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IntroductionIn 2015, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) launched the Multidisciplinary Collaborative Research Consortium to Reduce Oral Health Disparities in Children, supporting four randomized trials testing strategies to improve preventive care. A Coordinating Center provides scientific expertise, data acquisition and quality assurance services, safety monitoring, and final analysis-ready datasets. This paper describes the trials' economic analysis strategies, placing these strategies within the broader context of contemporary economic analysis methods.MethodsThe Coordinating Center established a Cost Collaborative Working Group to share information from the four trials about the components of their economic analyses. Study teams indicated data sources for their economic analysis using a set of structured tables. The Group meets regularly to share progress, discuss challenges, and coordinate analytic approaches.ResultsAll four trials will calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios; two will also conduct cost-utility analyses using proxy diseases to estimate health state utilities. Each trial will consider at least two perspectives. Key process measures include dental services provided to child participants. The non-preference-weighted Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) will measure oral health-related quality of life. All trials are measuring training, implementation, personnel and supervision, service, supplies, and equipment costs.ConclusionsConsistent with best practices, all four trials have integrated economic analysis during their planning stages. This effort is critical since poor quality or absence of essential data can limit retrospective analysis. Integrating economic analysis into oral health preventive intervention research can provide guidance to clinicians and practices, payers, and policymakers.

Objectives: To review the progress of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) as a biomaterial in dentistry and to highlight its promising application as a safe and biocompatible autologous platelet concentrate. Publications were searched in GeenMedical, X-mol, GoogleScholar, and PubMed from October 2024 with no language restrictions. The literature was searched for relevant databases and journals on the use of PRFs in dentistry up to October 2024, and the inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, case series, and systematic reviews. Conclusion: PRF is a second-generation platelet concentrate that is sourced from oneself, has fewer adverse effects, and is simple and safe to prepare. These materials include growth factors and fibrin scaffolds, which are extensively utilized in regenerative medicine. By outlining PRF, we found that good results can be achieved when PRF is used to treat these conditions. Clinical significance: The application of PRF in dentistry is widespread, particularly in periodontal soft and hard tissue regeneration, oral lichen planus, and pulpal regeneration. This article reviews the background, classification, and preparation methods of PRFs, along with their dental applications. We anticipate further research on various PRF derivatives in the future, which will significantly improve the utilization of PRF in oral applications and offer fresh insights for diagnosing and treating oral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDue to the complexity of oral physiology and pathology, the treatment of oral diseases faces multiple and complex clinical requirements. Mucosa-adhesive films (MAFs) with a single layer have demonstrated considerable potential in delivering therapeutic bioactive ingredients directly to the site of oral diseases. However, their functions are often hindered by certain factors such as limited loading capacity, poor site specificity, and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. To overcome these limitations, the development of multi-layer MAFs has become a focal point for recent research. This involves the improvement of construction methods for multi-layer MAFs to minimize potential health risks from residual solvents, and conducting comprehensive in vivo studies to evaluate their safety and therapeutic efficacy more accurately, thus paving the way for their commercialization. Additionally, the exploration of multi-layer MAFs as personalized drug delivery systems could further broaden their application prospect. Precisely, multi-layer MAFs compensate for the shortcomings of current therapeutic strategies for oral diseases to a great extent, indicating a promising future in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature versus nurture debate has intrigued scientific circles for decades. Although extensive research has established a clear relationship between genetics and disease development, recent evidence has highlighted the insufficiency of attributing adverse health outcomes to genetic factors alone. In fact, it has been suggested that environmental influences, such as socioeconomic position (SEP), may play a much larger role in the development of disease than previously thought, with extensive research suggesting that low SEP is associated with adverse health conditions. In relation to oral health, a higher prevalence of caries (tooth decay) exists among those of low SEP. Although little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship, epigenetic modifications resulting from environmental influences have been suggested to play an important role. This review explores the intersection of health inequalities and epigenetics, the role of early-life social adversity and its long-term epigenetic impacts, and how those living within the lower hierarchies of the socioeconomic pyramid are indeed at higher risk of developing diseases, particularly in relation to oral health. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of targeted interventions for individuals of low SEP to improve oral health or identify those who are at higher risk of developing oral disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT), while effective against cancer, often cause severe side effects, such as oral mucositis and other oral diseases. Oral mucositis, characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa, is one of the most painful side effects that can reduce quality of life and limit cancer treatment. Curcumin, a polyphenol from Curcuma longa, has garnered attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties, which protect the oral mucosa by reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammation. This study reviews the therapeutic potential of curcumin in preventing and managing oral mucositis caused by CT and RT. Clinical trials show curcumin's effectiveness in reducing the incidence and severity of oral mucositis. Although curcumin supplementation appears to be a promising and cost-effective approach for mitigating oral complications in cancer patients, further clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and optimize dosing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are DNA sequences capable of editing a host genome sequence. CRISPR and its specific CRISPR‐associated (Cas) protein complexes have been adapted for various applications. These include activating or inhibiting specific genetic sequences or acting as molecular scissors to cut and modify the host DNA precisely. CRISPR‐Cas systems are also naturally present in many oral bacteria, where they aid in nutrition, biofilm formation, inter‐ and intraspecies communication (quorum sensing), horizontal gene transfer, virulence, inflammation modulation, coinfection, and immune response evasion. It even functions as an adaptive immune system, defending microbes against invading viruses and foreign genetic elements from other bacteria by targeting and degrading their DNA. Recently, CRISPR‐Cas systems have been tested as molecular editing tools to manipulate specific genes linked with periodontal disease (such as periodontitis) and as novel methods of delivering antimicrobial agents to overcome antimicrobial resistance. With the rapidly increasing role of CRISPR in treating inflammatory diseases, its application in periodontal disease is also becoming popular. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of CRISPR‐Cas in oral microbes and their role in periodontal disease pathogenesis and precision periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral diseases are usually caused by external physical and chemical factors, the invasion of pathogens, dento-maxillofacial deformities and systemic diseases. Oral infections and orofacial pain triggered by oral diseases seriously reduce the quality of life. Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death, which is characterized by swelling of the cell until the cell membrane ruptures, releasing the cell contents and activating a strong inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that pyroptosis is widely involved in the occurrence and development of oral diseases. In this review, four types of cellular pyroptosis pathways are described in detail, including the canonical pathway, non-canonical pathway, caspase-3/8 mediated pathway and caspase independent pathway. Different pyroptosis pathways form complex signal networks, which regulate the functions of periodontal membrane cells, gingival fibroblasts, macrophages and other cells in the oral cavity, thus affecting the occurrence and development of oral diseases. This review summarizes the latest research about the pathways of pyroptosis and its roles in oral diseases, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and direction for searching effective methods to treat and prevent oral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: We aimed to assess the antifungal efficacy and impact of a denture cleanser containing Cnidium officinale extract on the surface characteristics of denture base materials, as well as its physical and biological properties. Methods: The experimental denture cleansers were formulated with C. officinale at concentrations of 100 and 150 μg/mL, combined with 1% cocamidopropyl betaine as a natural surfactant. Antifungal efficacy was evaluated using zone-of-inhibition assays against Candida albicans, revealing inhibition zones of 20 ± 1.8 mm for the 100 μg/mL concentration and 23.6 ± 1.6 mm for the 150 μg/mL concentration. Surface property assessments—including hardness, roughness, color stability, and solubility measurements—demonstrated no significant differences compared to the control group. Biological evaluations included the quantification of polyphenol and flavonoid content. Results: The C. officinale-based cleanser showed significant antifungal activity without affecting the hardness, roughness, color stability, or solubility of denture base materials. Biological tests revealed no cytotoxicity and minimal mucosal irritation. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents were quantitatively measured, revealing higher concentrations in the experimental groups, which were correlated with significant antifungal activity. These compounds are known for their roles in disrupting microbial processes and enhancing antimicrobial effects. These findings suggest that the C. officinale-based denture cleanser effectively inhibits C. albicans while preserving the physical properties of denture base materials. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of C. officinale in denture cleanser formulations, promoting denture hygiene and oral health. Future research should prioritize long-term clinical evaluations and formulation optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to explore research progress ofthe role and application of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites in oral diseases. We first briefly review the metabolic pathways and key enzymes of PUFAs, as well as their biological functions. Then, we discuss in detail the role of PUFA metabolites in various oral diseases, including oral mucosal diseases, periodontal diseases, dental and pulp diseases, oral cancer, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Studies have shown that PUFA metabolites play an important role in regulating inflammation, immune responses, and tissue repair, and are closely involved in the development and progression of oral diseases. Moreover, PUFA metabolites have potential application value in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of oral diseases. Therefore, research on the role and application of PUFA metabolites in oral diseases will help deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of oral diseases and provide new ideas and methods for clinical treatment of oral diseases.

