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Multiprojektno poslovanje ima stalnu potrebu za određivanjem prioriteta u realizaciji projekata, a zbog ograničenih resursa. Istovremeno se prati veći broj projekata a za svaki projekt se okupljaju timovi. Uporaba ljudskih resursa fleksibilna je, a organizacija je prilagodljiva obzirom da se okolina konstantno mijenja. Voditelji projekta u multiprojektnom poslovanju imaju više odgovornosti nego autoriteta što upravo govori činjenica da se često nalaze u situacijama kada trebaju voljnu i dobrovoljnu suradnju ljudi nad kojima nemaju ovlasti, a kako bi postigli ciljeve organizacije. Multiprojektni procesi vrlo su slične naravi, udruženi su a zahtijevaju stalan način vođenja te upravljanja. Većina organizacija koja provode multiprojektna rješenja ostvaruju značajne rezultate u roku od dva do tri mjeseca, a neke čak i brže. Kao jedan od najvećih izazova muliprojektnog poslovanja možemo navesti ograničenje resursa što znači da je svaka organizacija ograničena sa količinom ljudskih, financijskih i fizičkih resursa dok istovremeno mora odgovarati na izazove i prilike u okruženju.

Od prvih početaka upotrebe elektroničke komunikacije u pravnim poslovima prijevoza stvari morem postojala je potreba pravnog uređenja tog područja na međunarodnoj razini, a kao osnovni cilj postavljeno je postizanje određenog stupnja neutralnosti medija putem kojih se ostvaruju prijevozni poslovi i to na način da se elektronički zapisi odnosno elektroničke poruke u svojoj pravnoj valjanosti i pravnim učincima izjednače s papirnim ispravama. U Rotterdamu je 2009. godine potpisan a nova međunarodna prijevozna konvencija u kojoj se odredbama o elektroničkim prijevoznim ispravama nastojalo postaviti čvrste pravne temelje za primjenu elektroničke trgovine u međunarodnom prijevoznom pravu. No, obzirom na različitosti u regulaciji prijevoznih isprava i elektroničke t rgovine u različitim pravnim sustavima pitanje je može li sustav funkcioniranja elektroničkog ekvivalenta papirnoj prijevoznoj ispravi temeljen na odredbama nove prijevozne konvencije uistinu ostvariti svoju svrhu i osigurati ujednačenu primjenu na globalnom tržištu. U tom kontekstu potrebno je utvrditi i hoće li određene izmjene u hrvatskom pravnom sustavu biti nužne.

Company law in Croatia is governed primarily by the Companies Act, a statute largely modelled on German legislation. Over the past decade, substantial changes in the Companies Act and its provisions governing membership obligations in a limited liability company have been done, mainly to better reflect developments in German and European company Law. In this paper authors provide a comprehensive overview of the rules applicable to the fundamental membership obligations assumed under company agreement, paying special attention to the most important changes introduced by the new legislative amendments. Importance of the examination of this regime is highlighted due to Croatia’s accession to the EU and the expected strengthening of the entrepreneurial activities within SME sector in Croatia.

This paper considers the application provisions of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or partly by Sea (Rotterdam Rules). Differences between Rotterdam Rules and international legislation in force are pointed out. It will also consider whether the application provisions have adequately addressed. The scopes of coverage issues go to the heart of the new convention. This article highlights major topics relating to the scope of coverage. All aspects of this key issue are examined here: the geographic reach of the Convention, criteria that must be satisfied for the Convention to apply, types of transactions that the Convention might govern. Some of these questions have been particularly controversial. Moreover, this paper addresses the circumstances under which the Rotterdam Rules give way to other conventions. Authors discusses issues which may arise form the fact that Convention will covered inward as well as outward carriage. Also, it considers specific exclusions form the Convention. One of the most significant changes made by the Rotterdam Rules to existing law is the expansion of its scope of coverage to include door-to-door transport. The Convention covers both inbound and outbound international shipments to or form a Contracting State. The Convention applies to contracts in both the liner and non-liner trades, but not to charterparties and other contracts for the use of a ship or of any space thereon. A volume contract to which Convention applies may provide for greater or lesser obligations and liabilities than those imposed by Rotterdam Rules.

