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Background: This study aims to determine N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and methylprednisolone effects on the lung and pancreas in an experimental acute pancreatitis model.Materials and Methods: A total of 64 male Wistar albino rats weighing 175-240 g were included in the study. Four groups of an equal number of rats (n=16) were formed. For the control group, 80 mcg/kg saline was injected into group 1. 80 mcg/kg cerulein was used to induce pancreatitis in groups 2, 3, and 4. Group 3 received NAC (1,000 mg/kg) and group 4 received methylprednisolone (5 mg/kg). Decapitation was applied to half of the groups after 7 hours (short term) and the other half after 24 hours (long term). Blood amylase and lipase values were examined. Edema in the pancreatic tissue was evaluated using the Schönberg scor-ing. Lung tissue was evaluated using scoring ranging from 0 to 3.Results: Pancreatitis was successfully induced in all subjects in groups 2, 3, and 4. Amylase and lipase values of group 3 and group 4 were lower than group 2 in the short term (p

Amac: Gastrektomi halen mide kanseri tedavisinde en onemli yere sahip iken son yillarda laparoskopik cerrahilerin avantajlarinin gastrik kanser cerrahisinde de oldugunu gosteren yayinlarin cikmasi ile daha populer hale gelmistir. Midenin komsu organ ve damarlar ile yakin iliskisi ve farkli lenfatik yollarin olmasi laparoskopik gastrik kanser tedavisini zorlu kilmaktadir. Tumor histolojisi, cerrahi sinir pozitifligi, batin yikama sitolojisindeki (+) ve yetersiz lenfatik disseksiyon lokal ve sistemik metastazlarin olusmasindaki en onemli faktorlerdendir. Bu calismada Cukurova universitesi genel cerrahi kliniginde gerceklestirilen laparoskopik gastrektomilerin erken donem sonuclarinin paylasilmasi amaclanmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Eylul 2015 - Eylul 2018 tarihleri arasinda yapilan laparoskopik gastrektomiler total ve distal olmak uzere iki gruba ayrilmis teknik, patolojik sonuc ve erken postoperatif komplikasyonlar acisindan incelenmistir. Bulgular: Calismaya 11’i erkek, 7’si kadin olmak uzere 18 hasta dahil edilmistir. Yas ortalamasi 57,4 olup, ortalama BMI 26,3 idi. 13 hastada cerrahi ilk planda tutulmus sadece bes hastaya neoadjuvan tedavi protokolu uygulanmistir. Total gastrektomi 14 hastada , distal gastrektomi 4 hastada tercih edilen ameliyat yontemidir. Tum hastalara tumor yerlesimine gore standart D2 lenf disseksiyonu uygulandi ve Total gastrektomi grubunda Ortalama 33,2 distal gastrektomi grubunda 32 lenf nodu disseke edildi. Ortalama oral baslama suresi ve Total gastrektomi grubunda 6,4 gun distal gastrektomi grubunda 2,5 gun idi. Duodenal guduk kacagi 4 hastada, ozefagojejunostomi kacagi 2 hastada tespit edilirken 1 hastada da dren yerinde kanama goruldu. Sonuc: Laparoskopik gastrektomi ve lenfatik disseksiyonun yeterliligini gosteren bir cok calisma bulunmaktadir. Ancak ogrenim sureci uzun, teknik zorluklari fazla olan bu ameliyatlarda deneyim ve tecrube arttikca ameliyat surenin kisalacagini ve komplikasyon oraninin azalacagini dusunmekteyiz.

Purpose: A significant number of the protective stomas temporarily applied in order to reduce the effects of anastomosis complications after rectal cancer surgery cannot be closed and become permanent. In this study, the causes that can lead to a permanent stoma were investigated.Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent elective surgery with low anterior resection and protective ileostomy due to rectal cancer were included in the study. Patients whose stoma could not be closed within one year were evaluated as permanent stoma.Results: 66 patients were included in the study. The mean closing time for the stomas were found as 5, 6 +2,5 (1-12)months. The stomas of twelve (18.2%) of the patients could not be closed and became permanent. The presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, the proximity of the anastomosis to the anal entry, coloanal anastomosis, and the final pathology showing stage IIIC were found to be risk factors for permanent stoma.Conclusion: Some of the stomas applied temporarily due to surgical treatment of rectal cancer became permanent. Before the index operation, the patient and their relatives should be informed that in the presence of certain risk factors, these stomas may not be closed and become permanent.

Aim:Various factors including free oxygen radicals were have been described in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and combined glutamine (Gln) on experimental colitis.Method:In order to achieve this, rats were randomized and administered intraperitoneal NAC or oral Gln + intraperitoneal NAC one day after experimental colitis model induced with trinitrobenzen sulphonic acid. After the treatment, the rats were sacrificed and colon damage was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Malonyldialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase activity were analyzed biochemically.Results:NAC and Gln + NAC groups showed macroscopically better results than the colitis group. Histopathologically, all treated groups provided significantly lower scores than the colitis group. Similarly, all treated groups provided better biochemical results than the colitis group.Conclusion:According to the results of the experiment, it was concluded that NAC had positive effects on experimental colitis model.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada elektif splenektomi uygulanan olgularda Açık Splenektomi (AS) ile Laparoskopik Splenektominin (LS) karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı’nda 1 Ocak 2013- 1 Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında elektif splenektomi ameliyatı yapılan 95 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik bilgileri etyolojik neden, ameliyat süresi, kan kaybı miktarı, preoperatif dönemde dalak boyut ölçümü yapıldı. Laparoskopik cerrahiden açık cerrahiye geçme zorunluluğu, hastanede yatış süresi, postoperatif kan ürünleri replasmanı ve postoperatif gelişen komplikasyonlar incelendi.Bulgular: Çalışmamıza dahil edilen hastaların %79‘una (n=75) açık splenektomi, % 21 ‘ine (n=20) laparaskopik splenektomi olmak üzere toplam 95 olgu dahil edildi. Çalışmaya alınan olgularda ortalama yaş AS’ de 43.0±17 (18-78), LS’ de ise 39.3±13.9 idi (19-62). AS uygulanan olguların 31 tanesi erkek (% 41.3), 44 tanesi ise kadın (%58.7) cinsiyette idi. LS uygulanan olguların 7 tanesi erkek (%35), 13 tanesi ise kadın cinsiyette (%65) idi. AS uygulanan 75 olgudan 19 (% 25.3) olgu splenomegali, 16 (% 21.3) olgu immün trombositopenik purpura (ITP), 11(% 14.7) olgu kitle,7 (% 9.3) olgu ise Talasemi nedeniyle opere edildi.LS uygulanan 20 olgudan 12 (% 60) olgu ITP, 3 (% 15) olgu Hemolitik anemi, 2 (% 10) olgu ise lenfoma nedeniyle opere edildi. LS’de yatış süresi, kanama miktarı ve dalak boyutu üstün iken; AS’de ameliyat süresi anlamlı derecede üstün bulundu .Sonuç: Komplikasyon oranı, hastanede yatış süresi ve maliyetinin daha az olması nedeni ile LS, OS’ye göre daha güçlü bir alternatiftir.

