1,973 results on '"Optical design"'
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2. Three-dimensional endoscopic imaging system based on micro-lithography mask structured light projection
- Author
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Huo, Jiayi, He, Jiaying, Zhou, Jiayao, Yuan, Bo, Ni, Xuxiang, and Wang, Liqiang
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- 2025
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3. Design of re-imaging off-axis six-mirror anastigmatic image-side telecentric freeform optical system
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Wang, Baohua, Wang, Xiaoyong, Yang, Chao, Meng, Yao, Feng, Yuhang, Li, Yang, Wang, Yuanyuan, and Jiang, Huilin
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- 2025
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4. Design and performance evaluation of a Micro-CPV system for building integration applications
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Maestro, Santiago, Chemisana, Daniel, and Moreno, Alex
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- 2024
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5. Global information selectively guided gradient descent for ab initio optical design
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Liu, Xiaobing, Zhang, Xingxiang, Fu, Tianjiao, Wang, Kaizhi, Sun, Fukun, Bai, Tongzheng, and Wang, Duo
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- 2025
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6. Differentiable design of freeform imaging systems with multiple-reflection B-spline surfaces
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Qian, Zhuang, Wei, Shili, Ji, Huiru, Tan, Hao, Mo, Yan, Fan, Rundong, and Ma, Donglin
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- 2025
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7. Optical design for 3D detection of surface defects on ultra-precision curved optical elements based on micro structured-light
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Li, Mingze, Hou, Xi, Zhao, Wenchuan, Zhao, Yuancheng, and Meng, Yutong
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- 2025
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8. Design of Polarization Spectroscopy Integrated Imaging System.
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Liu, Jianan, Cui, Jing, Chen, Mingce, Yang, Shuo, Sun, Hongyu, Wang, Qi, Zhan, Juntong, Li, Yingchao, Fu, Qiang, and Wang, Chao
- Subjects
OPTICAL polarization ,SPECTRAL imaging ,IMAGING systems ,POLARIZATION spectroscopy ,SPATIAL resolution ,OIL spills - Abstract
To simultaneously acquire the spectral and polarization information of the target and achieve the monitoring and identification of the target object, a polarization spectral integrated imaging system is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the structural principle of the polarization spectral integrated imaging system is introduced. The relationship between the spatial resolution, spectral resolution, and the system's structural parameters is analyzed. The design of the optical part of the polarization spectral integrated imaging system is completed, along with the tolerance analysis. Secondly, the mechanical structure of the polarization spectral integrated imaging system is designed. Finally, by using a drone to carry the polarization spectral integrated imaging system, a simulation experiment for sea surface oil spill monitoring is conducted, and the hyperspectral and polarization information of the ocean, crude oil, fuel oil, palm oil, diesel, and gasoline are obtained. The polarization and spectral information were integrated. The integration of hyperspectral and polarization data yields remarkable enhancement outcomes, allowing for the clear delineation of previously challenging-to-identify crude oil contamination areas against the marine background in the fused images, characterized by sharper boundaries and improved discriminability. This accomplishment underscores the feasibility of our system for the rapid identification of large-scale oil spill events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Highly Intelligent Forward Design of Metamaterials Empowered by Circuit‐Physics‐Driven Deep Learning.
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Yan, Yiming, Li, Fajun, Shen, Jiaqing, Zhuang, Mingyong, Gao, Yuan, Chen, Wei, Li, Yuyang, Wu, Zhilin, Dong, Zhaogang, and Zhu, Jinfeng
- Subjects
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *NEURAL circuitry , *ELECTRIC circuit networks , *DEEP learning , *SELF-efficacy , *METAMATERIALS - Abstract
The field of advanced metamaterial design has witnessed the great progress of artificial intelligence (AI) for science. Typically, the widely used deep learning is a purely data‐driven approach. However, it is often assumed as a black box performing interpolation among training data in a fuzzy way, which suffers from poor generalization outside the training domain of critical physical parameters. Inspired by physics‐guided deep learning, a circuit‐theory‐informed neural network (CTINN) in order to strengthen the generalization of metamaterial design is proposed. A series of plasmonic stack metamaterials (PSMs) are taken as learning paradigms of CTINN. Compared to conventional deep learning, the scheme decreases one‐order lower test loss of spectral prediction beyond the structure training span, and it possesses an extraordinary function to predict spectra of the extrapolated wavelength range. Due to the physics‐informed mechanism, the CTINN only adopts 10% training samples of the pure data‐driven counterpart, while it reduces >50% test loss. Moreover, the CTINN design is used to guide the PSM experiments and demonstrate its great potential for metamaterial development. This work introduces the theory of equivalent circuits into the neural network, empowers physics supervision to AI, and accomplishes the smart and powerful design of PSMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Infrared Imaging System with a Local Polarization Channel for Target Detection.
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Liu, Xin, Jiang, Zikang, Niu, Chunhui, Li, Xiaoying, Lv, Yong, and Chang, Jun
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OPTICAL polarization - Abstract
Infrared imaging can detect the targets from their backgrounds during the day and night. As a supplementary tool, polarization imaging can visually characterize the polarized information of targets in complicated environments. In this study, an infrared imaging system with a local polarization channel is developed and simulated. The system can acquire local infrared and polarization information of the target without compromising the monitoring of the entire field of view. This system is composed of two infrared imaging channels with a common image plane: a peripheral channel for the entire field of view and a local imaging channel for the target of interest to achieve local magnification and polarization imaging. Herein, an imaging simulation of the infrared imaging system with a local polarization channel is performed, and the results show that the system performs well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Desensitization design of freeform off-axis TMA optical systems with configuration selection.
