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Copyright of Revista Signos is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is based on field data collected in September 2023 by the Toponymic Expedition of Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg). The research was conducted in several settlements along the Pomor coast of the White Sea in the Belomorsky District of Karelia, including Sumskiy Posad, Kolezhma, Lapino, and Belomorsk. The paper presents some of the expedition’s findings on how collective nicknames and related narratives reflect the region’s history, culture, and social, ethnic, and religious characteristics. The article examines the microsystem of local group nicknames used along a segment of the Pomor coast. These nicknames include repoedy from Shueretskoye, kochegary from Virma, meshchane and tserkovnye srali from Sumskiy Posad, lopari from Kolezhma, and tsari and vory from Nyukhcha. It also considers nicknames from inland villages near the Pomor and mainland border, such as repniki from Lapino, vshiviki from Korosozero, pisanye batogi from Pulozero, and lindushniki from Endoguba. The article notes the factors contributing to the prevalence of local names on the White Sea coast, particularly on the Pomor coast, compared to mainland regions of the Russian North and other traditionally agricultural areas. The study explores the motivations behind the nicknames that persist in the collective memory of the Pomor coast’s older residents (the expedition’s informants). It suggests explanations for several collective nicknames, describing the historical and sociocultural context in which and thanks to which they emerged, based on historical and ethnographic sources.

As the proper noun for geographical entities, place names provide an intuitive way to identify and access specific geographic locations, playing a key role in semantic expression and spatial retrieval. However, existing research has insufficiently explored the spatio-temporal derivation relationships of place names, failing to fully utilize these relationships to enhance the connectivity between place names and improve spatial retrieval capabilities. Therefore, this paper conducts research on the spatio-temporal derivation relationships of place names, defines them in a standardized manner, clarifies the boundary conditions and identification methods, and then constructs a spatio-temporal derivation network of place names for expression and uses this network to carry out reasoning research on spatial adjacency relationships. Experiments and results showed that using the theory and methods of this paper to identify the spatio-temporal derivation relationships of Canadian place names achieves an accuracy rate of 98.5% and a recall rate of 93.4%, and the reasoning results can effectively improve the accuracy of query results. The research enriches the theoretical framework of spatio-temporal derivation relationships of place names, solves the current problems of unclear definition and inability to automatically identify spatio-temporal derivation relationships, and provides new perspectives and tools for the application practice in the field of geographical information science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A main selling point of predicativism is that, in addition to accounting for predicative uses of proper names, it can successfully account for their referential uses while treating them as predicates, thus providing a uniform semantics for proper names. The strategy is to postulate an unpronounced determiner that is realised with names when they appear to function as singular terms, making them effectively a concealed determiner phrase. I argue against the thesis that names are really predicates in referential uses. I discuss four different environments where names do not behave like the determiner phrases that are thought to embed them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Berichte zur Wissenschafts-Geschichte is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking its starting point from Dipesh Chakravarty's Provincializing Europe and in particular European analytical concepts, this article argues that it is time to move beyond the diagnosis of "inadequate, but indispensable." I discuss three approaches that have been suggested for the development of analytical concepts for global history: the creation of equivalents across languages by the historical subjects; the identification of problems as a starting point to trace the language that has been developed to discuss them; and comparison. I then propose a strategy, based on Rolf Reichardt's semantic nets, but taking it beyond its reliance on words, and words in one language only. I argue that these revised semantic nets have the potential to allow us to both trace connections between languages and generate concepts for our analyses, if and when needed, which are not necessarily universal in claim, but transcend source concepts in individual languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of naming error patterns in aphasia provides insights into the cognitive processes underlying naming performance. We investigated how semantic and phonological abilities correlate and how they influence naming performance in aphasia. Data from 296 individuals with aphasia, drawn from the Moss Aphasia Psycholinguistics Project