Amac: Bu calismada lokal ileri evre meme kanserli hastalarda neoadjuvan kemoterapi ile tumor capi, tumorlu dokuda calisilan vaskuler endotelyal buyume faktoru (VEGF), ostrojen reseptoru (ER), progesteron reseptoru (PR), Ki-67 ve Cerb-B2 ekspresyonlarindaki degisimin gosterilmesi amaclanmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Cukurova Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Genel Cerrahi ve Tibbi Onkoloji Bilim Dali’nda 2008 ve 2013 yillari arasinda lokal ileri meme kanseri nedeniyle tedavi goren 69 hastanin verileri prospektif olarak arastirilmistir. Tumor capi, tumorlu dokuda calisilan VEGF, Ki-67, ER, PR ve Cerb-B2 ekspresyonlari immunhistokimyasal (IHK) yontem ile neoadjuvan kemoterapi oncesi ve sonrasi donemde karsilastirmali olarak degerlendirilmistir. Bulgular: Neoadjuvan kemoterapi sonrasi tumor capi, VEGF, Ki-67, ER, PR ve Cerb-B2 ekspresyonlarinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli dusus saptandi. Sonuc: Tumor dokusunda calisilan VEGF duzeyindeki anlamli dusme, tumorun anjiyogenezinin ve bu yolla metastaz yapabilme yeteneginin neoadjuvan kemoterapi etkisiyle azalabilecegi sonucunu telkin etmektedir. Tumor dokusunda calisilan Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksinde anlamli degisim; malign hucre proliferasyonunun neoadjuvan kemoterapi etkisiyle azaldigini gosterebilir.

Achalasia is a well-known disease among esophageal motility disorders, and all treatments for this disease are aimed at relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Recently, endoscopic and surgical myotomy techniques are used more frequently because they give better results than other conservative techniques. In this study, we aimed to present the early results of surgical myotomy and anterior fundoplication techniques in the treatment of achalasia-related dysphagia.Our study enrolled patients who operated with laparoscopic myotomy and anterior fundoplication for achalasia between 2014 and 2019. Patients' demographic and clinical properties, operative details, and postoperative shortterm outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 25 patients (11 women, 14 men) were enrolled. The mean age was 40.72±13.6 (range 18-66) years. The mean LES pressure was 26.6±11.2 (range 16-50) mmHg. The mean esophageal myotomy length was 7.83±1.88 (range 7-12 cm). Esophagus perforation developed in one patient during myotomy. The mean time to start oral feeding was 2.56±0.76 (range 2-4) days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 4.96±1.17 (range 3-8) days. During the follow-up, symptom regression was observed in 92 % of patients at the end of a 1-year.According to our results and available literature, myotomy with Dor fundoplication is an effective technique that can be used to treat achalasia disease.Achalasia, Dor fundoplication, Heller myotomy.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the early results of the safety and efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) injection along with the repair of the internal orifice in the recovery of complex perianal fistula.The study included patients who underwent autologous adipose tissue-derived stemcell injection for complex perianal fistula between December2017 and January2018. The FDA-approved Lipogems® system was used to prepare autologous micro-fragmented adipose stem cells. Demographic characteristics, history of inflammatory bowel disease, fistula type and length of fistula tract determined by endoanal ultrasound, mean operation duration, postoperative complications, and fistula healing of the patients were evaluated. Fistula healing was evaluated on the 30th ,90th days and 9th months.A total of 10 patients, with male predominance, were included in our study. The mean age was 47±13.1 and mean BMI was 28.3±4.79. None of the patients had inflammatory bowel disease Based on endoanal ultrasound findings, fistula type was transsphincteric, extrasphincteric and suprasphincteric for 7, 2 and 1 patients, respectively. Calculated length of fistula tract based on ultrasound was 4.45±1.69(2.5-6.4). Mean duration of operation was 45±7 minutes. None of the patients had any treatment related toxicity, however, two patients experienced bruising at the liposuction site. Healing rate in the follow-up of 30-day, 90-day and 9-month was 70%, 80% and 70%, respectively.In addition to surgical treatment in the form of curettage and closure of the fistula tract, autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue injection is a safe, feasible, and reproducible procedure that can be performed based on the early results in complex anal fistula healing.Lipogems®, Mesenchymal stem cell, Regenerative medicine, Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell.Si comunicano i primi risultati sulla sicurezza ed efficacia dell’iniezione di cellule staminali di derivazione adiposa (ADSC) insieme alla riparazione dell’orifizio interno per il trattamento della fistola perianale complessa. Sono stati inclusi nello studio un totale di 10 pazienti, in prevalenza machi, sottoposti a iniezione autologa di cellule staminali di derivazione dal tessuto adiposo per il trattamento di fistola perianale complessa tra il dicembre 2017 e il gennaio 2018. Per preparare cellule staminali adipose micro frammentate autologhe è stato utilizzato il sistema Lipogems® approvato dalla FDA. Sono state valutate le caratteristiche demografiche, la storia della malattia infiammatoria intestinale, il tipo di fistola e la lunghezza del tratto di fistola determinati con ecografia endoanale, la durata media dell’operazione, le complicanze postoperatorie e la guarigione della fistola dei pazienti. La guarigione della fistola è stata valutata il 30°, 90° giorno e 9° mese. L’età media dei pazienti era di 47 ± 13,1 e l’IMC media era di 28,3 ± 4,79. Nessuno dei pazienti aveva una malattia infiammatoria intestinale In base ai risultati ecografici endoanali, il tipo di fistola era transsfincterico, extrasincincico e soprasfincterico rispettivamente in 7, 2 e 1 paziente. La lunghezza calcolata del tratto di fistola basato sull’ecografia era 4,45 ± 1,69 2,5-6,4. La durata media dell’operazione è stata di 45 ± 7 minuti. Nessuno dei pazienti ha presentato tossicità correlata al trattamento, tuttavia, due pazienti hanno manifestato lividi nel sito di liposuzione. Il tasso di guarigione nel follow-up di 30 giorni, 90 giorni e 9 mesi è stato rispettivamente del 70%, 80% e 70%. Si può concludere che oltre al trattamento chirurgico per curettage e chiusura del tratto di fistola, l’iniezione di tessuto adiposo micro frammentato autologo è una procedura sicura, fattibile e riproducibile che può essere eseguita sulla base dei primi risultati nella complessa guarigione della fistola anale.

Purpose: retrorectal tumors [RTs] are a rare incidence and recommendations on the ideal surgical approaches are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes and follow-up results of patients undergoing excision of RTs at our institution. Methods: a retrospective review was conducted for undergoing surgery for RT between January 2009 and January 2019. Demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, preoperative diagnostic tests, surgical procedures, histopathological results, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative 30-day mortality, 90-day unplanned readmission rate, and long-term outcomes were evaluated. Results: twenty patients with a mean age of 48.3 +/- 14.2 were analyzed. The most common presenting complaint was perineal pain (35.0%). Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography was preferred in 18 and 2 patients, respectively. Tumor localization was below the level of the third sacral vertebrae in 14 patients for whom the posterior surgical approach was used. No postoperative mortality was recorded at the end of follow-up of 53.8 +/- 40 months. Mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 8.6 +/- 9.4 days. Ten percent of the patients had unplanned hospital readmission within 90 days after discharge. Recurrence developed in 1 patient, for whom pathology were reported as chordoma. conclusion: RT should be managed by a multidisciplinary team given the complexity and heterogeneity of these tumors despite the fact that the majority are benign. A good understanding of pelvic anatomy and characterization of lesions through detailed radiological imaging is crucial to optimize surgical planning. Complete surgical resection is key for prolonged disease-free and overall survival of patients diagnosed with RTs., NA

WOS: 000485707300017 Although traumatic diaphragmatic ruptures are rare, it is a critical condition that can cause life-threatening complications. Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture may be discovered years after the presentation of the injury, with gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms due to a diaphragmatic hernia. Intestinal obstruction due to an isolated diaphragmatic rupture that emerges after a penetrating trauma is highly rare. The present study presents the case of a male patient who underwent laparotomy for intestinal obstruction due to a diaphragmatic hernia caused by a sharp object-induced injury to the thorax 1 year prior to his presentation. We believe that diaphragmatic ruptures are one of the reasons of mechanical intestinal obstruction and that they require urgent surgery.

