2,174 results on '"Ophtalmologie"'
Search Results
2. Le brolucizumab (Béovu®) en injection intravitréenne.
- Author
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Buxeraud, Jacques and Faure, Sébastien
- Abstract
Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Le faricimab (Vabysmo®), un médicament indiqué en injection intravitréenne.
- Author
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Buxeraud, Jacques and Faure, Sébastien
- Abstract
Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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4. Pathologies générales nécessitant un suivi ophtalmologique.
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Layrolle, Guy and Malbos, Damien
- Abstract
Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Dispensation des traitements des maladies oculaires chroniques.
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Layrolle, Alexia
- Abstract
Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Prise en charge des affections et problèmes oculaires aigus à l'officine.
- Author
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Malbos, Damien
- Abstract
Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Mimickers of anterior uveitis, scleritis and misdiagnoses- tips and tricks for the cornea specialist
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Caplash, Sonny, Paez-Escamilla, Manuel, Westcott, Mark, Dansingani, Kunal K.K., Indermill, Chad, Kisma, Nacima, Frau, Eric, Sahel, José Alain, Bodaghi, Bahram, Jhanji, Vishal, Errera, Marie Helene, Caplash, Sonny, Paez-Escamilla, Manuel, Westcott, Mark, Dansingani, Kunal K.K., Indermill, Chad, Kisma, Nacima, Frau, Eric, Sahel, José Alain, Bodaghi, Bahram, Jhanji, Vishal, and Errera, Marie Helene
- Abstract
Background: Anterior uveitis, inflammation of the anterior chamber and related structures, is a cohort of diseases that can present to almost any general or sub-specialty Ophthalmology practice. Its features classically involve anterior chamber cell and flare. Below the surface of these two signs exist a panoply of diagnoses. Body: The purpose of this review is to provide a general framework for diagnoses of anterior uveitis that are often missed as well as non-uveitic pathologies that often mimic anterior uveitis. Diagnostic deviation in either direction can have vision-threatening and rarely life-threatening consequences for patients. Using a comprehensive literature review we have collected a broad spectrum of etiologies of anterior uveitis that are easily missed and non-uveitic pathologies that can masquerade as anterior uveitis. Conclusions: We present a focused review on specific misdiagnosed anterior uveitis pathologies and some of the conditions that can masquerade as anterior uveitis and scleritis., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2024
8. [Ophthalmology telemedicine at Rennes University Medical Center: Evaluation of the secure platform OMNIDOC during its first year of use].
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Bourré T, Costes M, Mouriaux F, and Soethoudt M
- Abstract
Introduction: Ophthalmology as a specialty is a pioneer in the area of telemedicine. Remote consultation represents one of the 5 types of telemedicine services, with a growing volume of activity in university hospitals. In November 2020, the ophthalmology department of Rennes University Medical Center launched its remote consultation network with the secured platform OMNIDOC. The goal of this study was to assess its contribution during its first year of use., Materials and Methods: Beginning in November 2020, ophthalmology consults at Rennes University Medical Center were directed towards the dedicated OMNIDOC network. Three-hundred and forty-one requests for remote consultation were received and analyzed between November 2020 and October 2021. We sent a satisfaction survey to both the requesting and consultant physicians to assess whether or not the network was beneficial., Results: Three-hundred and twenty-seven remote consultations requested by 126 practitioners were included in the study. The median response time was 6hours. Every field of the specialty was involved, of which 22.3% were for pediatric patients under 6years of age. Among the requests, 89.7% were regional (Brittany) and came mostly from ophthalmologists (61.77%). Nearly one out of two patients did not require an in-person consultation at Rennes University Medical Center., Discussion: The implementation of a remote consultation network allowed access to a rapid, facilitated medical ophthalmology consultation. Such a platform delivers safety and traceability of the interactions. It enhances and optimizes the patients' care pathway and encourages relationships with community physicians., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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9. COVID-19 pandemic and impact of universal face mask wear on ocular surface health and risk of infection.
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Navel V, Labetoulle M, Lazreg S, Brémond-Gignac D, and Chiambaretta F
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- Humans, Dry Eye Syndromes epidemiology, Dry Eye Syndromes etiology, Endophthalmitis epidemiology, Endophthalmitis prevention & control, Endophthalmitis etiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 epidemiology, Masks adverse effects, Pandemics prevention & control, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
Universal mask wear is an effective public health intervention to reduce SARS-Cov-2 transmission, especially in enclosed public spaces and healthcare environments. Concerns have been raised about possible transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 through ocular secretions, leading to enhanced protective measures during ophthalmic procedures. However, there is some evidence for air jets from the upper edge of the surgical mask to the ocular surface, especially when the mask is not well fit. Prolonged airflow towards the ocular surface during expiration may alter tear-film stability, leading to hyperosmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. This also raises the question of whether the ocular surface is contaminated with oral flora from airflow directed toward the eyes, thus increasing the risk of ocular infection. Herein we review the impact of patient face mask wear on the ocular surface, eyelids and risk of ocular infection, particularly during ocular surgery. There is some evidence for increased incidence of dry eye or eyelid disease during periods of mandatory face mask wear. While high daily exposure is consistent with a direct association, this should be mitigated by various cofounding factors which could also affect the ocular health during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increased risk of post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis, possibly due to face mask wear by the patient, including culture-positive endophthalmitis, has been reported in one retrospective study. Several measures have been shown to prevent or limit the risk of developing dry eye disease or exacerbation, eyelid cyst, and ocular infection during intravitreal injections., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
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- 2024
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10. LA RÉTINOPATHIE DU BORDER COLLIE, UNE MALADIE HÉRÉDITAIRE MAIS UN GÈNE DIFFICILE A ISOLER.
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CHAUDIEU, Gilles and QUIGNON, Pascale
- Abstract
Copyright of Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France is the property of Academie Veterinaire de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. [Creation and evaluation of a triage survey for ophthalmology emergencies].
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Poret J, Fauviaux E, Jany B, Bourges JL, and Tran THC
- Subjects
- Humans, Emergencies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency Service, Hospital, Triage methods, Ophthalmology
- Abstract
Purpose: The demand for eye care is growing continuously. We created a triage survey system, based on categories of severity, to optimize first line patient care in an ophthalmology emergency department., Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 7th, 2021 to October 10th, 2021. During this period, a survey was taken by patients upon arrival to the emergency department. Patients completed the survey by ticking boxes that best fitted their situation. The survey classified patients into three categories of severity: GREEN, ORANGE and RED. A chart review was performed to record the final diagnoses. The severity of each diagnosis was rated according to the Base Score. This score was then compared to the level of severity as determined by our survey to calculate the agreement between the two methods., Results: We collected 767 survey forms, with an 80% response rate. We noted 78 different diagnoses. We scored 564 patients as GREEN, 107 as ORANGE and 96 as RED. The sensitivity rates for the green, orange and red categories were 90%, 70% and 96% respectively. The specificity rates were 90% for the green category, 95% for orange and 94% for red, with good agreement (kappa coefficient=0.70)., Conclusion: Our results suggest that a self-administered survey could be useful as a triage tool for common ocular emergencies. This survey could be performed better if complete by the patients with the assistance of emergency staff. Potentially helpful for high flow structures such as university-based hospitals, this triage survey might also help in comprehensive clinics or emergency departments., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Délais de prise en charge des complications visuelles d'artérite à cellules géantes : étude rétrospective monocentrique de 33 patients.
- Author
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Sené, T., Clavel, G., Villeneuve, D., Philibert, M., Mauget-Faÿsse, M., Lamirel, C., Lecler, A., Gout, O., Hage, R., Lidove, O., and Vignal-Clermont, C.
- Abstract
Ocular complications of giant cell arteritis (GCA) can lead to irreversible bilateral blindness and represent a therapeutic emergency. Recommendations for the management of GCA have recently been updated. The objective of the study was to evaluate delays in appropriate management of the ocular complications of GCA and its determinants. Retrospective, monocentric study, conducted over the period January 2013–November 2018. All consecutive patients with a final diagnosis of GCA and related visual impairment (permanent visual loss and/or alteration of visual field) were included. Thirty-three patients were included (women: 21, men: 12; mean age at diagnosis: 79). Twenty-seven patients (82%) presented with symptoms suggestive of ACG prior to the visual complication, ranging from a few weeks to several months. Seventeen patients (52%) had a known biological inflammatory syndrome (median CRP at 64 mg/L) prior to hospital consultation. The median time from the onset of permanent ophthalmologic manifestations to appropriate corticosteroid management was 3 days (range: 0–134). Two of the 21 patients who consulted an out-of-hospital ophthalmologist received corticosteroid therapy before referral to hospital. Three patients (9%) were treated within 24 h of the onset of the disorders. There is a significant delay in the appropriate management of ophthalmological complications of ACG and deviations from current recommendations. Numerous actions must therefore be taken to improve the visual prognosis of patients with ACG, both preventively (i.e. early diagnosis and treatment of ACG before the possible occurrence of visual complications), and curatively (rapid recognition and immediate treatment of ocular complications). These elements support the relevance of specific fast-track pathways for GCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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13. Clinical Utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Work-up of Children with Uveitis
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Bazewicz, Magdalena, Makhoul, Dorine, Goffin, Laurence, El Mouden, Jamella, Judice De Menezes Relvas, Lia, Caspers, Laure, Draganova, Dafina, Postelmans, Laurence, Garcia, Camilo, Willermain, Francois, Bazewicz, Magdalena, Makhoul, Dorine, Goffin, Laurence, El Mouden, Jamella, Judice De Menezes Relvas, Lia, Caspers, Laure, Draganova, Dafina, Postelmans, Laurence, Garcia, Camilo, and Willermain, Francois
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/ultra low dose Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/ ULD CT) in the work-up of pediatric uveitis. Methods: Retrospective study of 12 children followed for uveitis who underwent whole body 18F-FDG PET/ULD CT between 2011 and 2019. Results: The average age of the patients was 11 years. A total of 100% of patients presented with bilateral uveitis, 50% had panuveitis and 92% had various choroidal involvement. Relevant information for diagnosis was provided in four patients. 5/12 had an abnormal 18F-FDG uptake. Of these, three patients had pathognomonic images of active granulomatous diseases. Three patients underwent PET CT-guided biopsies of which two were positive for sarcoidosis. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT provided important information for final diagnosis in approximately 30% (4/12) of pediatric patients with bilateral uveitis. Whole body FDG PET/ULD CT can contribute to the final diagnosis thanks to pathognomonic image of active granulomatous disease and/or by indicating metabolically active site of biopsy that would not be visualized in thorax CT., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2023
