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Wasps of the ichneumonid subfamily Ophioninae are mostly large, nocturnal, larval-pupal endoparasitoids of primarily Lepidoptera, with high abundance and diversity, especially in the tropics. Recent genetic studies revealed that this subfamily’s level of diversity is far higher than previously thought. Though they are found worldwide, the biodiversity of this subfamily is not known in non tropical hotspots like California. First, I examined the unrecognized diversity of Ophionines in coastal southern California using a combination of the morphological, geographic, and temporal characteristics of specimens. Second. I added those taxa to a reassessment of the tribes in this subfamily. My findings indicate that the levels of diversity of the Californian Ophionine wasps are far higher than currently realized, with approximately 19 putative new species for the state, exhibiting homoplasy and endemism that calls the Ophioninae tribal designations into question.

This paper presents the descriptions of four new species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 and ten species of Ophion Fabricius, 1798: Enicospilus (Allocamptus) izquierdoae sp. nov., E. borderai sp. nov., E. erebus sp. nov., Ophion albanicus sp. nov., O. anatolicus sp. nov., O. canariensis sp. nov., O. castilloae sp. nov., O. cypriotus sp. nov., O. incarinatus sp. nov., O. trochantellatus sp. nov., O. mediterraneus sp. nov., O. pusillus sp. nov., O. rugipleuris sp. nov. and Ophion ziczac sp. nov. Additionally, a new genus Nyxia gen. nov. and its only known species Nyxia shawi sp. nov. is decribed from Portugal. Enicospilus arcuatus (Brullé, 1846) syn. nov. and Enicospilus hannibalis (Kohl, 1905) syn. nov. are junior synonyms of Enicospilus inflexus (Ratzeburg, 1844). Enicospilus ramidulops Scaramozzino, 1986 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Enicospilus bimaculator Aubert, 1979. The mainly Afrotropical species Enicospilus antefurcalis (Szépligeti, 1908) is a new record for the Palaearctic realm. A short discussion on the presumed diversity of Western Palaearctic Ophioninae is given.

The predominantly tropical ophionine genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 is one of the largest genera of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), with more than 700 extant species worldwide that are usually crepuscular or nocturnal and are parasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae. In the present study, the Japanese species of Enicospilus are revised using an integrative approach (combined morphology and DNA barcoding). On the basis of 3,110 specimens, 47 Enicospilus species are recognised in Japan, eight of which are new species (E. acutus Shimizu, sp. nov., E. kunigamiensis Shimizu, sp. nov., E. limnophilus Shimizu, sp. nov., E. matsumurai Shimizu, sp. nov., E. pseudopuncticulatus Shimizu, sp. nov., E. sharkeyi Shimizu, sp. nov., E. takakuwai Shimizu, sp. nov., and E. unctus Shimizu, sp. nov.), seven are new records from Japan (E. jilinensis Tang, 1990, E. laqueatus (Enderlein, 1921), E. multidens Chiu, 1954, stat. rev., E. puncticulatus Tang, 1990, E. stenophleps Cushman, 1937, E. vestigator (Smith, 1858), and E. zeugos Chiu, 1954, stat. rev.), 32 had already been recorded in Japan; three (E. biharensis Townes, Townes & Gupta, 1961, E. flavicaput (Morley, 1912), and E. merdarius (Gravenhorst, 1829)) have been erroneously recorded from Japan based on misidentifications, and four names that were previously on the Japanese list are deleted through synonymy. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: E. vacuus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, syn. nov. (= E. formosensis (Uchida, 1928)); E. multidensstat. rev.; E. striatus Cameron, 1899, syn. nov. = E. lineolatus (Roman, 1913), syn. nov. = E. uniformis Chiu, 1954, syn. nov. = E. flatus Chiu, 1954, syn. nov. = E. gussakovskii Viktorov, 1957, syn. nov. = E. striolatus Townes, Townes & Gupta, 1961, syn. nov. = E. unicornis Rao & Nikam, 1969, syn. nov. = E. unicornis Rao & Nikam, 1970, syn. nov. (= E. pungens (Smith, 1874)); E. iracundus Chiu, 1954, syn. nov. (= E. sakaguchii (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926)); E. sigmatoides Chiu, 1954, syn. nov. (= E. shikokuensis (Uchida, 1928)); E. yamanakai (Uchida, 1930), syn. nov. (= E. shinkanus (Uchida, 1928)); E. ranunculus Chiu, 1954, syn. nov. (= E. yezoensis (Uchida, 1928)); and E. zeugosstat. rev. = E. henrytownesi Chao & Tang, 1991, syn. nov. In addition, the following new regional and country records are also provided: E. flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900), E. puncticulatus, and E. vestigator from the Eastern Palaearctic region, E. laqueatus from the Eastern Palaearctic and Oceanic regions, and E. maruyamanus (Uchida, 1928) from the Oriental region; E. abdominalis (Szépligeti, 1906) from Nepal, E. flavocephalus from Laos, E. formosensis from Laos and Malaysia, E. insinuator (Smith, 1860) from Taiwan, E. maruyamanus from India and Philippines, E. nigronotatus Cameron, 1903, E. riukiuensis (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926), and E. sakaguchii from Indonesia, E. pungens from 14 countries (Australia, Bhutan, Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, and Taiwan), and E. yezoensis from South Korea. An identification key to all Japanese species of Enicospilus is proposed. Although 47 species are recognised in the present study, approximately 55 species could potentially be found in Japan based on ACE and Chao 1 estimators. The latitudinal diversity gradient of Enicospilus species richness is also tested in the Japanese archipelago based on the constructed robust taxonomic framework and extensive samples. Enicospilus species richness significantly increases towards the south, contrary to the ‘anomalous’ pattern of some other ichneumonid subfamilies.

