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The analysis of the results of the examination and treatment of 29 patients with carcinoids of the lungs has been carried out for 1984-1995. Peripheral carcinoids were detected in 59% of cases, of the tumor in the main and lobar bronchi was revealed in 41% of cases. The analysis showed that there are no symptoms, pathognomonic for carcinoids of the lungs; carcinoid syndrome was not detected in any patient. The examination (roentgenography and CT of the lungs, bronchoscopy) has not provided any objective, differential diagnostic criteria for carcinoids, cancer and benign tumors of the lungs. Morphological examination of the removed tumors allowed all the carcinoids to be divided in two types: typical (benign neuroendocrine tumor) and atypical (well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma). The final differentiation is possible only after conduction of thorough histological, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical examination. The principal method of carcinoids treatment is surgical one. The optimal surgical procedure is pneumonectomy or lobectomy with lymphadenectomy. Atypical resection of the lung without lymphadenectomy in peripheral location of the tumor is justified only in early stages of the disease and in cases of morphological verification of benign character of neuroendocrine tumor. Late results were followed up in 27 patients. In the group of patients with atypical carcinoids in terms of 6 to 12 months 3 patients died from progressing of the main disease. There were neither lethal outcomes nor signs of relapse of the disease in the group of patients with typical carcinoid. The terms of follow up were from 1 year to 12 years.

135 patients have been evaluated to improve methods of diagnosis and treatment of nonparasitogenic liver cysts. Ultrasound, ETA, indirect hemagglutination were used for differential diagnosis. Target thin-needle aspiration biopsy under the ultrasound control with subsequent cytologic studies was performed in all the patients. Most informative data have been provided by enzyme immunoassay and indirect hemagglutination. 118 patients have been successfully treated with puncturing, drainage and sclerosing of the cavity walls with 96% ethanol. There were no cases of recurrence, morbidity, mortality. Surgery has not been performed in 17 patients with small-size cysts.

Transcutaneous procedures have been performed under ultrasound control in 404 patients with mechanical jaundice, caused by tumor of the pancreas, primary liver tumor or its metastatic lesion. Cholecystostomy was performed in 40 patients, in other cases external or external-internal draining of bile with subsequent implantation of endoprosthesis for the life-long biliary duct decompression (108 endoprostheses in 98 patients) has been done. Complication have been observed in 3 (0.7%) patients. The mortality rate was 2.1%. The authors recommend this method for wide use in patients with mechanical jaundice and consider it to be a method of choice in inoperable cancer of hepato-pancreatico-duodenal zone.

The paper analyzes the use of thin-needle aspiration biopsy in 372 patients with thyroid solitary formations. By the results of clinical and instrumental studies and cytological examination of thyroid puncture specimens groups of patients with individual clinical and morphological types of the disease were identified. Differential surgical policy in each group of patients was shown on the basis of the finding. It is concluded that thin-needle aspiration biopsy should be integrated into the compulsory programme of comprehensive examination of patients with thyroid solitary formations. Having a high efficiency, the above method helps in most cases to make an accurate clinical and morphological diagnosis and to choose the optimal treatment policy for each specific patient admitted to a surgical hospital for an aggregate diagnosis of nodal euthyroid goiter. Some patients may avoid unjustifiable surgical intervention and be on conservative therapy under follow-up.

The work compares the results of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FAB) of the thyroid gland in nodular and diffuse-nodular euthyroid goiter (63 patients) with the findings of pathomorphological study of the operative material (51 patients). The authors' original device for puncture of the thyroid node is described. The suggested method makes it possible to raise the efficacy of obtaining an adequate amount of aspired material to 92%. On the basis of the results of FAB and ultrasonic examination (USE) unfounded surgical intervention was avoided in 12 of the 63 cases. The results of the study bear evidence of the high diagnostic efficacy of FAB as to obtaining the cytologic material and revealing malignant degeneration (96% specificity). The authors believe that FAB in combination with USE should be an obligatory component of complex clinico-instrumental examination of patients with various diseases of the thyroid, nodular forms of affection in particular.

Ameloblastoma (also known as adamantinoma, adamantine epithelioma, adamantinoblastoma, and epithelial odontoma) is a benign tumor of ectodermal origin arising from odontogenic epithelium, most commonly in the lower molar region in individuals aged between 20 and 50 years. Several histological variants are recognized, the most common being the follicular type. The present communication demonstrates the desirability of conducting parallel cytological and histological studies in cases of jaw tumors. Results of one study are reported; the cytologic profile of the tumor enabled the authors to identify cell type and establish the odontogenic origin and benign nature of the tumor. Such studies are stated to be essential in developing criteria for cytologic diagnosis of odontogenic tumors.