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Ren, Chengming, Meng, Qingyu, and Chen, Qi
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OPTICAL instruments ,ACHROMATISM ,FOCAL length ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
The off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic (TMA) optical system has the advantages of eliminating all primary aberrations, having no aperture obscuration, no chromatic aberration, and good environmental adaptability, making it essential in high-performance optical instruments. Freeform surfaces, with their rich degrees of freedom (DOFs) in mathematical representation, positively affect the image quality and sensitivity of optical systems. When applied correctly to off-axis TMA optical systems, they can achieve fast F -numbers, large fields of view (FOVs), and long focal lengths. There are dozens of configurations for off-axis TMA optical systems, and freeform surfaces can be combined in numerous ways within these systems. This paper first analyzes the sensitivity of off-axis TMA optical systems with different configurations, selects the configuration with the lowest sensitivity, and combines it with a low sensitivity freeform surface combination to achieve high-performance freeform off-axis TMA optical systems with low sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. 海水环境光场水下辐照度测量光学设计.
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朱海荣, 蔡鵬, 张春磊, 张晨阳, and 陈新东
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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13. An Analysis and Optimization of Distortion Effect Caused by Pupil Decentering in Optical Gun Scope.
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Yang, Kaiyu, Jin, Ning, Yang, Dan, Xu, Man, and Dong, Shulin
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DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) ,HUMAN mechanics ,OPTICAL distortion ,INTEGRAL functions ,CENTROID - Abstract
During the use of optical gun scopes, slight movements between the human eye and the instrument can cause the pupil to offset from the optical axis, resulting in a dynamic distortion effect. This affects the accuracy and stability of aiming. Based on the mechanism, this study established parameters of the centroid's deviation of image spots for marginal field points under pupil decentering and centering conditions and their differences to quantitatively evaluate the distortion. These evaluation parameters were obtained by performing a double integral calculation of the ray aberration distribution function over the entire designed exit pupil. Based on this evaluation method, three optical design strategies for reducing the distortion were proposed: optimizing ray aberrations, optimizing centroid shift of image spots, and utilizing vignetting effects. An optimization process was established by combining increasing vignetting and suppressing centroid shift. For a gun scope with significant distortion, the distortion effect was significantly weakened by increasing the vignetting factor and optimizing the centroid shift of image spots. This proved the effectiveness of the proposed analysis, evaluation, and optimization design methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Monocular 3D Micro-PIV System Using Computational Imaging
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Taiyuange Lou, Chengxiang Guo, Tong Yang, Lei Yang, and Hongbo Xie
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Computational imaging ,optical design ,particle image velocimetry ,deep-learning network ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) particle image velocimetry (PIV) system typically consists of multiple cameras. However, micro-PIV systems for measuring microscale velocity fields lack sufficient space to accommodate them. In this work we propose an alternative approach based on computational imaging, enabling monocular micro-PIV systems to perform 3D flow field measurements without additional hardware or complex structure. The microscopic objective is designed to satisfy the required parameters, and the point spread function (PSF) responses of the system to different depths of the object surface are obtained. Additionally, a particle dataset generation method based on the PSFs of the optical system is proposed, and a deep-learning network is constructed for training. To validate the feasibility, particle images are captured in experiments and inputted into the network to reconstruct depth images and build three-dimensional flow fields. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the measurement deviation is within 13.2%, indicating the practicality of the proposed model.
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- 2025
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15. Structure design for light‐extraction enhancement of UVC‐LED.
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Liu, Qixin and Wei, An‐Chi
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QUANTUM efficiency ,RAY tracing ,OPTOELECTRONIC devices ,PHOTONS ,SUBSTRATES (Materials science) - Abstract
UVC‐LEDs have drawn attention recently because of their benefits to sterilization, decontamination, etc. Since the internal quantum efficiency and light extraction efficiency (LEE) of UVC‐LEDs are low, their external quantum efficiency remains unsatisfied. To enhance the LEE, this study proposes an integration design with the features of substrate‐thickness optimization, substrate shaping, diffuse‐reflective coating, an index‐matching layer, and taper‐base optimization. In addition to optical modeling via ray tracing, thermal modeling is conducted to evaluate both the optical and thermal performances of each feature. The simulation results show that, by means of the combination of these features, the LEE of the chip can be raised from 18.5% to more than 40%, and the average temperature of the device can be lowered by 2.2°C via the design of the diffuse‐reflective coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio by compressing the illumination of a spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer.
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Bai, Yunfei, Luo, Haiyan, Li, Zhiwei, Ding, Yi, Wang, Qiansheng, and Xiong, Wei
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SIGNAL-to-noise ratio , *RAMAN spectroscopy , *SPECTROMETERS , *LIGHTING , *ETHANOL - Abstract
Improving the spectral signal-to-noise ratio is crucial for obtaining high-quality Raman spectra of target substances. To achieve a higher instrument signal-to-noise ratio in the development of spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer, the effect of spatially compressed illumination on the spectral signal-to-noise ratio was theoretically analyzed. A spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopic experimental setup with compressed illumination was constructed. The experimental results with ethanol validate the significant enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio achieved through compressed illumination. The ethanol spectra exhibited signal-to-noise ratio enhancements ranging from 1.38 to 7.98 times under various excitation powers and integration times. These findings provide valuable guidance for further improving the performance of spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Freeform Liquid–Crystal Polarization Imaging Optics: A Practical Approach from Design to Fabrication.