The objective of this study was to evaluate ichneumonid samples, collected from northeastern Anatolia (Erzurum: Pazaryolu-Kumaskaya). Samples were collected during the summer period of 2015. Collected 14 species belong to Ichneumoninae, Ophioninae, Orthocentrinae and Pimplinae subfamilies. Cylloceria sylvestris (Gravenhorst, 1829) is new record for the Turkish fauna. Individual diversity, collecting locations, distribution data and short zoogeographical notes are given for each species.

In this study, material of Iranian Ophioninae was examined. In total, 63 species are recognized as occurring in Iran. Sixteen species are described as new to science: Enicospilus amerii Johansson sp. nov., E. apocalypticus Johansson sp. nov., E. haladai Johansson sp. nov., Enicospilus peri sp. nov., Ophion al Johansson sp. nov., Ophion angustigena Johansson sp. nov., Ophion breviflagellator Johansson sp. nov., Ophion golestanicus Johansson sp. nov., Ophion klimenkoi Johansson sp. nov., Ophion persicus Johansson sp. nov., Ophion schmidti Johansson sp. nov., Ophion sinuosus Johansson sp. nov., Ophion sistanicus Johansson sp. nov., Ophion transcarinatus Johansson sp. nov., Ophion vasi Johansson sp. nov. and Ophion xrafstra Johansson sp. nov. Sixteen species: Enicospilus combustus (Gravenhorst, 1829); E. intermedius (Johansson, 2018); E. undulatus (Gravenhorst, 1829); Ophion angularis Johansson & Cederberg, 2019; Ophion bipictor Aubert, 1980; Ophion crassicornis Brock, 1982; Ophion confusus Johansson, 2019; Ophion ellenae Johansson, 2019; Ophion eremita Kokujev, 1906; Ophion kallanderi Johansson, 2019; Ophion rostralis Meyer, 1935; Ophion rufoniger Kohl, 1905; Ophion semipullatus Kokujev, 1909; Ophion tenuicornis Johansson, 2019; Hellwigiella dichromoptera (Costa, 1886) and Eremotylus curvinervis (Kriechbaumer, 1878) are new records for the fauna of Iran. Enicospilus flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900), Enicospilus monostigma (Vollenhoven, 1879) and Eremotylus sibiricus Szépligeti, 1905 are excluded from the Iranian checklist due to previous misidentifications. Enicospilus tarsalis Hedwig, 1957 syn. nov. is excluded from synonymy with E. ahngeri and instead introduced as a junior synonym of E. cruciator Viktorov, 1957. Enicospilus affinis Hedwig, 1957 stat. rev. is excluded from synonymy with E. ocellatus Shestakov, 1926 and reinstated as a valid species. Enicospilus splendidus Rousse, Soliman & Gadallah, 2017 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Enicospilus stenopsis Kohl, 1905. Enicospilus grandiflavus Townes & Townes, 1973 (= E. grandis Morley) syn. nov. is synonymized with Enicospilus unicallosus (Vollenhoven, 1878). Enicospilus contributus Shestakov, 1926 is confirmed as a junior synonym of E. merdarius (Gravenhorst, 1829). Ophion fossulatus Hedwig, 1957 stat. rev. is excluded from synonymy with Ophion mocsaryi Brauns, 1899 and reinstated as a valid species close to Ophion parvulus Kriechbaumer. Ophion mocsaryi var. decedens Hedwig, 1961 syn. nov. is a synonym of Ophion bipictor Aubert, 1980. Ophion obscuratus var. heratensis Hedwig, 1961 syn. nov. is treated as a synonym of Ophion turcomanicus Szépligeti, 1905. Ophion pravinervis Kokujev, 1906, previously only known from the lost type collected in Georgia, is redescribed. Despite the relatively high number of new species here presented, the Iranian fauna most likely still harbours additional species awaiting discovery.