PubMedID: 28340836 Background The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of dosage and type (intramuscular [IM] vs intravenous [IV]) of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) on hepatitis antibody level in liver transplant recipients. Methods Between September 2000 and August 2016, patients who underwent orthotropic liver transplantation for chronic liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. The analyses of risk factors for postoperative short- and long-term anti-hepatitis B surface antibody levels (as classified level I: 0 to 100 U; II: 100 to 500 U; III: 500 to 1000 U; IV: >1000 U) were performed based on demographic characteristics, hepatitis B envelope antigen, hepatitis B core antibody, HBV DNA, delta antigen, HBIG administration dosage during unhepatic phase (5000 or 10,000 I/U; IM or IV), and type of administration in post-transplant period. Patients who were followed for less than 12 months were excluded from long-term analysis. Results The mean follow-up of 58 orthotropic liver transplant patients was 72 (±45) months. No adverse events were observed during both IM and IV type of administration. Compared with IM type, IV administration was associated with a significantly higher HBV antibody level in the short term (for IM and IV: level I: 24% vs 6%; II: 49% vs 18%; III: 12% vs 35%; IV: 15% vs 41%, respectively, P =.007). In the long term, IV administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) was reported as the sole factor causing higher antibody level (P =.002). Longer follow-up was associated with decreased levels of anti-hepatitis B surface antibody. Conclusion IV HBIG administration in preoperative anhepatic phase and postoperative prophylaxis is associated with higher antibody level both the short and long term without any adverse event. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.

The aim of this study is to share the efficacy of the radionuclide occult lesion localization (ROLL) technique in secondary neck exploration in patients who had undergone neck exploration due to thyroid or parathyroid pathology and to share our clinical experience.Data of 25 patients who underwent secondary neck exploration for recurrent thyroid cancer and parathyroid adenoma between January 2016 and December 2018 at the General Surgery Clinic of Balcalı Hospital, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine were collected retrospectively. On the operation day, 0.5 mCi Tc-99m macroaggregate albumin was injected into the lesion under ultrasound guidance (USG). Nerve monitoring was used in all patients.Twenty-five patients (21 females, 4 males) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 54.5 (24-79) years. Five patients were operated for parathyroid adenoma, 6 patients for papillary cancer after subtotal thyroidectomy, 13 patients for papillary cancer recurrence, 2 patients for medullary cancer recurrence, 2 patients for papillary cancer cervical lymph node metastasis and 1 patient for anaplastic cancer recurrence.Mean operative time was 100.6 min (60-160 min). Two patients had transient hypocalcemia and no other complications were seen. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with hyperparathyroidism, Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in patients with recurrent papillary cancer, were significantly lower than preoperative levels (p0.05).We believe that ROLL technique reduces the complication rate by decreasing dissection time and width. We recommend using it for thyroid cancer and parathyroid redo surgery.Parathyroid redo surgery, Radioguided surgery, Thyroid cancer.Lo scopo di questo studio è condividere la nostra esperienza clinica circa l’efficacia della tecnica di localizzazione delle lesioni occulte con da radioisotopi (ROLL) nell’esplorazione chirurgica reiterata del collo in pazienti già esplorati chirurgicamente per patologia tiroidea o paratiroidea. Sono stati raccolti retrospettivamente i dati di 25 pazienti sottoposti a esplorazione reiterata del collo per carcinoma tiroideo recidivo e adenoma paratiroideo tra gennaio 2016 e dicembre 2018 presso la Clinica di Chirurgia Generale dell’Ospedale Balcalı, Facoltà di Medicina dell’Università Çukurova. Il giorno dell’operazione sono stati iniettati nella lesione sotto guida ecografica (USG) 0,5 mCi Tc-99m di albumina macroaggregata. In tutti i pazienti è stato eseguito il monitoraggio dei nervi laringei. I venticinque pazienti (21 femmine, 4 maschi) inclusi nello studio erano di età media di 54,5 (24-79) anni. Cinque pazienti sono stati operati per adenoma paratiroideo, 6 pazienti per carcinoma papillare dopo tiroidectomia subtotale, 13 pazienti per recidiva del carcinoma papillare, 2 pazienti per recidiva del carcinoma midollare, 2 pazienti per metastasi del linfonodo cervicale del carcinoma papillare e 1 paziente per recidiva del carcinoma anaplastico. Durata dell’intervento 100,6 minuti (60-160 minuti). Due pazienti presentavano ipocalcemia transitoria e non sono state osservate altre complicanze. Significativamente inferiori rispetto ai livelli preoperatori i livelli di ormone paratiroideo (PTH) nei pazienti con iperparatiroidismo e i livelli di tireoglobulina (Tg) nei pazienti con carcinoma papillare recidivo (p0,05). In conclusione riteniamo che la tecnica ROLL riduca il tasso di complicanze diminuendo il tempo e la estensione della dissezione chirurgica, e si consiglia di utilizzarlo per il cancro alla tiroide e la chirurgia paratiroidea.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, 9 yıl içerisinde adrenal kitle nedeni ile ameliyat edilen olgularda konvansiyonel ve laparoskopik adrenalektominin sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Adrenalektomi uygulanan 81 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Grup 1 konvansiyonel, Grup 2 Laparaskopik cerrahi olarak hastalar iki grupa ayrıldı. İki grup, yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), Amerikan anestezistler derneği skoru (ASA), kitle lokalizasyonu, kitle büyüklüğü ve kitlenin hormonal aktivitesi, operasyon süresi, operasyonda kanama miktarı, yatış süresi, gıdaya başlama süresi, perioperatif mortalite, erken dönem komplikasyonlar ve 90 gün içinde hastaneye tekrar başvuru gibi özellikleri esas alınarak retrospektif olarak karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Grup 1’de 22, Grup 2’de 59 hasta mevcut idi. Gruplar arasında yaş, cinsiyet, VKİ, ASA skoru, tümör lokalizasyonu, operasyon endikasyonları, postoperatif komplikasyon, perioperatif mortalite ve 90 gün içinde tekrar başvuru açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Kitlenin hormonal aktivitesi Grup 2’de daha yüksek, boyutu ise daha küçük saptandı. Operasyon süresi (dak), ameliyatta kanama miktarı (ml), oral alım süresi (gün) ve hastanede yatış süresi (gün) Grup 1’de daha fazla ve istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Sonuç: Laparoskopik adrenalektomi uygun hastalarda, kısa operasyon süresi, az kan kaybı, oral gıdaya erken başlama süresi ve daha kısa hastanede kalış süresi gibi avantajları, ayrıca güvenli olması nedeni ile tercih edilmesi gereken cerrahi yöntem olmalıdır., Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the results of conventional and laparoscopic adrenalectomy in adrenal mass cases operated on during a 9-year period.Materials and Methods: A total of 81 patients who underwent adrenalectomy were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as; Group 1 - conventional surgery and Group 2 - laparoscopic surgery. Two groups were compared retrospectively on characteristics such as; age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists' score (ASA), mass localization, mass size and hormonal activity of the mass, duration of operation, amount of bleeding in operation, duration of hospitalization, duration until food intake, perioperative mortality, early complications and readmission to hospital within 90 days. Results: There were 22 patients in Group 1 and 59 patients in Group 2. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of age, sex, BMI, ASA score, tumor localization, indications for operation, postoperative complication, perioperative mortality and re-admittance within 90 days. The hormonal activity of the mass was higher and the mass was smaller in size in Group 2. The duration of operation (min), the amount of bleeding in the operation (ml), the duration until oral intake (days) and the length of hospital stay (days) were found to be statistically significantly higher in Group 1.Conclusion: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy should be the preferred surgical method because of its short duration of operation, low blood loss, early onset of oral food intake and shorter hospital stay, as well as its safety.

