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Copyright of Automatisierungstechnik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Assessment of energetic renovations for residential buildings by optimization The energetic renovation of existing buildings plays a crucial role in the decarbonization of the building sector. For the best allocation of available resources, a holistic quantification and optimization of renovation decisions is necessary. In this context optimization methods offer potential that has so far hardly been used, especially in German‐speaking countries. A new methodology is presented that allows the optimization of variable target functions. The methodology uses a mathematical replacement model based on selective results from dynamic building simulations. The strength of the proposed method lies in the analysis of a very large number of renovation combinations with minimal computational effort. The applicability to real objects is verified using two different exemplary residential building types. The resulting renovation strategies from the analysis are presented for 3 different target cost functions which include investment and operating costs as well as CO2 emissions under different restrictions. The method can currently be used to assess and optimize the heating demands of residential buildings. For the future different extensions of the methodology are planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the best conditions for synthesizing the cobalt oxide nanofibers using the electrospinning method was investigated. For this purpose, the effect of various factors such as solvent, calcination temperature, and polymer concentration on the crystal structure, morphology, and size of the synthesized samples was evaluated. An extensive characterization of the products was performed using x‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. X‐ray diffractometry results of fabricated samples at different temperatures confirm cobalt oxide synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the best fibers are synthesized from a polymer solution prepared at room temperature with a dual solvent of deionized water and ethanol under a calcination temperature of 600 °C. Also, some shifts were observed by examining the optical properties using ultraviolet‐visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. These results show that the proper selection of reaction conditions in the electrospinning method can be very effective for the synthesis of cobalt oxide fibers with morphology in nanometer sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glued laminated timber made from hardwood is a sustainable structural product that is currently gaining momentum due to climatic changes and afforestation policy. Diversities in hardwood species have led to a lack of a complete standard for the production of glued laminated timber from hardwood in Europe. This paper addresses hardwood species available in Croatian forests, namely Carpinus Betulus L. (European hornbeam), Quercus Cerris L. (Turkey oak), and Acer Campestre L. (Maple), in terms of their suitability for the production of glued laminated timber. The suitability is assessed by a multi‐criteria analysis with seven criteria. Visual and physical properties include density, the occurrence of knots, and grain deviation in lamellas. Mechanical properties include the bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and shear strength of glue lines. In order to obtain physical and mechanical properties, corresponding experimental research has been carried out. Production costs have been evaluated in collaboration with the manufacturer. Results indicate a very high potential of European hornbeam and Turkey oak for the production of glued laminated timber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction surfacing finds its application in areas which require joining of dissimilar metals with superior wear property. The current work investigates the solid‐state coating of Alloy 36 over ductile cast iron (SG Iron) by friction surfacing process. The effect of process factors on the actual geometry of the coating was investigated through testing and a desirability‐based technique. Spindle speed, axial force, and table traverse speed were the three most important variables for bonding fidelity. Analysis of variance was used to examine how the input parameters affected the output parameters. Experimental findings are validated using artificial neural networks and response surface methodology which are then used to predict how the system will respond to various operating scenarios. The research demonstrates that speed, rather than force or traverse action, has a more substantial effect on both materials. The response surface methodology statistician approach was utilized to identify the most important factors influencing the process parameters. As a result, the load is determined as the most crucial component that impacts bonding to the substrate. According to the data, the output parameters have the most impact on lowering the bonding geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziologische Revue is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Automatisierungstechnik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Automatisierungstechnik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In injection molding, shrinkage and warpage lead to a deformation of the produced parts with respect to the cavity shape. One method to mitigate this effect is to adapt the cavity shape to the expected deformation. This deformation can be determined using appropriate simulation models, which then also serve as a basis for determining the optimal cavity shape. Shape optimization usually requires a sequence of forward simulations, which can be computationally expensive. To reduce this computational cost, we use Bayesian optimization which uses Gaussian process regression as a reduced order model. Additionally, Gaussian process regression has the benefit that it allows to account for uncertainty in the model parameters and thus provides a means to investigate their influence on the optimization result. We present a Gaussian process regression trained with samples from a finite‐element solid‐body model. It predicts the deformation of the product after solidification and, together with Bayesian optimization, allows for efficient cavity optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Tjalf Ziemssen versteht sich digitaler Pionier mit viel Herzblut. Nebenbei und parallel zu seiner tagtäglichen Arbeit am Zentrum für klinische Neurowissenschaften der Neurologischen Universitätsklinik Dresden, Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose zu behandeln, entwickelt er mit seinem Team das Konzept des „Digitalen MS-Zwillings“. Diesen kann man sich als virtuelle Kopie, digitales Dashboard oder neudeutsch vielleicht auch als Avatar eines Patienten vorstellen, der in der Lage ist, die individuelle Erkrankung quantitativ zu beschreiben. Das Schöne dabei: Durch eine Kombination aus künstlicher Intelligenz, maschinellem Lernen und Datenanalyse können digitale Zwillinge Probleme aufdecken, bevor sie auftreten, und Prozesse optimieren.