14. Iconographie d’une persistance de la vascularisation fœtale.
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Chauveau, Elliott, Baranski, Mathieu, Ehongo Bidime, Adèle, Delle Fave, Martina, Chauveau, Elliott, Baranski, Mathieu, Ehongo Bidime, Adèle, and Delle Fave, Martina
- Abstract
SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2023
15. Exome Sequencing and the Identification of New Genes and Shared Mechanisms in Polymicrogyria
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Akula, Shyam S.K., Chen, Allen A.Y., Neil, Jennifer J.E., Shao, Diane D.D., Mo, Alisa, Hylton, Norma N.K., DiTroia, Stephanie S.P., Ganesh, Vijay, Smith, Richard R.S., O'Kane, Katherine, Yeh, Rebecca R.C., Marciano, Jack J.H., Kirkham, Samantha, Kenny, Connor C.J., Song, Janet J.H.T., Al Saffar, Muna, Millan, Francisca, Harris, David D.J., Murphy, Andrea A.V., Klemp, Kara K.C., Braddock, Stephen S.R., Brand, Harrison, Wong, Isaac, Talkowski, Michael M.E., O'Donnell-Luria, Anne, Lai, Abbe, Hill, Robert Sean, Mochida, Ganeshwaran G.H., Doan, Ryan R.N., Barkovich, Anthony James, Yang, Edward, Amrom, Dina, Andermann, Eva, Poduri, Annapurna, Walsh, Christopher C.A., Akula, Shyam S.K., Chen, Allen A.Y., Neil, Jennifer J.E., Shao, Diane D.D., Mo, Alisa, Hylton, Norma N.K., DiTroia, Stephanie S.P., Ganesh, Vijay, Smith, Richard R.S., O'Kane, Katherine, Yeh, Rebecca R.C., Marciano, Jack J.H., Kirkham, Samantha, Kenny, Connor C.J., Song, Janet J.H.T., Al Saffar, Muna, Millan, Francisca, Harris, David D.J., Murphy, Andrea A.V., Klemp, Kara K.C., Braddock, Stephen S.R., Brand, Harrison, Wong, Isaac, Talkowski, Michael M.E., O'Donnell-Luria, Anne, Lai, Abbe, Hill, Robert Sean, Mochida, Ganeshwaran G.H., Doan, Ryan R.N., Barkovich, Anthony James, Yang, Edward, Amrom, Dina, Andermann, Eva, Poduri, Annapurna, and Walsh, Christopher C.A.
- Abstract
Importance: Polymicrogyria is the most commonly diagnosed cortical malformation and is associated with neurodevelopmental sequelae including epilepsy, motor abnormalities, and cognitive deficits. Polymicrogyria frequently co-occurs with other brain malformations or as part of syndromic diseases. Past studies of polymicrogyria have defined heterogeneous genetic and nongenetic causes but have explained only a small fraction of cases. Objective: To survey germline genetic causes of polymicrogyria in a large cohort and to consider novel polymicrogyria gene associations. Design, Setting, and Participants: This genetic association study analyzed panel sequencing and exome sequencing of accrued DNA samples from a retrospective cohort of families with members with polymicrogyria. Samples were accrued over more than 20 years (1994 to 2020), and sequencing occurred in 2 stages: panel sequencing (June 2015 to January 2016) and whole-exome sequencing (September 2019 to March 2020). Individuals seen at multiple clinical sites for neurological complaints found to have polymicrogyria on neuroimaging, then referred to the research team by evaluating clinicians, were included in the study. Targeted next-generation sequencing and/or exome sequencing were performed on probands (and available parents and siblings) from 284 families with individuals who had isolated polymicrogyria or polymicrogyria as part of a clinical syndrome and no genetic diagnosis at time of referral from clinic, with sequencing from 275 families passing quality control. Main Outcomes and Measures: The number of families in whom genetic sequencing yielded a molecular diagnosis that explained the polymicrogyria in the family. Secondarily, the relative frequency of different genetic causes of polymicrogyria and whether specific genetic causes were associated with co-occurring head size changes were also analyzed. Results: In 32.7% (90 of 275) of polymicrogyria-affected families, genetic variants were identified that, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2023
16. Bogoliubov Excitations Driven by Thermal Lattice Phonons in a Quantum Fluid of Light
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Frérot, Irénée, Vashisht, Amit, Morassi, Martina, Lemaître, Aristide, Ravets, Sylvain, Bloch, Jacqueline, Minguzzi, Anna, Richard, Maxime, Frérot, Irénée, Vashisht, Amit, Morassi, Martina, Lemaître, Aristide, Ravets, Sylvain, Bloch, Jacqueline, Minguzzi, Anna, and Richard, Maxime
- Abstract
The elementary excitations in weakly interacting quantum fluids have a nontrivial nature which is at the basis of defining quantum phenomena such as superfluidity. These excitations and the physics they lead to have been explored in closed quantum systems at thermal equilibrium both theoretically within the celebrated Bogoliubov framework and experimentally in quantum fluids of ultracold atoms. Over the past decade, the relevance of Bogoliubov excitations has become essential to understand quantum fluids of interacting photons. Their driven-dissipative character leads to distinct properties with respect to their equilibrium counterparts. For instance, the condensate coupling to the photonic vacuum environment leads to a nonzero generation rate of elementary excitations with many striking implications. In this work, considering that quantum fluids of light are often hosted in solid-state systems, we show within a joint theory-experiment analysis that the vibrations of the crystal constitute another environment that the condensate is fundamentally coupled to. This coupling leads to a unique heat transfer mechanism, resulting in a large generation rate of elementary excitations in typical experimental conditions, and to a fundamental nonzero contribution at vanishing temperatures. Our work provides a complete framework for solid-embedded quantum fluids of light, which is invaluable in view of achieving a regime dominated by photon-vacuum fluctuations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2023
17. Myopic (Peri)papillary Changes and Visual Field Defects.
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Ehongo Bidime, Adèle, Dugauquier, Artemise, Kisma, Nacima, De Maertelaer, Viviane, Nana Wandji, Brenda, Tchatchou Tomy, Wilfried, Alaoui Mhammedi, Yassir, Coppens, Kevin, Leroy, Karelle, Bremer, Françoise, Ehongo Bidime, Adèle, Dugauquier, Artemise, Kisma, Nacima, De Maertelaer, Viviane, Nana Wandji, Brenda, Tchatchou Tomy, Wilfried, Alaoui Mhammedi, Yassir, Coppens, Kevin, Leroy, Karelle, and Bremer, Françoise
- Abstract
Myopic eyes combining gamma peripapillary atrophy and peripapillary staphyloma were sorted according to the presence of intrachoroidal cavitation (PICCs) or its absence (combinations). Visual field defects (VFDs) and factors discriminating these groups were analyzed., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2023
18. Understanding Posterior Staphyloma in Pathologic Myopia: Current Overview, New Input, and Perspectives
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Ehongo Bidime, Adèle and Ehongo Bidime, Adèle
- Abstract
Posterior staphyloma (PS) is considered the hallmark of pathologic myopia and is defined as an outpouching of a circumscribed portion of the eyeball with a radius of curvature smaller than that of the adjacent zone. Although more common in eyes with high myopia, it can affect those without it. The presence of PS is associated with a structurally and functionally worse course of high myopia that can lead to visual disability. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PS is unclear so far. Thus, due to the increasing prevalence of myopia which has been further exacerbated by the advent of COVID-19 lockdown, researchers are eager to elucidate the pathogenesis of pathologic myopia and that of its complications, especially PS, which will allow the development of preventive strategies. The aim of this work was to review the morphological characteristics of PS with emphasis on similarities with peripapillary staphyloma and to discuss the pathogenesis of PS considering recent suggestions about that of peripapillary staphyloma., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2023
19. Ocular sarcoidosis in adults and children: update on clinical manifestation and diagnosis
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Bazewicz, Magdalena, Heissigerova, Jarmila, Pavesio, Carlos, Willermain, Francois, Skrzypecki, Janusz, Bazewicz, Magdalena, Heissigerova, Jarmila, Pavesio, Carlos, Willermain, Francois, and Skrzypecki, Janusz
- Abstract
Sarcoidosis-associated uveitis, is the predominant ocular sarcoidosis presentation, which affects both adults and children. For adults, international ocular sarcoidosis criteria (IWOS) and sarcoidosis-associated uveitis criteria (SUN) are defined. However, for children they are not yet established internationally. Due to the specificity of pediatric manifestations of sarcoidosis, this task is even more challenging. In children, sarcoidosis is subdivided into Blau syndrome and early-onset sarcoidosis (BS/EOS) affecting younger children (< 5 years) and the one affecting older children with clinical presentation resembling adults. Differential diagnosis, clinical work-up as well as diagnostic criteria should be adapted to each age group. In this article, we review the clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis-associated uveitis in adults and children and the sensitivity and specificity of various ocular sarcoidosis diagnostic modalities, including chest X-ray and CT, FDG PET-CT, gallium-67 scintigraphy, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, genetic testing for NOD2 mutations and serum biomarkers, such as ACE, lysozyme and IL2R., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2023
20. Reaching the Yield Point of a Glass during X-Ray Irradiation
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Martinelli, Alessandro, Caporaletti, Federico, Dallari, Francesco, Sprung, Michael, Westermeier, Fabian, Baldi, Giacomo, Monaco, Giulio, Martinelli, Alessandro, Caporaletti, Federico, Dallari, Francesco, Sprung, Michael, Westermeier, Fabian, Baldi, Giacomo, and Monaco, Giulio
- Abstract
A solid loaded beyond the yield stress loses its elastic properties and becomes plastic. From a microscopic point of view, this limit corresponds to the condition where plastic regions become so densely packed that they give rise to system-spanning structures. This limit for glasses is abrupt, which makes experimental investigations challenging. Here, the yield point is reached by the alternative approach of increasing the density of plastic regions by generation of point defects during x-ray irradiation. For the case of a LiBO2 glass, we show that at low doses, i.e. for a low density of defects, the defects behave as isolated stress sources that induce atomic displacements typical of an elastic solid. As the density of defects increases, the mechanical response of the glass at the local scale changes from elastic to more and more plastic, until reaching the limit where it becomes characteristic of a flowing system, which signals that the yield point is reached., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2023
21. État des lieux des thérapies géniques en ophtalmologie
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Dupuy, Victor, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de pharmacie (AMU PHARM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Jérémy Magalon
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Ophtalmologie ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Rétinite pigmentaire ,Biotechnologie ,Dégénérescence Maculaire Liée à l’Âge ,[SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences ,Luxturna ,Génétique ,Thérapie génique ,Vecteur viral - Abstract
L'objectif de cette thèse est d'offrir une vue d'ensemble sur l'état actuel des thérapies géniques en ophtalmologie. Si l'approbation du Luxturna® pour l'amaurose congénitale de Leber causée par une mutation bi-allélique du gène RPE65 a été une avancée significative, il convient de noter que de nombreuses autres thérapies sont actuellement en cours de développement, couvrant un large éventail de maladies oculaires, tant rétiniennes que d'autres composantes de l'œil. Ces thérapies peuvent être appliquées aussi bien dans les cas de maladies héréditaires que de maladies acquises, ciblant des gènes spécifiques ou des mécanismes indépendants des gènes mutés. Ces thérapies utilisent également des stratégies différentes dont la supplémentation, le silençage ou l’édition génique, mais aussi l’optogénétique.