Database, were analyzed using a structural equation model. The model incorporated latent variables for semantics and phonology and manifest variables for naming accuracy and error patterns. There was a moderate positive correlation between semantics and phonology after controlling for overall aphasia severity. Both semantic and phonological abilities influenced naming accuracy. Semantic abilities negatively related to semantic, mixed, unrelated errors, and no responses. Interestingly, phonology positively affected semantic errors. Additionally, phonological abilities negatively related to each of phonological and neologism errors. These results highlight the role of semantic and phonological skills on naming performance in aphasia and reveal a relationship between these cognitive processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few-shot named entity recognition aims at recognizing novel-class named entities in low resources scenarios. Low resource scenarios contain limited data in the support set with sparse labels. Existing methods neglect the relevance of the support set to the task and the semantics of label naming. In this paper, on the basis of contrastive learning, we propose a multi-task learning framework CLINER for Few-Shot NER. We construct a mechanism for joint learning of label semantic information and support set information. For label support set information, we find a view in the support set that is most relevant to the current task, maximizing the utilization of each support set. Momentum encoder, a dynamic queue, is constructed to keep track of positive and negative examples learned from previous support sets, and keep it updated. For label semantic information, it is implied in the label naming and is derived explicitly by pre-trained language encoder. Experiments demonstrate that our model improves the overall performance comparing with recent baseline models, achieves state-of-the-art results on the commonly used standard datasets. The source code of CLINER will be available at: https://github.com/yizumi426/CLINER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most mediation systems use a caching policy in order to overcome their performance challenges. One of the most widely adopted strategies is known as semantic caching. Semantic caches are called so because they store the descriptions of all submitted queries. Although they may seem to be based on semantics because of their name, this is not really the case. In fact, they actually compare the syntax of the cached queries to the syntax of the new query to retrieve responses from the cache. This can lead to significant delays, especially if multiple requests are stored in the cache. In this work, we propose a new semantic approach based on ontologies to compute the semantic similarity between two given queries, and we provide also a new algorithm to filter all regions of the cache that do not semantically cover a user query. In this way, the use of the cache would be optimal and fast at the same time, despite the large number of regions in the cache. In fact, only the most beneficial regions will be processed to retrieve data from the cache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe and compare phonosemantic motivation in the English lexicon within a group of nouns expressing enthusiasm. From an emergent cognitive usage-based perspective (Bybee [2013], Traugott [2014] and Schmid [2020]), the lexicon is motivated by multiple motivational ties that are both syntagmatic and paradigmatic (see Booij & Audring [2018]), building a network of interconnected expressions of varying degrees of morphosyntactic complexity in the lexicon. The resulting structure is part of the larger constructicon of a language (Hoffmann [2017]), constantly evolving under the pressures of usage and changing networks of motivational ties. The phonological aspect of lexical items is an essential component in the makeup and the storage of words (Bybee [2013]). Diachronic lexical iconicity studies such as Flaksman [2017], [2020] suggest there is an iconic treadmill in place leading to loss of iconicity associated with regular sound change and semantic change. In order to test the iconicity within a set of words expressing enthusiasm this study carries out a lexicographic analysis followed by a diachronic corpus study of sixteen phonologically motivated expressions using the COHA and the OEC. Our study will focus on a dataset of nouns with iconic roots expressing , including rah-rah, gung-ho, zhuzh and pizzazz. The lexicographic analysis using the OED determines dates of emergence, etymological origins and semantic development of the expressions (also see Smith [2020]), and the COHA and the OEC corpora provide a distributional semantic analysis of the target words (Hilpert & Perek [2017]). The results show that there is some shared semantic space (i.e. similar collocational behaviour) amongst expressive nouns denoting , but frequencies and productivities vary. In addition, these nouns have strong diastratic (colloquial, slang) and diatopic properties (American English). This study illustrates that iconicity is tied to the global issue of competition and regulation within the lexicogrammatical continuum – the balance between innovation, creativity and expressivity on the one hand, and economy, stability and convention on the other hand (Goldberg [2019]).