Normal individuals of all ages possess the innate ability to produce vitamin D following exposure to sunlight. Inadequate vitamin D levels have been shown to be associated with a wide range of diseases, including oral health disorders. Insufficient sunlight exposure may exacerbate some of these diseases, possibly due to impaired vitamin D synthesis. Although vitamin D can be obtained from dietary sources, dietary intake alone is often insufficient, providing only 20% of the body’s requirements. Emerging data suggest that vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in the development of coronary risk factors and predisposes individuals to hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and chronic vascular inflammation. Additionally, low levels of vitamin D have a significant impact on oral health status due to its immunoregulatory properties.The beneficial effects of vitamin D on oral health extend beyond direct effects on tooth mineralization; they also include anti-inflammatory functions and the stimulation of antimicrobial peptide production. Consequently, various oral pathologies are influenced by low levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Chronic and/or severe vitamin D deficiency can result in decreased intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. This secondary hyperparathyroidism, in turn, causes phosphaturia and accelerated bone demineralization, ultimately resulting in osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults and osteomalacia and rickets in children. Vitamin D is highly implicated in oral diseases and has been associated with a higher risk of tooth defects, caries, periodontitis, failure of oral treatments, and interference in the development of oral cancers.

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia or Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia (MEH), also known as Heck's disease, is considered a rare pathology of the oral mucosa associated with human papillomavirus types 13 and 32. For reasons not fully understood, MEH disproportionally affects specific populations of indigenous groups around the world. After the first reports in Native Americans, the epidemiology of the disease has been described in different geographical regions mainly related to particular indigenous populations, the majority of the studies are clinical case reports, but the biological determinants are still unknown. Some suggested risk factors include chronic irritation caused by smoking, a galvanic current, vitamin A deficiency, and/or a familial-genetic predisposition; however, the scientific evidence is not solid due the scarcity of case-control studies or longitudinal cohorts. In light of the evidence, further study of the pathology of MEH should be considered and proper clinical trials for effective treatments should be designed. The disease warrants further study as it is considered as neglected by research and it affects rural/remote population groups usually living in adverse socioeconomic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) and risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with OLP from 11 different hospitals were included in the study. Descriptive statistical methods were used to explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics and logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were utilized to explore the risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP. Results: The average age of patients was 49.2 ± 13.3 years, and 61.4% of the patients were women. The ratios of patients with reticular, hyperemic/erythematous, and erosive/ulcerative lesions were 47.9%, 27.8%, and 24.2%, respectively. Analysis of risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP identified the following variables: age, course of disease of 12 months or more, II°–III° dental calculus, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, as well as regions of habitation. Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP in patients with and without risk behaviors. Conclusion: The clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients with OLP in the Chinese population in this study are basically consistent with existing reports in developed countries. And we identified clinical characteristics associated with erosive/ulcerative OLP through clinical epidemiological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the bidirectional association between oral diseases and cognitive function comprehensively. Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Oral diseases include periodontitis, dental caries, and tooth loss (end point of oral disease resulting in tooth extraction). Cognitive function included three domains: memory, processing speed, and executive function. A global cognitive score was then derived from sum of the three cognitive domains. Oral cognition associations were examined using various statistical models: (1) Regress oral disease on cognitive function; (2) Regress cognitive function on oral disease; and (3) Structural equation modelling treating cognition and oral disease as latent variables. Results: There were 2508 participants aged 60+ who had both oral and cognitive information. Associations between various oral disease and global cognitive score were observed (Odds ratio ORcog‐>periodontitis 0.95, 95% Confidence Interval [0.92, 0.99]; βcog‐>caries −0.13, [−0.23, −0.04]; βcog‐>tooth loss −0.03 [−0.04, −0.01]; βtooth loss‐>cog −0.04 [−0.06, −0.02]; βcaries‐>cog −0.03 [−0.06, −0.01]; βperiodontitis‐>cog −0.39 [−0.69, −0.10]). Significant correlation was also found between these oral disease and cognitive function using structural equation model (r −0.22, [−0.34, −0.10]). Conclusions: This study found robust bidirectional associations between oral disease and cognitive function using various modelling approaches among the aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating magnetic materials into dentistry has emerged as a promising advance for addressing diverse dental conditions. Magnetic particles comprising a magnetic core encapsulated within a biocompatible coating offer precise manipulation through external magnetic fields, rendering them invaluable in targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia therapy, and diagnostic assays. Their tunable properties allow optimization for specific applications, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, pre-adjust magnets showcase exceptional magnetic field strength and energy density. Their utilization in dental implants and orthodontic treatments facilitates tissue engineering and tooth movement, augmenting clinical outcomes and patient comfort. This review synthesizes current research directions and clinical applications of magnetic materials in dentistry, offering insights into their potential to transform dental healthcare and enhance patient well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingenius, Revista Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Shikonin contributes to the promotion of bone defect repair and the treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application potential of shikonin and its derivatives in oral soft and hard tissue regeneration. METHODS: A literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP, spanning articles from 2002 to 2023. The search terms were “shikonin, oral cavity, periodontitis, antibacterial, bone formation, osteoclast, osteoporosis, toxicology” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Shikonin and its derivatives possess anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, promote periodontal wound healing, and regenerate alveolar bone tissue. Shikonin formulations can be used to treat oral diseases such as aphthous ulcers and oral candidiasis. These findings suggest a promising future for shikonin and its derivatives in treating periodontal diseases, preventing oral ailments, and promoting the regeneration of both soft and hard periodontal tissues. Further research is needed to explore how to combine shikonin with tissue engineering to achieve quicker healing of oral soft and hard tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Oral disease is a severe healthcare challenge that diminishes people's quality of life. Functional hydrogels with suitable biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties have attracted remarkable interest and have been developed for treating oral diseases. In this review, we present up‐to‐date research on hydrogels for the management of dental caries, endodontics, periapical periodontitis, and periodontitis, depending on the progression of dental diseases. The strategies of hydrogels for treating oral mucosal diseases and salivary gland diseases are then classified. After that, we focus on the application of hydrogels related to tumor therapy and tissue defects. Finally, the review prospects the restrictions and the perspectives on the utilization of hydrogels in oral disease treatment. We believe this review will promote the advancement of more amicable, functional and personalized approaches for oral diseases.

