oral hygiene instruction alone. Practice implications: Dentists and dental hygienists can use the six-step method for effective oral hygiene instruction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Orthodontic therapy is recently becoming more popular. The numerous orthodontic components, however, encourage the accumulation of dental plaque on teeth, increasing the risk of caries and periodontitis. In order to reduce these problems, we designed a study to investigate the effects of an oral hygiene instruction intervention program. Fifty-seven patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were divided randomly into a trial (n=29) and a control group (n=28). Plaque and gingival indices were recorded for each patient. First, a patient's teeth were stained with a disclosing agent. Patients in the trial group underwent oral hygiene instruction immediately after the first recording was completed. The plaque and gingival indices were again recorded on two subsequent visits at intervals of 3 weeks, and intensive oral hygiene instruction was again given to patients in the trial group. In the control group, a patient's teeth were stained, and the plaque and gingival indices were recorded, but no oral hygiene instruction was given to those patients. Paired t-test was used to analyze differences in the plaque and gingival indices between the trial and control groups. We found that both the plaque and gingival index scores were significantly lower during the test period for the trial group than for the control group. We concluded that oral hygiene instruction can lead to the efficient control of dental plaque accumulation in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]