Search

Objective: To evaluate the oral health status and treatment needs of children with congenital and acquired heart disease. Methods: This descriptive study included 301 children aged 5–14 from June 2022 to June 2023. Heart conditions were classified by congenital/acquired status and severity. The children's sociodemographic characteristics, medical and dental history, tooth brushing habits, and non-nutritional habits (bruxism, nail-biting, thumb-sucking, etc.) were evaluated. Oral health assessments including caries, oral hygiene, enamel defects, and dental treatment needs-related indices were recorded. Results: The mean age was 8.95 ± 2.91 years, and 271 (90%) of the children had congenital heart disease. The children with moderate and severe heart disease had significantly higher decayed/missing/filled surfaces (dmfs) (p = 0.038) and pulp exposure (p = 0.015) compared to the children with mild heart disease. According to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) index, which included initial caries lesions, there were no caries-free children and 75.7% had extensive caries. The mean plaque index and gingival index were found to be 1.18 ± 0.38 and 0.69 ± 0.53, respectively. Enamel defects were observed in 15.9%. The Treatment Needs Index (TNI) was 85.8% for the primary teeth and 88.9% for the permanent teeth. The Care Index (CI) was 12.4% for the primary teeth and 10.8% for the permanent teeth. Conclusions: Children with congenital and acquired heart disease exhibit a high prevalence of untreated dental caries, gingivitis, and plaque accumulation, with a high need for dental treatments. Dentists should prioritize addressing these issues to prevent the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) and improve oral health outcomes in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims. “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2) is the name of the etiological agent of the pandemic Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) which was declared on March 11, 2020 by the WHO and which affected all countries of the world, including Romania. Our study aimed to evaluate the psycho-affective implications and economic consequences for dentists in Romania during the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) pandemic state of emergency and their opinion on the patients’ oral health impact. Methods. A cross-sectional observational and analytical study based on a questionnaire was conducted. Dentists who work in Romania affiliated in 2020 to the Romanian College of Dental Practitioners was the target population. Results. Three hundred and seventy-three dentists participated in this survey. The age of the respondents ranged from 24 to 70. Men and women have the same expectation regarding the lockdown effect of worsening the oral health of the general population (worst, 79.5% of women and 81.3% of men, P=0.8842). Conclusions. The anxiety regarding the bank rates, supplementary investments, risk of COVID-19 infection and exposure to COVID-19 related mass-media information proved to be significantly higher among young dentists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Children's appearance, quality of life, food intake, and growth and development are all affected by oral disorders. To ensure long-term dental health and hygiene, good oral hygiene practices must begin at a young age. To assess the oral health status among 12 and 15 years old urban and rural school going children of Madhurawada Town, Vishakhapatnam. Material and Methods: Multistage cluster sampling was used. The clinical examination of each subject was done at schools in Madhurawada Town, Visakhapatnam district with the WHO Oral health assessment form 2013. The total sample size calculate was 1700. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software version 21.0. Descriptive and Paired t test and chi-square test were used. Results: Out of 1700 study participants, 850 are from rural and 850 are from urban area. The value of mean DMFT was 2.27±1.17, 1.85±1.71 among 12 years old age from rural and urban area respectively. Mean DMFT value was 1.85±1.54, 1.67±1.58 in 15 years old from rural and urban area. The mean bleeding on probing is 39.2%, 42.8% in 12 years old 77.6%, 56.2% in 15 years old age group from rural and urban areas respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the prevalence of oral disease was higher in children from rural areas than in children from urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate oral health care practices, health status, and dental treatment needs in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 96 children diagnosed with ASD per the DSM-V criteria and 96 typically developing healthy children. The WHO form assessed oral health status and dental treatment needs. Results: Over 50 % of ASD children had mild/moderate autism, 35.4 % had severe autism, and 13.5 % had autistic traits. ASD children experienced more toothbrushing difficulties compared to non-ASD children. Based on Nyvad's criteria and decayed/filled teeth (dft) index, non-ASD children had higher caries prevalence than ASD children, indicating less need for restorative treatments in the ASD group. However, ASD children had poorer plaque scores than non-ASD children. A significantly higher percentage of ASD children exhibited harmful oral behaviors, including mouth breathing, lip biting, bruxism, nail biting, object biting, and self-injury (p

Background and Objectives: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Providing oral health care facilities and creating awareness about the oral health problem in under-served children and communities may lead to a better oral-health-related quality of life of the individual. The present study aims to assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare hostels and other private hostels of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of a total sample size of 800 children, 400 in each group (tribal welfare hostel and private hostel groups). Oral health status and treatment needs were assessed using World Health Organization proforma 1997. Oral health behavior including health of teeth and gums, oral hygiene aids, brushing frequency, consumption of sweets in between meals, and present general and oral health was assessed. Utilization of dental services was also assessed using a pre-designed questionnaire, which was completed by the study participants. Results: Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. Significant differences were noted between the groups in regarding oral health behaviors and visit to a dentist during the past 12 months (P = 0.002*), which were lower in tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children (P = 0.043*). Decay in permanent teeth (P = 0.006*) and missing of permanent teeth (P = 0.05*) were higher among tribal children. Conclusion: The present study revealed a poor oral health status and treatment needs of tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children. Decay in permanent teeth and missing of permanent teeth were higher among tribal children. Oral health behaviors and utilization of dental services were lower in tribal children. Good oral health has a definitive influence on general health and thus contributes to self-image and social interaction.

IntroductionAn increase in the trend of rapid industrialization has resulted in the mushrooming of industries in various sectors throughout the world. This study tries to document caries prevalence among thermal power station workers in South India. Materials and MethodsA pilot study was conducted among 53 thermal power station workers, and based on the same, the sample size was calculated. ResultsThe caries prevalence was 62.5% in thermal power station I workers and 61.5% in thermal power station II workers. The mean DMFT was 2.96 among thermal power station I workers and 2.87 among thermal power station II workers. ConclusionThe caries prevalence was 79.2% in the 35- to 44-year-old age group, according to the National Oral Health Survey and Fluoride Mapping.