IntroductionPrevalence of oral, metabolic, circulatory, and nutritional diseases has tended to increase globally. As these diseases have common contributing factors, such as unhealthy diets, evaluating their epidemiological trends and the relation between them is relevant. In Colombia, the Ministry of Health records the frequency of consultation for these diseases through the Integrated Social Protection Information System. It facilitates the evaluation of their epidemiological behavior at the population level.AimTo analyze and correlate the burden of oral diseases (caries and periodontitis) with respect to nutritional, circulatory and metabolic pathologies, as well as their relationships with socioeconomic indices in Colombian regions from 2016 to 2023.MethodsThis study analyzes retrospective data collected between 2016 and 2023 by the National Health Registry in Colombia (SISPRO) according to the ICD-10. Sociodemographic data and the number of disease consultations were extracted. The number of consultations for oral diseases was correlated with systemic pathologies, socioeconomic indices through the Spearman test. Associations were explored via multiple linear regressions. A Principal Component Analyses (PCA) was conducted to identify patterns between socioeconomic, oral and systemic disease variables, as well as to reduce the complexity of the analysis by creating clusters that capture the greatest possible variability in the data.ResultsThe average number of consultations per biennium was 24.550.435 being the highest number for 2018–2019. The highest percentage of consultations was related to extensive caries, followed by chronic gingivitis. Moreover, consultations for oral diseases were found to correlate with systemic pathologies. All socioeconomic indices were associated with caries and/or periodontal diseases. This study is the first in Colombia that uses national data on diagnoses assigned to medical and dental consultations. PCA revealed a clustering pattern of pathologies suggesting that they are highly associated one to each other.ConclusionCorrelations between consultations for oral and systemic diseases stratified by life cycle and socioeconomic indices highlight the importance of conducting epidemiological and public health characterizations and their associations. Identifying these factors is imperative in the prevention and management of both diseases.

Background: Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery of impaired oral tissue. As a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, autophagy induction regulates stem cell function physiologically and pathologically. Autophagy activation can serve as a cytoprotective mechanism in stressful environments, while insufficient or over-activation may also lead to cell function dysregulation and cell death. Aim of review: This review focuses on the effects of autophagy on stem cell function and oral tissue regeneration, with particular emphasis on diverse roles of autophagy in different oral tissues, including periodontal tissue, bone tissue, dentin pulp tissue, oral mucosa, salivary gland, maxillofacial muscle, temporomandibular joint, etc. Additionally, this review introduces the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during the regeneration of different parts of oral tissue, and how autophagy can be regulated by small molecule drugs, biomaterials, exosomes/RNAs or other specific treatments. Finally, this review discusses new perspectives for autophagy manipulation and oral tissue regeneration. Key scientific concepts of review: Overall, this review emphasizes the contribution of autophagy to oral tissue regeneration and highlights the possible approaches for regulating autophagy to promote the regeneration of human oral tissue.

Oral plaque biofilms are one of the bases for the survival and metabolism of different bacteria. With the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria due to antibiotic abuse, the prevention and treatment of plaque biofilm-associated oral diseases are becoming increasingly difficult. Although some research progress has been made in the field of biofilm formation and destruction, there is still a lack of effective clinical therapies for plaque biofilm-associated oral diseases. Metal nanoenzymes possess the physical properties of nanoparticles and exhibit catalytic activity similar to that of natural enzymes. The nanoscale size of metal nanoenzymes provides a greater specific surface area to help reactive oxygen species spread rapidly to active catalytic sites and improve the antioxidant properties of nanoenzymes. Additionally, metal nanoenzymes are easy to produce using different methods, such as electrochemical reduction, solvent thermal synthesis and microwave-assisted synthesis. Moreover, metal nanoenzymes can produce a high concentration of hydroxyl radicals, catalyze plaque biofilm degradation, lyse glucan and inhibit biofilm formation by oxidative stress reactions, as well as kill bacteria by releasing metal ions. Thus, metal nanoenzymes are expected to become a new option for the prevention and treatment of oral plaque biofilm-associated diseases. However, metal nanoenzymes can enter organisms through oral, intravenous and respiratory routes, triggering potential toxic effects such as pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. In a complex biological environment, the occurrence of metal nanoenzymes toxicity may involve multiple mechanisms, and the mechanism of action and safety need to be thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we intend to describe the research progress on metal nanoenzymes through an overview of their properties, antibacterial mechanisms, biotoxicity and applications in the prevention and treatment of oral plaque biofilm-related diseases, which may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

As the most popular teeth problem, dental caries can result in pain, suffering, impaired function, and diminished quality of life among communities, which calls for new strategies to improve the therapeutic effects. With suitable biocompatibility properties, functional hydrogels had developed dramatically in dental caries treatments. In this review, the occurrence and development of dental caries were introduced. Then, the current hydrogels toward dental caries with antibacterial or (and) remineralization properties and hydrogel-related dental pulp tissue engineering were summarized. Finally, the limitation and outlook of the applications of hydrogels on dental caries treatment were prospected. Exploring innovative hydrogel delivery systems will build a solid basis for a brighter future of more friendly, effective and personalized treatment to deal with dental caries.

Abstract Background Oral inflammatory diseases are localized infectious diseases primarily caused by oral pathogens with the potential for serious systemic complications. However, publicly available datasets for these diseases are underutilized. To address this issue, a web tool called OralExplorer was developed. This tool integrates the available data and provides comprehensive online bioinformatic analysis. Methods Human oral inflammatory disease-related datasets were obtained from the GEO database and normalized using a standardized process. Transcriptome data were then subjected to differential gene expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, correlation analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and visualization. The single-cell sequencing data was visualized as cluster plot, feature plot, and heatmaps. The web platform was primarily built using Shiny. The biomarkers identified in OralExplorer were validated using local clinical samples through qPCR and IHC. Results A total of 35 human oral inflammatory disease-related datasets, covering 6 main disease types and 901 samples, were included in the study to identify potential molecular signatures of the mechanisms of oral diseases. OralExplorer consists of 5 main analysis modules (differential gene expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, correlation analysis, pathway enrichment analysis and single-cell analysis), with multiple visualization options. The platform offers a simple and intuitive interface, high-quality images for visualization, and detailed analysis results tables for easy access by users. Six markers (IL1β, SRGN, CXCR1, FGR, ARHGEF2, and PTAFR) were identified by OralExplorer. qPCR- and IHC-based experimental validation showed significantly higher levels of these genes in the periodontitis group. Conclusions OralExplorer is a comprehensive analytical platform for oral inflammatory diseases. It allows users to interactively explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the action and regression of these diseases. It also aids dental researchers in unlocking the potential value of transcriptomics data related to oral diseases. OralExplorer can be accessed at https://smuonco.shinyapps.io/OralExplorer/ (Alternate URL: http://robinl-lab.com/OralExplorer ).