The genus Leptophion is recorded for the first time from Vietnam, including new records of three species, viz. L. giganteus Shimizu & Watanabe, L. maculipennis (Cameron) and L. radiatus (Uchida), for the country. The comparative morphological and pictorial characters of Vietnamese specimens were given. In addition, variations and in-country distribution of newly recorded species were also provided.

A new species of Darwin wasp of the genus Dicamptus Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), D. curvus Pham, Matsumoto & Shimizu sp. nov., is described on the basis of type specimen from Lai Chau Province, northwest Vietnam. The new species probably belongs to the giganteus species group and is easily distinguishable from the other species of the group by the smaller indices of fore wing AI and CI as well as the form of sclerites. Two species, D. cantoni Gauld & Mitchell and D. reticulatus (Cameron), are recorded for the first time from Vietnam; and additional distribution records for D. nigropictus (Matsumura) in Vietnam are provided. Through the present study, a total of four Dicamptus species have been recognized in Vietnam and illustrated.

The Japanese species of the ichneumonid genus Stauropoctonus Brauns, 1889 are revised. As a result, three species are recognized. Stauropoctonus infuscus (Uchida, 1928) stat. rev., previously synonymized with S. bombycivorus (Gravenhorst, 1829), is recognized as a valid species and re-described. Stauropoctonus bombycivorus, which has already been recorded in Japan, is also recognized and re-described based on Japanese specimens. Stauropoctonus aurantiacus sp. nov. is described based on a single male specimen from Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Stauropoctonus nigrithorax Lee & Kim, 2002 syn. nov. is newly synonymized with S. bombycivorus. Additionally, a key to the Stauropoctonus species and discussions on their phenology and collection methods are provided.

The enigmatic ophionine genus Skiapus Morley, 1917 of the family Ichneumonidae is discovered from Japan based on S. niger Sheng, 2006, which had been known from China. We also recognized following two species-groups of Skiapus for the first time: (1) the Afrotropical species-group, including only S. coalescens Morley, 1917 , characterized by the mandible twisted at 90° with a single apical tooth; and (2) the Eastern Palaearctic species-group, including S. baeki Lee, 2007 and S. niger, characterized by the mandible twisted at 75° with two apical teeth. A key to the Japanese ophionine genera is also provided.

A total of 10 species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) have previously been reported from Nepal. Six new species are described here (E. alleni Shimizu sp. nov., E. kakanicus Shimizu sp. nov., E. nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., E. nikami Shimizu sp. nov., E. phulchokiensis Shimizu sp. nov., and E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov.), and 10 are newly recorded (E. ashbyi Ashmead, 1904, E. bifasciatus (Uchida, 1928), E. capensis (Thunberg, 1824), E. flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900), E. formosensis (Uchida, 1928), E. grammospilus (Enderlein, 1921), E. pudibundae (Uchida, 1928), E. purifenestratus (Enderlein, 1921), E. yonezawanus (Uchida, 1928), and E. zebrus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981) from Nepal. A preliminary identification key to the Nepalese species of Enicospilus is provided. The elevational pattern of Nepalese Enicospilus is briefly discussed. Enicospilus purifenestratus is also recorded for the first time from Brunei.

