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Our objective in this study was investigation into the effectiveness of the enzymic preparation Kirshner Pancreal in 27 patients with chronic pancreatitis. It is shown that against the background of treatment with the above drug patients dispelled the pain syndrome and manifestations of the maldigestion syndrome. The described drug made for normalization of the blood serum content of beta-lipoproteins. The drug is well-tolerated by patients, no adverse effects were noted.

A peroral sugar-reducing preparation gliquidone (glurenorm) was tried in treatment of 66 patients with digestive diseases (peptic ulcer, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver), presenting with diabetes mellitus. The results of the studies made showed glurenorm to be a highly effective preparation in term of both its sugar-reducing effect and its capability to improve energy processes in gastric and duodenal mucosa, pancreacytes, hepatocytes, besides which, it appear to dispel metabolic disturbances and stimulate reparative processes in body organs, improves protein-synthetic processes in the liver, pancreas, mucosa of the gastroduodenal region.

The indices for the gastric contents aggression and protection ratio returned to normal in patients with peptic ulcer and preulcerous condition during the treatment with smekta due to a decrease in proteolytic activity and increase in the synthesis of the mucus protective proteins. Monitoring of intragastric pH in the body of the stomach throughout 24 hours in patients with peptic ulcer of duodenal location revealed significant acid-neutralizing effect of smekta. Patients with nonspecific ulcerous colitis enjoyed freedom of side effects as a result of the use of salofalk and derived full therapeutic benefit from this treatment. Under the effect of smekta there occurred suppression of the growth of pathogenic proteolytic flora, improvement of qualitative properties of coli flora and growth of sugar-lytic flora in patients with intestinal dysbiosis. According to the data available, smekta strengthens the mucous barrier by improving the conformation of the mucus structural elements.

In the present investigation on the treatment of patients with nonulcerous dyspepsia and peptic ulcer, hiatus hernia complicated with reflux esophagitis, a mechanism has been studied of the action of topalkan, a 3rd generation aluminium-magnesium antacid, that involves not only its antacid properties but in an even greater degree the availability of alginic acid in its formula which has antipeptic and protective effect with respect of the mucous membrane of the stomach and esophagus, and provides, together with the magnesium salts, a floating layer of the preparation in the stomach. In grave course of nonulcerous dyspepsia (preulcerous condition) and peptic ulcer complicated by reflux disease of the esophagus topalkan was used in combination with present-day antisecretory preparations pyrenzepine or H2-blockaders of histamine receptors capable of enhancing the antisecretory effect of topalkan as well as endowed with cytoprotective properties with respect of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum promoting healing of erosions and healing and scarring of ulcerous defects.

Intravascular laser radiation of the blood was employed in 68 patients with ulcer disease in the complex treatment with antacid; cholinolytic, antioxidant agents. The employment of helium-neon laser as an immunomodulator resulted in an improvement of indices of cellular and humoral immunity, normalization of lipid peroxidation, increased resistance of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, reduction of the time of scarring of the ulcer defect against the background of rapid clinical remission, increase of the interrecurrence period.

A study was made of the effect of experimental hyperinsulinemia, caused by daily administration of the increasing doses of a crystalline insulin-zinc suspension (up to 6 Units per animal) during 14 days, on the parameters of 125I-insulin binding by the insulin receptors of plasma membranes of adipose and liver tissues of intact rats and those with disturbed liver innervation. In intact rats, hyperinsulinemia led to the fall of the concentration of the insulin receptors and their affinity for insulin in the membranes of both tissues. In rats with disturbed liver innervation, analogous changes were observed for the receptors of adipose tissue, whereas the parameters of the receptors of liver were unchanged under the effect of hyperinsulinemia. It is concluded that nerve fibers that innervate the liver take part in the regulation of activity of the insulin receptors.

Section of the hepatic nervous plexus did not affect insulin receptor parameters in hepatic or adipose tissue plasma membranes. In control rats, the increase of the receptor insulin binding in fasting and its fall under experimental hyperinsulinemia were found both in hepatic and adipose tissue membranes, while in the rats with lesioned hepatic innervation these changes only occurred in adipose tissue membranes. No insulin receptor response to fasting or hyperinsulinemia in the rat liver with lesioned innervation occurred. The vegetative nervous system seems to affect the insulin receptors in the insulin target tissues. The nervous regulation of the receptors in addition to the humoral one, increases the effectiveness of the insulin metabolic control in its target cells.

A study of 179 patients with functional and organic diseases of the bile tract revealed that changes of the blood phospholipids and their spectra in the blood is observed at more early stages of the disease, functional pathology and that an increased PGE2/PGF2 indicates a deficit of polyunsaturated fatty acids and prevalence of the processes of break-up of prostaglandins over their synthesis.

Functional and structural changes of the hepato-biliary system were assessed in 56 persons with different forms of chronic alcoholism. In patients with prenosological forms of chronic alcoholism despite the absence of clinical manifestations and functional disorders of the liver, phenomena of fatty infiltration of the liver were revealed by means of ultrasound examination. Patients with chronic alcoholism of grade II and III showed an increase of the activity of aminotransferases, increased values of the thymol test, hypoalbuminemia, disorders of lipid metabolism. Phenomena of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were revealed by ultrasound examination in these patients.