Objective To explore the manifestations of bacteriophages in different oral disease ecologies, including periodontal diseases, dental caries, endodontic infections, and oral cancer, as well as to propel phage therapy for safer and more effective clinical application in the field of dentistry.Methods In this literature review, we outlined interactions between bacteriophages, bacteria and even oral cells in the oral ecosystem, especially in disease states. We also analyzed the current status and future prospects of phage therapy in the perspective of different oral diseases.Results Various oral bacteriophages targeting at periodontal pathogens as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans, endodontic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis were predicted or isolated, providing promising options for phage therapy. In the realm of oral cancer, aside from displaying tumor antigens or participating in tumor-targeted therapies, phage-like particle vaccines demonstrated the potential to prevent oral infections caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) associated with head-and-neck cancers.Conclusion Due to their intricate interactions with bacteria and oral cells, bacteriophages are closely linked to the progression and regression of diverse oral diseases. And there is an urgent need for research to explore additional possibilities of bacteriophages in the management of oral diseases.

[Display omitted] • The contribution of autophagy on stem cell function and oral tissue regeneration. • Molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during oral tissue regeneration. • The diverse roles of autophagy in different oral tissues. • Possible autophagy regulation methods to enhance oral tissue regeneration. Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery of impaired oral tissue. As a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, autophagy induction regulates stem cell function physiologically and pathologically. Autophagy activation can serve as a cytoprotective mechanism in stressful environments, while insufficient or over-activation may also lead to cell function dysregulation and cell death. This review focuses on the effects of autophagy on stem cell function and oral tissue regeneration, with particular emphasis on diverse roles of autophagy in different oral tissues, including periodontal tissue, bone tissue, dentin pulp tissue, oral mucosa, salivary gland, maxillofacial muscle, temporomandibular joint, etc. Additionally, this review introduces the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during the regeneration of different parts of oral tissue, and how autophagy can be regulated by small molecule drugs, biomaterials, exosomes/RNAs or other specific treatments. Finally, this review discusses new perspectives for autophagy manipulation and oral tissue regeneration. Overall, this review emphasizes the contribution of autophagy to oral tissue regeneration and highlights the possible approaches for regulating autophagy to promote the regeneration of human oral tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microneedles are a transdermal drug delivery system in which the needle punctures the epithelium to deliver the drug directly to deep tissues, thus avoiding the influence of the first‐pass effect of the gastrointestinal tract and minimizing the likelihood of pain induction. Hydrogel microneedles are microneedles prepared from hydrogels that have good biocompatibility, controllable mechanical properties, and controllable drug release and can be modified to achieve environmental control of drug release in vivo. The large epithelial tissue in the oral cavity is an ideal site for drug delivery via microneedles. Hydrogel microneedles can overcome mucosal hindrances to delivering drugs to deep tissues; this prevents humidity and a highly dynamic environment in the oral cavity from influencing the efficacy of the drugs and enables them to obtain better therapeutic effects. This article analyzes the materials and advantages of common hydrogel microneedles and reviews the application of hydrogel microneedles in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, salivary metabolome studies have provided new biological information and salivary biomarkers to diagnose different diseases at early stages. The saliva in the oral cavity is influenced by many factors that are reflected in the salivary metabolite profile. Oral microbes can alter the salivary metabolite profile and may express oral inflammation or oral diseases. The released microbial metabolites in the saliva represent the altered biochemical pathways in the oral cavity. This review highlights the oral microbial profile and microbial metabolites released in saliva and its use as a diagnostic biofluid for different oral diseases. The importance of salivary metabolites produced by oral microbes as risk factors for oral diseases and their possible relationship in oral carcinogenesis is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) face a heightened risk of developing oral diseases. As such, antiretroviral therapies are crucial for treating HIV, as they help restore immune system functionality. Oral health issues can be not only painful and bothersome but can also lead to further complications. Therefore, the aim of this research is to conduct a thorough analysis of oral health in HIV patients, providing them with vital information and timely preventive measures. The methodology employed is descriptive analysis, which involves collecting specific data to gain a deeper understanding of oral health challenges faced by HIV patients. The findings indicate that periodontitis, gingivitis, hairy leukoplakia, and candidiasis are the most common oral conditions in these patients and may serve as early indicators of HIV/AIDS infection. Moreover, the manifestation of oral diseases can vary depending on age, genetics, endemic factors, or lifestyle choices. In summary, the emergence of oral diseases in HIV patients is influenced by a myriad of internal and external factors. Further research is essential to refine treatment strategies for HIV and associated oral diseases, ultimately improving the quality of life for immunocompromised individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "Consequences of Vitamin D Deficiency in Oral Cavity Diseases" explores the impact of vitamin D deficiency on oral health. It explains that low levels of vitamin D have been linked to various oral health disorders and diseases, including tooth defects, tooth decay, periodontitis, and interference in the development of oral cancers. The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining optimal vitamin D levels for oral health and discusses factors that contribute to vitamin D deficiency. It also explores the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in preventing and treating these conditions. The article concludes that maintaining normal levels of vitamin D, along with a healthy diet and lifestyle, can help maintain oral health and prevent major dental problems. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Oral inflammatory diseases are localized infectious diseases primarily caused by oral pathogens with the potential for serious systemic complications. However, publicly available datasets for these diseases are underutilized. To address this issue, a web tool called OralExplorer was developed. This tool integrates the available data and provides comprehensive online bioinformatic analysis. Methods: Human oral inflammatory disease-related datasets were obtained from the GEO database and normalized using a standardized process. Transcriptome data were then subjected to differential gene expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, correlation analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and visualization. The single-cell sequencing data was visualized as cluster plot, feature plot, and heatmaps. The web platform was primarily built using Shiny. The biomarkers identified in OralExplorer were validated using local clinical samples through qPCR and IHC. Results: A total of 35 human oral inflammatory disease-related datasets, covering 6 main disease types and 901 samples, were included in the study to identify potential molecular signatures of the mechanisms of oral diseases. OralExplorer consists of 5 main analysis modules (differential gene expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, correlation analysis, pathway enrichment analysis and single-cell analysis), with multiple visualization options. The platform offers a simple and intuitive interface, high-quality images for visualization, and detailed analysis results tables for easy access by users. Six markers (IL1β, SRGN, CXCR1, FGR, ARHGEF2, and PTAFR) were identified by OralExplorer. qPCR- and IHC-based experimental validation showed significantly higher levels of these genes in the periodontitis group. Conclusions: OralExplorer is a comprehensive analytical platform for oral inflammatory diseases. It allows users to interactively explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the action and regression of these diseases. It also aids dental researchers in unlocking the potential value of transcriptomics data related to oral diseases. OralExplorer can be accessed at https://smuonco.shinyapps.io/OralExplorer/ (Alternate URL: http://robinl-lab.com/OralExplorer). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal dentistry, also known as natural or holistic dentistry, is a field of dental care that utilizes natural remedies and herbal medicine to prevent and treat oral health issues. This approach focuses on the use of herbs, plant extracts, and other natural substances to promote oral hygiene and address dental problems. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in herbal dentistry as an alternative to conventional dental treatments. This comprehensive review aims to explore the use of herbal remedies in dentistry, their potential benefits, and their limitations.