Kanikkaran are semi-nomadic tribes inhabiting Mundandhurai hills in Tamil Nadu. Their traditional method of maintaining oral health, seclusion, ignorance, and limited access to dental resources has led to their poor oral health situation. Thus, the present study is designed to assess the oral health status of the Kanikkaran tribals residing in Mundandhurai Hill of Tirunelveli district. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 907 Kanikkaran tribes in Mundandhurai hills. Mundandhurai Hills in Ambasamudram taluk of Tirunelveli district was selected by convenience method. World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form and its self–oral health assessment form (2013) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS version 23.0. There is a significant negative moderate correlation between age and dental caries (r = −0.752). There is a significantly high risk among tribes with the primary school of education and agriculture as an occupation for periodontal disease (OR = 3.48), premalignant lesion (OR = 2.52), and non-carious dental lesions (OR = 3.14). Males with primary school education and agriculture as occupation had a significantly higher consumption of sugar and use of tobacco (p < 0.05). Primary school of education with agriculture/labor as occupation had a high prevalence of DMFT, periodontitis, premalignant, and non-carious dental lesions. The results of the present study punctuate the necessity of raising awareness of the significance of good oral health through education and implementation of necessary dental services in Kanikkaran tribes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observational studies cannot accurately infer the causal associations between oral health status and psychiatric disorders. We conducted univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with eight oral health statuses (periodontitis, DMFS, Nteeth, toothache, loose teeth, painful gums, bleeding gums, and mouth ulcers) and four psychiatric disorders (Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), anxiety and stress-related disorder (ASRD), and Bipolar Disorder (BIP)) as instrumental variables. Genetic data were sourced from the Gene-lifestyle interactions in dental endpoints (GLIDE), UK Biobank, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), and Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) approach, supported by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, was employed. Genetically predicted mouth ulcers were significantly linked to higher MDD (OR = 2.17, 95 % CI: 1.33‐–3.54, P < 0.01) and BIP risks (OR = 2.25, 95 % CI: 1.22–4.15, P = 0.01). BIP heightened bleeding gums risk (OR = 1.01, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.01, P < 0.01). These associations were adjusted for smoking status and alcohol consumption. Painful gums were significantly associated with MDD risk (OR = 96.48, 95 % CI: 2.66–3495.28, P = 0.01), while MDD raised periodontitis risk (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI: 1.24–3.75, P = 0.01), both confounded by smoking and alcohol. Relatively small effects between several variables, while others could not withstand correction for multiple tests. The sample size and limitation to European populations limits the study generalizability. This study provide evidence of possible causal relationships between several oral health conditions and mental illness. Focusing on oral health and valuing mental health are important for each other and overall health. • This is the first MR study to assess the causality between multiple oral health conditions and mental disorders. • It provides some support for the prevention and treatment of oral and psychiatric disorders. • It provides new information for the study of the mechanisms of the oral-brain axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status, oral health behaviours and oral healthcare utilization among Indian migrants living in the Netherlands and how they compare with the host population. Based on a random sample from Dutch municipalities, cross-sectional data were obtained for the Indian migrants living in the Netherlands (n = 148) and the host population (n = 244). A questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic, self-reported oral health status, oral health behaviours and oral healthcare utilization. The distribution of self-reported oral health variables for both groups were tabulated and compared using logistic, ordinal and multinomial regression analysis. When adjusted for covariates such as age, gender, marital status, education, income, occupation and dental insurance, regression analysis for oral health status showed that the odds of reporting oral impact on daily performances (OIDP) was 5.87 times higher for Indians compared to the host population (95%CI:3.45;9.65). In contrast, the odds of Indians reporting bleeding gums [OR = 0.44 (95%CI:0.27;0.73)] and diagnosed with gum diseases [OR = 0.23(95%CI:0.13;0.39)] were lower than the host population. Also, the odds of consuming alcohol and cakes or chocolates was significantly lower among Indian migrants compared to the host population [(OR = 0.15(95%CI:0.09;0.25)] and [OR = 0.33(95%CI:0.21;0.52)], respectively. But the odds of consuming sugar in hot beverages were significantly higher among Indians [OR = 10.44(95%CI:5.99;18.19)]. The odds of Indians visiting a dental professional were 9.22 times (95%CI:4.62;18.40) lower compared to the host population. We found that oral health status and behaviours among Indian migrants were different in certain aspects compared to the host population. However, their oral healthcare utilization remained overall lower. The underlying determinants for such observations merit further research. Migrant friendly approach from both the dental professionals and policy makers can encourage dental visits and improve the utilization patterns among Indians migrants in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Providing oral health care facilities and creating awareness about the oral health problem in under-served children and communities may lead to a better oral-health-related quality of life of the individual. The present study aims to assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare hostels and other private hostels of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of a total sample size of 800 children, 400 in each group (tribal welfare hostel and private hostel groups). Oral health status and treatment needs were assessed using World Health Organization proforma 1997. Oral health behavior including health of teeth and gums, oral hygiene aids, brushing frequency, consumption of sweets in between meals, and present general and oral health was assessed. Utilization of dental services was also assessed using a pre-designed questionnaire, which was completed by the study participants. Results: Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. Significant differences were noted between the groups in regarding oral health behaviors and visit to a dentist during the past 12 months (P = 0.002*), which were lower in tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children (P = 0.043*). Decay in permanent teeth (P = 0.006*) and missing of permanent teeth (P = 0.05*) were higher among tribal children. Conclusion: The present study revealed a poor oral health status and treatment needs of tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children. Decay in permanent teeth and missing of permanent teeth were higher among tribal children. Oral health behaviors and utilization of dental services were lower in tribal children. Good oral health has a definitive influence on general health and thus contributes to self-image and social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study in Gran Canaria assessed the oral health of 53 children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 106 without ADHD, aged 6 to 16 years. Clinical data on dental caries, conservative treatments, and periodontal health were recorded. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children with ADHD and how their habits and behaviors contribute to their oral health status. The results showed that children with ADHD had a significant increase in dental caries, conservative treatments, and gingival bleeding. A connection with diet was found, though it did not have a negative impact. No increase in periodontal index was observed, and no significant relationship with diet, family factors, or breastfeeding was found. The evidence suggests that children with ADHD should undergo frequent dental check-ups to monitor oral health and receive education on the importance of the quality and frequency of tooth brushing. These findings highlight the need to address oral health in children with ADHD and the necessity for adequate dental care in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occupational stressors has an effect on overall health and dental health. Oral health is a vital aspect of general health. The current study was performed to assess the periodontitis among thermal power station workers in South India. Pilot study was done for 52 mine workers and based on the periodontal disease prevalence among them, the sample size was calculated as 603 subjects. The data collection was done using WHO 1997 proforma. Among the total study population, about 92 (30%) thermal power station 1 workers and 83 (28.1%) thermal power station 2 workers had pocket 4-5 mm, one (0.2%) thermal power station, 2 worker had pocket 6 mm or more thermal power station I workers, and 23 (7.8%) thermal power station 2 workers had 6 – 8 mm attachment loss. Only 1 (0.3%) thermal power station I worker had 9 – 11 mm attachment loss. In the current study, nearly 70% mine workers had calculus, nearly 30% had pocket 4-5 mm, and only 0.2% Mine II workers had pocket measuring 6 mm or more.