WOS: 000485683800007 Objective: Formation of gallbladder stone is frequently observed after resection for gastric cancer. Extended lymph dissection is shown to be among risk factors. Materials and Methods: We compared patients with limited lymphatic dissection (D1) and extended lymphatic dissection (D2) in terms of gallstone formation and complications. Results: We observed gallbladder stone formation in 13 (12.8%) patients. Gallbladder stone formation was observed in 11.1% of patients in the D1 group and in 14.3% of patients in the D2 group, but no statistically significant difference was found between lymphatic dissections. Of 13 patients, 5 (38.4%) were symptomatic and 3 (23.1%) developed choledocholithiasis. Five patients who were symptomatic were operated without any problems. The groups did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of cumulative survival times. While patients who underwent D2 dissection had more formed gallbladder stone, there were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The complications related to gallbladder stone developed after gastrectomy can be safely managed.

Aim: Although many studies report risk factors for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC), there are conflicting results in the literature. In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy. Material and Methods: Patients who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer in a single center between September 2015 and September 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. The relationship between anastomotic leakage and clinical variables, tumor characteristics and intraoperative characteristics of 18 parameters were analyzed. The relationship between anastomotic leakage and survival was evaluated.Results: A total of 102 patients were included in the study. Anastomotic leakage rate was 9.81% (10/102). A significant relationship was not determined between anastomotic leakage and age >60 (p:0.232), diabetes mellitus (p:0.334), ASA score >3 (p:0.587), albumin 300 (p:0.582), and operation duration >300 min (p:0.176). Multivariate regression analysis, showed female sex (p: 0.05), body mass index (BMI) >30 (p:0.024) and tumor localization (p:0.005) are independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage. There was a significant difference in mean survival between patients with and without anastomotic leakage (13.9 vs 34.9 months, p: 0.006). Conclusion: Anastomotic leakage was associated with female sex, obesity, and tumor location. We also found that anastomotic leakage adversely affects long-term survival. Detecting risk factors after gastrectomy guides us in the management of patients at the risk for anastomotic leakage.

Aim: We studied to present our initial experience of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) or early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Material and Methods: The results of 20 consecutive patients treated with CRS±HIPEC or EPIC for peritoneal carcinomatosis in our hospital between November 2014 and February 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data of the patients were analyzed. The patients were also divided into two groups as PCI score 10 and PCI score ≥ 10 and a comparison was made between the groups.Results: There were 20 patients in our study. Fifteen patients were female and 5 were male. The mean age was 52.2±15.7 years. Primary tumor was ovarian cancer in 8 patients, colorectal cancer in 8 patients, malignant mesothelioma in 3 patients and gastric cancer in 1 patient. In the ovarian cancer group, CRS alone was applied in 4 patients, CRS+HIPEC in 3 patients and CRS+EPIC in 1 patient. All patients with colorectal cancer underwent CRS+HIPEC. Two of the patients with malignant mesothelioma were treated with CRS+HIPEC and one with CRS+EPIC. The patient with gastric cancer received CRS+HIPEC. The mean peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) was 12.35±7.71. The median completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score was 0 (0-1). The mean operating time was 292.5±59.9 minutes. Perioperative morbidity was developed in 11 patients, and HIPEC-induced toxicity occured in 2 patients. Perioperative mortality was seen in 1 patient. The median overall survival was 17.7 (1.1-56) months. In addition, when two groups were compared, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, gender, origin of tumor, surgical method, CC score, operative time, Clavien-Dindo score, postoperative hospital stay and survival (p>0.05). Conclusion: Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy provide satisfactory results in the treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Good preoperative evaluation, appropriate patient selection and multidisciplinary approach are essential for the success of the curative approach to peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative mortality after gastrectomy.Surgical resection is the only potentially curative method for gastric cancer and is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Material and Methods: Patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer in a single center between September 2015 and September 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. The relationship between postoperative mortality and clinical variables of the patients, tumor characteristics and 10 variables related to intraoperative characteristics were analyzed.Results: 133 patients were included in our study. Postoperative mortality occurred in 10 patients. Our postoperative mortality rate was 7.5%. Male sex (HR = 0.664, 95% CI =0.460–0.961, p=0.030), tumor localization (linitis plastica (HR = 3.594, 95% CI =1.375–9.390, p=0.009), tumor stage 3C (HR =1.713, 95% CI =0.906–3.239, p=0.0032) total gastrectomy (HR = 1.918 95% CI =1.042–3.532, p=0.036), conventional (open) surgery (HR = 2.807 95% CI =1.546–5.096, p= 0.001), operation duration >240 min (HR = 1.758, 95 % CI =1.064–2.906, p= 0.028), was independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality. Age >60 (p=0.463), body mass index (p=0.414), ASA score >3 p=0.862, intraoperative blood loss >300 (p=0.083) and additional organ resection (p=0.649) were not independent risk factors for mortality.Conclusion: Anastomotic leakage was associated with male sex, obesity, and tumor localization. Anastomotic leakage is related with poor survival. Determining the risk factors after gastrectomy guides us in the management of patients at risk for postoperative mortality.