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia or Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia (MEH), also known as Heck’s disease, is considered a rare pathology of the oral mucosa associated with human papillomavirus types 13 and 32. For reasons not fully understood, MEH disproportionally affects specific populations of indigenous groups around the world. After the first reports in Native Americans, the epidemiology of the disease has been described in different geographical regions mainly related to particular indigenous populations, the majority of the studies are clinical case reports, but the biological determinants are still unknown. Some suggested risk factors include chronic irritation caused by smoking, a galvanic current, vitamin A deficiency, and/or a familial-genetic predisposition; however, the scientific evidence is not solid due the scarcity of case-control studies or longitudinal cohorts. In light of the evidence, further study of the pathology of MEH should be considered and proper clinical trials for effective treatments should be designed. The disease warrants further study as it is considered as neglected by research and it affects rural/remote population groups usually living in adverse socioeconomic conditions.

IntroductionIn 2015, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) launched the Multidisciplinary Collaborative Research Consortium to Reduce Oral Health Disparities in Children, supporting four randomized trials testing strategies to improve preventive care. A Coordinating Center provides scientific expertise, data acquisition and quality assurance services, safety monitoring, and final analysis-ready datasets. This paper describes the trials' economic analysis strategies, placing these strategies within the broader context of contemporary economic analysis methods.MethodsThe Coordinating Center established a Cost Collaborative Working Group to share information from the four trials about the components of their economic analyses. Study teams indicated data sources for their economic analysis using a set of structured tables. The Group meets regularly to share progress, discuss challenges, and coordinate analytic approaches.ResultsAll four trials will calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios; two will also conduct cost-utility analyses using proxy diseases to estimate health state utilities. Each trial will consider at least two perspectives. Key process measures include dental services provided to child participants. The non-preference-weighted Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) will measure oral health-related quality of life. All trials are measuring training, implementation, personnel and supervision, service, supplies, and equipment costs.ConclusionsConsistent with best practices, all four trials have integrated economic analysis during their planning stages. This effort is critical since poor quality or absence of essential data can limit retrospective analysis. Integrating economic analysis into oral health preventive intervention research can provide guidance to clinicians and practices, payers, and policymakers.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is the inflammation of the periodontium tissues surrounding the teeth, potentially leading to loss of tooth attachment. In individuals with periodontal disease, the presence of Trichomonas tenax, a parasitic protozoan of the oral cavity has been observed and its frequency tends to rise as the disease progresses. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the online databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus using the combination of keywords: “Trichomonas tenax” AND “periodontal disease” OR “gum disease”, OR “oral disease” OR “periodontitis”. A total of 9 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Results: This review highlights the incidence of T. tenax with periodontal diseases, the risk factors that contribute to the infection of T. tenax and available detection methods for the identification of the protozoan. Conclusion: The inhabitation of the oral cavity by T. tenax prospers with the severity of periodontal diseases. Extensive research should be conducted to fully understand the potential pathogenic role and damaging effect of T. tenax in the oral cavity.