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the manner in which a specialist dictionary, considered here a type of specialist text, may prove an applicable tool of knowledge reconstruction. It is suggested that the role of specialist terms is not delimited to mere denotations of concepts. Rather, terms included in dictionaries are approached as access points to conceptual structures and, as such, instantiations of specialist (specialists') knowledge. The paper seeks to account for the conceptual motivation behind the semantics of lexical items in the target domain of CLOUD COMPUTING and it is assumed that reconstructing a portion of specialist extralinguistic reality is facilitated through cognitively-motivated onomasiology. To that end, it is postulated that onomasiological CONCRETE-TO-ABSTRACT directionality may be lexicalised in dictionary entries through cognitively-motivated tools such as conceptual metaphors and image schemas. In the cognitive-linguistic view, our conceptual structure is organised through conceptual metaphors which may not be comprehended independently of their experiential basis. Therefore, the treatment of lexical items in this paper is cognitive-linguistic in spirit. Dictionary entries were checked for potential lexicalisations of cognitively-motivated onomasiology using the methodological apparatus offered by Pragglejaz Group's MIP metaphor identification procedure and Charteris-Black's CMA corpus approach to metaphor analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section illustrates and comments on the diffusion – over time and in the territory of Piedmont – of some family names that currently have their epicentre in the region. The article, dedicated to the Fauda type, continues the analysis of surname forms inspired by the clothing lexicon that we started in the previous issue. The study of variants and suffixed forms highlights the specificity of local semantic developments. The sheets present the etymon, meaning, historical documentation and distribution of surnames in the different provinces of Piedmont. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the new form of pseudo-language that has been proliferated due to the burgeoning use of Instagram. The scope of this paper is limited to neologisms of culinary domain or the nascent language of food traditions. The study is descriptive qualitative. Data comprises of 20 culinary neologisms taken from Instagram pages. The theoretical framework of the study is based upon An Onomasiological Theory of Word-Formation in English by Pavol Štekauer (1998). A detailed morphological and pragmatic analysis of selected items is done by keeping in view the postulates of onomasiology. The findings of the study affirm that fluidity is in the nature of language. Moreover, speech communities create new terms to satisfy their conversational needs. The study is significant in a way that it can contribute new coinages to English lexicon. Studying about neology enhances mastery over vocabulary. Furthermore, linguistic ingenuity is a vital skill that needs to be mastered by advertisers and marketers to augment the interest of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper targets the division of labor between borrowed English forms and heritage alternatives in Belgian-Dutch youth language. Through lexical semantic analysis of a youth-language corpus containing over 450,000 private instant messages, the choice for English or Dutch person-reference nouns (e.g. Eng. girlfriend, loser, sister; Du. vriendin, sukkel, zus) is studied at three levels of semasiological granularity. First, at the level of the semantic field as a whole, Dutch appears to have the strongest foothold, accounting for over 75 % of the types and over 85 % of the tokens referencing people. Second, coarse-grained semantic-feature annotation reveals that Dutch retains its dominant position in all identified semantic subcategories of person-reference nouns although some hubs of English are also attested. Third, an in-depth analysis of the selection between the near-synonyms sis, sister, zus, zusje and zuster in the corpus indicates socio-pragmatic differentiation between the English and Dutch terms, English being used more for (affective) address and for friends, Dutch being reserved for reference and for proper kin. Overall, our study indicates the potential of a three-tiered onomasiological approach: the results of the three case studies show both similarities, in the systematically stronger foothold of Dutch at all levels of analysis, and differences, in the semantic specialization for English progressively uncovered from the first to the third sub-study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has highlighted that the use of lexical borrowings is often accompanied by metalinguistic elements that have been analysed as flags or alterity markers. This paper aims to investigate the use of these markers from a usage-based perspective, focusing on their functions in communication. It will first be argued that lexical borrowings may pose certain challenges to recipient-language speakers; these challenges will be rephrased as features of reduced accessibility. The notion of reduced accessibility will be elaborated by commenting on both form-related aspects concerning the items' conformity with respect to the RL system (pronunciation, spelling, morphology) and content-related aspects concerning semantic transparency as defined in diachronic cognitive onomasiology. It will then be argued that in addition to the function of alterity marking, the markers also serve to enhance the accessibility of lexical borrowings. A revised categorisation of three types of relevant meta-information techniques will be proposed (flagging, metalinguistic comments, frame information). A survey on the use of recent anglicisms in French and Italian newspaper articles will reveal how the use of meta-information techniques can be seen as a strategy to communicatively negotiate and facilitate the use of borrowed items. Finally, implications of the usage-based approach to alterity marking and enhancing accessibility will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Статья посвящена образной номинации китайских национальных блюд. Цель статьи ‒ изучение китайских зооморфных гастронимов как фрагмента образной системы китайского языка, отражающих специфику китайской кулинарной культуры, национальные обычаи и традиции. Они относятся к лексическим единицам, отличающимся особой лингвокультурологической репрезентативностью. Образные метафоры – это не прямые, а иносказательные, картинные обозначения предметов (Карп-белка в кисло-сладком соусе, Голова льва), особых признаков (Медовый жабоплюй), действий (Салат старого тигра, Ослик-Кувыркашка), своего рода характеристики национальных блюд, возникших первоначально в устно-обиходной речи.Российско-китайские экономические и культурные связи имеют продолжительную историю и отличаются заметным развитием в последние десятилетия. Важное место в парадигме общекультурной компетенции любого специалиста занимает знание обычаев и традиций страны, этикетных правил поведения, в том числе и гастрономической культуры.