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Pei, Chunyang, Weng, Jiacheng, Shu, Tian, Fang, Linyue, Hu, Guangyin, Liu, Yingli, Chen, Ting, Wu, Rengmao, Li, Haifeng, and Liu, Xu
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OPTICAL elements , *OPTICAL polarization , *IMAGING systems , *AUGMENTED reality , *VIRTUAL reality - Abstract
Freeform liquid–crystal polarization imaging optics (LPIOs) have vast potential for application in next‐generation interactive displays like augmented reality and virtual reality. However, tailoring the phase profile of a freeform LPIO for flexible aberration correction and diffraction efficiency control is still a big challenge due to the difficulties arising from the non‐zero étendue of an imaging system and the finite bandwidth of LPIOs. Here, a practical approach to creating freeform LPIOs from design to fabrication is proposed. A freeform polarization exposure is developed to produce a flexible, precise, and ultra‐high‐resolution photoalignment pattern for a freeform LPIO. A cooperative optimization is performed between the freeform LPIO and the freeform polarization exposure system to find the optimal phase of the freeform LPIO and the optimal surface profiles of the freeform lenses employed in the exposure system to produce freeform wavefronts. The optimal phase of the freeform LPIO is then achieved by superposition interference of the engineered freeform wavefronts via freeform polarization exposure. The effectiveness of the approach and the advantages of freeform LPIOs is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed approach will significantly promote the widespread applications of freeform LPIOs in the field of optics and photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Imaging Analysis Method for a Paraxial Refractive Optical System with a Large Aperture Based on the Wave Aberration Method.
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Cao, Yiqing, Lu, Lijun, and Zhao, Xiaonan
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SOFT X rays , *IMAGE analysis , *OPTICAL images , *COMPUTER software - Abstract
Recently developed sixth-order wave aberration expressions of soft X-rays and a vacuum ultraviolet optical system are first extended to plane-symmetric refractive optical systems, and then, applying the transformation relations between plane-symmetric and paraxial refractive optical system, the sixth-order intrinsic and extrinsic wave aberration coefficient expressions of a paraxial refractive optical system are derived. In addition, the corresponding fifth-order aberration expressions are also obtained. Finally, the resultant aberration expressions are applied to calculate the aberration on the image plane of one design example of a paraxial refractive optical system with a large aperture, and these calculation results are compared with ones obtained by ray-tracing software Zemax to prove that they have satisfactory calculation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Multi-Sensing Inspection System for Thermally Induced Micro-Instability in Metal-Based Selective Laser Melting.
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Peng, Xing, Liao, Rongjie, and Zhu, Ziyan
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SELECTIVE laser melting , *TRANSFER functions , *DEEP inelastic collisions , *RESIDUAL stresses , *VISIBLE spectra - Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) excels in engineering intricate shapes, pioneering functional components, and lightweight structures. Nevertheless, components fabricated through AM often manifest elevated residual stresses and a myriad of thermally induced micro-instabilities, including cracking, incomplete fusion, crazing, porosity, spheroidization, and inclusions. In response, this study proposed a sophisticated multi-sensing inspection system specifically tailored for the inspection of thermally induced micro-instabilities at the micro–nano scale. Simulation results substantiate that the modulation transfer function (MTF) values for each field of view in both visible and infrared optical channels surpass the benchmark of 0.3, ensuring imaging fidelity conducive to meticulous examination. Furthermore, the innovative system can discern and accurately capture data pertaining to thermally induced micro-instabilities across visible and infrared spectra, seamlessly integrating this information into a backend image processing system within operational parameters of a 380–450 mm distance and a 20–70 °C temperature range. Notably, the system's design is harmoniously aligned with the requisites of processing and assembly, heralding a significant advancement in bolstering the inspection effect of thermally induced micro-instabilities for the AM component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Development and Application of Unmanned Aerial High-Resolution Convex Grating Dispersion Hyperspectral Imager.
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Xue, Qingsheng, Gao, Xinyu, Lu, Fengqin, Ma, Jun, Song, Junhong, and Xu, Jinfeng
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IMAGE quality in imaging systems , *FOCAL length , *IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) , *REMOTE sensing , *SUPPORT vector machines - Abstract
This study presents the design and development of a high-resolution convex grating dispersion hyperspectral imaging system tailored for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing applications. The system operates within a spectral range of 400 to 1000 nm, encompassing over 150 channels, and achieves an average spectral resolution of less than 4 nm. It features a field of view of 30°, a focal length of 20 mm, a compact volume of only 200 mm × 167 mm × 78 mm, and a total weight of less than 1.5 kg. Based on the design specifications, the system was meticulously adjusted, calibrated, and tested. Additionally, custom software for the hyperspectral system was independently developed to facilitate functions such as control parameter adjustments, real-time display, and data preprocessing of the hyperspectral camera. Subsequently, the prototype was integrated onto a drone for remote sensing observations of Spartina alterniflora at Yangkou Beach in Shouguang City, Shandong Province. Various algorithms were employed for data classification and comparison, with support vector machine (SVM) and neural network algorithms demonstrating superior classification accuracy. The experimental results indicate that the UAV-based hyperspectral imaging system exhibits high imaging quality, minimal distortion, excellent resolution, an expansive camera field of view, a broad detection range, high experimental efficiency, and remarkable capabilities for remote sensing detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. 折叠光路结构头戴显示器的光学设计.
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柏香虎, 朱向冰, 庄亚宝, 程芳芳, 许子豪, and 朱俊峰
- Abstract
Copyright of Laser Technology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Gradient descent-based freeform optics design for illumination using algorithmic differentiable non-sequential ray tracing.
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Koning, Bart de, Heemels, Alexander, Adam, Aurèle, and Möller, Matthias
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Algorithmic differentiable ray tracing is a new paradigm that allows one to solve the forward problem of how light propagates through an optical system while obtaining gradients of the simulation results with respect to parameters specifying the optical system. Specifically, the use of algorithmically differentiable non-sequential ray tracing provides an opportunity in the field of illumination engineering to design complex optical system. We demonstrate its potential by designing freeform lenses that project a prescribed irradiance distribution onto a plane. The challenge consists in finding a suitable surface geometry of the lens so that the light emitted by a light source is redistributed into a desired irradiance distribution. We discuss the crucial steps allowing the non-sequential ray tracer to be differentiable. The obtained gradients are used to optimize the geometry of the freeform, and we investigate the effectiveness of adding a multi-layer perceptron neural network to the optimization that outputs parameters defining the freeform lens. Lenses are designed for various sources such as collimated beams or point sources, and finally, a grid of point sources approximating an extended source. The obtained lens designs are finally validated using the commercial non-sequential ray tracer LightTools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. Compact freeform near-eye display system design enabled by optical-digital joint optimization.
