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2. High economic inequality is linked to greater moralization

Author

Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Gorenz, D, Blake, K, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Booth, R, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Kirkland K., Van Lange P. A. M., Gorenz D., Blake K., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Boonyasiriwat W., Booth R. W., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Fischer R., Friese M., Gómez Á., González R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Ilustrisimo R. D., Jiga-Boy G. M., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., Bastian B., Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Gorenz, D, Blake, K, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Booth, R, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Kirkland K., Van Lange P. A. M., Gorenz D., Blake K., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Boonyasiriwat W., Booth R. W., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Fischer R., Friese M., Gómez Á., González R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Ilustrisimo R. D., Jiga-Boy G. M., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., and Bastian B.

Abstract

Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization—that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life—as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as “disgust”, “hurt”, and “respect’). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people’s everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens.

Published
2024

3. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Author

Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., Bastian B., Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., and Bastian B.

Abstract

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.

Published
2023

4. Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries

Author

Kirkland, K, Crimston, C, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Crimston, CR, Amiot, CE, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Jiga-Boy, GM, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Suh, EM, Tong, EMW, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, CM, Wang, ZC, Yeung, VWL, Kirkland, K, Crimston, C, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Crimston, CR, Amiot, CE, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Jiga-Boy, GM, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Suh, EM, Tong, EMW, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, CM, Wang, ZC, and Yeung, VWL

Abstract

What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our 'moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness-that is, the size of people's moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.

Published
2023

5. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Author

Matthew J. Hornsey, Samuel Pearson, Jemima Kang, Kai Sassenberg, Jolanda Jetten, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Lucia G. Medina, Catherine E. Amiot, Liisi Ausmees, Peter Baguma, Oumar Barry, Maja Becker, Michal Bilewicz, Thomas Castelain, Giulio Costantini, Girts Dimdins, Agustín Espinosa, Gillian Finchilescu, Malte Friese, Roberto González, Nobuhiko Goto, Ángel Gómez, Peter Halama, Ruby Ilustrisimo, Gabriela M. Jiga‐Boy, Johannes Karl, Peter Kuppens, Steve Loughnan, Marijana Markovikj, Khairul A. Mastor, Neil McLatchie, Lindsay M. Novak, Blessing N. Onyekachi, Müjde Peker, Muhammad Rizwan, Mark Schaller, Eunkook M. Suh, Sanaz Talaifar, Eddie M. W. Tong, Ana Torres, Rhiannon N. Turner, Christin‐Melanie Vauclair, Alexander Vinogradov, Zhechen Wang, Victoria Wai Lan Yeung, Brock Bastian, Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Social Psychology, Amsterdam Sustainability Institute, IBBA, A-LAB, and Peker Booth, Mujde

Subjects
CONSEQUENCES, SDG 16 - Peace, Social Psychology, Psicologia social, conspiracy belief, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Conspiracy theories, Social Sciences, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Conspiració, Teories de la, Psychology, Social, conspiracies, Social psychology, Justice and Strong Institutions, GDP, Social representations, conspiracy beliefs, economic vitality, conspiracie, ORIGINS, political trust, Psychology, Representacions socials
Abstract

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis. WOS:000869285600001 2-s2.0-85132525534 Social Sciences Citation Index Q2 Article; Early Access Uluslararası işbirliği ile yapılan - EVET October 2022 YÖK - 2022-23 Ekim

Published
2022
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