- Published
- 2023
22. Microbiote intestinal et pathologies oculaires
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Bono, Amir, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de pharmacie (AMU PHARM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Véronique Andrieu
- Subjects
Rétinopathie diabétique ,Ophtalmologie ,Dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge ,Microbiote intestinal ,Sécheresse oculaire ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Probiotique ,Uvéite ,Pathologies oculaires ,[SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
Le microbiote intestinal joue un rôle central pour son hôte. Il participe à la protection de l’hôte via sa fonction barrière, le métabolisme des nutriments, la production de neurotransmetteurs ainsi que le développement et la maturation du système immunitaire. Les pathologies oculaires sont multifactorielles et présentent des composantes environnementales, génétiques, allergiques, métaboliques, inflammatoires, auto-immunes et liées à la senescence. Des études ont été réalisées pour évaluer l’incidence du microbiote intestinal sur l’œil. Cette thèse discute de l’existence d’un axe microbiote-intestin-œil. Les études existantes suggèrent qu’un déséquilibre du microbiote intestinal jouerait un rôle dans la survenue et la progression de pathologies oculaires du bord palpébral, de la surface oculaire, de l’uvée et de la rétine. La dysbiose intestinale entrainerait une perturbation de la barrière intestinale et une augmentation de la perméabilité de cette dernière. La translocation des bactéries intestinales et de leurs métabolites pro-inflammatoires dans le système circulatoire et le système lymphatique déclencherait une cascade immunitaire se répercutant sur les tissus oculaires. Les modulations du système immunitaire intestinal entraineraient des atteintes au niveau des tissus oculaires via les tissus lymphatiques. La modulation du microbiote intestinal pourrait donc être une nouvelle cible dans la prise en charge globale des pathologies oculaires via l’utilisation de probiotiques.
- Published
- 2023
23. Dysregulation of RAGE receptor in Ocular Surface pathology
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Navel, Valentin, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne, Frédéric Chiambaretta, and Loïc Blanchon
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Ophthalmology ,Oeil sec ,Ophtalmologie ,Ocular surface ,Surface oculaire ,Dry eye disease ,[SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs ,Keratoconus ,Kératocone ,Rage ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) is a ubiquitous transmembrane receptor involved in several pro-inflammatory activation pathways. The transmembrane form (fl-RAGE) is described to induce the intracellular activation signal, and soluble forms (s-RAGE and es-RAGE) to act as decoys sequestering the ligands. The role of RAGE is well-known in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy, much less in pathologies of the ocular surface such as keratoconus (KC) and dry eye syndrome (DED). Historically defined as an ectatic and non-inflammatory corneal disease, KC seems to trigger or increase with the inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9) in the ocular surface. Moreover, in DED, an inflammatory vicious circle within the ocular surface is recognized as a central pathophysiological mechanism, with the instability of the tear film and its hyperosmolarity. In addition, like others barriers tissues, the ocular surface is daily exposed to oxidative stress (i.e. atmospheric pollution or ultraviolet radiation). It is well-known that the RAGE pathway is linked with the unbalance of the oxidative stress in tissues. Thus, in this work, we showed the overexpression of RAGE isoforms in the tissues and tears of subjects with KC compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, in systematic reviews applied to meta-analyses, we synthesized the existing literature to show that there was an imbalance of the oxidative stress in the tissues and tears of the ocular surface of patients with KC and DED. Finally, we developed an animal experimentation model (C57 Black 6 mouses) linked with a study carried out on a cell model (primary cells, corneal and conjunctival cell lines) in order to understand the involvement of RAGE in the physiopathology of dry eye syndrome.; Le Récepteur aux Produits Avancés de Glycation (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products, RAGE) est un récepteur transmembranaire, ubiquitaire, impliqué dans de nombreuses voies d'activation pro-inflammatoires. On lui décrit une forme transmembranaire (fl-RAGE) qui véhicule le signal d'activation intracellulaire, et des formes solubles (s-RAGE et es-RAGE) qui ont un rôle de leurres en séquestrant les ligands. Le rôle de RAGE est bien connu dans la physiopathologie de la rétinopathie diabétique, beaucoup moins dans des pathologies de la surface oculaire comme le kératocône (KC) et le syndrome sec oculaire (dry eye disease, DED). Longtemps défini comme une pathologie cornéenne ectasiante et non inflammatoire, le KC semble déclenché ou aggravé par des phénomènes inflammatoires au sein de la surface oculaire, comme l'atteste des travaux récents montrant une élévation des biomarqueurs de l'inflammation (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9). Par ailleurs, dans le DED, un cercle vicieux inflammatoire au sein de la surface oculaire est reconnu comme mécanisme physiopathologique centrale, avec l'instabilité du film lacrymal et son hyperosmolarité. De plus, en qualité de tissus barrières avec notre environnement, la surface oculaire est quotidiennement exposée au stress oxydatif lié à la pollution atmosphérique ou au rayonnement ultra-violet. Il existe un lien d'activation entre les acteurs de la voie RAGE et le déséquilibre de la balance oxydative dans les tissus. Par ce travail, nous avons montré la surexpression des isoformes de RAGE dans les tissus et larmes de sujets atteints de KC par rapport à des sujets sains. Par ailleurs, dans un cadre formel appliqué aux méta-analyses, nous avons synthétisé la littérature existante pour montrer qu'il existait un déséquilibre de la balance oxydative dans les tissus et larmes de la surface oculaire de patients atteints de KC et de DED. Forts de ces résultats, nous avons développé un modèle d'expérimentation animale (souris C57 Black 6) en parallèle d'une étude menée sur modèle cellulaire (cellules primaires et lignées cellulaires cornéennes et conjonctivales) afin de comprendre l'implication de RAGE dans la physiopathologie du syndrome sec oculaire, et notamment les mécanismes inflammatoires impliqués dans sa survenue et chronicisation.
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- 2023
24. ACTUALITÉS EN OPHTALMOLOGIE DES REPTILES.
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RIVAL, Franck
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Copyright of Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France is the property of Academie Veterinaire de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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25. Application of the concept of fast-track surgery in pediatric ophthalmic surgery.
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Shan TT, Zhao NC, and Zhou J
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- Humans, Female, Male, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Cohort Studies, Adolescent, Perioperative Nursing methods, Perioperative Nursing standards, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures methods, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures statistics & numerical data, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Pain, Postoperative epidemiology, Pain, Postoperative diagnosis, Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose: To explore the effects of the fast-track surgery (FTS) approach during the perioperative period of ophthalmic surgery in pediatric patients., Methods: A bidirectional cohort design was applied in this study. The traditional nursing mode was followed in relation to 40 pediatric patients admitted for ophthalmic surgery in March 2018 (control group), whereas the FTS mode was followed with regard to 40 pediatric patients admitted for ophthalmic surgery in April 2018 (observation group). The effects of the FTS mode were determined by comparing the postoperative pain score, restlessness score, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting between the two groups., Results: The pain and restlessness scores of the patients at 4hours after surgery in the observation group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the observation group was also slightly lower than that in the control group (P>0.05)., Conclusion: A perioperative FTS-based nursing mode can effectively alleviate the postoperative pain and restlessness of pediatric patients without increasing their stress response., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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26. Epidemiological features of ophthalmic emergencies during the COVID-19 lockdown: Impact of the health crisis in a tertiary care center.
