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Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı çileğinin ana ebeveyn, yerel (Karaçilek, Tüylü, Deli) ve standart (Kabarla, Sweet Ann ve Sweet Charlie) çilek çeşitlerinin tozlayıcı olarak kullanıldığı ıslah çalışması sonucu seçilen elli iki adet F1 genotipi ve ana ebeveynleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen meyvelerde suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı (%), pH, titre edilebilir asitlik (TA) (%), toplam kuru madde miktarı (%), kül tayini, askorbik asit içeriği (mg/100g) ve toplam fenol miktarı (µg GAE/g ta) belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde SÇKM değerlerinin %5,80 ile %14,60; pH değerinin 2,69-3,90; titre edilebilir asit miktarının %0,58-1,79 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Askorbik asit en yüksek DB-119 genotipinde 55,61 mg/100g bulunurken, en yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı DC-42 genotipinde 3887,07µg GAE/g ta bulunmuştur. Meyve yapısının genetik faktörlerden etkilendiği ancak çevre koşularının etkileşimi ile meyve yapısında değişiklik olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda belirlenen kriterler incelendiğinde melez bireylerin ana ebeveynlerine yakın değer aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Aloe vera (AV) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on physiological and chemical quality attributes of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruit during the cold storage at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% RH. Throughout the storage, fruit weight and firmness losses were delayed with AV and MAP treatments. At the end of storage, the respiration rate of fruit treated with MAP was lower than the control and AV-treated fruit. Similarly, ethylene production of MAP and AV-treated fruit was lower than the control. At the end of storage, the highest hue angle was obtained from the control, whereas the lowest hue angle was measured in AV + MAP. Decay rate of AV and MAP-treated fruit was lower than the control. Vitamin C, total flavonoids, total monomeric anthocyanin and antioxidant activity of fruit treated with AV and MAP was higher than the control. The astringency of AV and AV + MAP-treated fruit was higher than the control at the end of storage. This study revealed that AV gel and MAP treatments were effective in maintaining quality and bioactive compounds of cherry laurel fruit.

This study was carried out to determine the physico-mechanical (geometric, volumetric, fricitional, fruit removal force, compression force and puncture force), colour and chemical properties (titratable acidity, soluble solid content and pH) of three cherry laurel genotypes (54 K 01, 55 K 07 and 61 K 04) cultivated in Turkey. The geometric properties such as geometric mean diameter and sphericity were found in the range of 13.3 to 17.4 for fruit, 8.3 to 9.6 mm for fruits pit and 6.1 to 6.9 mm for kernel of cherry laurel 54 K 01, 55 K 07 and 61 K 04 genotypes, respectively. 54 K 01 cherry laurel genotye had the highest volumetric properties such as bulk densit and true density for fruits, whereas, 55 K 07 genotype for stone had the least values among these three cherry laurel genotypes for these properties. 54 K 01 genotype had the highest colour values for L*, a*, and b* of fruits as 24.1, 16.2, 2.4 and its stone as 40.8, 11.2, 14.3 among three cherry laurel genotypes, 54 K 01 had the lowest L*, a*and b* values for kernel of cherry laurel fruits as 42.0, 7.7 and 12.9, respectively. The fruit removal force ranged from 0.38 to 0.59 N, whereas, the puncture force for X-, Y-, Z- axes from 0.39 to 0.75 N; from 0.37 to 0.65 N, from 0.39 to 0.55 N, among three cherry laurel genotypes, respectively. The static friction coefficient of cherry laurel fruit, its stone and kernels changed from 0.29 to 0.72 (fruit), 0.41 to 0.93 (stone), from 0.34 to 0.60 (kernel), respectively. The coefficient of friction of cherry laurel fruit, its stone and kernels were largely influenced by the friction surfaces studied, and highest values were found genotypes. It is important to determine physico-mechanical (geometric, volumetric, frictional, fruit removal force, puncture) and rupture force, colour and chemical properties of particular fruit, its stone and kernels for selected cherry laurel genotypes which may increase fruit quality, economic value for harvest and post harvest technologies. Therefore, these properties should be considered.