Aim: Colectomies performed according to complete mesocolic excision (CME) principles have demonstrated an improvement in the quality of surgical specimen and a potential improvement of long-term results. The procedure is technically challenging and has a risk of serious complications, especially when performed laparoscopically. We here aimed to analyze our short-term results in relation to laparoscopic CME right hemicolectomy carried out for right-sided colon cancers. Material and Methods: Demographic data and preoperative, perioperative and postoperative parameters of twenty-three patients who underwent laparoscopic CME between January 2017 and January 2019 in our clinic for right-sided colon adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analysed.Results: There were 23 patients in our study and the mean (SD) age was 61.9±14.8. In the present series, 30% of patients were ≥70 years old, and three were ≥80 years old. Four patients were ASA class 3. Fifty-two percent of patients had comorbidities, and two had different system malignancies in their medical history. While the mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 25±4.3, BMI of 4 patients were over 30. Six of patients had a history of previous abdominal surgery. No perioperative mortality was observed. Thirteen percent of the patients developed wound site infection. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 2 cases, and one of them underwent reoperation. The mean (SD) operation time was 168±33 min. Good quality specimens were obtained with a mean (SD) length of 34.2±9.7 cm, a proximal margin of 14±8.2 cm and a distal margin of 16.6±8.9 cm. The mean (SD) number of harvested lymph nodes was 31.9±7.7. The radial surgical margin of all specimens was negative. The mean (SD) postoperative hospital stay was 7.2±2.8 days.Conclusion: We believe that our CME technique performed by laparoscopic method for right-sided colon cancers is safe and applicable, and allows obtaining good quality specimens when evaluating the short-term results. However, there is still a need for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the contribution to survival.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada elektif splenektomi uygulanan olgularda Açık Splenektomi (AS) ile Laparoskopik Splenektominin (LS) karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı’nda 1 Ocak 2013- 1 Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında elektif splenektomi ameliyatı yapılan 95 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik bilgileri etyolojik neden, ameliyat süresi, kan kaybı miktarı, preoperatif dönemde dalak boyut ölçümü yapıldı. Laparoskopik cerrahiden açık cerrahiye geçme zorunluluğu, hastanede yatış süresi, postoperatif kan ürünleri replasmanı ve postoperatif gelişen komplikasyonlar incelendi.Bulgular: Çalışmamıza dahil edilen hastaların %79‘una (n=75) açık splenektomi, % 21 ‘ine (n=20) laparaskopik splenektomi olmak üzere toplam 95 olgu dahil edildi. Çalışmaya alınan olgularda ortalama yaş AS’ de 43.0±17 (18-78), LS’ de ise 39.3±13.9 idi (19-62). AS uygulanan olguların 31 tanesi erkek (% 41.3), 44 tanesi ise kadın (%58.7) cinsiyette idi. LS uygulanan olguların 7 tanesi erkek (%35), 13 tanesi ise kadın cinsiyette (%65) idi. AS uygulanan 75 olgudan 19 (% 25.3) olgu splenomegali, 16 (% 21.3) olgu immün trombositopenik purpura (ITP), 11(% 14.7) olgu kitle,7 (% 9.3) olgu ise Talasemi nedeniyle opere edildi.LS uygulanan 20 olgudan 12 (% 60) olgu ITP, 3 (% 15) olgu Hemolitik anemi, 2 (% 10) olgu ise lenfoma nedeniyle opere edildi. LS’de yatış süresi, kanama miktarı ve dalak boyutu üstün iken; AS’de ameliyat süresi anlamlı derecede üstün bulundu .Sonuç: Komplikasyon oranı, hastanede yatış süresi ve maliyetinin daha az olması nedeni ile LS, OS’ye göre daha güçlü bir alternatiftir., Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare open splenectomy (OS) and laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in patients undergoing elective splenectomy. Materials and Methods: The study included 95 patients who underwent elective splenectomy between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2018 in the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University. Demographic information, etiology, duration of operation, amount of blood loss and preoperative spleen size were measured. The necessity to switch from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery, duration of hospitalization, postoperative blood products replacement and postoperative complications were examined.Results: A total of 95 patients, 79% (n=75) who underwent OS, and 21% (n=20) who underwent LS were included in our study. The mean age in the study group was 43.0 ± 17 (18-78) for OS and 39.3 ± 13.9 in LS (19-62). Of the patients who underwent OS, 31 were male (41.3%) and 44 were female (58.7%). Of the patients who underwent LS, 7 were male and 13 were female (65%). Of the 75 cases who underwent OS; 19 (25.3%) were treated for splenomegaly, 16 (21.3%) for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 11 (14.7%) for a mass, and 7 (9.3%) cases were operated on for Thalassemia. Of the 20 cases who underwent LS; 12 (60%) cases were operated on for ITP, 3 (15%) cases for hemolytic anemia and 2 (10%) cases for lymphoma.The length of hospital stay, amount of bleeding and spleen size were superior in LS; while the duration of surgery was significantly higher in OS.Conclusion: LS is a stronger alternative to OS because of its lower complication rate, hospitalization time and cost.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada semptomatik ekstragenital yerleşimli intraabdominal endometriozis olgularıyla ilgili klinik deneyimimizi sunmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada değişik endikasyonlar sebebiyle opere edilen ve nihai histopatojik incelemesinde endometriozis olarak rapor edilen olgular değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik özelliklerinin yanısıra klinik prezentasyonları, lokalizasyonları, yapılan cerrahiler ve takip süresi içindeki rekürens oranları değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda histopatolojik olarak konfirme edilmiş 778 endometriozis tanısı almış hastalar retrospektif olarak incelendi. 32 (%4.1) olguda ekstragenital abdominal yerleşim mevcut olup, hastaların tamamı semptomatik idi. Hastaların başvuru esnasındaki en sık semptomları karın ön duvarda ele gelen kitle (n:13 %40.6) ve kronik tekrarlayan abdominal/pelvik ağrı (n:9, %28.1) şeklindeydi. Abdominal ekstragenital endometriozisli olguların %22’sinde (n=7) klinik tanısı preoperatif dönemde konmuştu. Yapılan operasyonlar ise karın ön duvarından kitle eksizyonu, (n=14, %43.8), apendektomi (n=5,%15.7), pelvik kitle eksizyonu (n=6,%18.8), anterior rezeksiyon (n=3,%9.4), sağ hemikolektomi (n=2,%6,3), laparotomi ile birlikte üriner stentleme (n=2,%6,3) idi. Ortalama 42 aylık takip süresinin sonunda 6 olguda (%18.7) nüks izlendi. Sonuç: Endometriozis, ekstragenital tutulum sebebiyle reproduktif dönemde değişik nedenlere bağlı olarak abdominal cerrahi planlanan kadınlarda ayırıcı tanıda düşünülmelidir. Komplet cerrahi eksizyonun yansıra, endometrizis tanısının pre- veya intraoperatif dönemde konulması durumunda yara koruyucu kullanılması nüks oranlarının azalmasını sağlayabilir. Purpose: This study aimed to present our clinical experience on symptomatic intaabdominal extragenital endometriosis cases. Materials and Methods: In this study, patients undergoing surgery various indications and for which final histopathologic results reported as endometriosis were evaluated. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, localization of disease, surgical procedures and recurrence rates within follow-up period were presented. Results: Histopathologically confirmed 778 endometriosis patients were retrospectively analyzed. Extragenital abdominal endometriosis were present in 32 (4.1%) patients and all cases were symptomatic. The most common symptoms at index admission were mass detected within abdominal wall (n:13; 40.6%) and chronic recurrence abdominal/pelvic pain (n:9, 28.1%). 22% (n=7) of patients with abdominal extragenital endometriosis were diagnosed preoperatively. The operations performed were as follows: mass excision from the abdominal wall (n=14, 43.8%), appendectomy (n=5, 15.7%), pelvic mass excision(n=6, 18.8%), anterior resection (n=3, 9.4%), right hemicolectomy (n=2, 6,3%) , and laparotomy with urinary stenting (n=2, 6,3%). Recurrence is reported in 6 (18.7%) cases at median follow-up of 42 months. Conclusion: Due to extragenital involvement, endometriosis should be part of differential diagnosis in all women who are reserved for abdominal surgery during reproductive era. Along with the complete excision, wound protector use can potentially decrease recurrence rates in cases diagnosed pre- or intraoperatively as endometriosis.

Objective: Limited data are available in regards to the surgical management and outcomes of insulinoma. This study aimed to assess the outcomes associated with surgical treatment of insulinoma, as the most common pancreatic endocrine tumor Methods: Medical records of patients who diagnosed as insulinoma from 2000 to 2010 at General Surgery Department of Cukurova University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical treatment (resection vs. enucleation) was based on preoperative radiological investigations (abdominal spiral contrast tomography, ultrasound, selective angiography for selected cases) and intra-operative ultrasound imaging once indicated. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of insulinoma is associated with favorable outcomes.Intra-operative ultrasound with manual palpation is still the gold standard for localizing insulinoma. Location, size and relationship with main pancreatic duct of the lesions are key components for the selection of optimal surgical procedure. Giriş: İnsülinomanin cerrahi yönetimi ve sonuçlarıyla ilişkili olarak sınırlı miktarda bilgiler mevcuttur.Bu çalısma en sık pankreatik endokrin tümör olan insülinomaların cerrahi tedavisiyle ilgili sonuçları değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır Yöntemler: Çukurova Üniverstitesi Genel Cerrahi Departmanında 2000 ile 2010 yılları arasında insulinoma tanısıyla ameliyat edilen hastalar geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Rezeksiyon yada enükleasyondan oluşan cerrahi tedavi kararı preoperatif radyolojik değerlendirme (abdominalkontrastlı tomografi, ultrason ve endikasyou olan hastaraselektifanjiografi) ve intraoperatifultrasonografik görüntülemeye göre yapıldı. Bulgular: Cerrahi olarak tedavi edilen, insulinoma tanısı alan ve ortalama takip süresi 5.3 yıl (0.5-10) olan 13 hasta (K/E:9/4) calışmayadahil edildi. Enükleasyon 11 hastaya uygulanırken 2 hastaya distalpankreatektomi (biri dalak koruycu) uygulandı. Mortalite izlenmedi. Cerrahi sonrası tüm hastalar tekrar ameliyat gereksinimi olmaksızın kabul edilebilir komplikasyon oranları (panreatik fistül, n=3; pankreatit, n=1) ile normoglisemik hale geldi. Sonuç: İnsülinomanin cerrahi tedavisi olumlu klinik sonuçlarla ilişkilidir. İnsulinomanin lokalizasyonunu saptamada intraoperatifultrasonla birlikte palpasyonla yapılan değerlendirme altın standarda sahiptir. Uygun cerrahi prosedürü belirlemede lezyonun lokalizasyonu, boyutu ve ana pankreatik kanal ile ilişkisi kritik öneme sahiptir.