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Ettayeb R, Couanon M, David C, Touze R, Bourges JL, Tuil E, Adam R, Nordmann JP, and Bennedjai A
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- Humans, Tertiary Care Centers, Emergencies, Retrospective Studies, Communicable Disease Control, COVID-19 epidemiology, Eye Diseases epidemiology, Eye Diseases therapy
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Purpose: The goal of this study is to examine changing patterns of ophthalmic visits in an emergency eye care unit of a tertiary referral center in Paris, France, during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to a control period., Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational, epidemiological study. We included all visits in the emergency eye care unit of the Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Center, Paris, France, from March 17, 2020 to April 30, 2020, and a corresponding time period in 2016. We analyzed patients' demographic factors, chief complaints, referral patterns, examination findings, treatment provided, hospitalizations and surgical interventions., Results: During the 6weeks of lockdown, 3547 emergency visits were recorded. The control group contained 2108 patients from June 6-19, 2016. There was a decrease of approximately 50% in the number of average daily visitations. The frequency of serious diagnoses (including severe eye inflammation, serious infections, retinal vascular pathologies, surgical emergencies, and neuro-ophthalmology), increased overall during the period (P=0.03). The proportion of low severity pathologies decreased (P<0.001) between the two periods. In addition, an increased amount of ancillary testing was performed (P<0.001). Finally, the rate of hospitalizations was significantly lower during the lockdown period (P<0.001)., Conclusion: A significant reduction in total ophthalmic presentations in the emergency eye care unit was observed during the lockdown period. However, the proportion of emergencies requiring specialized treatments (surgical, infectious, inflammatory and neuro-ophthalmological pathologies) increased., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
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- 2023
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27. Evaluating the potential of ChatGPT-4 in ophthalmology: The good, the bad and the ugly.
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Khanna RK, Ducloyer JB, Hage A, Rezkallah A, Durbant E, Bigoteau M, Mouchel R, Guillon-Rolf R, Le L, Tahiri R, Chammas J, and Baudouin C
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- Humans, Artificial Intelligence, Ophthalmology
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There is growing interest nowadays for artificial intelligence (AI) in all medical fields. Beyond the direct medical application of AI to medical data, generative AI such as "pre-trained transformer" (GPT) could significantly change the ophthalmology landscape, opening up new avenues for enhancing precision, productivity, and patient outcomes. At present, ChatGPT-4 has been investigated in various ways in ophthalmology for research, medical education, and support for clinical decisions purposes. This article intends to demonstrate the application of ChatGPT-4 within the field of ophthalmology by employing a 'mise en abime' approach. While we explore its potential to enhance the future of ophthalmology care, we will also carefully outline its current limitations and potential risks., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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28. Success of ChatGPT, an AI language model, in taking the French language version of the European Board of Ophthalmology examination: A novel approach to medical knowledge assessment.
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Panthier C and Gatinel D
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- Humans, Language, Artificial Intelligence, Ophthalmology
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT, a cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) language model developed by OpenAI, in successfully completing the French language version of the European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) examination and to assess its potential role in medical education and knowledge assessment., Methods: ChatGPT, based on the GPT-4 architecture, was exposed to a series of EBO examination questions in French, covering various aspects of ophthalmology. The AI's performance was evaluated by comparing its responses with the correct answers provided by ophthalmology experts. Additionally, the study assessed the time taken by ChatGPT to answer each question as a measure of efficiency., Results: ChatGPT achieved a 91% success rate on the EBO examination, demonstrating a high level of competency in ophthalmology knowledge and application. The AI provided correct answers across all question categories, indicating a strong understanding of basic sciences, clinical knowledge, and clinical management. The AI model also answered the questions rapidly, taking only a fraction of the time needed by human test-takers., Conclusion: ChatGPT's performance on the French language version of the EBO examination demonstrates its potential to be a valuable tool in medical education and knowledge assessment. Further research is needed to explore optimal ways to implement AI language models in medical education and to address the associated ethical and practical concerns., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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29. Les couleurs de la vue. Les propriétés thérapeutiques des couleurs dans l’ophtalmologie gréco-romaine
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Muriel Pardon-Labonnelie
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stamp ,medicine ,épigraphie ,collyrium ,veterinary medecine ,ophtalmologie ,ophthalmology ,chemical analyses ,colours ,cachet ,analyses chimiques ,médecine vétérinaire ,Classics ,couleurs ,médecine ,epigraphy ,collyre - Abstract
Le sens des noms de collyres gréco-romains est souvent déroutant. En effet, ces appellations sont généralement des néologismes connus par une unique occurrence manuscrite ou épigraphique. Néanmoins, plusieurs de ces noms ont indéniablement été choisis pour leur valeur publicitaire, comme « à l’ambroisie », « inimitable » ou « invincible ». Les noms de collyres évoquant des couleurs avaient-ils la même valeur ajoutée ? En vertu du principe d’analogie qui prévalait dans le raisonnement médical antique, le vert, le blanc et le jaune n’étaient-ils pas considérés comme les principes actifs de certains collyres antiques ? The meaning of the names of Greek-Roman collyria is often confusing. Indeed, these names are generally neologisms known to us through a single handwritten or epigraphic occurrence. However, there is no doubt that several of these names have been chosen for their for their commercial value, as “ambrosial”, “inimitable” or “invincible”. Did the names of collyria evoking colours have the same value? By virtue of the principle of analogy that prevailed in ancient medical reasoning, were not green, white and yellow considered to be the active ingredients of certain ancient collyria?
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- 2022
30. Secondary IOL selection and implantation from a posterior segment surgeon’s point of view: strategies for different scenarios
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Ophtalmologica Belgica 22, Ladha, Reza, Ophtalmologica Belgica 22, and Ladha, Reza
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Tips and tricks on how to manage a capsular rupture or a dislocated lens, perform an anterior vitrectomy and select the right secondary IOL to implant depending of the scenario., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
31. PortFolio des ophtalmologues
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Ophthalmologica Belgica Congress 22, Ladha, Reza, Ophthalmologica Belgica Congress 22, and Ladha, Reza
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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
32. Chirurgie vitréorétinienne robot-assistée :présent et perspectives futures
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Ophthalmologica Belgica Congress 22, Ladha, Reza, Ophthalmologica Belgica Congress 22, and Ladha, Reza
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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
33. Subretinal Therapy: Technological Solutions to Surgical and Immunological Challenges
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Ladha, Reza, Caspers, Laure, Willermain, Francois, de Smet, Marc D, Ladha, Reza, Caspers, Laure, Willermain, Francois, and de Smet, Marc D
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Recent advances in ocular gene and cellular therapy rely on precisely controlled subretinal delivery. Due to its inherent limitations, manual delivery can lead to iatrogenic damage to the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, favor reflux into the vitreous cavity. In addition, it suffers from lack of standardization, variability in delivery and the need to maintain proficiency. With or without surgical damage, an eye challenged with an exogenous viral vector or transplanted cells will illicit an immune response. Understanding how such a response manifests itself and to what extent immune privilege protects the eye from a reaction can help in anticipating short- and long-term consequences. Avoidance of spillover from areas of immune privilege to areas which either lack or have less protection should be part of any mitigation strategy. In that regard, robotic technology can provide reproducible, standardized delivery which is not dependent on speed of injection. The advantages of microprecision medical robotic technology for precise targeted deliveries are discussed.Keywords: cell therapy; gene therapy; immune response; ocular robotics; retina; subretinal delivery., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
34. A model system to define injection pressure and flow characteristics during subretinal drug delivery
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Ladha, Reza, Merveille, Benjamin, Wyns, Roland, Meenink, Thijs, Willermain, Francois, de Smet, Marc D, Ladha, Reza, Merveille, Benjamin, Wyns, Roland, Meenink, Thijs, Willermain, Francois, and de Smet, Marc D
- Abstract
Purpose :The risk of retinal, RPE damage and vitreous reflux increases with increased injection pressure during subretinal injections. Using a model chamber in which injection and chamber pressure can be modulated, this study aims to identify the optimal injection characteristics for subretinal drug delivery.Methods :A 38 G outer diameter subretinal injection cannula proximally attached to a MicroDose™ Injection device filled with colored water was inserted through a 23 G valved trocar into a 38 cm3 closed chamber with a defined inner pressure generated by an external compressor. The foot pedal-controlled viscous fluid injection (VFI) modes of two different vitrectomy systems (R-Evolution™ CR from BVI-Optikon and Stellaris Elite™ from Bausch and Lomb) were used to inject the solution with an injection pressure ranging from 1 to 50 psi with predefined chamber pressures of 10 ,20 and 30 mm Hg. Each injection was recorded using a video recording system. The following parameters were analyzed :pressure recording in the model, injection pressure, velocity of the injected solution, presence of an unintentional flow after release of the foot pedal.Results :The predefined pressure recorded inside the model was constant and unaffected by the different injections pressure levels chosen on the VFI. A minimal pressure of 6 psi was needed to generate a flow inside our model. From 6 to 9 psi, the velocity of the flow was categorized as slow. Higher than 10 psi, we observed a flow with high exit velocity (figure). In all cases, a persistent flow was observed after releasing the foot pedal in VFI mode. The quantity of fluid increased when increasing the level pressure of injection.Conclusions :Increased Injection pressure are associated with less controlled, high exit velocity flow characteristics. The model appears appropriate to study flow control and its possible role in RPE loss in the context of gene therapy, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
35. Natural history of Usher type 2 with the c.2299delG mutation of USH2A in a large cohort
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Meunier, Audrey, Zanlonghi, Xavier, Roux, Anne Françoise, Fils, Jean François, Caspers, Laure, Migeotte, Isabelle, Abramowicz, Marc, Meunier, Isabelle, Meunier, Audrey, Zanlonghi, Xavier, Roux, Anne Françoise, Fils, Jean François, Caspers, Laure, Migeotte, Isabelle, Abramowicz, Marc, and Meunier, Isabelle
- Abstract
Background: The c.2299delG mutation is prevalent and accounts for 24.5% USH2A pathogenic variants, with promising prospects for customized gene therapy. Materials and Methods: We compared the ocular and auditory phenotypes in a retrospective cohort of 169 Usher type 2 patients, with and without the c.2299delG allele, including visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, optical coherence tomography, kinetic perimetry, and audiometric assessment to define the hearing disability. Statistical methods used were covariate balancing propensity score and adjusted survival curves log-rank test for the analysis of visual acuity. Results: We compare 54 Usher patients (31%) carrying at least one c.2299delG allele to 109 patients without this variant. The mean ages at onset of night blindness (14 years) and onset of peripheral vision deficiency (24 years) were similar in both groups, as was the severity of hearing loss (p = 0.731), even in homozygotes (p = 0.136). Based on the covariate balancing propensity score, the c.2299delG carrier patients developed cataract and reached a BCVA of 20/63 earlier than patients without this mutation (mean age 36 versus 42 y.o. and 52.2 versus 55.1 y.o. respectively). Using adjusted survival curves and a log-rank test based on inverse probability weighting, patients with the c.2299delG variant reach blindness (BCVA <20/400) at 42.3 years old instead of 79.8 years for other USH2A pathogenic variants. Conclusions: We conclude that c.2299delG is associated with a more severe phenotype of the Usher type 2, in homozygotes and in compound heterozygotes., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