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) such as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis have been shown to have a high rate of transformation to oral cancer. Although many studies have already been done on the risk factors of OPMDs and oral cancer, there are only a few literature on oral health status of patients suffering from OPMDs in Indian scenario. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of patients with OPMDs. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out at the Department of Oncology, Rajarajeswhwari Medical college and hospital and Outpatient Department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital in Bengaluru after obtaining required permission from the concerned authorities and due ethical clearance. Clinical examination was conducted using the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form for Adults, 2013. Results: Majority of the participants were males, with an age range of 21–75 years, and majority were suffering from leukoplakia (49.9%). Decayed, missing, and filled tooth component was statistically significant (P < 0.05) when comparing mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth scores between age, gender, and socioeconomic status. The highest CPI score (score of 2) was found highest in participants (32.47%) with leukoplakia. Regarding the treatment needs, about 94.5% of the participants needed prompt treatment (including scaling). Conclusion: Results revealed that the oral health status of participants with OPMD was average. The CPI score (periodontal status) was high in most participants with OPMD, with the maximum score of 2 found in a large number of participants.

Background Restricted activity days are prevalent in children with oral health problems. Oral health issues cause over 50 billion hours of education to be lost each year, which has an impact on children’s school performance and the potential for success. Mostly it is concluded that dental caries is the most common disease among individuals. In addition, it may create chronic systemic conditions in healthy individuals. In children, it may induce deformities in the growth of the unerupted teeth. This study will help identify the factors and causes of risk factors for morbidities associated with dental problems. It also includes the educational status and socioeconomic condition of their parents, which is conducted in the Wardha district of Maharashtra in the field practice of villages among children. Aim To Assess dental morbidity among schoolchildren in rural areas and their relationship with their socioeconomic status in rural areas of Wardha District. Methodology A questionnaire-based face-to-face interview was conducted in this community-based cross-sectional study to assess dental morbidity in school-going children. The study participants will be children aged 6–10 years in the rural areas of the Wardha district. The variables of this study were the sociodemographic profile, habits, and morbidities of the children.

(1) Background: Childhood obesity and dental caries are common chronic conditions with multiple contributing factors, linked to negative health consequences and significant expenses in healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between obesity and dental caries in school-aged children; (2) Methods: Data from 3323 6–12-year-old children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016 were analyzed. The NHANES was conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. The CDC standard was used to define obesity. Dental caries was measured during clinical examinations and summarized using DMFT scores for caries experience and prevalence (dt > 0) for untreated caries. The study examined the correlation between obesity and dental caries using regression models that considered demographic variables, family socioeconomic status, and the child's intake of added sugars as controlling factors; (3) Results: The association between obesity and dental caries was not significant in either unadjusted or adjusted models; and (4) Conclusion: The data indicate that untreated caries and caries experiences are not directly correlated with childhood obesity. There are, however, common causes of poor dental health and childhood obesity: culture, poverty level, lifestyle, and family traditions and habits. Dentists must be aware of factors influencing the development of childhood caries so that they can intervene as early as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children and young people (CYP) in care experience poorer physical health and overall wellbeing in comparison to their peers. Despite this, relatively little is known about what their oral health needs and behaviours are. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a global perspective on the oral health status and behaviours of CYP in care and care leavers. It also aimed to synthesise interventions that have been trialled in this population to improve oral health. Methods: Five databases were searched, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), SocINDEX (EBSCOhost) and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (EBSCOhost), alongside grey literature sources up to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were studies that (i) reported on children and adolescents aged 25 years or younger who are currently in formal/informal foster or residential care and care leavers, (ii) pertained to oral health profile, behaviours or oral health promotion interventions (iii) and were published in the English language. Thematic analysis was used to develop the domains for oral health behaviours and interventions. Results: Seventy-one papers were included. Most papers were published from very high or medium Human Development Index countries. CYP in care were found to experience high levels of decay, dental trauma, periodontal disease and poorer oral health-related quality of life. Oral health behaviours included limited oral health self-care behaviours and a lack of oral health-based knowledge. The trialled interventions involved oral health education, supervised brushing and treatment or preventative dental care. Conclusions: This scoping review reveals that CYP in care experience poorer oral health in comparison to their peers. They are also less likely to carry out oral health self-care behaviours. This review highlights a scarcity of interventions to improve the oral health of this population and a paucity of evidence surrounding the oral health needs of care leavers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address the research questions of whether individual's oral health status is associated with subjective well-being, as well as if there is possible moderating role of self-rated oral health among two groups of Chinese older adults (≥55 years old) in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi and Taichung, Taiwan. Using survey data collected in 2018 (N = 430, Honolulu) and in 2017 (N = 645, Taichung), ordinary least square regressions were applied. Results showed that, for both samples, oral health status was negatively and significantly associated with subjective well-being, and both associations were moderated by self-rated oral health. In addition, the moderating effects were more salient for the Honolulu sample, who enjoyed higher levels of self-rated oral health and life satisfaction. These results suggest the significant associations of both oral health status and self-rated oral health on individual health and well-being for Chinese older adults residing in different cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a type of neurological development disease marked by difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive behaviour. Sensory hypersensitivity to visual, auditory, olfactory, or gustatory stimuli has been linked to dental care issues in children with ASD. The purpose of this research is to assess the oral health and brushing behaviours of children with Autism. Methods: In this study, 70 autistic children aged 3 to 9 years were chosen. The study was conducted into two parts: Questionnaire Survey & Oral Examination. The Questionnaire consisted of two components. The first component dealt with children's brushing practises and oral health, while the second dealt with eating patterns and previous dental appointments. An oral examination was performed to determine the presence of dental caries. Results: All the collected data is tabulated in MS-Excel. This data was transformed into SPSS 20.0 software for analysis. The frequency distribution was used to test frequencies of this study whereas association between study variables and types of brushing was done by using chi-square test. It was considered that p<0.05 at 95% CI. It was observed that children with autism using powered toothbrush showed lower caries incidence as compared to children using manual toothbrush. Conclusions: Children with Autism need more supervised oral care & as the parental awareness is increasing though multi-disciplinary approaches there has been an improvement in oral health status due to less cariogenic diet and use of electric tooth brushes. For such special needs children, dental practitioners must highlight the need of frequent dental appointments and preventative measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) such as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis have been shown to have a high rate of transformation to oral cancer. Although many studies have already been done on the risk factors of OPMDs and oral cancer, there are only a few literature on oral health status of patients suffering from OPMDs in Indian scenario. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of patients with OPMDs. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out at the Department of Oncology, Rajarajeswhwari Medical college and hospital and Outpatient Department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital in Bengaluru after obtaining required permission from the concerned authorities and due ethical clearance. Clinical examination was conducted using the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form for Adults, 2013. Results: Majority of the participants were males, with an age range of 21--75 years, and majority were suffering from leukoplakia (49.9%). Decayed, missing, and filled tooth component was statistically significant (P < 0.05) when comparing mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth scores between age, gender, and socioeconomic status. The highest CPI score (score of 2) was found highest in participants (32.47%) with leukoplakia. Regarding the treatment needs, about 94.5% of the participants needed prompt treatment (including scaling). Conclusion: Results revealed that the oral health status of participants with OPMD was average. The CPI score (periodontal status) was high in most participants with OPMD, with the maximum score of 2 found in a large number of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall prevalence of dental caries among individuals aged 3 to 75 years in India is approximately 54.16% and the burden is ever increasing. This cross-sectional study aimed at mapping oral health status among government school children in Mumbai. The study focused on identifying the prevalence of dental caries and tobacco consumption among students. The study involved 94 randomly selected schools, focusing on healthy 9th and 10th-grade students in M.C.G.M-run schools. A closeended questionnaire assessed demographics, oral hygiene practices, and tobacco use, followed by oral examinations for dental caries and hygiene status, with subsequent oral health education provided to all students. A high prevalence of dental caries (62.6%) and tobacco use (5.1%) was observed among 14-16-year-old students, emphasizing the urgent need for habit interception and oral health education. To progress, Indian health systems must collaborate to promote oral healthcare for all children, with a focus on disease prevention, especially among disadvantaged backgrounds and those with special healthcare needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diyala Journal of Medicine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Diabetes is a long-lasting, inflammation-related metabolic disorder which is diagnosed by hyperglycemia. Increased blood glucose level adversely impacts the inflammatory response to periodontium leading to more severe gingivitis and periodontitis. Therefore, periodontitis and diabetes reciprocally and adversely affect each other. Objective: To assess and compare the oral health condition of Diabetic and non-Diabetic periodontitis patients. Method: A non-experimental case control study was conducted among 100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic periodontitis patients. The control group was matched by age and gender. The study was conducted for a period of ten months. A cheek list was prepared to generate the caries and CPITN index (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) index. Result: The prevalence of dental caries scored at least one was relatively more in non-diabetics (88%) than in diabetics (65%). However, the periodontal diseases (pyorrhea) prevalence was more in diabetic periodontitis patients (97%) in compared to non-diabetics (53%). The odds ratio for CPITN Index indicated that the periodontitis patients who had diabetes were about 111.6 times (OR = 111.6, 95% CI 14.9- 832.02) more likely to have sub- gingival pocket more than 6mm in depth. Conclusion: Diabetes is an important health care problem. The evidence suggests that oral health care providers can have a significant, effective and positive effect on the oral and general health of patients with diabetes mellitus. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):10-14