Herbal dentistry, also known as natural or holistic dentistry, is a field of dental care that utilizes natural remedies and herbal medicine to prevent and treat oral health issues. This approach focuses on the use of herbs, plant extracts, and other natural substances to promote oral hygiene and address dental problems. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in herbal dentistry as an alternative to conventional dental treatments. This comprehensive review aims to explore the use of herbal remedies in dentistry, their potential benefits, and their limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Evaluate the effect of an integrated teaching model of oral preclinical practice based on endodontic-restorative sequential treatment to provide a reference for the exploration of the teaching mode of the stomatology specialty. Methods This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. The study was divided into 2 groups. There were 450 2018-grade and 2019-grade students in the discipline integration teaching method (DIT) group, and a preclinical practice course (root canal therapy and fixed prosthetic treatments were integrated into an endodontic-restorative sequential treatment) using the DIT method was applied. There were 443 2016-grade and 2017-grade students in the traditional teaching method (TT) group, and a TT preclinical practice course (root canal therapy and fixed prosthetic treatments training courses were taught separately) was applied. Both groups were taught by the same two teachers. The scores of clinical skills examination and treatment planning were compared between the two groups. In addition, students in the two groups were asked to complete the questionnaires about the teaching methods, and students in Group DIT and their teachers were asked to complete the questionnaires on their degree of satisfaction with the DIT method in the preclinical course. Results Students in the DIT group had an average score of 90.2 ± 4.16 in the practical skill evaluation, which was higher than that of the TT group (86.3±3.57) (P = 0.001). In the case analysis, 91.8% (413/450) of the students in the DIT group successfully planned the treatment, compared to a significantly lower rate in the TT group of 74.7% (331/443) (P = 0.001). The questionnaire results showed that recognition degrees of cultivated clinical thinking, improved indication analysis ability, improved operational skills, stimulated enthusiasm for learning, and improved autonomous learning were higher in the DIT group than in the TT group, and both teachers (2/2) and 98.4% (443/450) of students recognized the DIT method. Conclusions The DIT method significantly improved students’ learning quality and ability, proved effective in the endodontic-restorative sequential treatment practice course and was more acceptable to teachers and students. The DIT method is more effective than the TT method in improving students’ clinical thinking and operation ability.

Background and Objectives: Respiratory and periodontal diseases are among the most common diseases affecting humans worldwide. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia and other respiratory diseases. However, the evidence supporting the link between respiratory and periodontal disease is inconclusive and insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between oral disease symptoms and respiratory diseases. Materials and Methods: Adults who underwent oral examinations and lung disease tests were recruited from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 14,956 individuals participated in the 2019 KNHANES. Among the 6846 participants who underwent oral examinations, 1320 children and adolescents were excluded. Additionally, of the 4119 adults aged ≥40 years who underwent dual lung function tests, those who did not respond to key independent confounding variables were excluded. The final sample consisted of 2988 adults. Results: Complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of restrictive ventilation disorder was lower in individuals without chewing discomfort compared to individuals with chewing discomfort (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.479–0.996), and the difference was statistically significant. Only one significant difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusions: Chewing discomfort is a major periodontal health-related factor associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the exact mechanism underlying the relationship between masticatory discomfort and COPD remains unclear, masticatory discomfort is an early symptom of oral diseases. The findings from this study provide additional basic data for the prevention of oral diseases and COPD in Korea.

Chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT), while effective against cancer, often cause severe side effects, such as oral mucositis and other oral diseases. Oral mucositis, characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa, is one of the most painful side effects that can reduce quality of life and limit cancer treatment. Curcumin, a polyphenol from Curcuma longa, has garnered attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties, which protect the oral mucosa by reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammation. This study reviews the therapeutic potential of curcumin in preventing and managing oral mucositis caused by CT and RT. Clinical trials show curcumin’s effectiveness in reducing the incidence and severity of oral mucositis. Although curcumin supplementation appears to be a promising and cost-effective approach for mitigating oral complications in cancer patients, further clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and optimize dosing strategies.

Background/Objectives: We aimed to assess the antifungal efficacy and impact of a denture cleanser containing Cnidium officinale extract on the surface characteristics of denture base materials, as well as its physical and biological properties. Methods: The experimental denture cleansers were formulated with C. officinale at concentrations of 100 and 150 μg/mL, combined with 1% cocamidopropyl betaine as a natural surfactant. Antifungal efficacy was evaluated using zone-of-inhibition assays against Candida albicans, revealing inhibition zones of 20 ± 1.8 mm for the 100 μg/mL concentration and 23.6 ± 1.6 mm for the 150 μg/mL concentration. Surface property assessments—including hardness, roughness, color stability, and solubility measurements—demonstrated no significant differences compared to the control group. Biological evaluations included the quantification of polyphenol and flavonoid content. Results: The C. officinale-based cleanser showed significant antifungal activity without affecting the hardness, roughness, color stability, or solubility of denture base materials. Biological tests revealed no cytotoxicity and minimal mucosal irritation. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents were quantitatively measured, revealing higher concentrations in the experimental groups, which were correlated with significant antifungal activity. These compounds are known for their roles in disrupting microbial processes and enhancing antimicrobial effects. These findings suggest that the C. officinale-based denture cleanser effectively inhibits C. albicans while preserving the physical properties of denture base materials. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of C. officinale in denture cleanser formulations, promoting denture hygiene and oral health. Future research should prioritize long-term clinical evaluations and formulation optimization.