36. Effect of SCUBA Diving on Ophthalmic Parameters.
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Deleu, Laurent, Catherine, Janet, Postelmans, Laurence, Balestra, Costantino, Deleu, Laurent, Catherine, Janet, Postelmans, Laurence, and Balestra, Costantino
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Background and Objective: Several cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in divers have been reported in our medical retina center over the past few years. This study was designed to evaluate possible changes induced by SCUBA diving in ophthalmic parameters and especially subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), since the choroid seems to play a crucial role in physiopathology of CSC. Materials and Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP), SFCT, pachymetry, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured in 15 healthy volunteer divers before diving, 30 and 60 min after a standard deep dive of 25 m depth for 25 min in a dedicated diving pool (NEMO 33). Results: SFCT reduces significantly to 96.63 ± 13.89% of pre-dive values (p = 0.016) 30 min after diving. It recovers after 60 min reaching control values. IOP decreases to 88.05 ± 10.04% of pre-dive value at 30 min, then increases to 91.42 ± 10.35% of its pre-dive value (both p < 0.0001). Pachymetry shows a slight variation, but is significantly increased to 101.63 ± 1.01% (p = 0.0159) of the pre-dive value, and returns to control level after 60 min. FMD pre-dive was 107 ± 6.7% (p < 0.0001), but post-dive showed a diminished increase to 103 ± 6.5% (p = 0.0132). The pre-post difference was significant (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction leading to arterial stiffness after diving may explain the reduced SFCT observed, but SCUBA diving seems to have miscellaneous consequences on eye parameters. Despite this clear influence on SFCT, no clear relationship between CSC and SCUBA diving can be drawn., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
37. Développement et validation de sondes en fibre optique miniaturisées pour le guidage intra-opératoire d’interventions intraoculaires
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Abid, Alexandre and Boutopoulos, Christos
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surgical tools ,OCT ,matériel chirurgical ,robotic surgery ,ophtalmologie ,ophtalmology ,chirurgie robotique - Abstract
Les procédures chirurgicales intraoculaires sont des procédures difficiles par la précision qu’elles demandent, on parle de microchirurgie, mais aussi par la difficulté et la faible qualité de visualisation des tissus à traiter. En effet, dans la plupart des procédures intraoculaires le chirurgien utilise uniquement un microscope ophtalmologique qui ne permet la visualisation des tissus que par la pupille du patient et offre une perception limitée de la profondeur. La Tomographie en Cohérence Optique (OCT) fournit des images en profondeur des tissus sains de manière non invasive, elle est utilisée couramment en diagnostic ophtalmologique et est de plus en plus utilisée intra-opérativement. Dans cette thèse nous allons présenter deux systèmes OCT intra-opératifs qui visent à assister les chirurgiens sur deux procédures intraoculaires, la vitrectomie et l’injection sous-rétinienne. Pour ces deux projets nous avons utilisé le matériel chirurgical utilisé cliniquement pour plusieurs raisons : s’assurer d’utiliser des outils adéquats (dimensions, efficacité, sécurité) pour la procédure, garder des outils que les chirurgiens utilisent régulièrement et avec lesquels ils sont familiers et limiter les coûts de développement. Pour le système OCT nous avons utilisé des sondes OCT en fibre optique car elles sont flexibles, bon marché et de petit diamètre. Leur focalisation peut également être modifiée dépendamment de l’application avec une fibre optique GRIN à leur extrémité pour augmenter le signal OCT. Nous avons ainsi attaché à ces outils chirurgicaux des sondes OCT en fibre optique. Pour le projet portant sur les injections sous-rétiniennes il a fallu dans un premier temps développer des sondes OCT avec des diamètres plus petits que ceux existant. Pour ce faire nous avons développé une méthode permettant de réduire le diamètre des sondes avec de l’acide fluorhydrique et grâce à un design permettant de conserver les propriétés optiques des sondes. Ce travail est présenté dans le premier article. Le second article présente un système permettant de guider les injections sous-rétiniennes. L’injection sous-rétinienne est une intervention chirurgicale de haute précision visant à restaurer et/ou préserver la vision des patients souffrant de maladies rétiniennes. Néanmoins, l’injection sous-rétinienne reste à la limite des capacités physiologiques humaines en raison des tremblements de la main et peut être compromise par le reflux du médicament si l’injection n’est pas assez profonde dans la rétine. Nous avons développé un système pour guider l’injection avec un micromanipulateur et donner des informations précises sur la profondeur au chirurgien avec l’OCT intra-opératif. Après avoir miniaturisé une sonde OCT en fibre optique avec la méthode présentée dans l’article 1 nous avons pu l’insérer dans une canule utilisée cliniquement. La sonde couplée à un système OCT que nous avons développé acquiert un signal A-scan qui va permettre de connaitre la distance entre la canule et la rétine mais aussi de sélectionner la profondeur de l’injection dans les couches rétiniennes. La canule est attachée à un micromanipulateur qui assure son déplacement dans l’œil. Une image M-scan est construite avec le signal OCT et le chirurgien peut directement sélectionner sur l’image la profondeur de l’injection. Nous avons développé l’interface sur Labview. Après avoir sélectionné la cible de l’injection le programme de guidage va déplacer la canule et injecter le volume adéquat grâce à une pompe contrôlable. Nous avons validé notre système de guidage sur des yeux de porcs ex-vivo. Sur 40 injections 38 présentaient un décollement rétinien ciblé et localisé, preuve de la réussie de l’injection rétinienne ce qui représente un taux de succès de 95% (CI : 83.1 – 99.4). Nous avons aussi grâce à un algorithme de traitement de l’image calculé le volume présent sous la rétine après l’injection que nous avons comparé au volume injecté. Nous avons ainsi trouvé que 75% du volume initialement injecté se retrouve bien sous la rétine. Le troisième article présente un système permettant d’arrêter automatiquement le vitrecteur lors d’une vitrectomie pour réduire les dommages accidentels sur la rétine. La survenue de déchirures rétiniennes iatrogèniques dans la vitrectomie par la pars plane est une complication qui compromet l’efficacité globale de la chirurgie. Un certain nombre de déchirures rétiniennes iatrogènes se produisent lorsque la rétine est coupée accidentellement par le vitrecteur. Nous avons développé un vitrecteur intelligent capable de détecter en temps réel une coupure rétinienne accidentelle et de désactiver rapidement la machine de vitrectomie pour les prévenir. Ce vitrecteur intelligent est composé d’une sonde OCT attachée au vitrecteur et va avoir comme rôle de détecter si le vitrecteur aspire la rétine et va endommager ces tissus sains. La sonde OCT agit comme un détecteur de présence devant l’ouverture du vitrecteur, ceci en comparant un signal de référence avec le signal en direct. Cette comparaison de signal OCT va commander un bras robotique pour actionner la pédale d’arrêt du vitrecteur. Ainsi le chirurgien n’a pas besoin d’interpréter un signal, la décision d’arrêt du vitrecteur dû à la présence de la rétine est prise automatiquement. Ceci va permettre de réduire grandement, de 300 ms à 29 ms, le délai de la prise de décision d’arrêt du vitrecteur précédemment limité par le temps de réaction du chirurgien. Nous avons développé les sondes OCT, le système OCT ainsi que l’algorithme d’arrêt automatique de ce système. Nous avons validé sur des yeux porcins in-vivo, deux chirurgiens ont utilisé notre système en essayant d’endommager les tissus rétiniens. 70% (CI : 56.39 – 82.02) des tentatives de dommages rétiniens des chirurgiens furent atténuées ou empêchées par notre système. Ce projet a abouti au dépôt d’un brevet ("Smart Vitrector", Provisional patent application, US 63109040)., Intraocular surgical procedures are difficult procedures because of the precision they require, they are often referred as microsurgery, but also by the little information available to the surgeon. In most intraocular procedures the surgeon only uses an ophthalmic microscope which allows visualization of tissue just through the patient’s pupil and offers limited depth perception. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides in-depth images of healthy tissue in a non-invasive manner, is commonly used in ophthalmologic diagnostics, and is increasingly used intraoperatively. In this thesis we will present two intraoperative OCT systems that aim to assist surgeons with two intraocular procedures, vitrectomy and subretinal injection. For these two projects we used the surgical equipment used clinically for several reasons : to make sure to use adequate tools (dimensions, efficiency, safety) for the procedure, to keep tools that surgeons use regularly and with which they are familiar and limit development costs. For the OCT system we used fiber optic OCT probes as they are flexible, cheap and small in diameter. Their focus can also be modified, depending the application, with a GRIN fiber at their tip to increase the OCT signal. We have attached optical fiber OCT probes to these surgical tools. For the subretinal injections project it was first necessary to develop OCT probes with smaller diameters than existing ones. To do this, we have developed a method to reduce the diameter of the probes with hydrofluoric acid and a design to maintain the optical properties of the probes. This work is presented in the first article. The second article presents a system for guiding subretinal injections. Subretinal injection of drugs is a challenging surgical intervention aiming to restore and/or preserve the vision of patients suffering from retinal diseases. Nevertheless, the subretinal injection remains at the edge of human physiological capacity because of hand tremor and can be mitigated by drug reflux if the injection is not deep enough in the retina. We developed a system to guide the injection with a micromanipulator and give precise depth information to the surgeon with intraoperative OCT. To do so we first miniaturized an optical fiber OCT probe with the method presented in article 1, we were able to insert it into a cannula used clinically. The probe coupled to an OCT system that we have developed acquires an A-scan signal which enables to know the distance between the cannula and the retina but also to select the depth of the injection into the retinal layers. The cannula is attached to a micromanipulator that moves it inside the eye. An M-scan image is built with the OCT signal and the surgeon can directly select on the image the depth of the injection. We developed the interface on Labview. After selecting the injection target, the guidance program will move the cannula and inject the appropriate volume using a controllable pump.We have validated our guidance system on pig eyes ex-vivo. Out of 40 injections, 38 presented a retinal detachment, proof of a successful retinal injection, which represents a success rate of 95% (CI : 83.1 – 99.4). Thanks to an image processing algorithm, we also calculated the bleb volume under the retina after the injection, which we compared to the initial injected volume. We have found that 75% of the injected volume ends in the subretinal space. The third article presents for automatically stopping the vitrector during a vitrectomy. The occurrence of iatrogenic retinal breaks in pars plana vitrectomy is a complication that compromises the overall efficacy of the surgery. A subset of iatrogenic retinal break occurs when the retina is cut accidentally by the vitrector. We developed a smart vitrector that can detect in real-time potential accidental retinal cut and activate promptly a vitrectomy machine to prevent them. To do so an OCT probe is attached to the vitrector and will have the role of detecting if the vitrector sucks the retina and will damage these healthy tissues. The OCT probe acts as a presence detector in front of the vitrector opening, by comparing a reference signal with the live signal. This OCT signal comparison will control a robotic arm to operate the vitrector stop pedal. Thus, the surgeon does not need to interpret a signal, the decision to stop the vitrector due to the presence of the retina is taken automatically. This will greatly reduce, from 300 ms to 29 ms, the delay to stop the vitrector previously limited by the reaction time of the surgeon. We have developed the OCT probes, the OCT system, and the automatic shutdown algorithm for this system. We validated our system on in-vivo porcine eyes, two surgeons used the modified vitrector trying to damage retinal tissue. 70% (CI : 56.39 – 82.02) of surgeons’ retinal damage attempts were mitigated or prevented by our system. This project resulted in a patent ("Smart Vitrector", Provisional patent application, US 63109040).
- Published
- 2022
38. Étude rétrospective de 53 cas d'ulcères cornéens à collagénases chez le chien à partir des cas pris en charge à l'EnvA entre 2017 et 2020
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Miltchaliev, Caroline, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Faculté de médecine (UPEC Médecine), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Sabine Chahory
- Subjects
Keratisis ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,Bacteria ,Ophtalmologie ,Bactérie ,Chien ,Cornea ,Médecine vétérinaire ,Cornée ,Ophthalmology ,Eye disease ,CHUVA ,Kératite ,Dog ,Ulcère cornéen ,Corneal ulcer - Abstract
Cornea is the front layer of the fibrous tunic of the eye. Corneal ulcers are a defect in the cornea that involves the epithelium, and more or less the underlying stroma and is one of the most common corneal diseases in dogs. Melting corneal ulcers are a complicated class of corneal ulcers that can lead to a rapid dissolution of the stroma in a process called keratomalacia. This class of ulcers is the result of an imbalance between the activity of endogenous and/or exogenous proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors. A bacterial or fungal infection is often underlying the disease. The bacteria involved vary between dogs and geographic locations. These ulcers can quickly worsen and perforate the cornea. Therefore, they are therapeutic emergencies. If the damage is not too severe, medical treatment may be considered first. It must be intensive, combining topical and systemic routes, and its pillars must be antibiotic therapy and topical anti-collagenase molecules. As bacterial antibiotic resistance keeps increasing, antibiotic therapy should be guided by a culture and an antibiogram. In addition, corneal collagen cross-linking seems to be a promising future technique to improve the success rate of medical treatment. However, if corneal damage is too severe at the time of admission of the dog or if it progresses unfavourably despite the treatment, surgical management may be necessary via conjunctival, biomaterial or corneal grafting and sometimes enucleation. The identification of the bacteria involved in the development of these ulcers and their possible resistance to antibiotics is therefore a major issue in the success of medical treatment. This retrospective study, carried out on 53 corneal ulcers in dogs, aimed to identify these bacteria and to search for possible risk factors for the failure of medical treatment. Most of the ulcers in the study were associated with bacterial infection (32 cases out of 53). No association was found between canine breeds and the presence of bacterial infection of the ulcer. Staphyloccoccus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most frequently isolated bacteria and these had varying degrees of resistance to antibiotics. The severity grade of ulcers was higher in infections involving several different strains and the severity grade of ulcers associated with P. aeruginosa appeared to be higher than that of ulcers associated with staphylococci or streptococci. Most ulcers in the study were managed immediately by surgery because of the severity of the lesions on admission (29 cases out of 53). Almost half of ulcers treated with medical treatment has finally healed (11 cases out of 24). Two factors were associated with failure of medical treatment: recent general anaesthesia and the presence of a simple bacterial infection. Although no association was found between the nature of the different components of medical treatment and its success, it appears that the administration of N-acetylcysteine and a change in topical antibiotic therapy to chloramphenicol are associated with better outcomes.; La cornée constitue la partie antérieure de la tunique fibreuse de l'oeil. Les ulcères cornéens correspondent à une perte plus ou moins profonde de substance cornéenne et sont une des atteintes cornéennes les plus fréquentes chez le chien. Les ulcères cornéens à collagénases sont une forme compliquée d'ulcères cornéens caractérisée par une dissolution rapide du stroma au cours d'un processus nommé kératomalacie. Ce dernier se développe lors d'un déséquilibre entre l'activité d'enzymes protéolytiques endogènes et/ou exogènes et celle de leurs inhibiteurs. Une infection bactérienne ou mycosique est souvent sous-jacente. Les bactéries impliquées varient selon les individus et les localisations géographiques. Ces ulcères peuvent très vite s'aggraver et se perforer. Par conséquent, ce sont des urgences thérapeutiques. Une prise en charge médicale peut d'abord être envisagée si la lésion n'est pas trop sévère. Dans ce cas, le traitement est intensif, il associe les voies topique et systémique, et ses piliers sont l'antibiothérapie et les molécules anticollagénases par voie topique. En raison du développement croissant de résistances bactériennes aux antibiotiques, l'antibiothérapie doit être guidée par une mise en culture et la réalisation d'un antibiogramme. Par ailleurs, le cross-linking du collagène cornéen semble être une technique d'avenir prometteuse pour améliorer le taux de succès du traitement médical. Néanmoins, si l'atteinte cornéenne est très profonde au moment de l'admission du chien ou si la lésion évolue défavorablement en dépit du traitement, une prise en charge chirurgicale est nécessaire via une greffe conjonctivale, de biomatériau ou de cornée et parfois une énucléation. L'identification des bactéries et de leurs éventuelles résistances aux antibiotiques est donc un enjeu majeur dans le succès du traitement médical. Cette étude rétrospective, réalisée sur 53 ulcères cornéens chez le chien, visait à identifier ces bactéries et d'éventuels facteurs de risque à l'échec du traitement médical. La plupart des ulcères de l'étude étaient associés à une infection bactérienne (32 cas sur 53). Aucune association n'a été trouvée entre la race du chien et la présence d'une infection. Staphyloccoccus sp., Streptococcus sp. et Pseudomonas sp. étaient les bactéries le plus fréquemment isolées et celles-ci présentaient des résistances variées aux antibiotiques. Le grade de sévérité des ulcères était plus élevé lors d'infection impliquant des souches différentes et le grade de sévérité des ulcères associés à P. aeruginosa semblait supérieur à celui des ulcères associés à des staphylocoques ou des streptocoques. La majorité des ulcères de l'étude a fait l'objet d'une prise en charge chirurgicale immédiate en raison de la sévérité des lésions à l‘admission (29 cas sur 53). Presque la moitié des ulcères pris en charge via un traitement médical a cicatrisé (11 cas sur 24). Deux facteurs étaient associés à un échec du traitement médical : une anesthésie générale récente et une seule bactérie isolée en culture. Bien qu'aucune association n'ait été mise en évidence entre la nature des composantes du traitement médical et son succès, il semble que l'administration de N-acétylcystéine et qu'un changement d'antibiothérapie topique avec ajout du chloramphénicol soient associées à de meilleurs résultats.