Giriş: Alveolar ekinokokkoz (AE) primer olarak karaciğeri etkileyen ve tümör benzeri davranış gösteren, agresif ve potansiyel olarak fatal bir infeksiyondur. Bu infeksiyon için cerrahi prosedürlere ilişkin sonuçlar nadiren raporlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada hepatik AE'in cerrahi tedavisi ile ilişkili olarak uzun dönem sonuçları değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntemler: 2001 ve 2013 yılları arasında, metastaz durumuna bakılmaksızın hepatik AE nedeniyle komplet rezeksiyon için uygun bulunan hastaların yönetimi ve sonuçları tanımlandı. Tüm hastaların preoperatif AE tanısı klinik bulgular, görüntüleme teknikleri ve serolojik testelere göre konuldu. Echinococcus multilocularis metasestod antijenine karşı oluşan antikor düzeyleri, Western Blot tekniğiyle elde edilen AE serolojik tanısı için spesifik markırlarlar olarak kullanıldı. Oral albendazol protokolü komplet rezeksiyonun yapılabildiği tüm hastalara uygulandı. Bulgular: Çalışma periyodu boyunca patolojik olarak hepatik AE olduğu konfirme edilen 12 hastaya (K/E=7/5) komplet rezeksiyon uygulandı. Ortanca takip süresi 82 ay idi. En sık başlangıç semptomları karın ağrısı (n=9) ve sarılık (n=4) idi. Beyin, sürrenal, dalak ve kolon olmak üzere 4 hastada metastaz tespit edildi. Alınan uygun önlemlere karşın bir hastada mortalite gözlenirken, gelişen diğer komplikasyonların tamamı başarı ile tedavi edildi. Sonuç: İleri evre hepatik AE olgularında uzun dönemdeki olumlu sonuçlar, komplet cerrahi rezeksiyon ile birlikte yapılan Albendazol uygulaması ile elde edilebilir. Objective: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an aggressive and potentially fatal infection, which affects the liver primarily and presents as a tumor-like lesion. Outcomes associated with surgical procedures for this infection have been rarely reported. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate long-term surgical treatment outcomes associated with hepatic AE. Methods: Between 2001 and 2013, the management and outcomes of twelve consecutive hepatic AE patients who were considered feasible for complete hepatic resection with/without metastasectomy were described. In all patients, pre-operative diagnosis of AE was based on clinical findings, imaging studies, and serological tests. Antibodies against antigens of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes were screened as specific markers for the serological diagnosis of AE by Western blot. The oral albendazole protocol was administered for hepatic AE patients who had complete resection. Results: Twelve patients (F/M=7/5) underwent complete resection for pathologically confirmed hepatic AE during the study period. Median follow-up was 82 months. The most common initial symptom was abdominal pain (n=9) followed by jaundice (n=4). Four patients had metastasis: Brain, surrenal, splenic and colon. One patient was lost due to massive pulmonary emboli despite appropriate interventions. All other complications that emerged were treated successfully. Conclusion: Long-term favorable outcomes can be achieved by complete surgical resection followed by chemotherapy with albendazole in advanced hepatic AE cases

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical value of neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting postoperative complications, lymph node positivity and prognosis in patients who underwent curative surgical resection.Material and Methods: Patients who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2015 and 2018 were included in the study. Two groups, Group 1 (LowNLR) and Group 2 (HighNLR), were formed. Demographic and clinical characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, and mean survival were compared. The value of NLR in predicting lymph node positivity and postoperative complications was evaluated at the cutoff value determined for NLR.Results: Patients were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value of 2.14. Group 1 consisted of 36 patients and Group 2 consisted of 68 patients. Female sex was higher in Group 2 (72% vs 52%) (p:0.41). Postoperative complication rates according to Clavien Dindo classification were similar (p:0.9). The number of dissected positive lymph nodes was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (9 vs 6) (p:0.041). Pathological stage (p:0.188), and overall survival (24.61vs21.12,p:0.206) were similar between the groups. We found NLR as a risk factor for survival in multivariate analysis (HR=0.255, 95%CI: 0.024–0.427, p:0.029). If the NLR value was less than 2.14, the patient had According to Clavien Dindo classification Grade 2 and above complications, with a sensitivity of 46.3% and specificity of 76.0%. A positive lymph node was detected with 44.26% sensitivity and 65.12% specificity. Conclusion: Preoperative high NLR is a risk factor for survival in patients with gastric cancer. High NLR is also closely associated with the risk of postoperative complications.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to compare the results of conventional and laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with adrenal masses greater than 6 cm.Material and Methods: Thirty-six patients with tumor size greater than 6 cm who underwent adrenalectomy between January 2011 and January 2018 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 conventional and Group 2 Laparoscopic surgery. The two groups were retrospectively compared in terms of age, sex, mass localization, mass size, duration of operation, amount of bleeding, duration of hospitalization, duration of onset of food intake, perioperative mortality, early period complications and re-admission to the hospital within 90 days. P0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There were 13 patients in Group 1 and 23 patients in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, sex, tumor localization, tumor size, indications for operation, postoperative complications, perioperative mortality and readmission within 90 days. Duration of operation (min), amount of bleeding (ml), duration of oral intake (day) and duration of hospitalization (day) were higher in Group 1 and statistically significant.Conclusion: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has demonstrated advantages in patients with a mass greater than 6 cm compared to conventional surgery, such as short operation duration, less blood loss, early onset of oral food intake and shorter hospital stay. It can be safely used in patients with a mass larger than 6 cm.

Ülseratif kolit hastalarında en sık anemi nedeni demir eksikliği olmakla birlikte vitamin eksiklikleri, kullanılan immünsupresiflere bağlı anemi de görülebilir. Otoimmün hemolitik anemi eritrositlere karşı üretilen oto- antikorlar sonucu gelişen nadir bir hastalıktır. İdiyopatik veya sekonder olabilir (lenfoproliferatif hastalıklar, sistemik lupus eritematozus, ülsera- tif kolit, enfeksiyon, tümörler). İnflamatuvar barsak hastalığı zemininde otoimmün hemolitik anemi tedavisi genellikle zor olan bir durumdur. Anemia in ulcerative colitis is most frequently caused by iron deficien- cy. Vitamin deficiencies and immunosuppressive therapy may also play a role in the etiology of anemia. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare disorder that develops in response to autoantibodies against eryth- rocytes. It can be either idiopathic or secondary (lymphoproliferative disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, infections, tumors). Autoimmune hemolytic anemia treatment in patients with in- flammatory bowel disease usually presents a challenge.

