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Der Begriff Dao ist ein Kernbegriff des Daodejing (道德经). Seine ontologische Bedeutung wandelt sich in der deutschen Übersetzung von seiner ursprünglichen Bedeutung im chinesischen Originaltext. In diesem Wandel zeigt sich eine Veränderung der Interpretation des Dao in den verschiedenen Epochen. Diese Veränderung präsentiert nicht nur einen Wandel auf sprachlicher Ebene, sondern auch einen geistigen Entwicklungsprozess, der einen historischen Übergang von der theologischen Ontologie zur philosophischen Ontologie darstellt. In gewisser Weise spiegelt dieser Wandel von der theologischen Ontologie zur philosophischen Ontologie die Entwicklung der deutschen Geistesgeschichte wider.

Over the last thirty years, In the field of digital philology, several generic IT tools have been developed to produce digital scholarly editions (DSE). However, the majority of DSEs continue to be produced using custom-developed tools. This trend is unsustainable, but it is because generic tools are often less usable, difficult to customize, and unsuitable for the scientific objectives of scholars. The scientific community has been exploring how to create flexible and effective tools for digital philology. Two main responses have emerged in the literature: the need for shared editorial models that represent philologists’ desiderata, and the adoption of software engineering practices to produce more robust, durable, and easily maintainable tools. This article presents a modeling strategy that considers both perspectives and is based on the creation of a network of editorial models, each one theoretically framed within the philological approach in which it has emerged. The editorial models, formalized as ontologies, can be applied as conceptual models to determine the logical organization and functioning of a tool for digital philology, thanks to the principles of domain-driven design.

Social Impact Assessment's incorporation into neoliberal management systems did not enhance their capacity to actually respond to social impacts. Efforts to integrate 'social' and 'environmental' assessments largely assumed that Social Impact Assessment rightfully belonged to key practitioners (professionals, academics, and corporate and government decision-makers). This article advocates rethinking ontological foundations for a different sort of Social Impact Assessment. It starts from an understanding that the social domain is always and inescapably connected across scales from the microbial, through the global to the cosmological. Building from experience working with Indigenous peoples, it recognizes that although ontological separation of social, environmental and other categories of impact assessment may well facilitate project approval, it also renders industrial systems deaf and blind to many of the most pressing risks facing coupled human and natural systems at multiple scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VocBench is a platform for the development and maintenance of thesauri, ontologies, and lexicons. The platform is used by the EU and other companies and offers an active community and technical support. The article describes the concept of the tree structure in VocBench, which only displays concepts that belong to selected schemas. Various actions are offered in the concept tree widget, and the concept view provides information about types, schemas, broader concepts, and properties of a concept. VocBench also offers alternative user interfaces and graph views. The platform enables knowledge sharing and collaboration with other users. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education is the property of Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Résumé: Cette recherche examine comment les individus se connectent à la nature et comment différentes perceptions de continuité ou de discontinuité avec des non-humains influencent leurs habitudes de consommation. En s'appuyant sur la remise en question de la distinction traditionnelle entre nature et culture proposée par Descola en 2005, cette étude met à l'épreuve empiriquement le concept d'« hybridité ontologique » introduit par les auteurs. A l'aide de données qualitatives recueillies auprès de 25 consommateurs, l'analyse révèle le processus par lequel des ontologies non-naturalistes pénètrent l'ontologie dominante, qui sert d'arrière-plan critique à ces infiltrations. Sous l'impulsion d'événements déclencheurs, ces infiltrations produisent des ontologies hybrides à l'origine de changements dans les pratiques de consommation. Nous discutons les perspectives offertes par ces infiltrations ontologiques pour le marketing et la société dans son ensemble. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synthesis Philosophica is the property of Croatian Philosophical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Kurzfassung: Die sprunghaft zunehmende Wichtigkeit von FAIR‐ und Open‐Data für die Qualitätssicherung, aber auch für die Nachnutzbarkeit von Daten und den Erkenntnisfortschritt führt zu enormem Handlungsbedarf in Forschung und Entwicklung. Damit verbunden laufen derzeit vielfältige, ambitionierte Aktionen, z. B. bezüglich der Erstellung von Ontologien und Wissensgraphen. Das Knowhow entwickelt sich rasant, die Ansätze zur Implementation entstehen in verschiedenen Fachwelten bzw. mit unterschiedlichen Zielsetzungen parallel, so dass recht heterogene Herangehensweisen resultieren. Diese Veröffentlichung fokussiert auf Arbeiten, die derzeit als möglichst ganzheitlicher Ansatz für Materialdaten im Rahmen der Digitalisierungsinitiative „Plattform MaterialDigital" vorangetrieben werden. Die Autoren bearbeiten baustoffbezogene Aspekte im Verbundprojekt „LeBeDigital ‐ Lebenszyklus von Beton". Zielsetzung ist die digitale Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens von Beton über den kompletten Herstellungsprozess eines Fertigteils mit einer Integration von Daten und Modellen innerhalb eines Workflows zur probabilistischen Material‐ und Prozessoptimierung. Es wird über die Vorgehensweise und die dabei gewonnenen Erfahrungen berichtet, nicht ohne den Blick auf die oft unterschätzte Komplexität der Thematik zu lenken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherche et Applications en Marketing (Sage Publications Inc.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La multiplicación de las dimensiones de la realidad acarrea consigo una serie de posibilidades que han permitido reproducir dinámicas humanas del mundo físico en ámbitos no contemplados con anterioridad. La realidad virtual se configura como el nivel de más significación actual para replantearse lo que es el ser humano, lo cual hace que esta funja como una potencialidad ontológica sin parangón. Sin embargo, su amplitud trae consigo una amplia serie de dificultades, que cuestionan las bases ontológicas de la constitución del ser humano y la manera cómo sea dado a lo largo de la historia la interacción entre los individuos. Estas potencialidades recrean amenazas que patentizan la fragilidad del sujeto. Es por ello necesario reflexionar sobre estas dificultades, analizando las características que la virtualidad recrea y cómo funciona en la construcción de la identidad personal y la autoconcepción del individuo. Aceptar que lo virtual constituye también una dimensión de la realidad humana que extiende sus características y que influye severamente en la transformación de su ontología permitirá descubrir nuevos caminos de reflexión y análisis que alejen las amenazas que buscan socavar lo humano y, ante su fragilidad, se presenten como herramientas para continuar trabajando en la igualdad y la dignidad de cada individuo.