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Xu, Huiming, Yang, Tong, Cheng, Dewen, Wang, Yongtian, Yuan, Qun, and Mao, Xianglong
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DEEP learning ,DISPLAY systems ,SYSTEMS design ,INDUSTRIALISM ,AUGMENTED reality ,HEAD-mounted displays ,VIRTUAL reality - Abstract
The near-eye display (NED) systems, designed to project content into the human eye, are pivotal in the realms of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), offering users immersive experiences. A small volume is the key for a fashionable, easy-to-wear, comfortable NED system for industrial and consumer use. Freeform surfaces can significantly reduce the system volume and weight while improving the system specifications. However, great challenges still exist in further reducing the volume of near-eye display systems as there is also a limit when using only freeform optics. This paper introduces a novel method for designing compact freeform NED systems through a powerful optical-digital joint design. The method integrates a geometrical freeform optical design with deep learning of an image compensation neural network, addressing off-axis nonsymmetric structures with complex freeform surfaces. A design example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, the volume of a freeform NED system is reduced by approximately 63% compared to the system designed by the traditional method, while still maintaining high-quality display performance. The proposed method opens a new pathway for the design of a next-generation ultra-compact NED system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Design of Compact Dielectric Metalens Visor for Augmented Reality Using Spin-Dependent Supercells.
- Author
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Li, Yangyang, Ling, Jinzhong, Guo, Jinkun, Li, Qiang, Zhong, Dihang, and Wang, Xiaorui
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AUGMENTED reality ,IMAGING systems ,OPTICAL limiting ,OPTICAL interference ,DIELECTRICS - Abstract
Augmented reality overlays computer-generated virtual information onto real-world scenes, enhancing user interaction and perception. However, traditional augmented reality optical systems are usually large, bulky, and have limited optical performance. In this paper, we propose a novel compact monochrome reflective dielectric metalens visor with see-through properties, engineered using a periodic structure of spin-dependent supercells. The supercell, which is composed of staggered twin nanofins, provides spin-dependent destructive or constructive interference with different circularly polarized incidences. The design combines the principles of interference with the Pancharatnam–Berry phase to enhance reflection at a working wavelength of 650 nm while maintaining good transmission. Right circularly polarized light incident from the substrate side causes destructive interference, enabling the supercell to work in reflection mode, while left circularly polarized light causes constructive interference, enabling the supercell to work in transmission mode. Furthermore, the supercell-constructed metalens can achieve near-diffraction-limited reflective focusing and a broad diagonal field of view of approximately 96°. In addition, compared to transmissive metalens visors, the reflective design eliminates the need for a beam splitter, significantly reducing the size and weight of the system. Our work could facilitate the development of compact and lightweight imaging systems and provide valuable insights for augmented reality near-eye display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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25. Design of a Novel Microlens Array and Imaging System for Light Fields.
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Li, Yifeng, Li, Pangyue, Zheng, Xinyan, Liu, Huachen, Zhao, Yiran, Sun, Xueping, Liu, Weiguo, and Zhou, Shun
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LIGHT-field cameras ,IMAGE quality in imaging systems ,DEPTH of field ,FOCAL length ,IMAGING systems - Abstract
Light field cameras are unsuitable for further acquisition of high-quality images due to their small depth of field, insufficient spatial resolution, and poor imaging quality. To address these issues, we proposed a novel four-focal-square microlens and light field system. A square aspheric microlens array with four orthogonal focal lengths was designed, in which the aperture of a single lens was 100 μm. The square arrangement improves pixel utilization, the four focal lengths increase the depth of field, and the aspheric improves image quality. The simulations demonstrate pixel utilization rates exceeding 90%, depth-of-field ranges 6.57 times that of a single focal length, and image quality is significantly improved. We have provided a potential solution for improving the depth of field and image quality of the light field imaging system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Athermal and Apochromatic Design of Equivalent Two-Component Optical System in 3D Glass Diagram.
- Author
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Ma, Yingjun, Yang, Hongtao, Chen, Weining, Peng, Jianwei, Guo, Huinan, and Zhang, Guangdong
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GLASS construction ,OPTICAL glass ,TRANSFER functions ,FOCAL length ,GLASS - Abstract
In the athermal and apochromatic design of optical systems, the distribution of lens' optical powers and the selection of optical glass and structural materials are crucial. In this paper, an athermal and apochromatic design method is proposed for optical systems with a long focal length, large relative aperture, and wide spectrum. Firstly, a complex optical system composed of multiple lenses is equivalent to a two-component, single-lens system consisting of a replacement and an equivalent lens group. The optical glass for the replacement lens group is selected based on weight and the principle of material replacement in the 3D glass diagram, thus achieving an athermal and apochromatic design. Secondly, an athermal and apochromatic optical system with a focal length of 130 mm, an F-number of 2.0, a spectral range of 480 nm~800 nm, a field of view angle of 22°, and an operating temperature of −40 °C~+60 °C is designed. The modulation transfer function (MTF) at each field of view is greater than 0.6 at 50 lp/mm in the −40 °C~+60 °C temperature range, and the secondary spectrum aberration is 0.0056 mm, which is within the focal depth range of the optical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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27. Research on Distortion Control in Off-Axis Three-Mirror Astronomical Telescope Systems.
