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The physicochemical, rheological, aroma, and sensory properties of spreadable processed cheese supplemented with chia, quinoa, and teff seeds were evaluated. The changes in proximate composition, color values, rheological parameters, volatile profile, sensory, and microbiological properties of the cheese samples stored at 4 °C for 90 days were assessed. Significant differences in the initial contents of dry matter, protein, and fat were observed among the cheese samples. The pH was affected by the storage time and type of added pseudocereal. Moreover, the storage time and type of pseudocereal interaction affected the titratable acidity and color parameters of the cheese samples. The water-soluble nitrogen content increased slightly in all cheese samples during storage. The cheese samples supplemented with pseudocereals exhibited a pseudoplastic behavior. The consistency index of the cheese samples ranged from 2.277 to 2.550 Pa.sn, and the flow behavior index ranged from 0.528 to 0.665. The counts of total coliform and yeast-mold in all cheese samples were

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential application of buffalo milk in the production of Quark-like cheese enriched with probiotic cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. Compositional, physicochemical, textural, aromatic, and sensory attributes of the cheese samples prepared using different ratios of buffalo milk and cow milk were investigated. The results revealed significant differences among the analysed cheese samples with respect to the dry matter, fat and protein content. The cheese samples prepared using only buffalo milk had the highest contents of dry matter, fat, and protein compared to the cheese samples prepared using only cow milk. Titratable acidity of the cheese samples was in the range of 0.91 to 1.52 (lactic acid %), while the water-soluble nitrogen content varied between 7.88% and 11.22% during storage. Increasing the proportion of cow milk in cheese caused an increase in the L* and Hue colour values. The cheese samples prepared from buffalo milk showed the highest value for hardness, while the lowest hardness value was observed for cheese samples prepared using cow milk. All cheese samples had higher levels of acetic acid, butanoic acid, 3-methyl butanoic acid, and hexanoic acid compared to other volatile compounds. L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus counts during storage were in the range of 9.02-9.18 log CFU/g and 9.12-9.30 log CFU/g, respectively. The sour taste was determined to be dominant in all cheese samples, followed by the sweet taste. Creamy, cooked, and fermented flavours were the most prominent flavours in all cheese samples.

Assessment of the storage stability of betalains added to food during processing is crucial to estimate the shelf-life of colored food products and the potency of natural food colorants. The stability of beetroot betalains in yogurt during storage was evaluated in this study. Kinetic experiments were conducted at storage temperatures of 4°C, 10°C, and 20°C. The relationships were also determined between the betalain degradation and lightness ( L* ), redness ( a* ), and yellowness ( b* ). First-order kinetics was observed in the betalain degradation, and the changes in color parameters of the yogurt samples fitted zero-order kinetics. The activation energy required for the degradation of betalains and changes in L*, a* , and b * was found as 104.9, 67.6, 76.5, and 86.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The half-life period of the degradation of red beet betalains was found as 51.43, 30.91, and 4.54 days at 4°C, 10°C, and 20°C, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were also established for betalain content and color parameters. There was a decrease in betalain content and a* color value in the yogurt colored with a beetroot extract during storage. A significant positive correlation was found between pH, a* value, and betalain content in yogurt, while a significant negative correlation was found between betalain content and L* and b* values. Further studies need to be carried out to reveal the relationship between color parameters and natural pigments in food systems.

The aim of this study was to determine physical, chemical and sensory properties and volatile components of butter samples sold in Çanakkale. For this purpose, color, viscosity, refractive index, melting point, moisture % , total acidity % , acid degree value and fat content % of the samples were determined in eleven butter samples. Volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sensory properties of samples were determined by SpectrumTM method. There were significant differences among butter samples in terms of physical, chemical and sensory properties. Viscosity, refractive index, melting point, moisture, total acidity and fat content of the samples ranged between 45.40-62.0 cP, 1.3331-1.4672, 32.50-37.50 ˚C, 15.03-19.06%, 0.24-0.42%, 82-89%, respectively. Diacetyl, acetoin, acetic acid, hexanoic acid, butyric acid and δ-decalactone were major volatiles in butter samples. In addition, cooked, creamy, rancid and margarine-like were the characteristic terms developed by the panelists

Bu çalışmanın amacı bitkisel ve süt bazlı protein kaynakları kullanılarak peynir benzeri ürünlerin geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla, rennet kazein ve nohut unu kullanılarak üretilen peynirlerin bazı fizikokimyasal, mikrobiyolojik, aroma ve duyusal özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimler 60 gün depolama süresince incelenmiştir. Peynir örneklerinin uçucu bileşenleri gaz kromatogrofisi-kütle spektrometresi ile saptanmıştır. Peynirlerin duyusal özellikleri ise duyusal spectrum analizi metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, depolama süresince tüm peynir örneklerine ait L, Hue ve Chroma değerlerinde önemli bir değişim belirlenmezken, depolama süresine bağlı olarak sertlik, kırılganlık, sakızımsılık ve çiğnenebilirlik değerlerinde önemli düzeyde bir düşüşün meydana geldiği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, peynirlerin suda çözünür azot, toplam serbest yağ asitliği değerleri, toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri ve maya-küf sayılarında ise önemli bir artışın meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Süt bazlı protein kaynağı kullanılarak üretilen peynirlerde hekzanal, 2-heptanon, 2-etil hekzanol ve oktanoik asit; bitkisel protein bazlı peynirlerde ise asetik asit, p-simen, γ-terpinen, linalool ve timol yüksek konsantrasyonda belirlenen aroma maddeleridir. Süt proteini bazlı peynir benzeri üründe tatlı, tuzlu ve ekşi tatlar ile birlikte kremamsı ve kazein aromalarının yüksek yoğunlukta olduğu belirlenirken bitkisel protein bazlı peynir benzeri üründe ise tuzlu tat ile baharat ve hububat aromalarının yüksek yoğunlukta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Her iki peynir benzeri ürünün duyusal nitelikler açısından kabul edilebilir olduğu saptanmıştır.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in physical, chemical and sensory properties of the kasar cheese and its processed and analogue types during 90-day storage. Aroma-active compounds in the cheeses were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry. Sensory properties of the cheeses were determined by descriptive sensory analysis. Differences in basic composition of the cheeses were found. There were also significant differences among the cheeses in terms of meltability, oil separation index, L* and a* values. Whey, cooked, creamy and fermented were the most intense sensory descriptors in the cheeses analyzed on days 1 and 30. However, waxy and animal intensities were much higher in analogue cheese than others. 18 aroma-active compounds were determined in the cheeses during 90 day storage. Diacetyl, acetic acid, butyric acid, 2-/3-methyl butyric acid, 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline, b-ionene, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, maltol, p-cresol, sotolon, d-decalactone and g-dodecalactone were some of the characteristic aroma-active compounds. Kasar cheese was the most liked cheese while analogue cheese was the least liked cheese by consumers

In this study, functional fruit beverages were produced by mixing whey with fruit concentrates (apple and cherry) or pulp (apricot) at certain amounts, and some physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of the beverages were revealed during storage. While the highest total phenol content and antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were determined in beverages with cherry juice, TEAC values of the products changed based on fruit types used in the beverages during storage. In addition, it was determined that fruit type had significant effect on acidity, invert sugar, total sugar and total phenol of beverages. Beverage with apricot pulp was the most liked product by consumers.