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This article examines Tristan Tzara's innovative art critical writing of the 1940s and shows how the poet's engagement with European avant-garde painting developed ideas that shaped Paris Dada during the 1920s. Focusing on essays about Joan Miró and Paul Klee, it is argued that Tzara employed an unorthodox language for writing about art and promoted a distinctive style of art critical prose poetry. His approach to art criticism is shown to raise specific issues about attention by problematizing how audiences might have regard to words, sounds, and pictures simultaneously. Taking his cue from the distinctive ontologies he finds in works by Miró and Klee, Tzara uses language to perform with painting rather than conveying ideas about it. In a distinctive linguistic performance that borders on music, Tzara's art critical prose poems are seen to mobilize elements of language and visual art in non-hierarchical, undirected ways, thereby prompting a complex phenomenological exercise in attention. Cet article examine les essais critiques sur l'art que Tristan Tzara a écrit pendant les années quarante et montre comment l'engagement du poète avec la peinture d'avant-garde européenne lui a fourni l'occasion de développer des idées qui ont façonné les débuts de Paris Dada. En se concentrant sur des essais sur Joan Miró et Paul Klee, il est soutenu que Tzara a créé un langage peu orthodoxe pour écrire sur l'art et a promu un style distinctif de poésie en prose critique. Cette façon d'aborder la peinture soulève des questions spécifiques sur l'attention en problématisant la manière dont le lecteur pourrait considérer simultanément les mots, les sons et les images. S'inspirant des ontologies distinctives qu'il trouve dans les œuvres de Miró et de Klee, Tzara utilise le langage pour jouer avec la peinture plutôt que de transmettre des idées à son sujet. Dans une performance linguistique distinctive qui frôle la musique, les poèmes en prose critique de Tzara mobilisent des éléments du langage et de l'art visuel de manière non hiérarchique et non dirigée, provoquant ainsi un exercice phénoménologique complexe de l'attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TraHs - Trayectorias Humanas Trascontinentales is the property of Universite de Limoges and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Johann Michel’s Homo Interpretans aims at giving an account of the common ground to the question of interpretation, in a general sense covering ordinary as well as scholarly practices and conceptions, and to the question of philosophical anthropology. Important aspects of Ricoeur’s philosophy are also discussed throughout the book. The author’s thesis is that interpretation takes place whenever an understanding of the world is missing, be it on an ordinary way or in a more elaborate relationship to knowledge. This common ground gives rise to an interpretive anthropology which rearticulates the connection between philosophical discourse, the human and social sciences, and hermeneutics. Finally, the universality of homo interpretans is discussed as it relates to this project of reformulating hermeneutics and the difference between the more ordinary, exploratory level of interpretation and the level of interpretations institutionalized in human and social sciences.