- Author
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Liu, En, Zheng, Yuquan, Lin, Chao, Zhang, Jialun, Niu, Yanlin, and Song, Lei
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DIFFERENTIAL evolution ,VERY large array telescopes ,SPECTRAL lines ,REMOTE sensing ,COLLIMATORS - Abstract
With off-axis reflection systems with specific distortion values serving as objectives or collimators, it is possible to compensate and correct for spectral line bending in spectroscopic instruments. However, there is limited research on the precise control of distortion, which poses particular challenges in large field-of-view optical systems. This paper presents a method for controlling distortion in off-axis reflection systems. Based on Seidel aberration theory and the relationship between distortion wavefront error and primary ray error, we construct objective functions with structural constraints and aberration constraints. The initial structure with specific distortion values is then solved using a differential evolution algorithm. The effectiveness and reliability of this method are verified through the design of an off-axis three-reflection system. The method provided in this study facilitates the design of remote sensing instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. Optical analysis and design of a novel solar beam down concentrator for indoor cooking
- Author
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Dev Banitia, Siddharth Ramachandran, Satya Sekhar Bhogilla, and P.K. Vijayan
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Solar cooking ,Indoor ,Beam-down ,Ray trace analysis ,Optical design ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
This investigation provides the design and optical analysis of an innovative solar beam-down configuration, which can be a promising passive solution for indoor solar-based cooking, offering an eco-friendly and sustainable approach. The system uses a beam-down parabolic dish concentrator to concentrate the solar radiation onto a ground-mounted receiver module, which has a secondary optical module consisting of a secondary reflector-light pipe system. The receiver module is a well-insulated tank consisting of a receiver in contact with a primary heat transfer fluid. The thermal energy stored in the receiver module is transported via a secondary heat transfer fluid to and from the cooktop via a tube-in-tube arrangement, which induces a thermosyphon effect. A multi-variable optical analysis through an efficient ray tracing methodology has been adopted to identify optimal design values of optical components such as parabolic dish concentrators, secondary reflectors, and light pipe-receiver assemblies. The optimal optical design parameters and their corresponding ray trace analysis results are elaborated. It was found that the designed beam-down parabolic dish concentrator system provides an ideal thermal energy of 10.3 kWh per day at an average DNI of 650 W/m2. Further, this investigation provides a design for a beam-down parabolic dish concentrating system that may be used for efficient and sustainable solar energy solutions.
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- 2024
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29. Analysis of wave aberrations and optical modeling for off-axis augmented reality display
- Author
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Rohilla, Rahul, Mishra, Vinod, Garg, Harry, and Kumar, Vipan
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- 2024
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30. Viewing zone of aerial hollow face illusion evoked by use a 3D object as a light source for AIRR optical system
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Watanabe, Takumi, Takatsuka, Hiroki, Suyama, Shiro, and Yamamoto, Hirotsugu
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- 2024
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31. Development of a 16X zoom lens for an aeronautical application and evaluation of its performance
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Babu, D. K. Sreenivasa and Hazra, L. N.
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- 2024
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32. The concept for hard X-ray beamline optics at SLS 2.0
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Benedikt Roesner, Joerg Raabe, Philip R. Willmott, and Uwe Flechsig
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sls 2.0 ,hard x-rays ,monochromators ,optical design ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
In the scope of the latest upgrade of the Swiss Light Source, five hard X-ray beamlines will be constructed or rebuilt. To use synergies between these beamline projects, a concept is developed here for hard X-ray beamlines that is tailored to the new storage ring. Herein, this concept is described from the source, via the front end, to the beamline optics. The latter will be outlined in detail, including a new and modular concept for hard X-ray monochromators, focusing optics and heat-load management. With a simple, easy-to-operate and robust beamline design, the new beamlines will greatly profit from the increased brilliance of the new storage ring. The performance increase is up to four orders of magnitude, while the beamline concept allows for the broad application of experimental techniques, from propagation-based methods, such as phase-contrast tomography, to imaging techniques with nanometre resolution. At the same time, spectroscopy experiments are possible as well as high-performance serial X-ray crystallography.
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- 2024
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33. Development of an Imaging Spectrometer with a High Signal-to-Noise Ratio Based on High Energy Transmission Efficiency for Soil Organic Matter Detection.
- Author
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Fan, Jize, Wang, Yuwei, Gu, Guochao, Li, Zhe, Wang, Xiaoxu, Li, Hanshuang, Li, Bo, and Hu, Denghui
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL remote sensing , *SIGNAL-to-noise ratio , *DIFFRACTION gratings , *COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors , *ENERGY consumption , *IMAGE sensors - Abstract
Hyperspectral detection of the change rate of organic matter content in agricultural remote sensing requires a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, due to the large number and efficiency limitation of the components, it is difficult to improve the SNR. This study uses high-efficiency convex grating with a diffraction efficiency exceeding 50% across the 360–850 nm range, a back-illuminated Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) detector with a 95% efficiency in peak wavelength, and silver-coated mirrors to develop an imaging spectrometer for detecting soil organic matter (SOM). The designed system meets the spectral resolution of 10 nm in the 360–850 nm range and achieves a swath of 100 km and a spatial resolution of 100 m at an orbital height of 648.2 km. This study also uses the basic structure of Offner with fewer components in the design and sets the mirrors of the Offner structure to have the same sphere, which can achieve the rapid adjustment of the co-standard. This study performs a theoretical analysis of the developed Offner imaging spectrometer based on the classical Rowland circular structure, with a 21.8 mm slit length; simulates its capacity for suppressing the +2nd-order diffraction stray light with the filter; and analyzes the imaging quality after meeting the tolerance requirements, which is combined with the surface shape characteristics of the high-efficiency grating. After this test, the grating has a diffraction efficiency above 50%, and the silver-coated mirrors have a reflection value above 95% on average. Finally, the laboratory tests show that the SNR over the waveband exceeds 300 and reaches 800 at 550 nm, which is higher than some current instruments in orbit for soil observation. The proposed imaging spectrometer has a spectral resolution of 10 nm, and its modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than 0.23 at the Nyquist frequency, making it suitable for remote sensing observation of SOM change rate. The manufacture of such a high-efficiency broadband grating and the development of the proposed instrument with high energy transmission efficiency can provide a feasible technical solution for observing faint targets with a high SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. 基于微透镜阵列的蓝光匀化系统设计及实验研究.