The goal of the study was to determine the differences in phytochemical components of mulberry (Morus laevigata) fruits at different stages of ripeness. In this study, the highest total phenolic (1310.3 µg gallic acid equivalents/g fresh weight) and anthocyanin (925.6 µg cy-3-glu/g fresh weight) contents and antioxidant capacity (12.8 µmol trolox equivalents/g fresh weight) were observed in black ripening stage. The major sugars in mulberry fruits were fructose (17.55 g/kg). It was determined that the main organic acid in mulberry was citric acid ranging from 8.97 g/kg (pink stage) to 5.80 g/kg (black ripening stage), followed by malic acid ranging from 0.31 (pink ripening stage) to 5.67 (black ripening stage) g/kg. Looking at the contents of phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid (average 27.48 mg/100 g) was found to be the predominant phenolic compound. Current study shows that M. laevigata fruits are a good source of healthy phytochemicals.

The effects of pre-harvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments on fruit quality attributes and bioactive compounds of sweet cherry fruits (Prunus avium L. cvs. 0900 Ziraat, Regina and Sweetheart) harvested at optimal and late harvest dates were investigated in this study. Measurements revealed that MeJA treatments were quite effective in retention of fruit flesh firmness of all three cultivars. It was observed that harvest could be delayed at least a week with MeJA treatments through maintaining flesh firmness. MeJA treatments slowed down color changes in all three cultivars. MeJA treatments did not have significant effects on fruit mass and geometric mean diameters, but decreased soluble solids content and titratable acidity of the fruits. In all three cultivars, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity and total monomeric anthocyanin values decreased with MeJA treatments. Delayed harvests increased bioactive contents of both the control and MeJA-treated fruits.

The aim of this study was to determine the strains of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) on the tomato plants growing intensively in Adana, Mersin and Antalya provinces and also investigate the transmissibility of virus by the vector B. tabaci biotypes in 2015 and 2017. For this purpose, unperiodical field observations were paid in different districts of those provinces. The TYLCV infected tomato plants and whiteflies on these plants were collected from different greenhouses and fields. The 747 samples of tomato infected with TYLCV were tested by PCR techniques. It was determined that the strains TYLCV-Israel, TYLCV-Sicilia, TYLCV-Sardinia and TYLCV-Mild were found to be infected via strain specific primers. PCR study also indicated that the same strains of TYLCV were also found on the whitefly samples collected from the infected tomato plants. DNA analyses by using specific primer Bem 23-F and R in an individual single whitefly, due to clarification of B. tabaci biotypes, has clearly showed that biotype B is a common vector of TYLCV in Turkey. Molecular techniques identified that Israel, Sardinia, Sicilia and Mild strain of TYLCV were present in three tomato cultivation areas in Mediterranean Region. B. tabaci biotype B (formerly B. argentifolii) was detected as a vector of those of strains. It was observed that (%92) B. tabaci Biotype B and (%8) Biotype Q others were responsible for transmission as vector of TYLC respectively. Individual viruliferous Biotype B samples examined in PCR showed that the most determined TYLCV strain as Israel was the most common among the strains, what were identified.

WOS: 000403635400021, The study was carried out to determine the effects of pre-harvest Parka and post-harvest MAP treatments on weight loss, decay ratio, color characteristics, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity-like quality parameters and vitamin C, total phenolics, total antioxidant capacity (according to FRAP and TEAC) and total monomeric anthocyanin-like bioactive compounds of '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry cultivar throughout cold storage and shelf life. MAP treatments significantly retarded weight loss throughout cold storage. Decay ratios throughout cold storage and shelf life were also lower in Parka, MAP and Parka + MAP treatments. In general, higher L*, chroma and hue angle values were measured in MAP and Parka + MAP treatments. As compared to control treatment, higher flesh firmness values were observed in Parka and Parka + MAP treatments at the end of storage and in Parka, MAP and Parka + MAP treatments in the last shelf life analysis (21st day). In cold storage and shelf life analyses lower SSC values were obtained from Parka and Parka + MAP treatments. Vitamin C contents were better maintained with MAP and Parka + MAP treatments. Total phenolics were higher in Parka + MAP treatments in all analyses of cold storage, but higher in control treatment in all shelf life analyses. In 21st day storage and shelf life analyses, antioxidant capacity (according to FRAP) of all treatments was lower than the control treatment. In all analyses, generally higher total monomeric anthocyanin contents were obtained from control fruits. It was concluded that combining pre-harvest Parka treatments with post-harvest MAP treatments could be used as an efficient tool in maintaining flesh firmness of sweet cherry fruits significantly influencing consumer preferences.

Antioxidants play an important role in animal and plant life owing to their involvement in complex metabolic and signaling mechanisms, hence uncovering the genetic basis associated with antioxidant activity is very important for the development of improved varieties. Here, a total of 182 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) landraces and six commercial cultivars collected from 19 provinces of Turkey were evaluated for seed antioxidant activity under four environments and two locations. Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS radical scavenging capacity and mean antioxidant activity in common bean landraces was 20.03 &micro, mol TE/g. Analysis of variance reflected that genotype by environment interaction was statistically non-significant and heritability analysis showed higher heritability of antioxidant activity. Variations in seed color were observed, and a higher antioxidant activity was present in seeds having colored seed as compared to those having white seeds. A negative correlation was found between white-colored seeds and antioxidant activity. A total of 7900 DArTseq markers were used to explore the population structure that grouped the studied germplasm into two sub-populations on the basis of their geographical origins and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity contents. Mean linkage disequilibrium (LD) was 54%, and mean LD decay was 1.15 Mb. Mixed linear model i.e., the Q + K model demonstrated that four DArTseq markers had significant association (p &lt, 0.01) for antioxidant activity. Three of these markers were present on chromosome Pv07, while the fourth marker was located on chromosome Pv03. Among the identified markers, DArT-3369938 marker showed maximum (14.61%) variation. A total of four putative candidate genes were predicted from sequences reflecting homology to identified DArTseq markers. This is a pioneering study involving the identification of association for antioxidant activity in common bean seeds. We envisage that this study will be very helpful for global common bean breeding community in order to develop cultivars with higher antioxidant activity.

Foram determinados os efeitos do tratamento em pré-colheita com aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG) nas propriedades bioquímicas, físico-mecânicas e características da cor da maçã ‘Braeburn’. AVG foi aplicado quatro semanas antes da data estimada de colheita, em quatro doses (0, 100, 300 e 500 mgL- 1). Enquanto os menores valores de sólidos solúveis totais e pH foram obtidos no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG, os maiores valores foram obtidos no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG. A acidez titulável foi maior no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG do que nos tratamentos 100 e 300 mgL-1. A maior atividade de fenólicos totais e antioxidantes na polpa e na casca da maçã foi obtida no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG, enquanto que o menor valor foi obtido no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG. Com o aumento das doses de AVG, a antocianina monomérica total foi reduzida. As médias geométricas diâmetro do fruto, massa do fruto, força de remoção de frutas, polpa e casca aumentaram com o aumento das doses de AVG. Os valores do ângulo da matriz de polpa e casca da fruta foram menores no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG.The effect of preharvest AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) treatments on the biochemical, physicomechanical properties and colour characteristics of cv. Braeburn apples were determined. AVG was applied in four different doses (0, 100, 300 and 500 mgL-1 AVG) 4 weeks before the estimated harvest date. While the lowest values of total soluble solid content and pH were obtained from 500 mgL-1 AVG treatment, the highest values were obtained from control. The titratable acidity was higher in 500 mgL-1 AVG treatment than those of the 100 and 300 mgL-1 AVG treatments. The highest total phenolic and antioxidant activity of both flesh and skin apple was obtained from control, whereas lowest value was obtained from 500 mgL-1 AVG treatment. With increasing doses of AVG, the total monomeric anthocyanin was reduced. The geometric means: fruit diameter, fruit mass, fruit removal force, flesh and skin firmnesses increased with increasing doses of AVG. The hue angle values of flesh and skin fruit were lower in control.