Merels (also called Nine Men's Morris) comprises a family of traditional board games with ancient roots. Between medieval and modern times, merels saw an interesting onomasiological shift: Several European languages took up a new name for the game. This new name is sometimes claimed to have originated in German, but the details surrounding this naming practice are still unclear. There are mainly two German groups of names for this game, the older names based on the number 9 (Neunstein, Neunten Stein, Neunermal etc.) and the younger based on the German word for "mill" (Mühle, Mühlspiel, Mühleziehen etc.). Relying on philological evidence (partly pulled from lexicographical data) this paper outlines the evolution of German terms for merels, focusing on the naming practices from the 15th to 17th century. Possible motivations of the name Mühle are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is a discussion of the latest volume of Noul Atlas lingvistic român, pe regiuni. Moldova şi Bucovina, published in 2022. Although the structure of the volumes published so far is preserved, we cannot ignore the technical novelties (the editing is done with the help of a computer-aided editing software, the result of the cooperation between dialectologists and computer scientists). The documentary material contained in this volume (relating to time, meteorology, relief, school, army, administration, trade) is interesting both for researchers in the fields of dialectology, history of the Romanian language, toponymy, ethnography, and for the general public. Referring to some of the maps in this volume, we have shown their importance for the onomasiological study of some terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Name matching plays a crucial role in big data and various integration applications, being indispensable when consolidating information from diverse sources. This encompasses tasks such as deduplication, data linkage systems, search engines, text and web mining, information extraction, and more. Discrepancies and anomalies in names, including syntax variations like abbreviations, typographical errors, occasional whitespace omissions, word insertions, deletions, and even multiple spellings for the same name, can lead to missed matches. In previous methodologies, a predefined penalty scheme was often employed for each differing character or multi-character token between two strings. This research introduces Name2Vec, an algorithm that addresses name matching using a neural network model to capture name semantics. This approach advances by suggesting a suitable feature set through the fusion of Name2Vec and character-based name representations. The empirical findings of this research confirm that this performance enhancement improves matching efficiency while simultaneously reducing misclassifications compared to state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bazı bilginlere göre insan topluluğu içinde oluşan ve gelişen dilin temel unsurunu kelimeler oluşturmaktadır. İnsanın duygu ve düşünce dünyasındaki anlamları gösteren birer sembol konumunda olan kelimelerin bu özelliğinin özel adlarda, özellikle de kişilere ait olan adlarda yoğun olarak görüldüğünü söylemek mümkündür. Kişi adlarının belirlenmesinde gelişigüzel hareket edilmeyip özen gösterildiği ve önem verildiği herkes tarafından bilinen bir gerçektir. Sözü edilen özenin ve gösterilen önemin yanı sıra kişi adı belirlenirken birtakım faktörlerin de etkili olduğu muhakkaktır. Söz konusu faktörler toplumdan topluma farklı olabileceği gibi benzer de olabilir. Bu makalede ilişki geçmişleri çok eskilere dayalı olan Türklerle Arapların İslam öncesi dönemde kişiler için ad belirleme konusunda etkilendikleri faktörler veya izledikleri yöntemler arasında ne gibi benzerliklerin bulunduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Coğrafi olarak birbirinden uzakta yaşayan ve ele alınan dönemde henüz herhangi bir irtibatlarının bulunmadığı tahmin edilen bu iki milletin kendi çocukları için isim koyma yol ve yöntemlerinde etkilendikleri faktörler bakımından aralarında benzerlikler bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Copyright of Slavica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wroclaw University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An onomasiological competition between lexical units, in which they compete to name a certain object (phenomenon, process, event, etc.), rarely attracts the attention of linguists, mainly due to an interdisciplinary nature of such research and the lack of a developed methodology for that. In this article, the author presents a case study of the onomasiological competition between constructions of otkryvat' butylku ('to open a bottle') and otkuporivat' butylku ('to uncork a bottle') during the 19th and 20th centuries and reveals sociocultural factors influencing the course and result of this competition. Based on this analysis, a few sociocultural scenarios that should be taken into consideration in research of various types of onomasiological competition are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to address the relation between semantics, pragmatics and the productivity of a low level lexico-grammatical construction, Have the N (body part/attitude) to ↔metapragmatic comment. The question posed is how semantics affects productivity, in the generative