Periodontal disease is highly prevalent and contributes to the global burden of chronic diseases. Inherent and institutional inequities contribute to the prevalence of periodontal disease by facilitating barriers to accessing dental care and maintaining good oral health. The aim of this paper is to review the inequities experienced in the dental field in relation to periodontal disease. Barriers to dental care are experienced in many countries globally. They include cost, insurance coverage, geography, physician availability, and oral health literacy. These barriers influence the frequency of dental visits, oral hygiene, and risk behaviors of individuals which impact an individual's oral health status. Most often, postponed or improper dental care leads to worsened dental conditions that are more costly and detrimental to one's wellbeing. These dental conditions, like periodontitis, fall back on the health care system for treatment through emergency department resource use and comorbidities that can develop or be worsened as a result. To reduce the global burden of chronic disease and the costs of treatments for preventable conditions, and increase oral health, corrective actions are required. Such actions may include the use of teledentistry, greater oral health education, emergency departments staffing dental practitioners, subsidies for rural or remote dental practitioners, and policy changes for universal coverage of basic dental needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease is the inflammation of the periodontium tissues surrounding the teeth, potentially leading to loss of tooth attachment. In individuals with periodontal disease, the presence of Trichomonas tenax , a parasitic protozoan of the oral cavity has been observed and its frequency tends to rise as the disease progresses. A literature search was conducted in the online databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus using the combination of keywords: " Trichomonas tenax " AND "periodontal disease" OR "gum disease", OR "oral disease" OR "periodontitis". A total of 9 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. This review highlights the incidence of T. tenax with periodontal diseases, the risk factors that contribute to the infection of T. tenax and available detection methods for the identification of the protozoan. The inhabitation of the oral cavity by T. tenax prospers with the severity of periodontal diseases. Extensive research should be conducted to fully understand the potential pathogenic role and damaging effect of T. tenax in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BackgroundThe association between chronic oral diseases and other major systemic health conditions, commonly referred to as the oral-systemic health connection, has been previously studied with several underlying common risk factors and pathways linking both groups of diseases. Psychosocial factors contribute to an increased susceptibility to chronic oral and non-oral diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of psychosocial stress in chronic oral and systemic diseases.MethodsA search strategy was built and a literature search was conducted using four databases (CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO). A combination of search terms related to psychosocial stress, systemic disease, and oral conditions were used. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included human adults (aged 18 years and older), included psychosocial factors as an exposure measure, and outcome measures of both an oral and systemic condition. Only English-language articles were considered. Pilot testing of the data extraction form and calibration were conducted and data were extracted independently by one researcher.ResultsA total of fifteen articles out of eighty full-text articles screened were determined to be eligible for inclusion in this review. Periodontal disease was the most commonly studied oral disease, measured in 53% of included articles, with the most commonly studied systemic diseases being of mental health conditions (40%) and diabetes (47%). Psychosocial stress was measured using a range of psychometric indicators and/or biomarkers, including perceived stress, individual behaviours, childhood adversity, and cortisol. In total, fourteen studies found a positive association between measures of psychosocial stress and oral-systemic health.ConclusionPsychosocial stress may be a common contributor to both chronic oral and non-oral diseases.

Abstract Background The prevalence of oral diseases among Taiwanese prisoners has rarely been investigated. This study aimed to estimate the gender-specific prevalence of oral disease in a sample of Taiwanese prisoners. Methods We included 83,048 participants from the National Health Insurance (NHI) Program. Outcomes were measured using the clinical version of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9-CM). For prevalence, we provide absolute values and percentages. We also performed a χ2 test to assess sex and age group differences in the percentage of disease in the oral cavity, salivary glands, and jaw. Results The prevalence rate of oral diseases was 25.90%, which was higher than that of the general population. The prevalence of oral diseases in female prisoners was higher than that in male prisoners (p 40. Among all cases of diagnosed oral diseases, the top three diseases were dental hard tissue diseases (13.28%), other cellulitis and abscesses (9.79%), and pruritus and related conditions (2.88%), respectively. The prevalence of various oral diseases in female prisoners was significantly higher than that in male prisoners. Conclusion Oral disease is common among Taiwanese prisoners. Female prisoners had a higher prevalence of oral, salivary gland, and jaw diseases than male prisoners. Therefore, early prevention and appropriate treatment are required and also a need for gender-specific oral disease products given the differences in the prevalence of oral disease among male and female prisoners.

Integrating magnetic materials into dentistry has emerged as a promising advance for addressing diverse dental conditions. Magnetic particles comprising a magnetic core encapsulated within a biocompatible coating offer precise manipulation through external magnetic fields, rendering them invaluable in targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia therapy, and diagnostic assays. Their tunable properties allow optimization for specific applications, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, pre-adjust magnets showcase exceptional magnetic field strength and energy density. Their utilization in dental implants and orthodontic treatments facilitates tissue engineering and tooth movement, augmenting clinical outcomes and patient comfort. This review synthesizes current research directions and clinical applications of magnetic materials in dentistry, offering insights into their potential to transform dental healthcare and enhance patient well-being.