The Swedish species of Ophion Fabricius, 1798 are revised. More than 4800 specimens and relevant type material were studied; 234 sampled specimens produced COI sequences. The study recognises 41 species, 18 of which are described as new to science, mainly from Fennoscandian material: Ophion angularis Johansson & Cederberg sp. nov., Ophion arenarius Johansson sp. nov., Ophion autumnalis Johansson sp. nov., Ophion borealis Johansson sp. nov., Ophion broadi Johansson sp. nov., Ophion brocki Johansson sp. nov., Ophion confusus Johansson sp. nov., Ophion ellenae Johansson sp. nov., Ophion inclinans Johansson sp. nov., Ophion kallanderi Johansson sp. nov., Ophion matti Johansson sp. nov., Ophion norei Johansson sp. nov., Ophion paraparvulus Johansson sp. nov., Ophion paukkuneni Johansson sp. nov., Ophion splendens Johansson sp. nov., Ophion sylvestris Johansson sp. nov., Ophion tenuicornis Johansson sp. nov. and Ophion vardali Johansson sp. nov. Barcoding analysis also indicated the possible presence of at least three additional, partly cryptic species, but these cannot be separated morphologically with certainty at this point. Ophion costatus Ratzeburg, 1848 and Ophion artemisiae Boie, 1855 are interpreted and defined. Ophion slaviceki Kriechbaumer, 1892 is excluded from synonymy with Ophion luteus Linnaeus, 1758 stat. rev. Ophion polyguttator (Thunberg, 1824) stat. rev. and Ophion variegatus Rudow, 1883 stat. rev. are excluded from synonymy with O. obscuratus Fabricius, 1798. Ophion variegatus is redescribed and a neotype is designated. Ophion albistylus Szepligeti, 1905 (syn. nov.) is synonymized with Ophion pteridis Kriechbaumer, 1879 and Ophion frontalis Strobl, 1904 (syn. nov.) is synonymized with Ophion areolaris Brauns, 1889 syn. nov. Eleven species are reported from Sweden for the first time: Ophion artemisiae , Ophion crassicornis Brock, 1982, Ophion costatus , Ophion dispar Brauns, 1895, Ophion forticornis Morley, 1915, Ophion kevoensis Jussila, 1965, Ophion ocellaris Ulbricht, 1926, Ophion perkinsi Brock, 1982, Ophion subarcticus Hellen, 1926, Ophion variegatus Rudow, 1883 and Ophion wuestneii Kriechbaumer, 1892. The study shows that a number of species that previously have been treated as highly variable taxa, actually consist of several valid species that are separable using morphological characters. An illustrated key for the determination of the Swedish Ophion species is provided.

This paper provides faunistic data for 24 species examined, belonging to 5 ichneumonid subfamilies: Acaentinae (6 species), Banchinae (4 species), Campopleginae (16 species), Ophioninae (4 species), and Tryphoninae (4 species). Of these, 6 species and 3 genera (Arotes, Coleocentrus, Procinetus) and 1 tribe (Coleocentrini) from Acaentinae, 4 species and 2 genera (Arenetra and Exetastes) from Banchinae, 7 species and 1 genus (Rhimphoctona) from Campopleginae, 4 species from Ophioninae and 4 species of Tryphoninae are new records for the Iranian ichneumonid fauna. Previously recorded species are also included. Distributional maps are given for all records. This study increases the number of known Iranian ichneumonids of Acaentinae to 7, Banchinae to 7, Campopleginae to 26, Ophioninae to 18, and Tryphoninae to 23 species.

The ophionine ichneumonid known as Hellwigiaobscura has been reared for the first time, from larvae of Horisme sp. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) feeding on Clematisvitalba in The Netherlands. The cocoon and the parasitoid’s means of emergence are figured, as are some features of the adult. On a balance of morphological grounds, including some already discussed in the literature, it is proposed that “Hellwigia” obscura should be excluded from Hellwigia and instead be ascribed to the genus Heinrichiellastat. rev. as Heinrichiellaobscuracomb. n. Reasons for this change as well as for preferring this generic name to Protohellwigia Brues are given

The phylogeny of the subfamily Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is investigated using molecular markers and morphological characters. We analysed the mitochondrial DNA CO1 and the nuclear 28S D2–D3 gene fragments for 74 species of Ophioninae from 25 out of the 32 recognized genera, which collectively represent 98% of described species diversity of the subfamily. Molecular markers were analysed separately and combined, with or without the adjunction of a matrix of 62 morphological characters using Bayesian inference. Our results reveal three distinct lineages, each including one of most speciose genera: Ophion, Enicospilus and Thyreodon. The comparison of the molecular data, and combined molecular plus morphological data led to the definition of the three tribes: Ophionini stat. rev. (Ophion + Alophophion + Rhopalophion + Xylophion + Afrophion); Enicospilini stat. rev. (Enicospilus + Laticoleus + Dicamptus + Hellwigiella); and Thyreodonini tribe nov. (Thyreodon + Dictyonotus + Rhynchophion). The possible association of other genera to one or another of these lineages is discussed. Ophion is a polyphyletic assemblage and requires a further revision to define the delimitation with close genera. The enigmatic Old World genus Skiapus is strongly supported as belonging to the Ophioninae, although its placement within the subfamily is ambiguous as a result of its derived genotype and phenotype. Finally, we propose a biogeographical scenario supported by this phylogeny and based on the limited available fossil data. (Resume d'auteur)

The taxonomic history of Hellwigiella Szépligeti is presented with comments. Ophion similis (Szépligeti, 1905) is diagnosed and illustrated, with the first record for Morocco. Hellwigiella is redescribed and illustrated, with comments on its differentiation from O. similis. A key to the two valid species, H. dichromoptera and H. nigripennis stat. rev., is provided.