This article points out some methodological difficulties in Time and Narrative. On the one hand, the imbalance in the re-elaboration of the mimetic model: the extensive treatment of the configurative and the refigurative components contrasts with the indeterminacy which remains in the prefigurative component. On the other hand, there is a discontinuity between narrative refiguration and the hermeneutics of historical consciousness. A certain ambiguity of the “ontological” allows for the integration of the hermeneutics of historical consciousness and the prefigurative dimension of action. By limiting the scope of refiguration in this way, the poetic circle operates solely within the hermeneutic circle. The connectors of historical time and the theory of the act of reading are also related to the hermeneutics of action. Thus an alternative view of Time and Narrative emerges, where narrative ceases to be the main axis, and where praxis gives full meaning to the hermeneutic reflection, and thereby to the experience of time.

Z pozice filosofie vědy a techniky se nejprve zabýváme otázkou, co znamenají nanotechnologie v rámci evoluce technologií. Jejich mimořádný význam primárně vidíme v tom, že jsou technologiemi samotného života. Dále vysvětlujeme, že nanoúroveň je doménou, kde se kříží zákonitosti kvantové a klasické newtonovské fyziky. Z této pozice vycházíme při hledání odpovědi na otázku, za jakých podmínek mění zmenšování věci také jejich funkční podstatu. Na příkladu debaty Drexler vs. Smalley demonstrujeme paradigmatickou nesouměřitelnost obou perspektiv a fyzikálně-chemické a inženýrské limity nanotechnologií. Zvažujeme, nakolik jsou reálná nebezpečí a etické implikace vycházející z Drexlerových úvah, ať už se jedná o tzv. „grey goo“ problém nebo molekulární výrobu. Jako závažnější hodnotíme vybrané problémy spojené se syntetickou biologií. Text zakončujeme úvahou, že pro lidskou civilizaci by mělo být existenční výzvou přemýšlet o možnostech nanotechnologií k rozvíjení života.

In claiming to shed new light on madness that is psychosis, existential analysis (Daseinsanalyse) comes up against a fundamental methodological objection: is it phenomenologically possible to penetrate and describe the world of madness? In other words, if we recognize the gap of mutual incomprehension that separates psychotics and non-psychotics, should we not give up the Husserlian path of exploration of madness, based on transcendental reflexion? But in this case, is a phenomenology of psychoses still possible and how? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Logical Investigations, Husserl accounts for the ideal identity of signification by construing it as the ideality of a species as opposed to the reality of its instances. This article discusses this ontological model and shows that it represents an indirect but perfectly consistent answer to the problem of universals. The originality of this conception is captured in two ways: first, with Husserl himself, who sees it at the junction of two definitions of the universals which are traditionally considered as incompatible (ante rem, in re). Second, in the light of contemporary debates on the problem of universals in analytic metaphysics, it appears that by means of a complex theory of relations, Husserl’s conception seeks to combine a realism about universals with a particularism which anticipates the nominalist trope theory. At each stage, the clarification of the difficult question of Husserl’s “Platonism” is at stake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As discussions about global citizenship continue apace, the contours of the conversation continue to retrace notions of cosmopolitanism first laid out in Europe. The Kyoto School stands as a highly original, creative, and challenging response to European philosophy, one that has long contemplated the complexities of cosmopolitanism. In resisting the ontologizing of autonomous individualism and abstract universalism, Kyoto School thinkers offered an alternative tripartite structure that drew greater attention to the specific (nation-state). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Jason Schwartz's two books so far, A German Picturesque (J998) and John the Posthumous (2013), have garnered very little criticism, which is no wonder if as stated by Ben Marcus in his foreword to A German Picturesque, Schwartz's fiction "slips from apprehension" written as it is in "aphasic English cleansed of obvious meaning" (A. German Picturesque viii, ix). The overly descriptive nature of the prose might in part account for this, lending the books ekphrastic contours that deprive them of properly narrative contents. Yet, far from making Schwartz's books more transparent or immediate, this ekphrastic bias rather tends to obfuscate the texts, frustrating the reader's understanding as soon as the descriptive belies its own pretenses and artificiality. By radicalizing its ekphrastics, Schwartz's fiction enhances its own materiality, not to say ontology, and eventually foregrounds its brokenness, as it were. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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L’expression de « greffe de l’herméneutique sur la phénoménologie » utilisée par Ricœur a souvent été reprise pour caractériser la phénoménologie herméneutique ricœurienne ou aborder ces champs de la phénoménologie et de l’herméneutique à partir de l’exemple ricœurien. Or, on peut penser que cette expression a été mal comprise et, partant, a pu conduire à divers malentendus concernant l’approche ricœurienne dans son rapport à la phénoménologie et l’herméneutique. Si le terme de greffe induit et renvoie à une différenciation de deux méthodes et domaines, au sens d’une méthode et d’un domaine qui s’ajouteraient et complèteraient une autre méthode et un autre domaine, c’est moins la différence entre phénoménologie et herméneutique qui est engagée que celle entre une origine phénoménologique de l’herméneutique ricœurienne et le projet d’une anthropologie philosophique. Il est caractéristique que cette visée ne soit pas prise en compte par des critiques se réclamant d’un ancrage et d’une expertise soit en phénoménologie soit en herméneutique, révélant alors certaines limitations dans une approche de la philosophie ricœurienne.