In this study, the optimum values of pickling and annealing parameters in cold rolling were obtained by using the Taguchi method. The materials taken from the hot rolling mill were subjected to pickling with different pickling times (3 min, 4 min, 5 min) parameters and then cold rolled. After this process, annealing was carried out with different annealing temperatures (700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C), annealing times (5 min, 7.5 min, 10 min) in order to eliminate the cold working hardness. After these processes, sheet materials were subjected to skin‐pass rolling, which is the last step of the rolling process. Optimum conditions are minimum rolling force measured from the load cell positioned on the work rolls. In this direction, S/N ratios with objective function "smaller is better" and were calculated and the optimum levels of the parameters were determined as 3 min pickling time, 750 °C annealing temperature and 10 min annealing time. In line with the findings obtained from the analysis of variance, it was determined that the most important parameter was the annealing time with a rate of 48.99 %. Confirmation experiments were carried out and it was concluded that the optimization was valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary intent of the proposed research work is to investigate the effectiveness of the titanium aluminium nitride/tungsten carbide‐carbide coated insert during dry turning structural stainless steel. The aim of the study is to simultaneously optimise machining variables like spindle speed, depth of cut and feed for several responses like flank wear, material removal rate and surface roughness. Titanium aluminium nitride/tungsten carbide‐carbide is coated on the surface of carbide tool by cathodic arc evaporation method. The characterization studies have been conducted to ensure the existence of coating material. Micro hardness of coated and pure inserts was tested, which confirms that titanium aluminium nitride/tungsten carbide‐carbide coated insert possesses 17.43 % augmented hardness over pure inserts. The machining was performed by adopting Taguchi experimental design. A multi‐response optimization approach was applied in this study that included ranking methodology based on data development analysis and Taguchi's design. The performance index for multiple responses was measured and mathematically analysed for their effect on processing parameters. The combination of parameter such as spindle speed: 2000 min−1; cutting depth: 0.45 mm and feed rate: 0.16 mm rev−1 was experimental as optimal machining parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nylon is a thermoplastic engineering material widely used in several applications. But to increase the application of nylon in sports, the focus of this work was to optimize the tensile strength of nylon for badminton string. In particular, the testing conditions (temperature, relative humidity and tensile rate) were investigated. The results obtained showed that increasing the processing temperature and humidity both had a negative effect on tensile strength, while increasing the tensile rate had a positive effect. Then, a mathematical model to predict the tensile strength was established by using a response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were verified to validate the parameters. Furthermore, an analysis of variance was used to determine the significant effect of each term on the final response. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the optimum processing temperature is 2.9 °C with a relative humidity of 0% when the tensile rate is 60 mm/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance optimization studies of zeolite 4A embedded polyetherimide mixed matrix membranes to separate carbon dioxide/methane by simultaneously considering the effect of process parameters on process responses were the focus of this study. Mixed matrix membranes were characterized and analyzed. The thermophysical characteristics of the synthesized membranes were assessed by different analytical equipment. The permeability of pure gases was determined at varying feed pressures (4 bar to 10 bar) to evaluate gas separation performance. Process optimization studies were accomplished by response surface methodology to find the relation of pressure and zeolite loading on carbon dioxide and methane permeability, and carbon dioxide/methane selectivity. The characterization results revealed that all membranes were dense in structure and has improved thermal stability. The spectrometry results confirmed the molecular interaction between polyetherimide and zeolite 4A filler. Gas permeability results showed a more than 90% increase in carbon dioxide permeability compared to the nascent polyetherimide membrane. Similarly, selectivity of mixed matrix membranes was 45% higher than polyetherimide membrane. The optimal operating conditions were found to be 20 wt.% zeolite loading and 6 bar pressure with overall desirability of 0.700. These membranes can find potential in various gas separation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tailgate‐extension in a vehicle is a part that connects the upper and lower parts of the tailgate. Since this part does not require high strength, aluminum must be used in order to reduce the weight of the vehicle. However, when choosing aluminum, it is difficult to satisfy the shape quality with the existing manufacturing process. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of optimizing the draw metal stamping process for the development of tailgate extensions for vehicles using aluminum. The response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the draw metal stamping process. The process design parameters were established as blank holding force, coefficient of friction and die speed. Finally, the reliability of the optimization process and finite element analysis was secured by conducting field experiments to review the derived optimal process conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethik in der Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the program of corporate education and the tension between the becoming and being of the subject from a social and educational science perspective. Both proponents and critics of the optimization concept are considered. The focus is on how people become entrepreneurs in vocational education under the influence of optimization calculations. It analyzes how modern approaches to vocational education negotiate the optimization problem and how apprentices and employees are seen as recipients of optimization. Technologies of "soft" leadership that are intended to lead to self-leadership are also examined. The article deals with the concept of entrepreneurship education and its development in the German-speaking area. It emphasizes that individually acquired competencies should take precedence over formal qualifications. It is recommended to anchor entrepreneurship as an educational goal in all curricula. The term entrepreneurship refers to entrepreneurial thinking and action and can include both self-employment and innovative entrepreneurial activity within a company. The concept of entrepreneurship education has gained importance in recent years and is now being promoted in various educational areas. It is emphasized that entrepreneurship can be taught and learned as a competence. The goal is the development of independent and responsible individuals who are able to master socio-economic situations. The text deals with the question of whether young people have already developed entrepreneurial thinking through the influence of social media and the presence of young entrepreneurs. It is discussed whether it is legitimate if young people do not constantly want to be self-employed but prefer dependent employment. Furthermore, it is shown how apprentices and employees are encouraged to apply the principle of entrepreneurship to themselves. Concrete technologies and practices are mentioned that are intended to ensure the voluntary participation of the subjects in terms of collective participation. The concept of education is taken up again in the context of entrepreneurship education, and schools and companies are addressed twice in their function as places of education. The article deals with optimization in the field of education and its impact on the individual self. It is pointed out that the use of educational offerings for self-optimization has become a collective necessity. The optimization of the self is described as endless and paradoxical, as the pursuit of improvement is never fully satisfied. On a systemic level, optimization is seen as a means to avoid the worst rather than to improve. Vocational education is seen as a compromise subject to the laws of competition. The article concludes with the question of what role vocational education plays in this tension field and how it can respond to the needs and desires of learners. The need for reflection on the legitimacy of vocational education and the transmission of values and ethics is also emphasized. [Extracted from the article]