Concessions are partnerships between public sector and mostly private companies, where the latter exclusively operate, maintain and carry out the development of infrastructure or provide services of general economic interest. Unlike public procurement contracts which are regulated by secondary law of the European Union and public works concessions, which are partially regulated by European rules on public procurement, the award of service concessions is not subject to any secondary law provisions. It is regulated only by the general principles of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Treaty). This situation gives rise to potentially serious distortions of the Internal Market in sense of direct awards of concessions without any competition and generates considerable inefficiencies. At time of pressing demands for efficient spending of public money, there is an urgency in establishing a clear European legislative framework ensuring delivery of works and services at best value for money. This will be guarantied through a Union wide competition for high value concessions where all applicants are given a fair chance of winning the contract. So, the European Commission proposed to the European Parliament and the Council adoption of a Directive on the award of concession contracts (Proposal for a Directive on concessions, the Proposal), which is analyzed in this paper.

Ugovor o koncesiji uobičajeni je pravni posao temeljem kojeg se angažiraju privatni poduzetnici u europskim morskim lukama. Dodjeljivanje ugovora o koncesiji temelji se na općim pravnim načelima koja proizlaze iz Ugovora o funkcioniranju Europske unije, poput transparentnosti, jednakosti postupanja, slobode tržišnog natjecanja i nediskriminacije. Međutim, ti su ugovori samo djelomično regulirani sekundarnim pravom Europske unije o javnim nabavama. Postojeća pravna podreguliranost koncesija na razini Europske unije imala je za posljedicu postojanje pravne nesigurnosti za gospodarske subjekte te stvaranje barijera za njihov ulazak na tržište koncesija država članica EU. To može prouzročiti značajne poremećaje na unutarnjem europskom tržištu u smislu izravnog dodjeljivanja koncesija bez bilo kakve tržišne utakmice uz što se povezuju rizici nacionalnog favoritizma, prijevare i korupcije. To u praksi znači da europskim građanima neće biti dostupne usluge najbolje moguće kvalitete za njihovu cijenu. Zbog toga je Europska komisija dana 20. prosinca 2011. godine donijela Prijedlog za donošenje Direktive Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća o dodjeljivanju ugovora o koncesijama koji je podnesen na usvajanje Europskom parlamentu i Vijeću. Tim je prijedlogom detaljno uređen postupak dodjeljivanja koncesija u Europskoj uniji i proširena je primjena Direktiva 89/665/EEZ i 92/13/EEZ o pravnoj zaštiti u postupcima javne nabave na sve vrste koncesija, uključujući i koncesije za pružanje usluga, pa tako i na koncesije za pružanje lučkih usluga.

Liner shipping involves the transport of cargo, chiefly by container, on regular basis to ports on a particular geographic route, known as a "trade". Consortia are forms of operational cooperation between liner shipping companies with the view to providing a joint maritime cargo transport service. The cooperation within consortium must be limited to operational cooperation, notably sharing space (capacity) on their vessels, so the members of a consortium market their services and fix their prices individually. Consortia are generally found to restrict competition because capacity is the key competition parameter that influences on prices of the transport service. However, consortia enable more efficient use of vessel capacity thus helping to improve the service that would be offered by each of the members individually. Customers receive benefit from such cooperation as long as the consortium is subject to effective competition. Article 101/1 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) regulates the prohibited agreements, agreements which aren't subject to effective competition. Those agreements can be exempted from the prohibition prescribed in Article 101/1 TFEU if they fulfil four conditions laid down in Article 101/3 of the TFEU. The new Consortia block exemption Regulation No 906/2009 sets out different conditions compared to former Regulation No 823/2000 that consortia agreements need to fulfil in order to benefit from an exemption from the prohibition enshrined in Article 101/1 TFEU. These conditions are being analysed in this paper.