WOS:000318455200018 B. Ozturk, E. Altuntas, K. Yildiz, Y. Ozkan, and O. Saracoglu. 2013. Effect of methyl jasmonate treatments on the bioactive compounds and physicochemical quality of 'Fuji' apples. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):201-211. Recently, plant growth regulators have been used for various purposes in apples. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has significant effects on the physiology, postharvest biology, processing, and chemical composition of apples. In the present study, the effects of MeJAMeJa treatments on the physicochemical quality and bioactive compounds (total antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and total anthocyanins) of 'Fuji' apples were investigated. The following doses of MeJa were used: 0 (control); 1; 120; 2,240; and 4,480 mg L-1. The highest geometric mean diameter, fruit mass, flesh firmness and skin thickness were obtained from the 2,240 mg L-1 MeJA treatment. Fruits harvested from control trees exhibited the highest total soluble solids content (TSSC) and pH, whereas the lowest TSSC and pH values were obtained from the 4,480 mg L-1 MeJA treatment. The titratable acidity was lower in the control as compared to the other treatments. The total phenolics of the fruit flesh decreased with increasing MeJa doses. The highest total antioxidant activity for both the FRAP and TEAC of fruit flesh was obtained from the 1,120 mg L-1 MeJA dose. The total anthocyanin content was higher in the 4,480 mg L-1 MeJA treatment than in the other treatments. Hue angles for both the sun- and shade-exposed sides of the fruit skin and flesh were lower in the 4,480 mg L-1 MeJA treatment as compared to the other treatments. Apples without full color formation are sold at lower prices in markets, which results in significant economic losses for producers. MeJA may be used as an efficient treatment to promote color formation in apple species with weak coloring due to genetic and climate conditions.

WOS: 000313365900002, Six purple-black barberry accessions (Berberis vulgaris L.) were obtained from various sites in Sivas province of Turkey. Fruits were analyzed for their total phenolic (TP), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) contents and for their antioxidant capacity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and TEAC assays. Sugar and organic acid composition were also determined by HPLC. TP and TMA contents were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and pH differential methods, respectively. Variability between the accessions was not high. Variability among accessions was greatest for FRAP content (C.V. 17.9%); individuals ranged from 41.0 to 65.6 mu mol TE center dot g(-1) on a fresh weight basis. Variation among the accessions was also evident for TP, TMA, and TEAC values (C.V. 16.21%, 14.85%, and 7.13%, respectively). The major sugars of barberry fruits were glucose (8.84 g center dot 100 mL(-1)) and fructose (6.12 g center dot 100 mL(-1)) and dominant organic acids were malic (7.59 g center dot 100 mL(-1)) and citric (1.34 g center dot 100 mL(-1)). Within this limited study of six different accessions, chemical profile and antioxidant capacity of barberry fruits have rich source of natural antioxidant substances.

Several fruit characteristics were determined along with the total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacities (TAC) of eighteen Prunus cerasifera accessions previously selected from the Mediterranean region of Turkey and grown in Mut, Mersin, Turkey. Five cultivars (‘Can2’, ‘Cin’, ‘Havran’, ‘Ozark Premier’ and ‘Papaz’) from the same orchard were also included in this study. TP and TAC were determined by ferric reducing ability (FRAP) and trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. The accessions were found to be significantly different for all the characters tested. TP ranged between 136.8 (‘Ozark Premier’) and 583.1 (Selection No. 3) Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg fresh weight (fw) while FRAP and TEAC measurements of TAC ranged between 0.123 (Selection 33C 02) and 0.127 (Selection 31C 18) to 0.835 (‘Can 2’) and 0.420 (Selection No. 8) mmol TE/kg fw. The correlation analysis indicated that TP was significantly correlated with L and hue ° values of color measurements. While FRAP was found to be correlated with pH, no significant correlation was detected with TEAC. A notable variation among the green-fleshed P. cerasifera accessions was reported for TP and TAC and, P. cerasifera had comparable TP to other plum species while it did not have a good antioxidant activity.

Foram determinados os efeitos do tratamento em pre-colheita com aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG) nas propriedades bioquimicas, fisico-mecânicas e caracteristicas da cor da maca ‘Braeburn’. AVG foi aplicado quatro semanas antes da data estimada de colheita, em quatro doses (0, 100, 300 e 500 mgL- 1). Enquanto os menores valores de solidos soluveis totais e pH foram obtidos no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG, os maiores valores foram obtidos no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG. A acidez titulavel foi maior no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG do que nos tratamentos 100 e 300 mgL-1. A maior atividade de fenolicos totais e antioxidantes na polpa e na casca da maca foi obtida no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG, enquanto que o menor valor foi obtido no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG. Com o aumento das doses de AVG, a antocianina monomerica total foi reduzida. As medias geometricas diâmetro do fruto, massa do fruto, forca de remocao de frutas, polpa e casca aumentaram com o aumento das doses de AVG. Os valores do ângulo da matriz de polpa e casca da fruta foram menores no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG.