Background: Pigmented mammary Paget’s disease (PMPD) of the male breast is extremely rare, and only few cases have been reported to date. Due to the scarcity of the disease, diagnosis as well as treatment is usually delayed. Men tend to present with earlier symptoms, nevertheless, prognosis is known to be worse, with only 20% to 30% of the patients surviving over a five year period. Methods: A case report of a 47-year-old male who presented with a chronic pigmented lesion on the nipple that was later on diagnosed as PMPD. Results: Microscopic pathological evaluation of mastectomy specimen of the nipple revealed invasive ductal carcinoma Grade II and in situ ductal carcinoma. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were 95% and 80% positive for tumor cells. Atypical cells stained positivite for anticytokeratin 7, c-erbB-2, and CEA on immunohistochemistry while cytoplasmic dusty melanin pigments stained focally positive for S-100 and HMB-45. Conclusion: Although being a rare entity; PMPD should always be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in melanocytic lesions of the nipple. Histopathology including immunohistochemical staining should always be performed for the correct diagnosis and management.

PubMedID: 26093739 Objectives This study presents the overall long-term hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence rate with possible associated factors after hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) was given in combination with 4 different antiviral (lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and tenofovir) drugs. Patients and Methods Between September 2000 and October 2013, the medical records of 42 adult patients who underwent liver transplantation at the Cukurova University Medical Hospital for chronic liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to chronic HBV were reviewed retrospectively. The analyses of risk factors for recurrence were performed based on the efficacy of hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), HBV DNA, preoperative prophylaxis, and the presence of HCC. Posttransplantation HBV recurrence was defined as persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity after orthotopic liver transplantation, or the reappearance of HBsAg and HBV DNA after initial HBsAg undetectability despite prophylaxis. Results The mean follow-up of 28 patients having HBIG and lamivudine prophylaxis was 73.25 ± 37.5 months with a recurrence rate of 3.5%. The mean follow-up of 2 patients having HBIG and adefovir prophylaxis was 90 ± 46.6 months with a 50% recurrence rate. The mean follow-up of each 6 patients who received prophylaxis with entecavir and tenofovir groups were 27.5 ± 16.1 and 16.17 ± 5.3 respectively, with no posttransplantation recurrence for both groups. On univariate analysis, preoperative factors such as anti-HBc, HBV DNA, preoperative prophylaxis, and the presence of HCC did not show any correlation with recurrence. However, HBeAg showed statistical significance for recurrence. Conclusions Low-dose HBIG in combination with antiviral agents (lamivudine, entecavir, and tenofovir) is efficacious in preventing recurrence of HBV in posttransplantation patients. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

AMAÇ: Abdominal kompartman sendromu (AKS), sınırlı bir anatomik alana sahip karında basıncın akut ve patolojik artışı ile karakterize olup, tedavi edilmediği takdirde yüksek oranda mortaliteyle sonuçlananan klinik bir durumdur. Karıniçi basıncın progresif yükselmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan bu sendromun etkileri sistemik olarak ortaya çıkar. Abdominal kompartman sendromunun tedavisi, artmış karıniçi basıncın düşürülmesidir. Dekompresif laparotomi kararını vermede en önemli kriter hastanın klinik tablosudur. Grade 3 ve 4 hastalarda dekompresif laparatomiyi takiben ameliyat sonrası karıniçi basıncın tekrar yükselmesini engellemek için karın kapatılmaz, açık abdomen uygulanır. Bu çalışmada, dekompresif laparotomi uygulanmış evre 3 ve 4 AKS'li hastalara geçici karın kapatılmasında kullanılan Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) ve Bogota bag yöntemlerinin randomize ileriye yönelik değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalışmaya Şubat 2007 ile Eylül 2010 tarihleri arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Yoğun Bakımı'na travma, geçirilmiş cerrahi sonrası ya da medikal takiplerinin izlemi sırasında AKS gelişmiş ve tedavilerinin bir parçası olarak dekompresif laparotomi uygulanmış 40 hasta alındı. Hastalar ardışık randomizasyon yöntemi ile VAC ve Bogota bag olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Geçici karın kapama yöntemleri olan bu yöntemlerin sonuçları gruplar arasında randomize ileriye yönelik olarak klinik, laboratuvar, morbidite ve mortalite yönünden karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilldi. BULGULAR: Her iki gruptaki hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi ve yandaş hastalıkları gibi demografik özellikleri arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. AKS gelişen hastalarda etiyolojik faktörler arasında en sık neden 12 hastada (%30) görülen gastrointestinal sistem perforasyonu idi. İnsizyon boyutu ölçümlerinde VAC grubunda daha anlamlı bir azalma vardı. Hastanın primer fasya kapatılması için uygun hale gelmesi için geçen zaman VAC grubunda 16.9 gün iken, Bogota bag'li grupta 20.5 gün idi. Karıniçi basıncı düşürme değerlendirildiğinde; her iki grupta 1., 4. ve 7. günlerde benzer oranlarda düşme saptanırken, ameliyat sonrası 14. günde VAC grubunda anlamlı olarak daha fazla düşme saptandı. Mortalite gelişen hasta sayısı 12 (%30) iken, beş (%12.5) hasta VAC grubuna, yedi (%17.5) hasta Bogota bag grubuna aitti. TARTIŞMA: Bulgulara dayanarak geçici karın kapama yöntemi olarak VAC uygulamasının daha uygun olduğu kanaatindeyiz. BACKGROUND: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive intraabdominal organ dysfunction resulting from an acute increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). In the absence of prompt treatment, ACS can lead to lethal organ failure. Treatment of ACS is achieved by immediate decompression of the abdominal cavity. As to how and when decompression laparotomy should be performed depends on the clinical condition of the patients. There is limited data regarding outcomes of abdominal closure techiques. The present study aimed to investigate two different temporary closure methods, the vacuum assisted closure (VAC) and Bogota bag techniques, in 40 patients who underwent decompressive laparotomy as part of the management of ACS.METHODS: The study included 40 patients who developed ACS during follow-up or following trauma and abdominal surgery. As part of the treatment for ACS, these patients underwent decompressive laparotomy at the Cukurova University Medical Faculty, General Surgery Department and followed up in the Intensive Care Unit of the same hospital. VAC and Bogota bag procedures were performed as temporary closure methods for the treatment of ACS. Patients were randomly assigned to each of the two groups according to the temporary closure method performed. Clinical, laboratory, mortality and morbidity results of the patients in both groups were compared.RESULTS: Demographic features of the patients (age, sex, body mass index, co-morbidities) were similar between the two groups. The most common reason of ACS was gastrointestinal perforation in 12 (30%) patients. Decrease in incision width was significantly faster in the VAC group than in the Bogota group. Primary closure of fascia was considered appropriate in 16.9 days in the VAC group and 20.5 days in the Bogota bag group. The decrease in abdominal pressure was similar between the two groups on days 1, 4 and 7 but appeared to be significantly lower on day 14 in the VAC group. 12 patients (30%) died during the study. Among the deceased patients, 5 (12%) were in the VAC group, whereas, 7 (17.5%) belonged to the Bogota bag group.CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it is suggested that VAC has advantages when compared to the Bogota bag as a temporary closure method in the management of abdominal compartment syndrome

Daha önceden herhangi bilinen bir hastalığı olmayan yemeklerden sonra epigastrik ağrı ve kilo kaybı şikayeti olan, radyolojik ve endoskopik olarak mide kanseri düşünülen ancak endoskopik biyopsi ile tanı konulamayan 42 yaşında kadın hastaya laparotomi ile primer mide tüberkülozu tanısı konuldu. Anti-tüberküloz tedavi sonrası klinik, radyolojik ve endoskopik tam yanıt elde edildi. A 42-year-old female patient with no previous known diseases who had complaints of postprandial epigastric pain and weight loss and who could not be diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy, although gastric cancer was suspected radiologically and endoscopically, was diagnosed with primary gastric tuberculosis by laparotomy and frozen section. Following anti-tuberculosis treatment, a complete clinical, radiological, and endoscopic response was achieved.