La transformation numérique dans le secteur de la construction, axée sur le BIM, suscite un intérêt croissant pour la maintenance des bâtiments. Notre recherche vise à développer et valider une méthode de maintenance prévisionnelle basée sur un jumeau numérique du bâtiment, mettant l’accent sur les équipements énergétiques. Notre méthodologie comprend la création d’une ontologie pour organiser les données et leur intégration à l’aide d’une base de données orientée graphe (GDB). Cette approche améliore l’interopérabilité BIM grâce aux Linked Data et au développement des outils de maintenance prévisionnelle des installations énergétiques, incluant la détection et le diagnostic des anomalies (FDD). Une série de questions de maintenance a été identifiée pour valider l’approche, démontrant la capacité de l’ontologie à répondre à des questions complexes liées à la maintenance. Bien que la recherche présente des limites, notamment dans l’évaluation complète de l’efficacité de l’ontologie, l’implémentation de la GDB et les perspectives des méthodes de FDD laissent entrevoir des avancées prometteuses pour l’amélioration des processus de maintenance et d’exploitation des bâtiments.

L’architecture, l’ingénierie et la construction impliquent intrinsèquement des processus complexes, de multiples parties prenantes et des scénarios de prise de décision dynamiques. Le succès de tels projets repose en grande partie sur la circulation efficace d’informations précises et pertinentes auprès des diverses personnes impliquées. Cet article explore l’importance cruciale de fournir la bonne information à la bonne personne au bon moment. Dans ces projets, l’interopérabilité joue un rôle central pour garantir l’échange de données fluide à travers des plateformes et des canaux de communication divers. De plus, l’article examine la contribution des données liées à la personnalisation de la diffusion de l’information en fonction des besoins distincts des différentes parties prenantes, en tenant compte de facteurs tels que leurs rôles, leur expertise et leur autorité décisionnelle. Il aborde également les défis posés par la diversité des canaux de communication et suggère des moyens de les intégrer de manière harmonieuse dans un cadre cohérent. Les résultats initiaux montrent des améliorations prometteuses du flux d’information et de l’efficacité des projets, soulignant les applications pratiques et les avantages de la mise en oeuvre de données liées et d’ontologies dans les projets de rénovation.

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L'anthropologie sociale et l'archéologie ont longtemps été vues comme des disciplines-sœurs. Or, lorsque l'anthropologie sociale s'est emparée de la question des ontologies dès les années 1990, l'archéologie ne lui a pas emboîté le pas de manière aussi flagrante. Pour l'étude des arts préhistoriques, les approches ontologiques restent aujourd'hui peu nombreuses. En archéologie, ces tentatives font face à des défis méthodologiques majeurs qui tiennent, au point de vue de l'archéologue, à la matérialité des vestiges archéologiques, à la difficulté ou l'impossibilité de faire appel à l'ethnographie, à la polysémie des images, à la prégnance de la tradition de la représentation, et enfin au fait que les anthropologues peinent à apporter un cadre épistémologique unifié. Cette contribution propose de faire le point sur les approches ontologiques des arts préhistoriques, en proposant une petite histoire critique, suivie d'une étude des voies empruntées face « au challenge de l'altérité » (Moro Abadía et Porr, 2021). Social anthropology and archeology have long been seen as sister disciplines. However, when social anthropology has taken up the question of ontologies as early as the 1990s, archeology did not follow in such a blatant manner. For the study of prehistoric arts, ontological approaches remain few. In archaeology, such attempts face major methodological challenges, which relate to the archaeologist's point of view, the materiality of archaeological remains, the difficulty or impossibility of using ethnography, the polysemy of images, the pervasiveness of the tradition of representation, and finally to the fact that anthropologists have not yet provided a unified epistemological framework. This contribution proposes to portray and analyze past and current ontological approaches to prehistoric arts, by offering a short critical history, followed by a study of the paths taken to meet "the challenge of alterity" (Moro Abadía and Porr, 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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