- Author
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刘荣战
- Abstract
Copyright of Laser Technology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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35. The concept for hard X‐ray beamline optics at SLS 2.0.
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Roesner, Benedikt, Raabe, Joerg, Willmott, Philip R., and Flechsig, Uwe
- Subjects
X-ray optics ,HARD X-rays ,FOCUS (Optics) ,STORAGE rings ,X-ray crystallography ,LIGHT sources - Abstract
In the scope of the latest upgrade of the Swiss Light Source, five hard X‐ray beamlines will be constructed or rebuilt. To use synergies between these beamline projects, a concept is developed here for hard X‐ray beamlines that is tailored to the new storage ring. Herein, this concept is described from the source, via the front end, to the beamline optics. The latter will be outlined in detail, including a new and modular concept for hard X‐ray monochromators, focusing optics and heat‐load management. With a simple, easy‐to‐operate and robust beamline design, the new beamlines will greatly profit from the increased brilliance of the new storage ring. The performance increase is up to four orders of magnitude, while the beamline concept allows for the broad application of experimental techniques, from propagation‐based methods, such as phase‐contrast tomography, to imaging techniques with nanometre resolution. At the same time, spectroscopy experiments are possible as well as high‐performance serial X‐ray crystallography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Optical Design and Optimization of Space High-Cadence Observing Telescope (SHOT).
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Zhang, Mingzhu, Duan, Ran, Li, Di, Zhang, Xiaohang, Yang, Lihui, Liu, Fei, Wang, Yu, Yu, Shiling, Ma, Xiaoyun, and Yan, Xiaohui
- Subjects
- *
OPTICAL aberrations , *OPTICAL elements , *TELESCOPES , *WORK design , *OPTICAL detectors , *TERAHERTZ materials - Abstract
The Space High-cadence Observing Telescope (SHOT) is proposed to conduct a wide-field survey in one of the frequency bands between 1 and 3 THz with an aperture of 0.8 m. It will provide complete terahertz and far-infrared photometry with low-resolution spectroscopy throughout the sky, promoting the study of fast radio bursts, the formation and evolution of stars, and other scientific goals. The telescope will adopt a superconducting kinetic inductance detector to achieve a wide survey of terahertz imaging. This work designs the optical system of SHOT to obtain a large FOV of up to 1.5 deg and match the detector with the size of 60 mm × 60 mm and pixel pitch of 0.8 mm. The primary optical system adopts a Ritchey–Chrétien design. By adding a corrector lens to the optical system and optimization, the aberrations mainly caused by the optical elements in the detector system are reduced. The influence of each component assigned to different terahertz materials is analyzed. The results show that TPX is more suitable than the other two materials. The performance of the optimized optical system is close to its diffraction limit. It will have the characteristics of high image quality and compact layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Light-Field Optimization of Deep-Ultraviolet LED Modules for Efficient Microbial Inactivation.
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Huang, Jiaxin, Wang, Qingna, Ye, Xiaofang, Li, Wenxiang, Cheng, Keyang, Qu, Shanzhi, Kang, Wenyu, Yin, Jun, and Kang, Junyong
- Subjects
MICROBIAL inactivation ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,OPTICAL measurements ,LIGHT emitting diodes ,POWER density ,FORWARD error correction ,POLARITONS - Abstract
Public awareness of preventing pathogenic microorganisms has significantly increased. Among numerous microbial prevention methods, the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) disinfection technology has received wide attention by using the nitride-based light-emitting diode (LED). However, the light extraction efficiency of DUV LEDs and the utilization rate of emitted DUV light are relatively low at the current stage. In this study, a light distribution design (referred to as the reflective system) was explored to enhance the utilization of emitted DUV from LEDs, leading to successful and efficient surface and air disinfection. Optical power measurements and microbial inactivation tests demonstrated an approximately 79% improvement in average radiation power density achieved by the reflective system when measured at a 5 cm distance from the irradiation surface. Moreover, a statistically significant enhancement in local surface disinfection was observed with low electric power consumption. The reflective system was integrated into an air purifier and underwent air disinfection testing, effectively disinfecting a 3 m
3 space within ten minutes. Additionally, a fluorine resin film at the nanolevel was developed to protect the light module from oxidation, validated through a 1200 h accelerated aging test under humid conditions. This research offers valuable guidance for efficient and energy-saving DUV disinfection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
38. A Scheme for High Spatial Resolution Imaging Spectroscopy Technology
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Zhao, Zhe, Zhu, Jiacheng, Shen, Weimin, Urbach, H. Paul, editor, Li, Deren, editor, and Yu, Dengyun, editor
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- 2024
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39. Principles and Research Progress on LEDs
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Ke, Xizheng and Ke, Xizheng
- Published
- 2024
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40. Terahertz Non-destructive Imaging System Applied on Composite Materials Testing