U radu se obrađuje aktualno uređenje bankarskih garancija na poziv s aspekta domaće i međunarodne regulative. Polazi se od analize odredbi Zakona o obveznim odnosima pri čemu se pojedinačno pojašnjavaju zakonska određenja i razlozi koji su 2008. godine doveli do posljednjih izmjena tog zakona u ovom području. Materija se razrađuje kroz pitanje pojma bankarske garancije na poziv, potvrde garancije i kontragarancije, prestanka valjanosti garancije te pitanje prijenosa garancije i primitaka iz garancije. Istodobno, primjenom komparativne metode odredbe Zakona o obveznim odnosima uspoređuju se s rješenjima novih Ujednačenih pravila Međunarodne trgovačke komore za garancije na poziv koja su objavljena u publikaciji br. 758. Nova pravila za nezavisne garancije stupila su na snagu 01. srpnja 2010. i od njih se očekuje da postanu standardan tekst za garancije na poziv diljem svijeta. Imajući to u vidu autorice nastoje utvrditi koliko su domaći pozitivni propisi usklađeni s recentnom međunarodnom regulativom., The paper deals with the regulation of demand guarantees in the Croatian legal system and international commercial practice, following the changes that have been taken on this issue over the past few years. The focus of the paper is on the provisions of the Croatian Law on Obligations, last time amended in 2008, which are examined and discussed in detail. Object of the examination includes provisions dealing with the concept of demand guarantee, termination of guarantee, confirmed guarantee and counter-guarantee, as well as the provisions dealing with the issue of transfer and assignment of guarantee. In order to ensure a comprehensive review of this matter, the paper provides comparative overview of the provisions of the new ICC Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees published in the ICC publication no. 758. New set of independent guarantee rules came into force on the 1st July 2010 and is expected to become a standard text for demand guarantees worldwide. Due to this fact, the authors seek to determine the extent to which the local applicable law is consistent with recent international regulation.

Izvješće s redovite skupštine Društva održane na Brijunima u lipnju 2011.

Prikaz knjige (book review).

Rad obrađuje problem odnosa između ugovora o osiguranju robe u transportu i podataka o elementima tereta i njegova stanja sadržanih u teretnici. Kako se teretnica u okviru kargo osiguranja pojavljuje kao jedna od osnovnih isprava kojom se dokazuje nastanak osiguranog slučaja, sa stajališta odnosa iz osiguranja od iznimnog je interesa pitanje dokazne snage teretnice u pogledu podataka o teretu koji se osigurava. Uz navedeno, cilj ovog rada je istaknuti i s tim povezan problem upotrebe jamčevnog pisma čije se izdavanje u poslovnom prometu uobičajilo u zamjenu za čistu teretnicu iako takva praksa sasvim opravdano nije naišla na odobravanje pomorskih osiguratelja.

Because of the specific characteristics of shipbuilding industry, since the early 1970s state aid to shipbuilding has been subject to a series of specific Community rules to deal changing situation in shipbuilding sector, so different directives were adopted in 1969, 1973, 1975, 1978, 1981, 1987 and the last one in 2003 named Framework on state aid to shipbuilding which is subject of consideration of this paper. This paper also analyses the application of the EC rules on state aid in shipbuilding sector in legal order of the Republic of Croatia and its obligations in the light of the Stabilization and Association Agreement and Croatian Government Decision on the publication of the European Community rules on state aid to shipbuilding in gazette of the Republic of Croatia.

Konvencijom Ujedinjenih naroda o ugovorima o međunarodnom prijevozu stvari u cijelosti ili djelomično morem (tzv. Roterdamska pravila) se nastojalo, odredbama o elektroničkim prijevoznim ispravama postaviti čvrste pravne temelje za primjenu elektroničke trgovine u međunarodnom prijevoznom pravu. No, obzirom na različitosti u regulaciji prijevoznih isprava i elektroničke trgovine u različitim pravnim sustavima pitanje je hoće li sustav funkcioniranja elektroničkog ekvivalenta papirnoj prijevoznoj ispravi temeljen na odredbama nove prijevozne konvencije uistinu ostvariti svoju svrhu i osigurati ujednačenu primjenu na globalnom tržištu. Autorice smatraju kako je pravni režim za regulaciju prijevoznih isprava stvoren ovom međunarodnom konvencijom, suprotno očekivanjima, ipak ostao nedovoljan da bi se primjenjivao nezavisno od postojećih pravnih sustava koji u mnogome, zbog različitih ciljeva i regulatornih principa, ostaju različiti u različitim zemljama.

The implementation of the freedom to provide services in the field of maritime cabotage started by Council Regulation (EEC) No 3577/92 applying the principle of freedom to provide services to maritime transport within Member States (maritime cabotage) which is subject of consideration of this paper. Regulation No 3577/92 preserves freedom to operate between two ports in the same Member State to all Community ship owners. The paper also analyses the application of European Community rules on maritime cabotage in legal order of the Republic of Croatia and its obligations in the light of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement.