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This poster describes a serious game and it's design process. The game is developed to facilitate adaptive governance in Building with Nature initiatives.

High-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) induced malignancies are an interesting target for immunotherapy as they invariably express the viral proteins E6 and E7 that allow specific recognition of tumor cells without the risk of inducing autoimmunity. This thesis describes the preclinical development of pDNA vaccine candidates for the treatment of HPV16 induced malignancies. For this purpose gene-shuffled (SH) versions of HPV16 E6 and E7 were used to avoid the risk of transformation at the vaccination site. To improve the immunogenicity of E6SH and E7SH several optimizations strategies were evaluated. First it is shown that genetic fusion with Tetanus Toxin Fragment C (TTFC), results in a dramatic increase in immunogenicity. The resulting vaccine candidates TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH were also demonstrated to have lost their transforming potential. Secondly it is demonstrated that the mere addition of an endoplasmatic reticulum targeting sequence and a set of promiscuous CD4 helper epitopes results in an enormous increase of the immunogenicity of E6SH and E7SH. This design decreases the risk of raising competing carrier specific immune responses. Finally several nanoparticle based formulations of a model pDNA vaccine were evaluated and it is demonstrated that for in vivo applications it is essential to shield the cationic charge of such nanoparticles.

This is the second issue (of twelve) of iA bookzine. iA brings together interdisciplinary perspectives to the topic of "Interactive Architecture" (IA) - from researchers, students, guest lecturers from Hyperbody), and experts from other organizations. This second issue, like the first, consists of papers, educational reports, workshops, dialogue, and linked information. After introducing the concept of IA - by describing terms and processes like 'File to Factory' and 'real time behaviour' in the first issue - this second issue, with refresher material, delves deeper into the interactive relations between built components, between people and built components, and even between people. It also offers a more defined perspective on parametric design, powerlines, and multiplayer design games. Finally, it offers an overview of the iWEB pavilion, a vehicle for transdisciplinary research, education, and design developed by Hyperbody, derived from the software it applies to the building process and that it applied to its opening event.

The iA bookzine series will consist of twelve issues, bi-annually published over a period of six years under the supervision of Prof. ir. Kas Oosterhuis, director of the Hperbody at the Delft University of Technology. Interactive Architecture - from here on abbreviated as iA - is NOT simply architecture that is responsive or adaptive to changing circumstances. On the contrary, iA is based on the concept of bi-directional communication, which requires two active parties. Naturally, communication between two people is interactive; they both listen [input], think [process] and talk [output]. But iA is not about communication between people, it is first defined as the art of building relationships between built components and second, as building relations between people and built components.

In order to selectively block nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B)-dependent signal transduction in angiogenic endothelial cells, we constructed an alpha v beta 3 integrin specific adenovirus encoding dominant negative I kappa B (dnI kappa B) as a therapeutic gene. By virtue of RGD modification of the PEGylated virus, the specificity of the cell entry pathway of adenovirus shifted from coxsackiadenovirus receptor dependent to alpha v beta 3 integrin dependent entry. The therapeutic outcome of delivery of the transgene into endothelial cells was determined by analysis of cellular responsiveness to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Using real time reverse transcription PCR, mRNA levels of the cell adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, the cytokines/growth factors IL-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 were assessed. Furthermore, levels of ICAM-1 protein were determined by flow cytometric analysis. RGD-targeted adenovirus delivered the dnl kappa B via alpha v beta 3 to become functionally expressed, leading to complete abolishment of TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, IL-8, VEGFA and Tie-2. The approach of targeted delivery of dnl kappa B into endothelial cells presented here can be employed for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease where activation of NF-kappa B activity should be locally restored to basal levels in the endothelium.

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The presented research addresses the question of how to bridge the divide between academic research and industry in the domain of by investigating aspects of computational design , robotic fabrication and their impact on practice via a series of experiments and case studies. Research sub-questions related to the architectural model , geometry and implicit fabrication are investigated in relation to topology optimization, robotic hotwirecutting, and robotic hot-blade cutting...

The presented research on Immediate Systems in Architecture (IS-A) is an attempt to afford a better human-technology match in architecture, pursuing a state of immediacy where humans can simultaneously use and design, apply and amend the technical system they engage with.The thesis contains both theoretical and experimental contributions on IS-A. Initially, the notion of Immediate Systems (IS) is introduced and framed. IS offer interaction in the style of direct manipulation, embed design and implementation in situations of use, and overcome limitations of remote design. IS are related to psychological concepts and described through the lens of Gibson’s Theory of Affordances. Characteristics and conditions of IS are distilled from the presentation and discussion of a series of examples.The application of IS in architecture is approached from three angles. First, from the lived perspective of a user-designer, as adhocist mode of action. Second, from the methodology and technology, as accelerated design transfer. Third, in an ecological perspective, as human-architecture symbiosis. Each of these readings is hypothesized to be more feasible by implementing IS-A as Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems (HiLCPS).Following the method of research by design, prototypes were developed in a series of experiments. The experiments result in multiple tools for real-time multi-directional volumetric design exploration that allows users to interactively model and ad-hoc reconceptualize parametric geometry, topology and components of architectural assemblies. A combination of these tools with digital fabrication and interactive building components lead to the most encompassing IS-A prototype, an attempt to realize an open-ended building system that joins simultaneous design, adaptation, construction and reconfiguration as interaction possibilities embedded in the built environment.

With increasing advancements in information and manufacturing technologies, there is an ever‑growing need for innovative integration and application of computational design and robotic fabrication in architecture. Hybrid Intelligence in Architectural Robotic Materialization (HI-ARM) provides methods and frameworks that target this need. HI-ARM introduces methodologies and technologies that incorporate computational, fabrication and material intelligence in integrated design-to-robotic-production workflows. The intelligence is explored at multiple architectural scales (Macro, Meso, Micro) through hybridization of building processes or multi-mode robotic production and multi-materiality.Porosity, Hybridity, and Assembly are introduced as main constituents for materialization frameworks relying on computational design and robotic production. These are tested in a series of original experiments that are presented in this thesis together with four peer-reviewed published papers discussing the process of developing integrated design-to-production methodologies in detail. The contributions show how both architectural materialization processes and building products can be customized in different phases and scales. Moreover, the developed discourse and definitions address the impacts of this research through the lenses of computation and automation in research, education, and practice in the fields of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction.

This pioneering research focuses on Biomimetic Interactive Architecture using “Computation”, “Embodiment”, and “Biology” to generate an intimate embodied convergence to propose a novel rule-based design framework for creating organic architectures composed of swarm-based intelligent components. Furthermore, the research boldly claims that Interactive Architecture should emerge as the next truly Organic Architecture. As the world and society are dynamically changing, especially in this digital era, the research dares to challenge the Utilitas, Firmitas, and Venustas of the traditional architectural Weltanschauung, and rejects them by adopting the novel notion that architecture should be dynamic, fluid, and interactive. This project reflectsa trajectory from the 1960’s with the advent of the avant-garde architectural design group, Archigram, and its numerous intriguing and pioneering visionary projects. Archigram’s non-standard, mobile, and interactive projects profoundly influenced a new generation of architects to explore the connection between technology and their architectural projects. This research continues this trend of exploring novel design thinking and the framework of Interactive Architecture by discovering the interrelationship amongst three major topics: “Computation”, “Embodiment”, and “Biology”. The project aims to elucidate pioneering research combining these three topics in one discourse: “Bio-inspired digital architectural design”.

The study of dynamic spatial and social phenomena in cities has evolved rapidly in the recent years, yielding new insights into urban dynamics. This evolution is strongly related to the emergence of new sources of data for cities (e.g. sensors, mobile phones, online social media etc.), which have potential to capture dimensions of social and geographic systems that are difficult to detect in traditional urban data (e.g. census data). However, as the available sources increase in number, the produced datasets increase in diversity. Besides heterogeneity, emerging social urban data are also characterized by multidimensionality. The latter means that the information they contain may simultaneously address spatial, social, temporal, and topical attributes of people and places. Therefore, integration and geospatial (statistical) analysis of multidimensional data remain a challenge. The question which, then, arises is how to integrate heterogeneous and multidimensional social urban data into the analysis of human activity dynamics in cities?To address the above challenge, this thesis proposes the design of a framework of novel methods and tools for the integration, visualization, and exploratory analysis of large-scale and heterogeneous social urban data to facilitate the understanding of urban dynamics. The research focuses particularly on the spatiotemporal dynamics of human activity in cities, as inferred from different sources of social urban data. The main objective is to provide new means to enable the incorporation of heterogeneous social urban data into city analytics, and to explore the influence of emerging data sources on the understanding of cities and their dynamics.In mitigating the various heterogeneities, a methodology for the transformation of heterogeneous data for cities into multidimensional linked urban data is, therefore, designed. The methodology follows an ontology-based data integration approach and accommodates a variety of semantic (web) and linked data technologies. A use case of data interlinkage is used as a demonstrator of the proposed methodology. The use case employs nine real-world large-scale spatiotemporal data sets from three public transportation organizations, covering the entire public transport network of the city of Athens, Greece.To further encourage the consumption of linked urban data by planners and policy-makers, a set of webbased tools for the visual representation of ontologies and linked data is designed and developed. The tools – comprising the OSMoSys framework – provide graphical user interfaces for the visual representation, browsing, and interactive exploration of both ontologies and linked urban data.After introducing methods and tools for data integration, visual exploration of linked urban data, and derivation of various attributes of people and places from different social urban data, it is examined how they can all be combined into a single platform. To achieve this, a novel web-based system (coined SocialGlass) for the visualization and exploratory analysis of human activity dynamics is designed. The system combines data from various geo-enabled social media (i.e. Twitter, Instagram, Sina Weibo) and LBSNs (i.e. Foursquare), sensor networks (i.e. GPS trackers, Wi-Fi cameras), and conventional socioeconomic urban records, but also has the potential to employ custom datasets from other sources.A real-world case study is used as a demonstrator of the capacities of the proposed web-based system in the study of urban dynamics. The case study explores the potential impact of a city-scale event (i.e. the Amsterdam Light festival 2015) on the activity and movement patterns of different social categories (i.e. residents, non-residents, foreign tourists), as compared to their daily and hourly routines in the periods before and after the event. The aim of the case study is twofold. First, to assess the potential and limitations of the proposed system and, second, to investigate how different sources of social urban data could influence the understanding of urban dynamics.The contribution of this doctoral thesis is the design and development of a framework of novel methods and tools that enables the fusion of heterogeneous multidimensional data for cities. The framework could foster planners, researchers, and policy makers to capitalize on the new possibilities given by emerging social urban data. Having a deep understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of cities and, especially of the activity and movement behavior of people, is expected to play a crucial role in addressing the challenges of rapid urbanization. Overall, the framework proposed by this research has potential to open avenues of quantitative explorations of urban dynamics, contributing to the development of a new science of cities.

Founded on the imperative to understand, evaluate and consciously decide about the use of digital media in architecture this research not only aims to analyze and critically assess computer-based systems in architecture, but also proposes evaluation and classification of digitally driven architecture through procedural- and object-oriented studies. It, furthermore, introduces methodologies of digital design, which in-corporate intelligent computer-based systems proposing development of prototypical tools to support the design process. Bijlagen op DVD in TU Delft Trésor collectie, TR diss 5272

In this PhD research a method and software prototype is developed for COLlaborative Architectural Design In VIRtual reality. The method consists of developing versions of a concept for a building and the evaluation of them with criteria. Every team member makes his own versions; otherwise they would destroy each others work. They can evaluate the versions with a criteria matrix that helps quickly find the main differences in opinion. The discussion should lead to a next version where advantages of earlier versions are integrated and disadvantages eliminated. On the final version they are working simultaneously in real-time. The main conclusions of the research are: 1. It appeared to be possible to develop a working software application prototype in Virtools with which a multidisciplinary design team can collaborate in a virtual 3D environment in real-time on the Internet. 2. Only the architect in the test team appeared to be able to develop a conceptual building design with this prototype within the limited time of twice half a day. 3. The advisors in the test team need training in developing and 3D modelling of conceptual building designs. Only after that they could be able to effectively participate in collaborative design of architectural concepts based on this method and prototype.

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