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Wu, Jianqing, Nie, Bairun, Zhang, Chuansheng, Li, Yunyun, Gao, Jinghong, Wang, Xiaodong, Chang, Chao, editor, Zhang, Yaxin, editor, Zhao, Ziran, editor, and Zhu, Yiming, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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41. Structure design for light‐extraction enhancement of UVC‐LED
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Qixin Liu and An‐Chi Wei
- Subjects
optical design ,optoelectronic devices ,thermal simulation ,UVC‐LED ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Abstract UVC‐LEDs have drawn attention recently because of their benefits to sterilization, decontamination, etc. Since the internal quantum efficiency and light extraction efficiency (LEE) of UVC‐LEDs are low, their external quantum efficiency remains unsatisfied. To enhance the LEE, this study proposes an integration design with the features of substrate‐thickness optimization, substrate shaping, diffuse‐reflective coating, an index‐matching layer, and taper‐base optimization. In addition to optical modeling via ray tracing, thermal modeling is conducted to evaluate both the optical and thermal performances of each feature. The simulation results show that, by means of the combination of these features, the LEE of the chip can be raised from 18.5% to more than 40%, and the average temperature of the device can be lowered by 2.2°C via the design of the diffuse‐reflective coating.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
42. Comparison of radiant intensity in aqueous media using experimental and numerical simulation techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
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Javier Marugán, Cristina Pablos, Adithya Pai Uppinakudru, Simon Stanley, Cintia Casado, and Ken Reynolds
- Subjects
actinometry ,discrete ordinate ,optical design ,radiometry ,ray tracing ,ultraviolet light ,eng ,Science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Accurately modelling the propagation of radiant intensity in aqueous environments poses significant challenges for both academia and industry, due to complex interactions like absorption, scattering, and reflection. This study aims to improve the accuracy of optical modeling in water-based systems by comparing experimental data with numerical simulation techniques, addressing the need for more reliable simulation methods in multiple applications like treatment of water and environmental monitoring.Implementation has been done by analyzing how the method compares with the discrete ordinate method, radiometry, and actinometry. The study further quantifies the effect of the photoreactor quartz tube on measured intensity for multiple wavelengths. Losses in light intensity are estimated to be 10 ± 0.5% for FX-1 265 source. In contrast, the simulation in a water medium showed an increase of up to 64% in the light intensity delivered to the central part of the tube due to internal reflections and scattering. Model predictions from ray tracing successfully compared with the Discrete Ordinate Method (DOM) and experimental data (within ± 6%), ensuring the accurate design of complex systems for water disinfection. The data from simulations is seen to tackle challenges faced in complex radiation modeling and demonstrates that the method can be utilized as a useful tool for optimization and prediction.
- Published
- 2024
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43. Desensitization design of freeform off-axis TMA optical systems with configuration selection
- Author
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Chengming Ren, Qingyu Meng, and Qi Chen
- Subjects
optical design ,freeform surface ,off-axis TMA optical systems ,low sensitivity ,configuration selection ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic (TMA) optical system has the advantages of eliminating all primary aberrations, having no aperture obscuration, no chromatic aberration, and good environmental adaptability, making it essential in high-performance optical instruments. Freeform surfaces, with their rich degrees of freedom (DOFs) in mathematical representation, positively affect the image quality and sensitivity of optical systems. When applied correctly to off-axis TMA optical systems, they can achieve fast F-numbers, large fields of view (FOVs), and long focal lengths. There are dozens of configurations for off-axis TMA optical systems, and freeform surfaces can be combined in numerous ways within these systems. This paper first analyzes the sensitivity of off-axis TMA optical systems with different configurations, selects the configuration with the lowest sensitivity, and combines it with a low sensitivity freeform surface combination to achieve high-performance freeform off-axis TMA optical systems with low sensitivity.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
44. Evolutionary strategy combined to Fuzzy Logic and Shannon’s Entropy to maximize the optimization of optical coupler design
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Wilton Moreira Ferraz, Junior, Marcos Sergio Gonçalves, and Carlos Henrique da Silva Santos
- Subjects
Optical design ,Optimization ,Evolutionary strategy ,Fuzzy Logic ,Shannon’s Entropy ,Computer software ,QA76.75-76.765 - Abstract
This work presents a novel optimization strategy for maximum coupling results in optical coupler design. It was performed by the association between Evolutionary Strategy based metaheuristic with Fuzzy Logic and Shannon’s Entropy estimation for fitness bias support and control population diversity, respectively. This solution provided convergence for better results with fewer iterations and, consequently, reduced processing time. The results of some of the performance tests are presented, in which the best configuration obtained using the ES+Fuzzy with Shannon’s Entropy leads to an optical coupling around 86% by a device operating at a wavelength of 1.55μm to support the telecommunication services.
