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Enterprise green human resource management (GHRM) strives to foster harmonious development among employees and the environment and among employees and the organization, as well as between employees and stakeholders, by stimulating individuals' green behavior, thereby enhancing the sustainable development performance of the enterprise. Based on the questionnaire data of 452 large enterprises in Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan, China, from September 2021 to July 2022, and based on the optimal distinctiveness theory and stakeholder theory, this article examined the mediation mechanism and boundary conditions between GHRM and sustainable development performance of enterprises from the perspective of organizational ambidexterity. The results showed that 1) GHRM positively affected organizational ambidexterity and sustainable development performance; 2) organizational ambidexterity mediated the relationship between GHRM and sustainable development performance; 3) responsible leadership moderated the direct effect of GHRM on organizational ambidexterity; and 4) responsible leadership moderated the indirect effect of GHRM on sustainable development performance through organizational ambidexterity. At the organizational level, this study reveals the impact mechanism of GHRM on sustainable development performance and determines the boundary conditions of the impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we reflect on what inclusion can mean to the global Health Professions Education (HPE) community, the impact of lack of inclusion, and offer suggestions on how to be inclusive. To illustrate the impact of inclusion, we offer perspectives from the lens of a medical student, junior doctor, educators, and educational leaders. The viewpoints offered in this communication can be useful to broaden and nurture inclusive pedagogy and scholarship. Furthermore, since the aim of HPE is high quality patient care and social advocacy, emphasising inclusion in HPE could enhance inclusion in patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With social media increasing the ability of tourists to conspicuously consume travel experiences, tourism marketers need tools to better understand the motivations behind why tourist post travel pictures for status. This paper uses Optimal Distinctiveness Theory to develop the Conspicuous Consumption Posting Scale (CCPS). Results demonstrate the construct validity of the scale with four unique motivations for posting travel pictures for status: pure conspicuous consumption focused on the desire to signal wealth, bandwagon motivations focused on using travel photography to fit in, and snob motivations focused on using travel photography and travel destinations to stand out from one's peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current study postulated that fans' social identities (derived from the team sport clubs of which they perceive themselves to be members) coexist with their personal identities (derived from views of themselves as unique, individual sport fans). The study examined the relationship between identity salience and both positive and negative aspects of fans' attitudes, emotions and behaviours. Design/methodology/approach: Seven hundred and twelve (712) Israeli professional football fans participated in this study. The study employed a survey drawn from an Internet panel with more than fifty thousand members. Findings: Utilizing structural equation modelling (SEM), the authors demonstrated that while social identity salience is related to positive aspects of being a sport fan (love of a favourite team and loyalty), it is also related to negative aspects of being a sport fan (hatred and perceptions of the appropriateness of fan aggression). Personal identity salience was found to be related to the decrease in negative outcomes of being a fan (hatred and perceptions of the appropriateness of fan aggression). Research limitations/implications: Marketers and sport organizations will benefit from stimulating sport fans' personal identity salience to mitigate possible negative consequences of team affiliation. Originality/value: The current study expands upon past sport management studies by demonstrating the existence of relationships between sport fans' identity salience and their emotions, attitudes and behaviours. The identity salience of fans is relevant from both academic and applicative perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interventions designed to increase women's participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines sometimes emphasize the STEM gender gap. Drawing upon optimal distinctiveness theory, we hypothesized that interventions overtly emphasizing women's minority status in STEM might lead to less interest in STEM relative to interventions with subtler references to women's minority status. In Study 1, women who viewed a STEM recruitment presentation drawing direct attention to the STEM gender gap showed lower implicit identification with STEM compared to those who viewed a presentation referencing gender through images alone. In Study 2, women's greater feelings of unwanted distinctiveness in STEM following a presentation emphasizing the enduring gender gap (relative to one emphasizing the closing gender gap) had a significant indirect effect on their interest in STEM. In Study 3, women who viewed information about the gender distribution of a STEM company expressed less interest in the job when the same information was framed in terms of a continuing gender gap (vs. women's growing representation), due to reduced feelings of belonging and increased feelings of unwanted distinctiveness. The present findings indicate that those designing STEM interventions targeting women should do so in ways that not only make women feel welcomed into the discipline but also do not place undue emphasis on women's underrepresentation. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684320965123 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversity is growing in work organizations and inclusive climates are gaining increasing significance. The Optimal Distinctiveness Theory (ODT) can be applied as an organizational framework that designates both belongingness and uniqueness as components of inclusion. The study sought to examine the experiences of healthcare workers who are members of a minority ethnic group in the context of a violent conflict. Fifty in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals – Jews and Arabs – employed at eleven public hospitals in Israel. The interviews reveal the diversity of staff members at Israeli public hospitals. Arab workers, specifically, experience both belongingness and uniqueness. The former is reinforced by values of humanism and professionalism, whereas the latter cannot be fully manifested: Their cultural and religious uniqueness is respected, but their opinions regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are silenced. They experience tension and ambiguity and their inclusion in the organization is not effected in full. ODT implementation will improve our understanding of how to achieve inclusion of minority group workers in healthcare organizations, particularly in conflictual contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfaith education appears to have a strong potential for prejudice reduction and for overcoming Islamophobia and antisemitism. Common in-group identity theory contends that awareness of interreligious similarities would reduce intergroup streotypes and anxiety. However, optimal distinctiveness theory assumes that pointing to similarities would actually pose an identity threat to learners, especially members of a minority. Jewish and Muslim Israeli adolescents who studied about similarities and inter religious influences between Islam and Judaism showed varied and contradictory reactions. Jewish students decreased prejudice while Muslim students slightly increased them. Findings are discussed in light of above theories, and point to educational implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Consumer culture" theories frequently claim that people use symbols of consumption to socially self-categorize and satisfy their needs for assimilation or differentiation. Through two empirical quantitative studies, we argue that self-categorization operates according to a duality overlooked by these theories. On one hand, self-categorization can be understood as the assimilation of the "I" into a normatively well-characterized group, a self-categorization that we define as "ontological" in this article. On the other hand, it can be understood as the identification with socially standardized and impersonal models, a self-categorization that we term "formal." In the two studies, we investigated whether the psychologically perceived distance between the in-group and out-group (metacontrast) is greater in ontological than in formal self-categorization and, second, whether these two forms of self-categorizations operate independently (not correlated) in consumption. The results support the two hypotheses. However, further studies should be developed in order to give a more definitive character to the theory. If the findings of this work were to be confirmed by other ecological contexts and sampling techniques, there might be consequences for "self-brand connection" analyses and in general for consumption studies where social self-categorization theory can be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated how students’ ethnic pride was related to variation in ethnic composition between classrooms as well as within the same classroom over time. Predictions derived from optimal distinctiveness theory (ODT) were tested among 13- to 14-year-old ethnic majority and minority students (N = 1,123). Lending support to ODT, a curvilinear relation between the share of same-ethnicity classmates and students’ ethnic pride was found in a cross-sectional analysis, with ethnic pride peaking in classrooms with approximately 50% same-ethnicity classmates. In line with ODT, longitudinal analyses revealed ethnic pride decreased for students who moved away from a share of 50% same-ethnicity classmates. Contrary to ODT, however, ethnic pride also decreased for students who moved closer to this point of optimal distinctiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The factors that encourage participation in ‘traditional’ exercise pursuits are relatively well understood; less is known, however, about the psychological motives that encourage female participation in forms of physical activity that are stigmatized. Using pole dancing as an exemplar of such an activity, the aim of this study was to identify females' participation motives for this activity. Design Guided by an interpretivist approach, a qualitative method was adopted to allow a group of female pole dancers to describe their reasons for participation. Method Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 38 recreational through to regularly competitive adult female pole dancers ( M age  = 31.24, SD  = 8.41). Data were content analyzed using inductive thematic principles. Results Stigma-related issues emerged as a driver of participation. Participants also described motives pertaining to themes of relatedness, autonomy, competence, and intrinsic motivation, as well as new stimuli and mental and physical wellbeing. Conclusion Despite the stigma and negative stereotypes associated with participation in activities such as pole dancing, participants described how this perception contributed to a heightened sense of community that, in part, drove continued participation. Accordingly, these findings make a novel contribution to established bodies of literature grounded in stigma and optimal distinctiveness theory. Given the rise in popularity of some female-predominant stigmatized exercise pursuits (e.g., belly dancing, roller derby, lingerie football), research that examines this network of motives in other settings would be valuable in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prince has left an indelible mark on the hearts and minds of people everywhere, not only in the USA but also globally. Using Marilyn Brewer's optimal distinctiveness theory (ODT) as a framework, this article examines how Prince negotiated his social identity as an integral part of two worlds-(African Americans and the music industry) while standing apart from both. The optimal distinctiveness model posits that social identities derive from a fundamental tension between two competing social needs-the need for inclusion and the need for uniqueness. By utilizing Brewer's model, we gain greater insight into Prince's musicianship and business acumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two distinct tensions can arise between individuals' relational-fulfillment and personal-fulfillment needs in close relationships. The first tension is a conflict of potential behaviors and arises between serving the relationship by meeting one's partner's needs versus serving the self by meeting one's/own needs (e.g., your versus my needs). The second tension is a conflict of potential identities and arises between needs to identify as embedded within the relationship versus a unique individual (e.g., relational versus individual me). Although much work has explored how individuals navigate the former, little research has examined the latter. The present research applied Optimal Distinctiveness Theory (ODT; Brewer, 1991), a theory of dynamic identity processes in groups, to examine how individuals balance individual versus relational identities. We predicted that, just as individuals negotiate their social identities within groups to satisfy both affiliation and distinctiveness needs, individuals in romantic relationships strive to balance similar needs at the dyadic level. We predicted that when individuals' needs for affiliation were satisfied, they would