* Correspondence: spekel@atauni.edu.tr Parasitic hymenopterans, a big insect group having wide significance in terrestrial ecosystems (Shaw and Hochberg, 2001), constitute a specialized group of Hymenoptera, one of the mega insect orders (Stevens et. al., 2007). Ichneumonidae is the biggest hymenopteran family with 1579 genera and 24,281 described species (Yu et al., 2012). This family is probably the most diverse animal family (Grissell, 1999). The majority of species are solitary endoparasitoids of endopterygote larvae and pupae, particularly among the Lepidoptera and Symphyta (Gauld and Bolton, 1988). As such, they play a large role in the control of potential pest species and in maintaining the equilibrium of ecosystems in general. Because of their highly specialized life histories, they may also be particularly vulnerable to ecological disturbances (LaSalle and Gauld, 1991; Shaw and Hochberg, 2001). However, despite their abundance and ecological importance, the Ichneumonidae remain relatively unstudied (Shaw and Hochberg, 2001). Studies on the Ichneumonidae of Turkey have gained acceleration, particularly in the last one and a half decades. With the previous contributions (Coruh and Kolarov, 2013; Coruh and Ozbek, 2013; Coruh et al., 2013, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c; Kolarov et al., 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, 2015, 2016; Ozdan, 2014; Riedel et al., 2014; Yaman, 2014; Yurtcan and Kolarov, 2015), the numbers of the Ichneumonidae fauna of Turkey reached 1172 species from 287 genera and 21 subfamilies. The number reaches 1173 species with the present paper. The aim of this study is to report new localities of different Ichneumonidae species in Anatolia. The present study is based mainly in the northeastern part of Anatolia, including Artvin, Bayburt, Erzurum, Erzincan, Kars, and Trabzon provinces, during 2005–2010. The material was collected via various methods: by sweeping vegetation, especially flowering plants, with an insect net; by Malaise trap, which was used in Karakurt (Sarikamis, Kars Province); and by rearing and collection in laboratory conditions, used for larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera. The specimens were extracted from traps and nets, maintained in 70% ethanol, and then prepared and sorted to genus and species levels. Specimens were identified and/or confirmed by Janko Kolarov (Plovdiv University, Bulgaria). All specimens were deposited in the insect collection of the Entomology Museum of Erzurum, Turkey (EMET). The following data are included: valid taxa names, distribution, hosts (if available), associated plants (if available), and remarks. The newly recorded species for the fauna of Turkey is indicated by an asterisk in the text. General distributions of the species were taken from Yu et al. (2012). In total, 13 species in 13 genera of Acaenitinae, Anomaloninae, Banchinae, Campopleginae, Cryptinae, Metopiinae, Ophioninae, Orthocentrinae, Pimplinae, and Tryphoninae were determined. The species list is given below. Subfamily Acaenitinae Forster, 1869 Phaenolobus fulvicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) Material examined. Bayburt, Kop Mt., 1650 m a.s.l., 16.06.2005, 1♂, Leg. S. Coruh; Maden, 1650 m a.s.l., 3♀♀, 2♂♂, Leg. S. Coruh and O. Calmasur. Erzurum, Ataturk Univ. Campus, 4. Kuyu, 1850 m a.s.l., 16.05.2005, 1♂, Leg. Abstract: Faunistic data of 13 Ichneumonidae species from Turkey, including Artvin, Bayburt, Erzincan, Erzurum, Kars, and Trabzon, are presented from 2005–2010. A total of 25 specimens belonging to Acaenitinae, Anomaloninae, Banchinae, Campopleginae, Cryptinae, Metopiinae, Ophioninae, Orthocentrinae, Pimplinae, and Tryphoninae have been recorded. Orthocentrus marginatus Holmgren is newly added to the Turkish fauna and Buathra laborator Thunberg is a new host for Malacosoma neustria (L.) in Turkey. New distribution data of 12 known species are added.