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- 2024
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45. Compact freeform near-eye display system design enabled by optical-digital joint optimization
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Huiming Xu, Tong Yang, Dewen Cheng, and Yongtian Wang
- Subjects
near-eye display system ,freeform optics ,compact structure ,image compensation network ,optical–digital joint optimization ,optical design ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The near-eye display (NED) systems, designed to project content into the human eye, are pivotal in the realms of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), offering users immersive experiences. A small volume is the key for a fashionable, easy-to-wear, comfortable NED system for industrial and consumer use. Freeform surfaces can significantly reduce the system volume and weight while improving the system specifications. However, great challenges still exist in further reducing the volume of near-eye display systems as there is also a limit when using only freeform optics. This paper introduces a novel method for designing compact freeform NED systems through a powerful optical–digital joint design. The method integrates a geometrical freeform optical design with deep learning of an image compensation neural network, addressing off-axis nonsymmetric structures with complex freeform surfaces. A design example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, the volume of a freeform NED system is reduced by approximately 63% compared to the system designed by the traditional method, while still maintaining high-quality display performance. The proposed method opens a new pathway for the design of a next-generation ultra-compact NED system.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Off-Axis Co-Optical Path Large-Range Line Scanning Chromatic Confocal Sensor
- Author
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Meizhong Liao, Yuqi Yang, Xiaolian Lu, Haiqi Li, Jun Zhang, Jinfeng Wang, and Zhe Chen
- Subjects
Chromatic confocal sensor ,optical design ,off-axis co-optical path ,line scanning ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 - Abstract
Abstract This article proposes a line scanning chromatic confocal sensor to solve the problem of limited chromatic confocal measurement due to the small measurement range and low measurement efficiency in the industrial inspection process. To obtain an extensive dispersion range, the advantages of a simple single-axis structure are combined with the advantages of a large luminous flux of a biaxial structure. Considering large-scale measurement, our sensor uses off-axis rays to limit the illumination path and imaging path to the same optical path structure. At the same time, the field of view is expanded, and a symmetrical structure is adopted to provide a compact optical path and improve space utilization. The simulation and physical system test results shows that the sensor scanning line length is 12.5 mm, and the axial measurement range in the 450 nm to 750 nm band is better than 20 mm. The axial resolution of the detector is ±1 µm combined with the subpixel centroid extraction data processing method, and the maximum allowable tilt angle for specular reflection samples is ±7°. The thicknesses of transparent standard flat glass and the wet collagen membrane are measured. The maximum average error is 1.3 µm, and the relative error is within 0.7%. The constructed sensor is of great significance for rapidly measuring the three-dimensional profile, flatness, and thickness in the fields of transparent biological samples, optics, micromechanics, and semiconductors.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Advanced visual components inspired by animal eyes
- Author
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Chang Sehui, Kong Duk-Jo, and Song Young Min
- Subjects
bioinspired vision ,optical design ,nanostructures ,image sensors ,retinomorphic devices ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Artificial vision systems pervade our daily lives as a foremost sensing apparatus in various digital technologies, from smartphones to autonomous cars and robotics. The broad range of applications for conventional vision systems requires facile adaptation under extreme and dynamic visual environments. However, these current needs have complicated individual visual components for high-quality image acquisition and processing, which indeed leads to a decline in efficiency in the overall system. Here, we review recent advancements in visual components for high-performance visual processing based on strategies of biological eyes that execute diverse imaging functionalities and sophisticated visual processes with simple and concise ocular structures. This review first covers the structures and functions of biological eyes (i.e., single-lens eyes and compound eyes), which contain micro-optic components and nanophotonic structures. After that, we focus on their inspirations in imaging optics/photonics, light-trapping and filtering components, and retinomorphic devices. We discuss the remaining challenges and notable biological structures waiting to be implemented.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Design of a Multi-Scale Long-Focal Imaging System Based on Tessar Primary Lenses
- Author
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Liu Fei, Tai Zhichao, Zhang Minjie, Xiang Meng, Yu Chun, Shao Xiaopeng
- Subjects
multi-scale system ,high resolution ,tessar structure ,telephoto system ,optical design ,photoelectric imaging ,Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,TL1-4050 - Abstract
In order to meet the demand for accurate identification of distant targets by improving the resolution of multi-scale imaging systems, from primary lenses focus, a design scheme of a multi-scale long-focal imaging system based on the Tessar primary lenses is proposed in this paper. Two constraints that need to be added to the primary lenses for meeting the linear arrangement of secondary lenses are analyzed. In response to the problem of the imaging quali-ty degradation of the system as the off-axis angle of the secondary lenses array increases, synergy optimization is applied to the secondary lenses in adjacent areas. Additionally, free-form surface types are used to correct aberrations in the off-axis position optimization of the secondary lenses. The MTF curves of different field-of-view areas are consistent, showing that the system achieves ideal imaging quality across the full field of view. The spatial resolution of the multi-scale imaging system designed using the Tessar primary lenses structure is 14 μrad. Compared to multi-scale systems based on concentric spherical lenses, it is significantly higher.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Design of Polarization Spectroscopy Integrated Imaging System
- Author
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Jianan Liu, Jing Cui, Mingce Chen, Shuo Yang, Hongyu Sun, Qi Wang, Juntong Zhan, Yingchao Li, Qiang Fu, and Chao Wang
- Subjects
optical design ,polarization spectral imaging ,integration of polarization and spectroscopy ,oil spill on the sea surface ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 - Abstract
To simultaneously acquire the spectral and polarization information of the target and achieve the monitoring and identification of the target object, a polarization spectral integrated imaging system is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the structural principle of the polarization spectral integrated imaging system is introduced. The relationship between the spatial resolution, spectral resolution, and the system’s structural parameters is analyzed. The design of the optical part of the polarization spectral integrated imaging system is completed, along with the tolerance analysis. Secondly, the mechanical structure of the polarization spectral integrated imaging system is designed. Finally, by using a drone to carry the polarization spectral integrated imaging system, a simulation experiment for sea surface oil spill monitoring is conducted, and the hyperspectral and polarization information of the ocean, crude oil, fuel oil, palm oil, diesel, and gasoline are obtained. The polarization and spectral information were integrated. The integration of hyperspectral and polarization data yields remarkable enhancement outcomes, allowing for the clear delineation of previously challenging-to-identify crude oil contamination areas against the marine background in the fused images, characterized by sharper boundaries and improved discriminability. This accomplishment underscores the feasibility of our system for the rapid identification of large-scale oil spill events.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Infrared Imaging System with a Local Polarization Channel for Target Detection
- Author
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Xin Liu, Zikang Jiang, Chunhui Niu, Xiaoying Li, Yong Lv, and Jun Chang
- Subjects
infrared imaging ,local polarization ,optical design ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Infrared imaging can detect the targets from their backgrounds during the day and night. As a supplementary tool, polarization imaging can visually characterize the polarized information of targets in complicated environments. In this study, an infrared imaging system with a local polarization channel is developed and simulated. The system can acquire local infrared and polarization information of the target without compromising the monitoring of the entire field of view. This system is composed of two infrared imaging channels with a common image plane: a peripheral channel for the entire field of view and a local imaging channel for the target of interest to achieve local magnification and polarization imaging. Herein, an imaging simulation of the infrared imaging system with a local polarization channel is performed, and the results show that the system performs well.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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