Abstract Background Visual impairment affects a significant population globally. The aim of this study was to determine the oral health status and oral hygiene practices among visually impaired adolescents from a school in Kenya. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 159 adolescents aged 10–19 years attending the largest public primary boarding school for the blind in Kenya. A questionnaire was used to record participants’ socio-demographic variables and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was undertaken to assess oral health status which consisted of oral hygiene, gingival health, and dental caries. Bivariate analyses were conducted to compare dental health outcomes across socio-demographic characteristics. Results There were 69 (43.4%) and 90 (56.6%) participants in Category I and II visual impairment respectively, 85 (53.5%) were male and 74 (46.5%) were female. Study participants were divided into three age categories: 10–12 years 48 (30.2%), 13–15 years 67 (42.1%), and 16- 19 years 44 (27.7%), with an overall mean age of 13.9 ± 2.3. All participants brushed their teeth, majority 107 (67.3%) brushed two or more times daily. Only 66 (41.5%) of the participants replaced their toothbrushes at 3 months. Sex (p =

Abstract Background Within 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing interest has been given to its potential influence on health status due to lockdowns caused by the pandemic. However, the impact is inadequately understood, especially for college students. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between psychological stress, anxiety and oral health of college students during the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online survey with measurements of psychological stress, anxiety and oral health was completed by 1770 Chinese college students. The Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to measure psychological stress and anxiety, respectively. Oral health status was self-reported including toothache, gingival bleeding, and oral ulcer. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine underlying associations for outcome variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to confirm the relationship between mental and oral health status. Results Of the 1770 subjects, 39.2% presented high psychological stress and only 41.2% expressed no anxiety. A significant association was found between psychological stress, anxiety and oral health status. Anxiety has significant impacts on toothache (OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.23–0.55; p

Abstract Background Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is an important measure of patients’ needs and progress. Identifying the links between clinical and non-clinical factors with OHRQoL in a specific population will facilitate the development of effective preventive strategies. The aim of the study was to assess the OHRQoL of Sudanese older adults, and to identify the possible relations between clinical and non-clinical predictors with OHRQoL using Wilson and Cleary model. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults attending the out-patient clinics in Khartoum State’s Health Care Centers, Sudan. OHRQoL was assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Two modifications of Wilson and Cleary’s conceptual model were tested using structural equations modeling including: oral health status, symptom status, perceived difficulty of chewing, oral health perceptions, and OHRQoL. Results 249 older adults participated in the study. Their mean age was 68.24 (± 6.7) years. The mean GOHAI score was 53.96 (± 6.31) and trouble biting/chewing was the most commonly reported negative impact. Wilson and Cleary models showed that pain, Perceived Difficulty Chewing (PDC), and Perceived Oral Health had a direct effect on OHRQoL. In model 1, age and gender had direct effects on oral health status, while education had direct effects on OHRQoL. In model 2, poor oral health status is associated indirectly with poor OHRQoL. Conclusions The OHRQoL of the studied Sudanese older adults was relatively good. The study partially confirmed Wilson and Cleary model as Oral Health Status was related directly to PDC and indirectly to OHRQoL through functional status.