sense of extensibility of a construction (a form meaning pairing). The method identifies the specificity and variations of the Have the N (body part/attitude) to ↔metapragmatic comment construction within the pragmeme of politeness using the COHA. Hereafter, we consider how to measure the extensibility within the onomasiological frame based on the available pool of forms expressing an attitude/emotion, i.e., the coverage or attractivity of the Have the N to construction. The paper discusses the findings, namely, how to overcome methodological issues relating to a qualitative rather than quantitative approach to the constructional architecture and the relative productivity of constructions. The experimental small scale corpus study of Have the N to in the COHA suggests that a global view of constructional architecture at multiple levels should be pertinent to identifying the extensibility potential of the construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present ALMA, a new research project aimed at investigating the interaction between language and knowledge practices from AD 1100 to 1500. Our primary question is how Medieval Italian, French, Occitan, Catalan, and Spanish developed into languages of knowledge and scholarship (German Wissen(schafts)sprachen) in permanent opposition to and exchange with the predominant Latin (but also with Arab, Greek, and Hebrew). Focusing on two domains, medicine and law, the project combines linguistics, text philology, and the history of science with the Digital Humanities and ontology engineering. ALMA will create two multi-lingual, domain-specific text corpora by integrating text editions of hitherto unedited manuscripts and incunabula, and digitized printed editions. Our corpus-linguistic exploration of the ALMA corpora will provide the basis for lexical-semantic studies that analyze emerging knowledge networks and the depth of their linguistic representations. We hypothesize that language evolution and the development of more complex linguistic structures will allow for measuring the impact of knowledge practices on medieval vernacular languages. We will trace the dissemination of lexical material across languages, language varieties, cultural spaces, and periods. This will enable us to follow specific vernacular communication channels. We will use cutting-edge technologies to compile, publish, and share our findings, and to model them in the form of historicized ontologies and Linked Data. Our onomasiological, ontology-driven approach will result in the creation of domain models that can be re-used within the Semantic Web. This has great potential to be relevant for researchers from different disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research contributes to investigate a cultural continuity, particularly naming practice, in a homogenous Javanese community installing Petangan Jawa (Javanese Calculations). However, common Javanese slowly ignore it. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with fieldwork to investigate the intention behind the name. Therefore, two varieties of Petangan Jawa, namely, a calculation based on calendar properties and a calculation based on Javanese script values, are still consistently used. In addition, this study paves the way for future research on the causes of the gradual abandonment of Petangan Jawa among common Javanese and how the perspective of religious beliefs about Petangan Jawa is used to predict the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the research literature on regional dialect levelling is substantial (e.g. Williams and Kerswill 1999; Britain 2002; Watt 2002; Jansen 2019), this process is under-explored and under-theorised when it comes to patterns of lexical usage. Using maid as a case-study, in this article I provide a detailed account of processes of lexical levelling in Cornwall. I consider the usage of maid from two perspectives, that of onomasiology and semasiology. From an onomasiological perspective, maid, as a variant of the concept woman, exhibits socio-stylistic reallocation, with attested usages of maid in this study being limited to older speakers in careful speech styles. From a semasiological perspective, two senses of maid, 'woman' and 'female servant or attendant', have undergone structural reallocation in apparent-time with maid 'woman' being the prototypical sense for older speakers but a more peripheral sense for their younger counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adopts an onomasiological, alternation-based approach to the exploration of grammatical variation across World Englishes, using data sourced from the 1.9 billion-word Global Web-based English corpus. The macro-orientation of the study, which investigates a set of ten alternations known to be susceptible to diachronic change, facilitates identification of a number of general trends, including the typical advancement of the Inner Circle varieties and of the South-East Asian varieties, the hypercentrality of American English, and the epicentrality of Indian English in South Asia. Possible explanatory factors include colloquialisation, grammatical simplicity/complexity, developmental status, and areal proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conversation analytic study reports on Hebrew expressions such as ˈ ex korim le-ze 'how does one call it' and ma ha-shem