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This study aims to analyze the relationship between the investment climate and foreign direct investment in Algeria by estimate the relationship between the FDI (as a dependent variable) and other three variables: GDP (per capita), Openness index and Political stability (as independent variables) by using a Half-logarithmic model for the period (2000-2019). The results of the study showed that there is a positive effect of the Gross domestic product per capita on the Foreign Direct investment, a strong positive effect of openness index on the FDI has been confirmed, technically (a change increase or decrease) by one unit of the Openness Index of the Algerian Economic, ceteris paribus, should make a change of the FDI by 2.55%. We confirmed the existence of the causality (in Granger sense) of political stability to the FDI during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study using access to education and health as the indicators of gender inequality examines gender inequality and state level openness in the different states of India. Further, the study's findings show that at the sub-national level in India higher per capita income is accompanied with lower gender inequality. However, in some high income states gender inequality is also very high. High gender inequality was also observed in the states which score high in the openness index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been recognized that the quality of yarn depends on the performance of the processes during spinning. This work relates to evaluating the opening action of blow room and aims to develop the openness tester for measuring the openness of fibrous assembly based on the image processing technique. A sequence of shapes taken using black background for high image clarity as radial projections at a fixed angular interval was recorded for image processing for each object. Each shape was treated as a slice of the cross-section of the object taken at a specific angular position. Fast 8-point connectivity, clockwise contour-tracing algorithm was implemented in MATLAB to extract the boundary points on the shape of each slice. With known angular position and the coordinates of boundary points, a three-dimensional wire-frame model has been created for three-dimensional visualization and volumetric measurements. The relation between the apparent volume and the weight of fibrous assembly has been studied. Finally, an apparent specific volume of fibrous assembly has been calculated as a measure of openness of fibrous assembly. The conventional test method (i.e. beaker method) and its openness index were compared with the apparent specific volume of fibrous assembly. Both the methods have shown a similar trend of openness of material. This work has further been extended in comparison of different types of modern blow room lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium perfringens is associated with a variety of diseases in both humans and animals. Recent advances in genomic sequencing make it timely to re-visit this important pathogen. Although the genome sequence of C. perfringens was first determined in 2002, large-scale comparative genomics with isolates of different origins is still lacking. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing of 45 C . perfringens isolates with isolation time spanning an 80-year period and performed comparative analysis of 173 genomes from worldwide strains. We also conducted phylogenetic lineage analysis and introduced an openness index (OI) to evaluate the openness of bacterial genomes. We classified all these genomes into five lineages and hypothesized that the origin of C. perfringens dates back to ~80 000 years ago. We showed that the pangenome of the 173 C . perfringens strains contained a total of 26 954 genes, while the core genome comprised 1020 genes, accounting for about a third of the genome of each isolate. We demonstrated that C. perfringens had the highest OI compared with 51 other bacterial species. Intact prophage sequences were found in nearly 70.0 % of C. perfringens genomes, while CRISPR sequences were found only in ~40.0 %. Plasmids were prevalent in C. perfringens isolates, and half of the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) identified in all the isolates could be found in plasmids. ARG-sharing network analysis showed that C. perfringens shared its 11 ARGs with 55 different bacterial species, and a high frequency of ARG transfer may have occurred between C. perfringens and species in the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus . Correlation analysis showed that the ARG number in C. perfringens strains increased with time, while the virulence gene number was relative stable. Our results, taken together with previous studies, revealed the high genome openness and genetic diversity of C. perfringens and provide a comprehensive view of the phylogeny, genomic features, virulence gene and ARG profiles of worldwide strains.