Background: Visual impairment affects a significant population globally. The aim of this study was to determine the oral health status and oral hygiene practices among visually impaired adolescents from a school in Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 159 adolescents aged 10–19 years attending the largest public primary boarding school for the blind in Kenya. A questionnaire was used to record participants' socio-demographic variables and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was undertaken to assess oral health status which consisted of oral hygiene, gingival health, and dental caries. Bivariate analyses were conducted to compare dental health outcomes across socio-demographic characteristics. Results: There were 69 (43.4%) and 90 (56.6%) participants in Category I and II visual impairment respectively, 85 (53.5%) were male and 74 (46.5%) were female. Study participants were divided into three age categories: 10–12 years 48 (30.2%), 13–15 years 67 (42.1%), and 16- 19 years 44 (27.7%), with an overall mean age of 13.9 ± 2.3. All participants brushed their teeth, majority 107 (67.3%) brushed two or more times daily. Only 66 (41.5%) of the participants replaced their toothbrushes at 3 months. Sex (p =< 0.001) and age (p = 0.04) influenced frequency of toothbrush replacement. The average plaque score and gingival score index was 0.95 ± 0.45 and 0.28 ± 0.25 respectively, with gingivitis prevalence of 88.1%. Overall dental caries prevalence was 44.7%, [42.1%)] permanent dentition and [8.2%] deciduous dentition. Mean DMFT and dmft were 0.44 ± 0.60 and 0.12 ± 0.32 respectively. DMFT had a statistically significant association with sex (t = 1.82, p = 0.03). Oral hygiene practices did not influence oral hygiene and dental caries status. However, a statistically significant association was reported between frequency of toothbrush replacement and gingival score index ("p" =< 0.001). Conclusions: The study reported general good oral hygiene, prevalent gingivitis 140 (88.1%), and almost half of the study population affected by dental caries 71 (44.7%). Most participants were unaware of using fluoridated toothpaste and of needing to change toothbrushes within 3 months. Frequency of toothbrush replacement was reported to influence gingival score index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim is to assess dysfunctional Internet behavior patterns and their influence on oral health status among adolescents. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and conducted among college-going adolescents in the Coimbatore district. The estimated sample size was 196. This sample was drawn from across the city through a simple random sampling methodology. Data were collected on a specially designed pro forma, which contained three parts. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive analysis was carried out. The Chi-square test was used to test statistical significance. Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with risk at Internet Addiction Test in the study population was carried out. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a difference in the proportion of oral hygiene index scores (χ2 = 52.06), plaque index scores, and gingival index scores across Internet Addiction Tests and were statistically significant (P < 0.05), whereas the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth index scores across Internet Addiction Test was statistically not significant (P = 0.54). Univariate regression analysis revealed that compared to good oral hygiene, the odds of risk at the Internet Addiction Test was 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8–8.7) times in fair and the association was statistically not significant (P > 0.05). The odds of risk at Internet Addiction Test in poor oral hygiene was 15.5 (95% CI = 4.16–58.11) times, and the association was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results have indicated that the time spent on the Internet, which is otherwise labeled as "Addiction" in adolescents, is related to the risk of oral health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There are very few studies about the oral health status of juvenile inmates. This study aimed to determine past dental attendance, medicament usage, and smoking habits, besides oro-dental status, including caries prevalence and periodontal health status of juvenile inmates in detention centers. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 juvenile male inmates (meanage: 16.65±0.91) in a detention center in Istanbul-Turkey. After taking general demographic information, the subjects were clinically examined according to WHO criteria. In addition, the Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded at Ramfjord teeth to evaluate periodontal status. All data were statistically analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 programme, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and One-way ANOVA test. Results: Average length of stay was 6.54±8.38 months. 44.4% of inmates have never visited a dentist. The mean DMF-T, PI, and GI scores of the subjects were 6.78±4.07, 1.18±0.55, and 1.13±0.47, respectively. In addition, 80.2% of inmates smoked before being taken to the detention center. Conclusion: This study indicated that the oral health of detained inmates was poor. Prison health services should not be isolated but integrated into national and regional health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychological factors on oral health status and oral health‐related quality of life in Myanmar adults. Methods: Data were from a convenience sample of Myanmar adults who are from a township health center in Yangon city. Face‐to‐face interviews using a paper‐based questionnaire in the Myanmar language and clinical oral examinations were performed at the health center. Mann–Whitney U test and linear regressions were used to assess the association of socio‐demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables with oral health outcomes. Results: In socio‐demographic variables, significant associations were observed in individual income with periodontal pocket and OHIP‐14, and history of COVID‐19 infection with OHIP‐14. However, there were no associations between behavioral factors and oral health outcomes. After adjustment for sex, age, educational level, and individual income, the depression subscale was statistically significant with the number of present teeth, decayed teeth, decayed, missing, and filled teeth, and OHIP‐14. The anxiety subscale remained significant with periodontal pocket, but no stress subscale was associated with oral health outcomes. Conclusion: The experiences of oral health status were high, and the oral health‐related quality of life was unfavorable in Myanmar adults. A large proportion of them suffers from psychological distress. Additionally, individuals with lower income and who experienced a history of COVID‐19 infection were susceptible to poor oral health‐related quality of life. Psychological distress indicates a higher risk for oral health problems in Myanmar adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study in Gran Canaria assessed the oral health of 53 children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 106 without ADHD, aged 6 to 16 years. Clinical data on dental caries, conservative treatments, and periodontal health were recorded. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children with ADHD and how their habits and behaviors contribute to their oral health status. The results showed that children with ADHD had a significant increase in dental caries, conservative treatments, and gingival bleeding. A connection with diet was found, though it did not have a negative impact. No increase in periodontal index was observed, and no significant relationship with diet, family factors, or breastfeeding was found. The evidence suggests that children with ADHD should undergo frequent dental check-ups to monitor oral health and receive education on the importance of the quality and frequency of tooth brushing. These findings highlight the need to address oral health in children with ADHD and the necessity for adequate dental care in this group.