The fauna of ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Isfahan province (Iran) is studied in this paper. In total 28 species from 24 genera and 6 subfamilies (Campopleginae, Cryptinae, Ichneumoninae, Ophioninae, Pimplinae and Tryphoninae) were collected and identified. Encrateola laevigata (Ratzeburg, 1848), Mesoleptus laticintus (Walker, 1874) (Cryptinae), Hepiopelmus melanogaster (Gmelin, 1790) (Ichneumonidae), and Apechthis quadridentata (Thomson, 1877) (Pimplinae) are new records for the fauna of Iran.

A widespread European nocturnal ichneumonid, Ophion luteus, is shown to be a parasitoid of at least two species of noctuid moth, Agrotis exclamationis and A. segetum, probably most frequently a parasitoid of the former. The taxonomy, nomenclature and diagnostic features of this species are discussed. Possible explanations for a spring-flying generation, usually referred to as the 'distans' morph, are discussed.

The species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 in Saudi Arabia are reviewed. Six species have previously been recorded from Saudi Arabia: E. brevicornis (Masi, 1939), E. capensis (Thunberg, 1822), E. nervellator Aubert, 1966, E. perlatus Shestakov, 1926, E. psammus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978 and E. oculator Seyrig, 1935. Five new species are described and illustrated in this paper: Enicospilus arabicus Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov., E. mirabilis Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov., E. pseudoculator Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov., E. shadaensis Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov. and E. splendidus Rousse, Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov. Twelve species are newly recorded for the fauna of Saudi Arabia, thus raising the total number to 23 species: E. bicoloratus Cameron, 1912, E. divisus (Seyrig, 1935), E. dubius (Tosquinet, 1896), E. grandiflavus Townes & Townes, 1973, E. odax Gauld & Mitchell, 1978, E. oweni Gauld & Mitchell, 1976, E. pacificus (Holmgren, 1868), E. pallidus (Taschenberg, 1875), E. rundiensis Bischoff, 1915, E. senescens (Tosquinet, 1896), Enicospilus sp. 1 and Enicospilus sp. 2 cf. bicoloratus Cameron, 1912. The unknown male of E. odax is described for the first time. The COI barcodes of 17 specimens were sequenced, compared to the existing data and uploaded to the BOLD Systems database. An illustrated key and an annotated faunistic list of all species of Enicospilus in Saudi Arabia are also provided. Finally, we discuss the biogeographical and ecological significance of the Enicospilus fauna in Saudi Arabia.

A new species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835, E. kikuchii sp. nov., which belongs to the ichneumonid subfamily Ophioninae, is described based on two specimens that were collected in Saitama Prefecture of Honshû and Kagoshima Prefecture of Kyûshû in Japan. Enicospilus kikuchii sp. nov. belongs to the E. antefurcalis species-group. A key to species of the group and additional couplets for the key to Indo-Papuan Enicospilus species are provided.

The aim of this study was to provide an updated checklist of the species of Ophioninae reported for Brazil. Were catalogued 86 nominal species of Ophioninae, of which 61 of Enicospilus, nine of Thyreodon, five of Stauropoctonus, three of Ophiogastrella and of Ophion, two of Alophophion and of Rhynchophion and one of Prethophion. Enicospilus, to occur in 19 states and, is the most widely distributed genus. The present study reveals that knowledge of the fauna of Ophioninae is incipient in Brazil, much of the country remains subsampled and should have priority in future studies.Lista Anotada dos Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) BrasileirosResumo. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma lista atualizada das espécies de Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) relatadas para o Brasil. Foram catalogadas 86 espécies, dentre as quais 61 de Enicospilus, nove de Thyreodon, cinco de Stauropoctonus, três de Ophiogastrella e de Ophion, duas de Alophophion e de Rhynchophion e uma de Prethophion. Enicospilus, por ocorrer em 19 estados, é o gênero com maior distribuição geográfica. O presente estudo revela que o conhecimento da fauna de Ophioninae no Brasil é incipiente, que grande parte do país continua subamostrada e deve ter prioridade em estudos futuros. &nbsp

The species of the strictly Neotropical ophionine wasp genus Alophophion Cushman, 1947 are revised. New descriptions of all previously named species are provided, except Alophophion holosericeus (Taschenberg, 1875) for which the type series is lost and the name is herein considered a nomen dubium. The female of A. flavorufus (Brullé, 1846) is described for the first time. Four informal species groups are proposed based on the morphology of the mandibles, development of the malar space, and general proportions of the head (i.e., development of the face and gena). Whereas the genus previously included only seven named species, it is here expanded to include 49 species (not including the aforementioned nomen dubium), 43 of which are newly discovered and described and thereby increasing the diversity by over eight times. A key to the four species groups and their included taxa is provided. Alophophion is confined to cold and/or dry areas of subequatorial South America, with the exception of A. mancocapaci new species and A. pedroi new species which occur incloud forests around Cuzco, Peru. The genus is newly recorded from Bolivia and Ecuador, and more extensive and accurate distributions are summarized for A. chilensis, A. flavorufus, and A. politus. Alophophion flavorufus is newly recorded from Argentina.Traduce