she-la 'what is her name'. I term them 'Naming Interrogatives' (NIs), and offer an account of their forms and functions in word search environments. Most commonly, NIs are used to induce solitary word searches, in which the responsibility of solving the trouble is that of the repair initiator. However, they are also used to induce joint word searches, in which that responsibility is distributed among participants; or, to demand other repair, as tokens inducing recipient-directed word searches, laying the responsibility of repair solely on the recipient. Helping type-distinguish between these three functions are orderly patterns of action formation and turn design. Namely, the strategic deployment of morphosyntactic, lexico-semantic and prosodic resources with varying degrees of (semantic, discursive, acoustic) prominence. My analysis suggests that participants use NIs in order to saliently construct and negotiate their epistemic status and stance. It also claims that this practice reveals some of the social significance that demonstrating lexical knowledge has for participants. • 'Naming Interrogatives' are clauses consisting of an interrogative word and an item carrying the semantics of naming. • 'Naming Interrogatives' induce various forms of 'word searching', posing different levels of responsibility on recipients. • The design of 'Naming Interrogatives' helps participants display the degree of collaboration they want with a word search. • Using 'Naming Interrogatives', participants negotiate epistemic status. • 'Naming Interrogatives' help account for face discrepancies that may result of having trouble with lexical retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Languages & Literature / Magallat Gami'at Al-Anbar Li-Lugat Wa-al-Adabl is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have turned out to become a popular and powerful tool in the industry world, the major focus of most researchers has been only on adding more and more triples to the A-Boxes of the KGs. An often overlooked but important part of a KG is its T-Box. If the T-Box contains incorrect statements or if certain correct statements are absent in it, it can lead to inconsistent knowledge in the KG or to information loss respectively. In this paper, we propose a novel system, DOPLEX, based on Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL) to detect disjointness between pairs of object properties present in the KG. Current approaches mainly rely on checking the absence of common triples and miss out on exploiting the semantics of property names. In the proposed system, in addition to checking common triples, PSL is used to determine if property names imply disjointness. We particularly focus on knowledge graphs that are auto-extracted from large text corpora. Our evaluation demonstrates that the proposed approach discovers disjoint property pairs with better precision when compared to the state-of-the-art system without compromising much on the number of disjoint pairs discovered. Towards the end of the paper, we discuss the disjointness of properties in the context of time and propose a new notion called temporal-non-disjointness and discuss its importance and characteristics. We also present an approach for the discovery of property pairs that are potentially temporally non-disjoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of frame and reframing became the focus of researchers’ attention in social sciences in the 1970s. Within the context of linguistics, the concept of frame was referred to as a component of the mental lexicon. In this paper an attempt has been made to apply the concepts of frame and reframing to the analysis of the structural and semantic transformations in the language system with reference to the theoretical framework of onomasiology, which was developed in Russian linguistics. The aim of the study was defined as the analysis of the situation in reality, named as “Natural Disaster → Storm”, and its verbalization models in modern Russian and Turkish. Topic-related open access news archives of Russian and Turkish news agencies as well as Russian and Turkish National Corpora were used for defining models in the language pair. Descriptive linguistics and contrastive approach, which seek to describe the differences and similarities between two languages, were used for the model analysis in the framework of this study. Russian and Turkish naming patterns for the frame of “Natural Disaster → Storm” were described and analyzed. Due to the scope of the article, the frame analysis was limited to the categories of “Inception” and “Realization”. Reframing was described through the example of the perspective shift “Storm ↔ Space”. The contrastive study revealed both the differences and similarities in the naming patterns and reframing models in the language pair. The evidence from this study suggests that including the contrastive frame analysis in the process of the foreign language teaching and translation training is important for the development of the students’ predictability as well as their semantic awareness towards both the second language and the mother tongue. The paper suggests that future research should further explore the frames and reframing models in Turkish-Russian language pair and the findings should be used in the process of teaching foreign language and translation training.