emphasize their individual identity over their relational identity. We also predicted that fluctuation in these perceptions reflects satisfaction of individual identity needs within the relationship and would not influence relationship quality. Four studies supported these hypotheses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Several marketing theories have highlighted the role of depersonalization in consumer behavior. Moving from "old" to "new" products, the consumer reduces the depersonalization generated by the excessive market diffusion of the product he has chosen and through which he searches for a social self-categorization. But this theoretical framework cannot justify in a convincing way those stable integrations of a community type around particular styles of consumption (for example, those that are called "neotribalisms"). On the basis of an empirical study, we argue that the depersonalization acts according to a duality neglected by marketing. On the one hand it can mean loss of the distinguishing characteristics, but on the other it can mean de-personalization in the sense of a translation of the "me" into a communal "us". This second form of depersonalization does also exist in consumption and allows us to shed light on the apparent contradiction between the idea of several marketing theories according to which consumers can always achieve satisfaction through differentiation and the thesis of a "final dissatisfaction" of the consumer, advocated by much of contemporary theoretical sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Writing corporate stories to articulate identity is challenging because one must balance between the recognizable similarities with other companies (e.g., core activities, type of industry) and the company''s own uniqueness. In the present study, we propose a conceptualization of corporate stories in terms of similarity and uniqueness, and present a scheme of six main categories of textual characteristics: general, style, structure, content, genre, and layout. The scheme is illustrated in a content analysis of 45 Dutch consumer-focused corporate stories. The results indicate that, contrary to the literature and guidelines on corporate stories, similarities in textual characteristics with other corporate stories are as typical for a corporate story as its uniqueness. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study aims to establish a conceptual framework on the characteristics of idioculture in crowd computing, as well as the antecedents and consequences of idioculture. Idioculture is defined as distinct cultural elements that characterize a certain group. It is important in group interaction because it can be used as a tool to seek a group''s optimal distinctiveness, which is a natural human desire to maintain a balance between being too inclusive or too personalized in crowd settings. In order to provide empirical data for the conceptual framework, this study developed a crowd computing system prototype, named event-driven social media (EDSM), which supports idioculture emergence and sharing in a crowd setting. The prototype was implemented in a massive-scale event involving approximately 20,000 people. The study results were derived from content analysis on 5988 text messages from 1510 users exchanged through EDSM during the event and interviews with 15 users after the event. The findings revealed that group cultures were triggered by EDSM to become idioculture, and the idioculture shared through EDSM affected user experience. First, sources of idioculture included collective, playful, and routine-breaking group cultures. Second, the characteristics of idioculture included catchwords, humorous references, and nicknames. Third, by sharing idioculture, users of EDSM were able to experience social connectedness, group cohesion, and social enjoyment. This study ends with implications on the design of EDSM from the perspective of HCI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The goal of the current study is to investigate how the augmented visual similarity and individuation can influence group identification process in computer-mediated groups. In investigating this topic, this study relies on the assumption that human beings need to meet two competing motivations – assimilation motivation and uniqueness motivation – at the same time. An experiment using virtual self-representations showed that uniform virtual appearance, whatever form it may take, encouraged group identification. However, uniform appearance did not increase assimilation within computer-mediated groups all the time, because uniform appearance made individuals perceive a strong threat to their uniqueness and became less willing to agree with others as a way to restore their uniqueness. On the contrary, people might have pandered to their uniqueness motivation from being represented by excessively idiosyncratic visual cues. As a way to boost up the other motivation, assimilation motivation, they tried to find any cue that can bond themselves with others even amongst differences in their visual representations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: Much of the literature on team identification has focused on assessing outcomes to the construct rather than on motives for its development and maintenance. This article comments on research and theorising in social psychology that can contribute to an understanding of motives for team identification. Design: A review and comment on the application of theories of intergroup bias to the study of team identification. Method: Four modern theories of intergroup bias—social identity theory, optimal distinctiveness theory, uncertainty-identity theory, and terror management theory—are overviewed. Potential applications of these theories to future research on motives for team identification are also offered. Results: It is argued that the four theories share similar tenets with reference to motives for social identity. A programme of research that evaluates these motives in the context of sport team identification is offered. Conclusions: It is hoped that this paper will stimulate research into precursors of team identification and that the findings from such research will help sport teams and governing bodies to promote or control certain types of spectator behaviour. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

ABSTRACT. According to optimal distinctiveness theory, minority political parties and parties of intermediate size provide more central and important bases of social identity. The authors tested that prediction in a sample of voters and a sample of political party members, in both samples, adherents of minority and intermediate parties did not perceive their parties to be more representative of them. The authors found no significant differences between political parties on the collective self-esteem questionnaire administered to the sample of political party members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]