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- 2022
39. How Big Data Informs Us About the Population Health Status : endophthalmitis after ophthalmologic procedures
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Baudin, Florian and STAR, ABES
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Database ,French National Health Insurance ,Big Data ,Ophthalmology ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Ophtalmologie ,Base de donnée ,Sniiram - Abstract
The use of Big Data, in the form of almost exhaustive French medico-administrative databases, has made it possible to address several issues without which this would not have been possible. First, to define the incidence of endophthalmitis after ophthalmologic procedures without bias on specific recruitment modalities of respondents (tertiary centers, questionnaires ...). Thus, local observations of a change in prevalence trends of causative procedures were confirmed at the national level. The reliable description of the incidence of endophthalmitis will then make it possible to identify critical situations of recrudescence of cases. The knowledge of the delay of occurrence after the procedure will allow to adapt the postoperative consultations or information taking in order to alert as soon as possible in case of signs suggestive of an endophthalmitis. Secondly, the existence of an excess risk in the case of IVT of non-prefilled anti-VEGF would not have been possible without the observation of a large number of endophthalmitis, which had not yet been done. The significant reduction of almost 50% in the risk of endophthalmitis with serious consequences with prefilled syringes is to the benefit of the patient. In addition, this study confirms the significant excess risk after corticosteroid injections, requiring particular vigilance and selection of patients treated. Similarly, a discussion with the patient at increased risk of infection requiring corticosteroid treatment could be initiated. Finally, in order to avoid the statistical uncertainty related to the multiple associations of antibiotic prophylaxis after IVT, a national cohort over 10 years, studying more than 5 million IVTs, was necessary. The results show that antibiotic prophylaxis does not reduce the risk of endophthalmitis after IVT and would even increase the risk of endophthalmitis if an antibiotic-corticoid combination is prescribed, which should be avoided., L'utilisation des Big Data, sous la forme des bases médico-administratives françaises quasi exhaustives, a permis de répondre à plusieurs problématiques sans lesquelles cela n'aurait été possible. Tout d'abord, de définir l'incidence des endophtalmies après procédures ophtalmologiques sans biais sur des modalités de recrutement spécifiques des répondants (centres tertiaires, questionnaires …). Ainsi, les observations locales d'une modification des tendances de prévalence des procédures causales ont été confirmées au niveau national. La description fiable de l'incidence des endophtalmies permettra alors d'identifier des situations critiques de recrudescence de cas. La connaissance du délai de survenue après la procédure permettra d'adapter les consultations, ou prises d'informations, postopératoires afin d'alerter au plus vite en cas de signes évocateurs d'une endophtalmie. Ensuite, l'existence d'un sur risque en cas d'IVT d'anti-VEGF non prérempli n'aurait pas été possible autrement qu'à partir de l'observation d'un nombre important d'endophtalmies, ce qui n'avait encore pas été réalisé. La réduction importante, de quasiment 50%, du risque d'endophtalmie aux conséquences lourdes avec les seringues préremplies est tout au bénéfice du patient. Par ailleurs, cette étude confirme le sur risque important après injections de corticoïdes nécessitant une vigilance particulière et une sélection des patients traités. De même, une discussion avec le patient à risque infectieux augmenté nécessitant un traitement par corticoïdes pourra être engagée. Enfin, pour s'affranchir de l'incertitude statistique liée aux multiples associations d'antibioprophylaxies après IVT, une cohorte nationale sur 10 ans, étudiant plus de 5 millions d'IVT était nécessaire. Il en ressort que l'antibioprophylaxie ne baisse pas le risque d'endophtalmie après IVT et augmenterait même le risque d'endophtalmie en cas de prescription d'une association antibiotique-corticoïde, qui est à proscrire.
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- 2022
40. Deux jeux, un astre, les yeux : sur un plateau de senet biface inéditلعبتان وجَرمٌ سماويّ وعيون: على رقعة ذات وجهين لا سابق لها من لعبة 'سنت'
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Marie-Lys Arnette
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Archeology ,History ,Roman Period ,علم الفلك ,ophtalmologie ,époque romaine ,ألعاب ,Osiris ,lune ,moon ,senet ,Busiris ,Ptolemaic Period ,أوزير ,سنت ,astronomie ,القمر ,games ,jeux ,أبو صير بنا ,طب العيون ,astronomy ,العصر البطلمي ,époque ptolémaïque ,ophtalmology ,العصر الروماني ,العرّافون ,oracles - Abstract
Le présent article est la publication d’un plateau de senet fragmentaire, probablement couplé avec un jeu de 33 cases, conservé à l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao). L’objet est exceptionnel par bien des aspects : les inscriptions qui le lient à Osiris et à la lune, sa date très tardive, puisqu’un certain nombre d’indices permettent de le situer au début de l’époque ptolémaïque, et sa réutilisation probable à l’époque romaine comme palette à broyer les collyres. L’article réévalue le rôle habituellement attribué au senet dans la sphère funéraire et propose une synthèse de l’évolution du jeu au cours du Ier millénaire, lorsqu’il semble davantage lié aux pratiques astronomiques, au comput du temps et à la médecine. This article is the publication of a fragmentary senet board, probably coupled with a game of 33 squares, kept at the Institut français d’archéologie orientale (French Institute of Oriental Archaeology) in Cairo. The object is exceptional in many respects: the inscriptions linking it to Osiris and the moon, its very late date (since a number of clues place it at the beginning of the Ptolemaic period) and its probable reuse in Roman times as a palette for grinding medications for the eyes. The article re-evaluates the role usually attributed to senet in the funerary sphere and proposes a synthesis of the evolution of the game during the first millennium, when it seems more related to astronomical practices, calculating time and medicine. هذا المقال عبارة عن نشر لكسرات من رقعة "سنت" مقرونة بلعبة مُكوّنة من 33 مربعًا، محفوظة في "المعهد الفرنسي للآثار الشرقية" في القاهرة (الإيفاو). القطعة تُعدّ استثنائية من عدّة جوانب، من جهة النقوش التي تربطها بأوزير وبالقمر، ومن جهة تاريخها المتأخر للغاية - فثمة قرائن عديدة تسمح بنسبتها لبداية العصر البطلمي، وكذلك احتمال إعادة استخدامها في العصر الروماني كلوح لطحن أدوية علاج العين. يعيد هذا المقال تقييم الدور المُسند عادةً إلى "سنت" في المجال الجنائزي، ويقترح مجموعة من الافتراضات تتعلق بتطور اللعبة خلال الألفية الأولى، عندما كانت على ما يبدو مرتبطة بصورة أكبر بالأنشطة الفلكيّة وحساب الزمن.
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- 2021
41. XEN® Gel Stent : évaluation et évolution de nos pratiques
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Sornay, Caroline, Université Côte d'Azur - Faculté de Médecine (UCA Faculté Médecine), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Jacques Payan
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Ophtalmologie ,XEN® Gel Stent ,Glaucome ,Minimaly Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
Introduction : le but de cette étude était d’évaluer la pression intra-oculaire (PIO) à 3 et 6 mois après pose de XEN® Gel Stent, ainsi que la diminution du nombre de traitements hypotonisants nécessaires, les complications, et d’évaluer l’impact de l’évolution de nos pratiques sur ces résultats.Matériels et méthodes : notre étude était rétrospective, multicentrique, réalisée dans les services d’ophtalmologie du CHU Pasteur 2 de Nice et de l’hôpital Simone Veil de Cannes de juin 2018 à avril 2021. Les patients présentaient un glaucome évolutif malgré un traitement maximal. Les examens gonioscopiques, à la lampe à fente, les PIO, les traitements, les complications et les reprises chirurgicales ont été recueillies et analysées.Résultats : notre étude comportait 82 yeux de 70 patients traités pour glaucome évolutif par pose de XEN® Gel Stent. La PIO moyenne après chirurgie était de 13,6 ± 3,7 mmHg à 3 mois et de 13,5 ± 4 mmHg à 6 mois, avec une baisse du nombre de traitement hypotonisant nécessaire. Le taux de needling était de 16% et le taux de reprise chirurgicale (trabéculectomie, cycloaffaiblissement des corps ciliaires, pose d’un autre XEN®, extériorisation du XEN®) de 19%. La pose de XEN®Gel Stent ab externo et ab interno avec needling au crochet micromanipulateur mousse ont conduit à des résultats intéressants, soulignant l’importance de l’expérience chirurgicale et des modifications de la technique chirurgicale qu’elle engendre. La présence d’un tyndall hématique ou hyphéma dans les suites opératoires a augmenté par 3 le risque de needling (p=0.163) et par 6 le risque de reprise chirurgicale(p=0.016).Conclusion : XEN® Gel Stent est efficace sur la réduction pressionnelle chez les patients glaucomateux à M3 et M6 post chirurgie, avec un taux de complications acceptable. Toutefois, comme toute chirurgie filtrante, le suivi post opératoire est essentiel.