Ctenanthe kummeriana (E. Morren) Eichler (Marantaceae) is a cosmopolitan ornamental plant with esthetically appealing color and leaf shape. Pseudautomeris brasiliensis Walker (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and a nondescribed species of Stenoma (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) defoliated this plant in the campus of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, inspiring the study of the association that prevails among these organisms. This could be a rare event, as the association of Lepidoptera with Marantaceae is scarce, with only two previous reports. The aim of this study was to monitor the caterpillars on the two crops of C. kummeriana, one in the “Horto Botânico” (HB) and another in the “Recanto da Cigarra” (RC) for a period of 1 yr, with particular attention to the shelters and damage caused; to assess the gregarious nature and the emergence of parasitoid and lepidopterans; and to provide an accurate morphologic diagnosis of a parasitoid. P. brasiliensis and Stenoma sp. were recorded after the rainy season, exhibiting similar distribution between HB and RC. Enicospilus tenuigena Kriechbaumer, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) emerged from 76.25% of the P. brasiliensis pupae. P. brasiliensis and Stenoma sp. defoliated the C. kummeriana plants between March and June in the UFV campus, whereas the parasitoid E. tenuigena reduced the populations of the first species.

Alvarado, M. (2016): A remarkable new species of Sicophion Gauld, 1979 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Peru, with a key to the species. Zootaxa 4138 (1): 195-200, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4138.1.11

The nine British and Irish species of Enicospilus are revised, mapped and an identification key provided. One species, Enicospilus myricae sp. nov., is described as new; Enicospilus merdarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) is a senior synonym of E. tournieri (Vollenhoven, 1879) syn. nov.; the only available name for E. merdarius auctt. is Enicospilus adustus (Haller, 1885) stat. rev., and a neotype is designated for Ophion adustus Haller, 1885. Enicospilus cerebrator Aubert, 1969 and E. repentinus (Holmgren, 1860) are newly recorded from Britain. Some host data are available for eight of the nine species.

Ctenoplematine Ichneumonidae were sampled with Malaise traps, primarily from central Texas, and dissected to explore variation in reproductive tract morphology, egg size, and egg load. A few species representing the subfamilies Xoridinae, Labeninae, Poemeniinae, Ophioninae, Banchinae, and Tryphoninae were examined for comparison. All ctenopelmatines were synovigenic, but egg size and egg load were highly variable among species. Eggs of koinobionts were always smaller than eggs of the idiobiont taxa Labena, Podoschistus, and Xorides, even after adjustment for body size. Egg loads of koinobionts were significantly larger than those of idiobionts. We discuss our findings in the context of the idiobiont/koinobiont dichotomy and associated life-history traits.

A new species of genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), Enicospilus fatimahae from Malaysia is described and illustrated. It differs from Enicospilus teleus Gauld and Mitchell by having a propodeum posteriorly reticulated, nine hamuli, and yellowish markings on the 4th tergite.

The genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901, which belongs to the subfamily Ophioninae Shuckard, 1840, is recorded from Japan and the Palaearctic region for the first time based on two new species, L. parvus sp. nov. from Amamioshima Island and L. septentrionis sp. nov. from Yakushima and Amamioshima Island. A key to the Japanese and Taiwanese species is also provided.

New replacement names are proposed in Trathala Cameron, 1899 (Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) and Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) from the Neotropical Region. © 2015, Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia. All rights reserved.

The ichneumonid wasp genera Skiapus Morley, Hellwigia Gravenhorst, Nonnus Cresson, Chriodes Forster, and Klutiana Betrem are each formally removed from the Campopleginae on the basis of morphological, molecular, and simultaneous analyses using PAUP* and the optimization alignment program POY. Skiapus and Hellwigia are shown to form a monophyletic group with the Ophioninae to which they are transferred. Nonnus is treated as comprising the Nonninae stat. nov. and Chriodes and Klutiana (sometimes treated as a junior synonym of Chriodes) are treated as comprising the Nesomesochorinae stat. rev. The status of Nesomesochorinae and Nonninae is not fully resolved as they are not consistently recovered as separate groups, forming a single clade in some analyses. We keep them separate because of this uncertainty. Molecular synapomorphies within the D2–3 expansion region of the 28S rDNA gene show the utility of this gene region in determining subfamily‐level placement within the higher Ophioniformes.