Background: Within 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing interest has been given to its potential influence on health status due to lockdowns caused by the pandemic. However, the impact is inadequately understood, especially for college students. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between psychological stress, anxiety and oral health of college students during the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online survey with measurements of psychological stress, anxiety and oral health was completed by 1770 Chinese college students. The Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to measure psychological stress and anxiety, respectively. Oral health status was self-reported including toothache, gingival bleeding, and oral ulcer. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine underlying associations for outcome variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to confirm the relationship between mental and oral health status. Results: Of the 1770 subjects, 39.2% presented high psychological stress and only 41.2% expressed no anxiety. A significant association was found between psychological stress, anxiety and oral health status. Anxiety has significant impacts on toothache (OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.23–0.55; p < 0.01), gingival bleeding (OR = 0.43; 95%CI: 0.29–0.65; p < 0.01), and oral ulcer (OR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.36–0.80; p < 0.01). Anxiety significantly mediated the association between psychological stress and self-reported oral symptoms. Conclusions: Anxiety may be a significant risk indicator for mental health among college students and demonstrates a significant relationship with the occurrence of self-reported oral symptoms. Concerns about academic and life changes caused by the pandemic were the two most significant sources of stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental caries is the most widespread noncommunicable disease, which needs immediate attention. Globally, it has been estimated that around 60%-90% of school children are affected with dental caries. These carious teeth can be prevented by simple, cost-effective interventions at the individual and community levels. Various studies reported the role of oral hygiene practices particularly the frequency of brushing of teeth in improving oral health status with varying success. Hence, this meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the effect of oral hygiene practices particularly the frequency of brushing in preventing dental caries in children. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2022. Hand-searching was performed for relevant journals. Reference articles including children from 3 to 5 years old were retrieved and exported to Mendeley Desktop 1.13.3 software. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cross-sectional studies. Articles were further analyzed using Open Meta-Analyst. Results: The studies included in qualitative synthesis were 27 and 7 were included in meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of dental caries among children who brushed once a day and twice a day was 48.7% and 36.6%, respectively. The odds of having dental caries in children who brushed their teeth oncea day was found 1.58 times higher than in those who brushed their teeth twice a day. The absolute reduction in dental caries was 11.3% among those who brushed their teeth twice a day than those who did it once a day (95% confidence interval: 3.2%-19.5%, I² = 79.59%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Brushing twice a day after 3 years of birth can lead to the prevention of dental caries at the individual and community level. Hence, tooth brushing twice a day can act as major preventive program and one should teach the children when they are young and provided supervised tooth brushing to prevent dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is unclear how well self-rated oral health (SROH) reflects actual oral health status in the rural Australian population. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the clinically assessed oral health status and SROH of adults living in rural Australia. The data were from 574 participants who took part in the Crossroads II cross-sectional study. Three trained and calibrated dentists evaluated the oral health status of participants based on WHO criteria. SROH was assessed with the question 'Overall, how would you rate the health of your teeth and gums?', with a score ranging from excellent = 5 to poor = 1. A logistic regression analysis (LRA) was performed, allowing us to assess factors associated with SROH. The mean age of participants was 59.2 years (SD 16.3), and 55.3% were female. The key results from the LRA show poorer SROH in those with more missing teeth (OR = 1.05; 95% CI; 1.01–1.08), more decayed teeth (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11–1.46), and more significant clinical attachment loss of periodontal tissue (6mm or more) (OR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.29–5.38). This study found an association between negative SROH and clinical indicators used to measure poor oral health status, suggesting that self-rated oral health is an indicator of oral health status. When planning dental healthcare programs, self-reported oral health should be considered a proxy measure for oral health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is an important measure of patients' needs and progress. Identifying the links between clinical and non-clinical factors with OHRQoL in a specific population will facilitate the development of effective preventive strategies. The aim of the study was to assess the OHRQoL of Sudanese older adults, and to identify the possible relations between clinical and non-clinical predictors with OHRQoL using Wilson and Cleary model. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults attending the out-patient clinics in Khartoum State's Health Care Centers, Sudan. OHRQoL was assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Two modifications of Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model were tested using structural equations modeling including: oral health status, symptom status, perceived difficulty of chewing, oral health perceptions, and OHRQoL. Results: 249 older adults participated in the study. Their mean age was 68.24 (± 6.7) years. The mean GOHAI score was 53.96 (± 6.31) and trouble biting/chewing was the most commonly reported negative impact. Wilson and Cleary models showed that pain, Perceived Difficulty Chewing (PDC), and Perceived Oral Health had a direct effect on OHRQoL. In model 1, age and gender had direct effects on oral health status, while education had direct effects on OHRQoL. In model 2, poor oral health status is associated indirectly with poor OHRQoL. Conclusions: The OHRQoL of the studied Sudanese older adults was relatively good. The study partially confirmed Wilson and Cleary model as Oral Health Status was related directly to PDC and indirectly to OHRQoL through functional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To map the literature on subjective and objective oral health indicators and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in older adults receiving home health care services (HHCS). Background: The proportion of older adults in need of HHCS will increase in the coming years. Previous studies indicate that frail and dependent older adults are at increased risk for oral diseases, due to challenges with daily oral hygiene and regular access to dental services. Materials and methods: Four databases were searched in November 2020 for relevant literature. Search terms included a comprehensive list of terms for adults 65 years or older receiving HHCS, clinical and subjective oral health indicators, and OHRQoL. The literature was reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 3114 sources identified, 18 were included. Data on oral diseases and symptoms among older adults receiving HHCS were limited and heterogeneous. Overall, older adults often lacked some of their natural teeth and often had removable dentures that needed repair. In addition, plaque, caries, xerostomia, and chewing and swallowing problems were common among the population group. Data on OHRQoL were scarce and indicated a positive association with a higher number of present teeth, while decayed teeth, root remnants, and dry mouth had substantial negative impacts on the daily activities of older adults receiving HHCS. Conclusion: This scoping review show that older adults above 65 years receiving HHCS generally have poor oral health status and that there is a knowledge gap regarding their OHRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental caries is the most widespread noncommunicable disease, which needs immediate attention. Globally, it has been estimated that around 60%–90% of school children are affected with dental caries. These carious teeth can be prevented by simple, cost-effective interventions at the individual and community levels. Various studies reported the role of oral hygiene practices particularly the frequency of brushing of teeth in improving oral health status with varying success. Hence, this meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the effect of oral hygiene practices particularly the frequency of brushing in preventing dental caries in children. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2022. Hand-searching was performed for relevant journals. Reference articles including children from 3 to 5 years old were retrieved and exported to Mendeley Desktop 1.13.3 software. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cross-sectional studies. Articles were further analyzed using Open Meta-Analyst. Results: The studies included in qualitative synthesis were 27 and 7 were included in meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of dental caries among children who brushed once a day and twice a day was 48.7% and 36.6%, respectively. The odds of having dental caries in children who brushed their teeth oncea day was found 1.58 times higher than in those who brushed their teeth twice a day. The absolute reduction in dental caries was 11.3% among those who brushed their teeth twice a day than those who did it once a day (95% confidence interval: 3.2%–19.5%, I2 = 79.59%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Brushing twice a day after 3 years of birth can lead to the prevention of dental caries at the individual and community level. Hence, tooth brushing twice a day can act as major preventive program and one should teach the children when they are young and provided supervised tooth brushing to prevent dental caries.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence oral health status among the general population residing in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public of index age groups to analyze the oral health status in the Kanyakumari district. A total number of 400 samples were selected and were equally divided among urban (200 samples) and rural areas (200 samples). The samples were further divided randomly based on the index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years using the multistage random sampling method. The data regarding oral health status was recorded using the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 and 1997. Collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-squared test. Results: The prevalence of periodontal diseases (88.75%) was found to be highest in Kanyakumari district, followed by dental caries (63.7%) and malocclusion (63.1%). There was a statistically significant difference found between oral health status and index age groups. Conclusion: Oral disorders such as dental caries, periodontitis, and dental fluorosis are more prevalent among the Kanyakumari district population. Oral health policies should be targeted to the populations in the Tamil Nadu region.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by periodic and repetitive partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in reduced ventilation (hypopnea) or absent ventilation (apnea).Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 adult OSA patients attending hospitals of Jodhpur and the dental clinic in Vyas Dental College and Hospital in Jodhpur city. The sample consisted of 65.0% males and 35.0% females, belonging to 18 years ≥60 years of age with a mean age of 47.61 ± 8.53.Results: In our study, we have used AHI for the assessment of OSA, the major significant association (P = 0.001) was seen between AHI and periodontitis. The finding suggest that the prevalence of periodontitis is greater among patient with OSA with almost 39 patients with AHI value between 11to15 having loss of attachment between 4 mm ≥8 mm. Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea is acting as a significant risk factor for major Dental diseases. The study concludes that there was a significant association found between oral health status and OSA patients.