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- 2021
42. YouTube videos related to diabetic retinopathy: Are they good enough?
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AlBloushi AF and Abouammoh MA
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- Humans, United States, Video Recording, Social Media, Retinal Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus
- Abstract
Background: YouTube has remained the most commonly used online platform and is increasingly used for health education. Although videos related to diabetic retinopathy on YouTube are abundant, there is still a paucity of research regarding the detailed analysis of their quality and content., Purpose: This study aims to assess the content, sources, and overall usefulness of information published on the YouTube platform regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR)., Methods: The YouTube website was systematically searched using the keyword "diabetic retinopathy" between August 14 and September 29, 2021., Results: A total of 465 videos related to DR were included in our analysis. Of these videos, 215 (46.4%) videos were released from the United States. The highest number of videos were uploaded by medical websites (32.9%), followed by hospitals/medical centers (23%). Educational videos on DR including basic information, complications, treatment, staging and retinal photographs were the most frequent category. Videos containing basic information, complications and videos with animation on DR received the highest numbers of views (2,768,062, 2,361,999, and 1,946,586, respectively). Videos uploaded by hospitals/medical centers received a high mean number of views, likes, and dislikes. Overall, 72.5% of videos on DR published on YouTube were considered largely useful., Conclusions: Videos published by medical websites, hospitals/medical centers and those pertaining to basic information, complications, and animation on DR were the most attractive. Hence, these types of videos can be targeted to increase awareness about DR., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Stries angioides et pseudoxanthome élastique
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Siham Chariba and Rajae Daoudi
- Subjects
stries angioïdes ,pseudoxanthome élastique ,ophtalmologie ,Medicine - Abstract
Il s'agit d'un patient âgé de 30 ans ayant un pseudoxanthome élastique, chez qui l'examen ophtalmologique de routine a retrouvé une acuité visuelle à 10/10ème avec au fond d'�il des lignes radiaires sombres partant de la papille aux deux yeux. A l'angiographie à la fluorescéine ces lignes sont hyper fluorescentes de manière inhomogène. L'association avec le pseudoxanthome élastique nous confirme qu'il s'agit de stries angioïdes. Cet aspect de stries angioïdes peu être pris a tord pour des vaisseaux choroïdiens ou rétiniens mais l'examen du fond d'�il et l'angiographie permettent de les distinguer. Cet aspect peut également prêter à confusion avec les stries monoliformes de Siegrist au cours de la choroïdopathie hypertensive ou encore à des ruptures traumatiques de la membrane de Bruch qui surviennent dans un contexte de contusion oculaire.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Defining appropriate parameters for robotic subretinal drug delivery ensures minimal reflux
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Euretina Meeting 2021 (September 2021: Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Ladha, Reza, Smit, Jorrit, Cerfonteijn, Esmée, Meenink, Thijs, de Smet, Marc D, Euretina Meeting 2021 (September 2021: Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Ladha, Reza, Smit, Jorrit, Cerfonteijn, Esmée, Meenink, Thijs, and de Smet, Marc D
- Abstract
Purpose: Vitreous reflux during subretinal injection limits the degree and surface area transfected and is wasteful of a precious product. The precision and stability offered by the Preceyes platform allows for an optimized, time-independent delivery. The purpose of this study is to identify parameters important to insure reflux-free robotic subretinal drug delivery.Setting/Venue: Comparative trial in an ex vivo animal modelMethods: Freshly harvested porcine eyes underwent a standard pars plana vitrectomy with IOP control under microscopic visualization through a Rescan 700 Zeiss device; followed by subretinal injection using a 41G Teflon needle, with the Preceyes Surgical System (PSS). The following subretinal injection cannula parameters were analyzed: speed of injection, tip configuration, and positioningResults: Following multiple injections, positioning of the tip above the RPE without penetration through Bruch’s membrane was possible in all cases by using a stepwise penetration algorithm irrespective of the angle of approach. Blunt needles did not penetrate as well as needle tips with polished edges. Small robotically controlled rotations and wiggling of the injection cannula did not result in a cleaner penetration or less reflux. Sufficient delay is required between the completion of the injection and retraction of the needle to prevent reflux.Conclusions: Robotics allows for a better understanding of the injection process and a determination of critical parameters and steps. Several parameters appear critical to an efficient reflux-freeinjection.Theme: New Drug Treatment and Technology, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2021
45. Advantages of robotic assistance over a manual approach in simulated subretinal injections and its relevance for gene therapy.
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Ladha, Reza, Meenink, Thijs, Smit, Jorrit, de Smet, Marc D, Ladha, Reza, Meenink, Thijs, Smit, Jorrit, and de Smet, Marc D
- Abstract
Subretinal injection is a method for gene delivery to treat genetic diseases of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. A reflux-free subretinal injection is important to allow effective, safe, and cost-effective gene therapy to the retina. We report on a comparison between manual and robotic assistance in simulated subretinal injections using an artificial retina model. Nine surgeons carried out the procedure with and without the Preceyes Surgical System, using an OPMI Lumera 700 Zeiss surgical microscope equipped with intra-operative optical coherence tomography. Success in creating a bleb without reflux, injection duration, drift, tremor, and increase in the diameter of the puncture hole were analyzed. Robotic assistance improved drift (median 16 vs 212 µm), tremor (median 1 vs 18 µm), enlargement of the retinal hole, and allowed for prolonged injection times (median 52 vs 29 sec). Robotic assistance allowed higher rate of bleb formation (8/9 vs 4/9 attempts) with a moderate reduction in reflux (7/9 vs 8/9 attempts) in this artificial model. Robotic assistance can significantly contribute to subretinal injections and provide quantifiable parameters in assessing surgical and clinical success of novel retinal gene therapies., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
46. Présentation particulière d'un ostéome choroïdien bilatéral chez un enfant
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Efendic, Azra, Postolache, Lavinia, Postelmans, Laurence, Efendic, Azra, Postolache, Lavinia, and Postelmans, Laurence
- Abstract
Report of a presentation of bilateral choroidal osteoma without neovascularization in a child following a school screening. Diagnosis was based on funduscopy, optical coherence tomography and B-scan ultrasonography. The child was followed regularly with cycloplegic refraction, funduscopy, macular SD-OCT and EDI-SD-OCT. Fluorescein angiography and OCT-angiography will be performed if necessary. Purpose: To report a peculiar presentation of bilateral choroidal osteoma in a very young child. Methods: Case report. Results: During a school screening, a 4-year-old girl was detected with anisometropia as the first sign of a bilateral choroidal osteoma. The diagnosis was based on funduscopy, optical coherence tomography and B-scan ultrasonography. Conclusion: Choroidal osteomas are rare benign tumors that can lead to severe visual loss due to progression or complications. They are found mostly in young adults, but in our case, the refractive screening allowed an early diagnosis despite the lack of visual symptoms., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
47. Le chirurgien obstiné, la Haute Autorité de Santé et le droit pénal
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Mistretta, Patrick, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon, Centre de droit pénal (CDP), Equipe de recherche Louis Josserand, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and collaboration or project value
- Subjects
[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Ophtalmologie ,Haute Autorité de Santé ,Médecine ,Acte chirurgical soumis à autorisation - Abstract
International audience; (Crim. 16 févr. 2021, n° 19-87.982, D. 2021. 353 ; RDSS 2021. 365, obs. P. Curier-Roche)
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- 2021
48. Optique adaptative - Principe et applications
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Michau, Vincent, Petit, Cyril, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], and ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Microscopy ,Optical communications ,Ophtalmologie ,Astronomy ,Atmospheric turbulence ,Laser ,Turbulence atmosphérique ,Analyse de surface d'onde ,Communication optique ,Astronomie ,Ophthalmology ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Wavefront sensor ,Microscope ,Optique adaptative ,Deformable mirror ,Adaptive optics ,Miroir déformable - Abstract
International audience; Adaptive optics is a technique that is becoming increasingly popular in a variety of fields. Initially developed to correct the effects of atmospheric turbulence, it is today applied to biomedical imaging as well as to large laser chains. This article presents its principle, the techniques and components on which it is based, and gives some rules to implement them. Finally, it introduces the main challenges that are opening up over the years to lift the locks that still limit its use.; L’optique adaptative est une technique qui s’impose dans des domaines de plus en plus variés. Développée initialement pour corriger les effets de la turbulence atmosphérique, elle est aujourd’hui appliquée à l’imagerie biomédicale comme aux grandes chaînes laser. Cet article en présente son principe, les techniques et composants sur lesquels elle s’appuie et donne quelques règles pour les mettre en œuvre. Enfin, il introduit les principaux défis qui s’ouvrent dans les années à venir pour lever les verrous qui limitent encore son utilisation.
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- 2021
49. L’intelligence artificielle en ophtalmologie
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Moutei, Hassan, Bennis, Ahmed, Chraibi, Fouad, Abdellaoui, Meriem, and Benatiya, Idriss
- Subjects
Intelligence artificielle ,ophtalmologie ,logiciels - Abstract
Bien que l'IA ait une large application dans de nombreux domaines médicaux. L’ophtalmologie est la spécialité médicale qui utilise d’avantage l’intelligence artificielle, elle continue d’être une pionnière dans l’utilisation de cette intelligence pour détecter, diagnostiquer et traiter différentes pathologies oculaires telles que le glaucome, la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge et la rétinopathie diabétique, ce qui peut faciliter au patient l’accès aux soins et potentiellement soulager les problèmes du système de santé. Il est important que les médecins de premier recours se familiarisent avec les futures avancées de l'IA et le nouveau territoire inconnu vers lequel le monde de la médecine se dirige. L'objectif devrait être de trouver un équilibre bénéfique entre l'utilisation efficace de l'IA et le jugement humains des médecins de soins primaires. Elle ne doit pas être considérée comme une baguette magique pour tout et poussant nos propres compétences cliniques à l'arrière-plan, conduisant à l'atrophie de nos compétences., Journal de la Société Marocaine d’Ophtalmologie, Vol. 30, No 2 (2021)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. [Influence of the COVID-19 pandemia on the ophthalmologic emergency department in the Toulouse University Hospital during the first lockdown from March the 17th to May the 10th of 2020].
- Author
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Bruzard H, Soler P, Varenne F, Sentis V, Fournié P, and Soler V
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics, Communicable Disease Control, Emergency Service, Hospital, Retrospective Studies, Hospitals, University, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: We conducted this study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in France from March 17, 2020 to May 10, 2020, on the ophthalmic emergency department at Toulouse University Hospital, compared to the period from March 2 to March 16, 2020., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, conducted in the ophthalmic emergency department of Toulouse University Hospital. We included the patients presenting to the emergency department from March 2 to May 10, 2020. We recorded age, sex, day of visit, time until care was received, past ocular history, outpatient or inpatient status, final diagnosis and its severity, outpatient or inpatient disposition, and medical or surgical treatment after the emergency department visit., Results: We found a substantial decrease in the number of patients per day, mostly during the first month of the lockdown: 44 patients per day before the lockdown compared to 23 patients per day during the first month, followed by 38 patients per day for the second month of lockdown; more patients visiting promptly; and elderly patients represented a higher proportion of patients., Conclusion: The first lockdown in France due to the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the Toulouse ophthalmic emergency department, especially concerning the number of patients per day; this study helps to assess individual behavior in this context of a public health crisis., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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