Recently, plant growth regulators have been used for multiple purposes in tree fruits. NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) and AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) have been widely used in apple fruit. NAA and AVG have been used to control preharvest fruit drop and improve the quality of fruit. In this study, the effects NAA (20 mgL–1), AVG (500 mgL–1) and control (non treatment) treatments on physical, chemical, colour characteristics and mechanical properties of apple (cv. Braeburn) were investigated. The higher length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, fruit mass, surface area, projected area, volume, fruit and bulk densities were obtained in AVG treatment. Total acidity, total soluble solid content and starch starch index were higher in control as compared to NAA and AVG treatments. Total phenolic content of the flesh apple was higher than the other treatments. While total antioxidant activities of skin and flesh fruit were higher in AVG according to FRAP method, total monomeric anthocyanin was lower in AVG as compared to the other treatments. AVG treatment generally had positive impacts on fruit removal force, skin and flesh firmnesses because retarding the fruit ripening.

Bu çalışmada, kısa ve nötr gün çilek çeşitlerinde farklı derim dönemlerinin meyve kalite özellikleri ve fitokimyasallar üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında iki günnötr (‘Fern’, ‘Kabarla’) ve dört kısa gün çilek çeşidi (‘Camorosa’, ‘Sweet Charlie’, ‘Rubygem’ ve ‘Festival’) kullanılmış olup meyveler üç farklı derim döneminde hasat edilmiştir. Hasat edilen meyveler gün-nötr çeşitler için 30 gün, kısa gün çeşitler için ise 15 gün aralıklarla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen meyvelerde en, boy, sertlik, meyve ağırlığı, titrasyon asitliği (TA), suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) ve pH gibi pomolojik ölçümlerin yanı sıra toplam antosiyanin, toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve antioksidan kapasitesi değerleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde hasat periyodunun gecikmesi ile fiziksel ve pomolojik özelliklerden en, boy, meyve ağırlığı, pH ve SÇKM değerleri düşerken, TA ve sertlik değerleri yükselmiştir. Ayrıca hem kısa, hem de gün nötr çeşitlerin sonraki derim dönemlerinde hasat edilen meyvelerde toplam antosiyanin, toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve antioksidan kapasitesi miktarlarında artış gözlenmiştir., In this study, the effect of different harvest period on fruit quality and phytochemical properties of short and day neutral strawberries was investigated. For this purpose, two day-neutral ('Fern', 'Kabarl') and four short day ('Camorosa', 'Sweet Charlie', 'Rubygem' and 'Festival') strawberry varieties were harvested at three different harvest period. Harvested fruits were analysed 15 and 30 days intervals for short and day-neutral varieties. Pomological analysis such as fruit size, firmness, fruit weight, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), pH and total anthocyanin, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were studied. Results of the present study indicated that fruits from later harvest periods displayed smaller fruit size, lower pH and TSS content but higher TA and fruit firmness. Also, both short and day neutral varieties have higher phytochemical content at later harvest period in terms of total phenolics, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity.

WOS:000276883000002 PubMed: 20548929 Several fruit characteristics of five loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) cultivars/selections grown in Dortyol, Hatay, Turkey were investigated in 2008. The cultivars/selections included 'Baduna 5', Guzelyurt 1, 'Hafif Cukurgobek', 'Ottaviani,' and Type 1. The characteristics evaluated included fruit weight, width, length, seed number and weight, flesh/seed ratio, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, acidity, total phenolic (TP) content, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power ( FRAP) assay. The analyses were conducted by three replicates, with 30 fruits in each replicate. The results indicated that there were significant differences among the cultivars, for all the traits tested. For example, 'Hafif Cukurgobek' and 'Ottaviani' had smaller fruits than others, although 'Hafif Cukurgobek' had heavier seeds. The flesh/seed ratio was the highest in Type 1, while 'Hafif Cukurgobek' had the highest pH and high soluble solids. 'Baduna 5' and 'Hafif Cukurgobek' had the highest acidity. The TP ranged from 129 ('Baduna 5') to 578 ('Hafif Cukurgobek') mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg fresh fruit (fw). 'Hafif Cukurgobek' also had the highest FRAP mean (12.1 mmol Trolox Equivalent (TE)/kg fw). The results suggest that loquat cultivars have a variable range of TP content and a relatively high total antioxidant capacity, which is crucial for human health.