Two Enicospilus species, E. melanocarpus Cameron and E. pseudoconspersae (Sonan), are newly recorded in Korea. A revised key on the whole known Korean species including above two species are presented.

Seven species of the genus Stauropoctonus are reviewed, with descriptions of one new species, Stauropoctonus nigrithorax n. sp. Therefore two species are recorded in South Korea. A diagnostic key and taxonomic remarks are presented.

We describe the species composition of the subfamily Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) along an altitudinal gradient in the cloudy forest Monteseco, Cajamarca, Peru collected in 2009 and 2010. Eighteen species were recorded in three genera of Ophioninae: Alophophion, Enicospilus y Ophion. Five species are recorded for the first time in Peru: Ophion polyhymniae Gauld, 1988; Enicospilus cubensis (Norton, 1863); E. guatemalensis (Cameron, 1886); E. cressoni Hooker, 1912 y E. mexicanus (Cresson, 1874). Subfamily composition varies with the elevation. The highest species richness (S=11) was found at 2150 m and the lowest (S=3) at 3116 m. Enicospilus is more diverse from low to mid elevation, Ophion from mid to high elevation and Alophophion occurs predominantly at high elevation., Se describe la composición de especies de la subfamilia Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneu-monidae) a lo largo de una gradiente altitudinal en el bosque nublado Monteseco, Cajamarca, Perú; colectados en los años 2009 y 2010. Se encontraron 18 especies en tres géneros de Ophioninae: Alophophion, Enicospilus y Ophion. Cinco especies son registradas por primera vez para Perú: Ophion polyhymniae Gauld, 1988, Enicospilus cubensis (Norton, 1863), E. guatemalensis(Cameron, 1886), E. cressoni Hooker, 1912 y E. mexicanus (Cresson, 1874). La composición de la subfamilia Ophioninae varía según la elevación. La mayor riqueza de Ophioninae se encontró a 2150 m (S=11) y la menor a 3116 m (S=3). Enicospilus es más diverso en zonas de baja a mediana altitud, Ophion es más diverso en zonas de mediana a elevada altitud y Alophophion ocurre predominantemente a elevada altitud.

The revision of the Afrotropical Ophioninae is updated, based on the examination of about 800–900 individuals in the South African and European museum collections. A robust interactive matrix key was built to provide quick and reliable identifications. The key is available online at http://www.waspweb.org. Two new species are described: Dicamptus maxipol sp. n. and Enicospilus gauldetmitchellorum sp. n. Numerous new distribution and biological records are provided, and noticeable morphological intra-specific variations are detailed. Enicospilus batus Gauld & Mitchell, syn. n. is considered as a junior synonym of Enicospilus luebberti (Enderlein).

O O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de himenópteros parasitóides e o período de atividade de voo em macieira. Os insetos foram amostrados com armadilha Malaise, semanalmente, por um período de 24h, sendo retirados do frasco coletor nos seguintes horários: 1, 7, 13 e 19 h. Foram coletados 1.249 himenópteros parasitóides distribuídos em 25 famílias com maior abundância de Ichneumonidae (318), Bethylidae (199), Figitidae (Eucoilinae) (183), Braconidae (90) e Scelionidae (86). Com exceção de Ichneumonidae (Ophioninae) a maioria dos parasitóides mostrou atividade de voo diurna. Diversity and Flight Activity of Parasitoids Hymenoptera in Apple Orchard in Vacaria, RS Abstract. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity of parasitoids Hymenoptera and the period of flight activity in apple trees. Insects were sampled with Malaise traps weekly for a period of 24 hours, being removed from the trap in the following times 1, 7, 13 and 19 hours. A total of 1,249 individual parasitoids from 25 families were collected. The most abundant families was Ichneumonidae (318), Bethylidae (199), Figitidae (Eucoilinae) (183), Braconidae (90) and Scelionidae (86). With the exception of Ichneumonidae (Ophioninae), parasitoids were most commonly colleted during daylight.

We revise the Taiwanese species of the ophionine genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901. As a result, three species, including a new species, are recognized. Two of them were identified as L. maculipennis (Cameron, 1905) and L. radiatus (Uchida, 1956), both of which had been previously recorded in Taiwan; we redescribe them based on Taiwanese specimens. We describe a single new species as L. giganteus Shimizu & Watanabe, sp. nov. The phenology and distribution of the species are briefly discussed. A key to the Taiwanese species of Leptophion and additional couplets to the key proposed by Gauld & Mitchell (1981) are also provided.