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the small bowel. The majority of cases are asymptomatic; however, life-threatening complications can also take place. We present a case of a 37-year-old male who was admitted with symptoms of acute, severe abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. The patient was operated on with the preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis but the operative findings were consistent with torted Meckel’s diverticulum due to presence of mesodiverticular band and he was treated successfully with surgical resection.

AMAÇ: Enfeksiyon ve sepsis, sekonder peritonitli hastalarda morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli sebeplerinden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Klinisyenler helen septik komplikasyonların erken ve güvenilir tanı yöntemini bulma konusunda çaba sarfetmektedir. Bu çalışmada sekonder peritonitin şiddetini belirlemede enflamatuvar markır olarak Prokalsitonin (PKT), C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve tiroit hormonlarının yerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Ocak 2008-Ocak 2010 tarihleri arasında, sekonder peritonit nedeniyle ameliyat olan 84 ardışık hasta üzerinde ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası 1-3-5-7-14. günlerde PKT, CRP ve tiroit hormaon seviyeleri incelendi. Veriler Statistical Package for Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS 15.0) programında analiz edildi. BULGULAR: Organ perforasyonu (peptik ülserperforasyonu, ince bağırsak ve kolon perforasyonu) olan olgular değerlendirildiğinde, PKT anlamlı olarak düşük seyretti. Ameliyat sonrası komplikasyonu olan veya ölen hastalara göre ameliyat sonrası dönemi sorunsuz olan veya taburcu olan hastalarada yüksek tiroit hormon düzeyler gözlendi. PKT düzeyleri ise CRP düzeylerleri ve beyaz küre sayısıyla anlamalı olarak ilişkili bulundu. TARTIŞMA: Ameliyat sonrası komplikasyonların yokluğunda PKT, sekonder peritonit tanısında CRP'den daha iyi bir belirliyicidir. Çalışmamız sekonder peritonitin şiddetini belirlemede düşük tiroit hormon düzeylerinin önemli bir prognostik faktör olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. AMAÇ: Enfeksiyon ve sepsis, sekonder peritonitli hastalarda morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli sebeplerinden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Klinisyenler helen septik komplikasyonların erken ve güvenilir tanı yöntemini bulma konusunda çaba sarfetmektedir. Bu çalışmada sekonder peritonitin şiddetini belirlemede enflamatuvar markır olarak Prokalsitonin (PKT), C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve tiroit hormonlarının yerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Ocak 2008-Ocak 2010 tarihleri arasında, sekonder peritonit nedeniyle ameliyat olan 84 ardışık hasta üzerinde ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası 1-3-5-7-14. günlerde PKT, CRP ve tiroit hormaon seviyeleri incelendi. Veriler Statistical Package for Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS 15.0) programında analiz edildi. BULGULAR: Organ perforasyonu (peptik ülserperforasyonu, ince bağırsak ve kolon perforasyonu) olan olgular değerlendirildiğinde, PKT anlamlı olarak düşük seyretti. Ameliyat sonrası komplikasyonu olan veya ölen hastalara göre ameliyat sonrası dönemi sorunsuz olan veya taburcu olan hastalarada yüksek tiroit hormon düzeyler gözlendi. PKT düzeyleri ise CRP düzeylerleri ve beyaz küre sayısıyla anlamalı olarak ilişkili bulundu. TARTIŞMA: Ameliyat sonrası komplikasyonların yokluğunda PKT, sekonder peritonit tanısında CRP’den daha iyi bir belirliyicidir. Çalışmamız sekonder peritonitin şiddetini belirlemede düşük tiroit hormon düzeylerinin önemli bir prognostik faktör olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Background: Esophageal schwannomas are very rarely seen neurogenic tumors and constitute less than 2% of all esophageal tumors. The current study reports a case of benign esophageal schwannoma and re-evaluates esophageal schwannomas including our case with the other 42 cases in the literature. Methods: A 61-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic with the complaints of dysphagia and a weight loss. In her upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy, a 20-25-cm submucosal lesion was seen, which compressed the esophagus from outside. On computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax, a mass lesion was detected at the posterior mediastinum. After a preoperative detailed evaluation, a right posterolateral thoracotomy was performed. The mass was excised with the enucleation technique. The diagnosis of benign esophageal schwannoma was made with immunohistochemical examination. Results: Postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusions Generally, the prognosis of esophageal schwannomas is excellent. Complete removal of the mass producing a negative surgical margin, and in malignant cases, excision of the regional lymph nodes, should be essential for long-term disease-free survival. © Springer-Verlag 2014.

Fasiola hepatika, Turkiye ve komşu ulkelerinde gorulen endemik bir hayvan hastalığıdır. Parazitin hayat siklusunda insanlar rastlantı olarak konakcı olurken asıl konakcı koyunlardır. Hastalığın hepatik (akut) ve biliyer (kronik) olmak uzere iki evresi vardır. Parazitler biliyer sisteme ulaştıklarında kolestaza ba.lı kolanjit semptomları gorulur ve bu durum kolaylıkla tıkanma sarılı.ının diğer nedenleri ile karıştırılabilir. Biz bu calışmada kolanjiyokarsinomdan guclukle ayırt edilebilen Fasiola hepatikalı bir olguyu sunuyoruz. Turkiyenin doğu kesiminde yaşıyan 47 yaşında kadın hasta ateş, sarılık ve karın sağ üst kadranda ağrı şikayeti ile klini. imize başvurdu. Total bilirubin değeri 4.2 mg/dl, aspartat aminotransferaz 55 iu/L, alanin aminotransferaz 65 iu/L, alkalen fosfataz 325 iu/L, ve gamma-glutamil transpeptidaz 172 iu idi. Ca19.9 ve karsinoembriyonik antijen dahil tum tumor belirtecleri normal sınırlardaydı. Detaylı bir değerlendirmeden sonra laparatomi yapılarak, kolesistektomi, koledokotomi ve T-tup drenaj yapıldı. Koledoktan cok sayıda parazit cıkartıldı. Cıkartılan parazitlerden biri parazitoloji laboratuvarına gonderildi. İndirekt hemaglunitasyon testi 1/320 (+) bulundu. Sonuc olarak bu paraziter hastalığın kronik evresi tıkanma sarılı.ının di.er nedenleri ile kolaylıkla karışabilir. Bu nedenle Fasiola hepatika, ozellikle endemik bolgelerde, tıkanma sarılığının ayırıcı tanısı yapılırken akılda tutulmalıdır. Fasciola hepatica is an endemic zoonotic disease in Turkey and neighboring countries. The usual definitive host is the sheep; humans are accidental hosts in the life cycle of the Fasciola. There are two disease stages: the hepatic (acute) and biliary (chronic) stages. When the flukes enter the bile ducts, the symptoms of cholestasis and cholangitis may present, which can easily be misdiagnosed as obstructive jaundice of other causes. We present a case of fascioliasis, which was difficult to differentiate from cholangiocarcinoma. A 47-year-old woman from Eastern Turkey presented with fever, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and jaundice. Total bilirubin was 4.2 mg/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 55 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase 65 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 325 IU/L, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 172 IU/L. All tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen and Ca19-9 were in normal values. After extended evaluation, an explorative laparotomy with cholecystectomy, choledochostomy and T-tube drainage was performed. Multiple flukes were removed from the choledochus. One of the parasites was sent to the parasitological clinic for identification. The result of an indirect hemagglutination test for F. hepatica was 1/320 (+). In conclusion, the chronic phase of this zoonotic infection can be easily misdiagnosed as any other cause of obstructive jaundice. Thus, F. hepatica should be considered in the differential diagnosis of common bile duct obstruction, especially in endemic areas. Top