Aim: This study aims to compare audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad. Materials and Methods: The current longitudinal interventional study was conducted to check the efficiency of audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of DM Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad, U. P., India. The World Health Organization Oral Health Pro forma 1997 was used to collect information regarding the Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of the DM patients. After collecting the initial baseline data, the sample was divided into two groups verbal education group (n = 1030) and audio-visual education group (n = 1030). Then, oral health education (OHE) was provided verbally to Group I patients and OHE with audio-visual aids was given to Group II patients visiting Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital. OHE was repeated after each 2 months. At every 6, 12, and 18 months, clinical examination was repeated to evaluate the effectiveness of OHE. Inspection will be conducted under natural daylight on Hospital premises. Results: A total of 1926 patients attended all the follow-up and review examination. Subject dropout for Group I was 2% with 1009 at 6th month; 3% with 978 at 12th month; and 1% with 967 at 18th month. The subject dropout rate for Group II was 3% with 999 at 6th month; 0% with 999 at 12th month; and 4% with 959 at 18th month. The difference in subject dropout among the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.23). After 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with bleeding, calculus, and pockets was further reduced to 115, 114, and 29, respectively in verbal education group while it reduced to 96, 89, and 16, respectively, in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant. At the end of 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with decayed teeth were reduced to 486 in verbal education group while it was reduced to 421 in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: A main part of oral disease prevention is done by use of personal oral hygiene measures and maintaining oral hygiene. It is the duty of dental professionals to motivate, demonstrate and instruct patients to maintain appropriate oral health and oral hygiene.

Background: Oral health is an essential component of overall health and well-being. It affects general health, quality of life, including self-esteem, learning, employment, ability to masticate speak, and other routine activities in a child. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among children of urban, rural, and tribal communities in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 2144 urban, rural, and tribal children residing in Mahabubnagar district. Multi-stage simple random sampling was done to obtain the sample size. An intra-oral examination was performed by a single calibrated examiner to assess the Oral health status using WHO, proforma 1997. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16 (IBM, India); Pearson Chi-square test was performed to compare qualitative data and to find the statistical significance. Chi-square and Kruskal wallis test was used where applicable when comparing dental caries severity among study population based on age,sex and region. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.005. Results: The prevalence dental caries in urban, rural, and tribal regions was found to be 73.12%, 72.47%, and 78.46%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of dental caries 74.76%. The P value came out to be 0.016 (

Abstract Objectives People living with disability are more vulnerable to dental caries and have a high decayed, missed, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index and untreated dental disease than nondisabled individuals. In Ethiopia, there is a dearth of information on the oral health status of the disabled population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its predictors among special needs school students in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods An institution‐based cross‐sectional study was done on special needs school students in the Amhara region from November 2020 to April 2021. The study participants were recruited using a simple random sampling technique using a computer random generator. Data collection was done using the World Health Organization oral health survey tool. Data entry was done using Epi‐data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS 26. A logistic regression model was used to identify the possible predictors of dental caries. Results Four hundred and forty‐three students with a mean age of 15.8 ± 3.8 were included in the study. The prevalence of dental caries was 41.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.3, 46.0) in permanent dentition with a mean DMFT score of 1.3 ± 1.6. The prevalence of dental caries in primary dentition was 23.1% (95% CI: 11.9, 32.1) with a mean decayed, missed, and filled primary teeth (dmft) score of 1.9 ± 0.2. Being 7–12 years old (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.6, 8.3), lower grade level (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.3,4.4), poor oral hygiene status (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.8), and lack of parental support during tooth brushing (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.1) were independent predictors of dental caries. Conclusions A significant amount of special needs school students in the study area had dental caries. Age, grade level, oral hygiene status, and lack of parent support during tooth brushing were independent predictors of dental caries.

Brief Background Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication with a restricted range of repetitive activities and behaviors. It is comprised of Autism, PDD-NOS, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and Rett syndrome. Lifestyle of ASD children is commonly associated with poor oral hygiene, pica, self-injurious habits and oral diseases. Various modalities of dental therapy such as tellshow- do technique, visual pedagogy and sensory adaptation have been advocated to enable better examination of ASD children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral health is an essential component of overall health and well-being. It affects general health, quality of life, including self-esteem, learning, employment, ability to masticate speak, and other routine activities in a child. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among children of urban, rural, and tribal communities in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 2144 urban, rural, and tribal children residing in Mahabubnagar district. Multi-stage simple random sampling was done to obtain the sample size. An intra-oral examination was performed by a single calibrated examiner to assess the Oral health status using WHO, proforma 1997. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16 (IBM, India); Pearson Chi-square test was performed to compare qualitative data and to find the statistical significance. Chi-square and Kruskal wallis test was used where applicable when comparing dental caries severity among study population based on age,sex and region. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.005. Results: The prevalence dental caries in urban, rural, and tribal regions was found to be 73.12%, 72.47%, and 78.46%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of dental caries 74.76%. The P value came out to be 0.016 (<0.05) which was statistically significant indicating the differed prevalence of dental caries location wise. Conclusion: The present study showed that the dental caries was more in rural areas followed by urban and tribal areas. The prevalence of dental caries was 74.76% and the treatment needs was 42%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to compare audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad. Materials and Methods: The current longitudinal interventional study was conducted to check the efficiency of audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of DM Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad, U. P., India. The World Health Organization Oral Health Pro forma 1997 was used to collect information regarding the Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of the DM patients. After collecting the initial baseline data, the sample was divided into two groups verbal education group (n = 1030) and audio-visual education group (n = 1030). Then, oral health education (OHE) was provided verbally to Group I patients and OHE with audio-visual aids was given to Group II patients visiting Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital. OHE was repeated after each 2 months. At every 6, 12, and 18 months, clinical examination was repeated to evaluate the effectiveness of OHE. Inspection will be conducted under natural daylight on Hospital premises. Results: A total of 1926 patients attended all the follow-up and review examination. Subject dropout for Group I was 2% with 1009 at 6th month; 3% with 978 at 12th month; and 1% with 967 at 18th month. The subject dropout rate for Group II was 3% with 999 at 6th month; 0% with 999 at 12th month; and 4% with 959 at 18th month. The difference in subject dropout among the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.23). After 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with bleeding, calculus, and pockets was further reduced to 115, 114, and 29, respectively in verbal education group while it reduced to 96, 89, and 16, respectively, in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant. At the end of 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with decayed teeth were reduced to 486 in verbal education group while it was reduced to 421 in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: A main part of oral disease prevention is done by use of personal oral hygiene measures and maintaining oral hygiene. It is the duty of dental professionals to motivate, demonstrate and instruct patients to maintain appropriate oral health and oral hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aimed to assess the oral health status among schoolteachers in Dharamshala city, Himachal Pradesh. Methods: The cross-sectional study design with probability stratified random sampling was used. The data were collected by Type III examination recorded on a structured pro forma adapted from the WHO oral assessment for adults 2013 (by tooth surface) form. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries by surface (primary and secondary caries) among teachers was 1.6%. The mean decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) were 3.79 ± 2.52 and the mean decayed-missing-filled surfaces (DMFS) were 9.68 ± 7.95. Loss of attachment (LOA) per sextant for score 1 was higher for index tooth 31 among all sextants and in all teacher groups, and the difference was statistically significant in all sextants. Similarly, LOA per sextant for score 1 was higher among female school teachers consuming mixed diet, and the difference was statistically significant for all sextants except for 31 for gender and 11 for type of diet with statistically nonsignificant association. Conclusion: The mean DMFT were reported higher in private school teachers than government teachers which were due to higher filled component in the DMFT indicating better utilization of health services among private teachers. The DMFS were reported higher in government elementary teachers, and the difference was statistically significant with government secondary teachers which is due to higher missing component probably due to lower educational qualification among government elementary teachers with low awareness and reduced utilization of health services. Loss of Attachment indicating the destructive and degenerative periodontal status was a predictor of periodontitis in the study among school teachers in the age group of 41-50 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders frequently associated with other serious chronic medical diseases. This association is considered to contribute to decreased life expectancy and quality of life in the affected people. Even though oral health represents an important part of the general health and has a significant role in peoples' quality of life, data regarding the relationship between depression and oral health are still insufficient. Objective: The aim of our research was to identify oral care habits and perceived oral health status in a group of subjects suffering from depressive disorder. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed and subjects with a primary diagnostic of depressive disorder formulated according to ICD-10 were included. The subjects were evaluated using a questionnaire that was especially developed by the authors for the purpose of the study. Results: 45 subjects aged between 25 and 81 years, mostly women (86.67%), were enrolled in the study. Only 40% of the participants in the study were brushing their teeth daily, once or twice, while 20% of them declared that they have never brushed their teeth. Cleaning habits after eating were absent in 64.4% of the subjects. The time since last visit in a dental office was of at least 12 months for the large majority of the subjects (75.55%) and the first two reasons for visiting the dental office were pain (71.11 %) and chewing inability (13.33%). Oral health status was perceived as being unacceptable by more than a half (55.56%) of the subjects. Conclusions: Patients with depressive disorder enrolled in the study had, in a large proportion, poor oral care habits and poor reported oral health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the relationship between eating speed and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), considering the number of teeth, using cross-sectional health examination data from community-dwelling older individuals in Japan. We used data from the Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education Study in 2019. We collected data on gender, age, body mass index, blood test results, Salt intake, bone mineral density, body fat percentage, muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, number of teeth, and lifestyle information. Eating speed was evaluated subjectively as fast, normal, or slow. Overall, 702 participants were enrolled in the study and 481 participants were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between fast eating speed and being a male (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.15 [1.02–4.53]), HbA1c (1.60 [1.17–2.19]), salt intake (1.11 [1.01–1.22]), muscle mass (1.05 [1.00–1.09]), and enough sleep (1.60 [1.03–2.50]). Fast eating may be associated with overall health and lifestyle. The characteristics of fast eaters, after taking oral information into consideration, tended to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, renal dysfunction, and hypertension. Dental professionals should provide dietary and lifestyle guidance to fast eaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]