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Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) has gained more attention worldwide in recent decades because of its importance as a bioenergy resource and in producing table sugar. However, the production capabilities of conventional varieties are being challenged by the changing climates, which struggle to meet the escalating demands of the growing global population. Genome editing has emerged as a pivotal field that offers groundbreaking solutions in agriculture and beyond. It includes inserting, removing or replacing DNA in an organism's genome. Various approaches are employed to enhance crop yields and resilience in harsh climates. These techniques include zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas). Among these, CRISPR/Cas is one of the most promising and rapidly advancing fields. With the help of these techniques, several crops like rice (Oryza sativa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and sugarcane have been improved to be resistant to viral diseases. This review describes recent advances in genome editing with a particular focus on sugarcane and focuses on the advantages and limitations of these approaches while also considering the regulatory and ethical implications across different countries. It also offers insights into future prospects and the application of these approaches in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study demonstrated the capability of using maize silk as a green, simple, clean, safe, and cost-effective platform for the biosynthesis of cerium oxide (CeO2NPs). Several spectroscopic and microscopic analyses were employed to characterize the resulted biogenic nanoceria. When the concentration of the CeO2NPs was elevated from 25 to 100 ug mL−1, the CeO2NPs exhibited strong scavenging potential ranging from 60.21 to 75.11% and 56 to 77% for 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2-2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) tests, respectively. The quantitative determination of ferulic, sinapic, and p-coumaric acids was carried out using an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and optimized ultrasensitive nanoceria enhanced sequential injection-chemiluminescence (SIA-CL) system. The highest amount was presented by the ferulic acid (1636 ± 2.61 ug/gdw), followed by p-coumaric acid (206 ± 1.12 ug/gdw) and sinapic acid (123 ± 2.15 ug/gdw). The intrinsic capabilities of the biogenic CeO2NPs in enhancing the developed system reveal its potential role in detecting phenolic compounds with great sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical detection of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a tumor marker in biological samples, improves and facilitates the rapid screening and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. A simple, low cost, fast, and green synthesis method to prepare a viable carbon quantum dots/gold (CQDs/Au) nanocomposite fluorescence immunosensing solution for the detection of CA 19-9 was reported. The present method is conducted by preparing glucose-derived CQDs using a microwave-assisted method. CQDs were employed as reducing and stabilizing agents for the preparation of a CQDs/Au nanocomposite. The immobilized anti-CA 19-9-labeled horseradish peroxidase enzyme (Ab-HRP) was anchored to the surface of a CQDs/Au nanocomposite by a peptide interaction between the carboxylic and amine active groups. The CA 19-9 antigen was trapped by another monoclonal antibody that was coated on the surface of microtiter wells. The formed sandwich capping antibody-antigen-antibody enzyme complex had tunable fluorescence properties that were detected under excitation and emission wavelengths of 420 and 530 nm. The increase in fluorescence intensities of the immunoassay sensing solution was proportional to the CA 19-9 antigen concentration in the linear range of 0.01-350 U mL-1 and had a lower detection limit of 0.007 U mL-1. The proposed CQDs/Au nanocomposite immunoassay method provides a promising tool for detecting CA 19-9 in human serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]