I compare Stalnaker's early take on assertoric content with the one expressed in his recent book (2014). I discern in the latter some striking implications about the semantics of proper names and assertoric content's relation to semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify and analyse the main lexotypes for the notion 'Adam's apple' in Italian dialects. The comparative analysis of data collected by the Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland and the Italian Linguistic Atlas reveals a fair variety of expressions which in most cases are distributed in continuous and homogeneous areas. Generally, according to the main denomination models that distinguish the parts of the human body, these nouns are the result of redetermination processes or metaphorical associations, especially with the plant world. On the motivational level the most productive category refers to the roundness and protrusion of the Adam's apple, with interesting crossings with cultural references of biblical and popular origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article characterizes the mechanism of the secondary marking of verbal derivation, establishes the boundaries of semantically derived units in the nominative-derivative processes of the Old Ukrainian language in the written records of the 14th - 17th centuries. The suffixed word-formation of the verbal nominatives should be considered not only within the limits of semantics, but also in the onomasiological aspect of language and its connections with the structure of consciousness: thinking, mental functions, internalization of reality and feeling of the world, as well as in the mechanism of reflecting referents in the mentality and marking them in language system. Nominative processes determine the mechanism of interaction of reality, thinking and language inherent in a certain ethnic group. The suggested combined approach to research, in particular onomasiological with elements of the field and ideographic, which makes evident the two-vector analysis, from a thought to a word and from a word to a thought, in the research of the word-forming subsystem of the Old Ukrainian language in the linguistic conceptualization of the world, clarify the cognitive-discursive approach in the emergence of new nominative derivatives, which outline the relevance and the perspective of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pragmalingüística is the property of Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, Universidad de Cadiz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the role of metonymy in word-formation, specifically in naming extra-linguistic concepts. Its role is approached from an onomasiological perspective, i.e., the starting point in the analysis is the concept to be named. Within this approach, metonymy is seen as a cognitive process (in the dynamic sense) that is inherent in the act of coining any naming unit irrespective of its resulting form, as metonymy provides the perspective from which the concept is mentally accessed, and the morphological form is an outcome of the subsequent matching of the result of conceptualisation with a suitable constructional schema. This understanding of metonymy, however, does not lead to an unrestricted application of the term. The article suggests that if a consistent view of metonymy in coining words is applied, any formal restrictions on its use turn out to be irrelevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, which places itself within the field of Specialised Terminology, aims to give a general overview of the current state of crowdfunding terminology in the context of the European Union, by focusing on naming dynamics resulting into synchronic variation and short-term lexical change. Specifically, by adopting an onomasiological approach (Geeraerts 2002), the research aims to discuss how terminological choices through which crowdfunding-related concepts are conveyed by platforms to potential end-users at a relatively early stage of crowdfunding development can lead to ambiguity and hinder user engagement. To achieve the objectives of this study, the issue of terminological transparency is introduced by defining the concepts of variation and harmonisation; then, the concept of crowdfunding is outlined and the different models are roughly described; subsequently, crowdfunding-related concepts are identified and mapped in order to find the related terms in the corpus; finally, potential risks related to terminological variation are discussed in a terminological perspective by way of a pragmatic method (Geeraerts 2002). The corpus of analysis is comprised of terms extracted from the crowdfunding platforms registered to the European Crowdfunding Network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature Pyramid (FP) is typically a fundamental component for detecting multi-scale objects. However, as the network deepens, FP faces two problems: (1) Information loss caused by channel reduction. (2) The insufficient effective receptive field due to convolution with the sliding window mode. We found that the above problems can be alleviated by increasing the semantics extraction weights of the off-centered feature map. In this paper, a new feature pyramid architecture named Off-Centered Semantics Refinement Feature Pyramid Network (OSR-FPN) is proposed. Specifically, OSR-FPN contains two components exploiting the Off-Centered Semantics Refinement (OSR) mechanism: Features Supplement Module (FSM) and Receptive Field Enlargement Module (RFEM). FSM and RFEM are respectively designed to complement the lost context at the highest pyramid level and enrich the semantics by expanding the receptive field. In addition, we propose the Sigmoid-interpolation Padding method to enhance our OSR. Experiments on MS COCO dataset and UAVDT object detection benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. As a result, OSR-FPN achieves a better accuracy of complex object detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Attention-based BiLSTM neural network to classify kernel crashes by stack traces. • Kernel stack trace vectorization using function name semantics and offsets information. • Automatic find kernel bugs in enterprise Linux that have been fixed in upstream. Developers often classify crashes by stack traces to analyze, locate and fix kernel bugs. Existing stack-trace-based crash classification approaches rely on string matching and statistical features, which ignore crash semantic contexts and cannot explore high-order correlations. Deep-learning-based approaches use crash embeddings and output end-to-end features for classification. However, they ignore kernel-specific information, which limits classification performance. Regarding these issues, we propose abaci-finder, a deep-learning-based classification framework specific to Linux kernel crashes. We first model the kernel stack trace as a stack frames sequence and then perform stack trace preprocessing. Then, we propose a vectorization method specific to kernel stack traces, called kstack2vec, to extract features with consideration for function semantics and kernel-specific offsets information. Finally, we exploit an attention-based BiLSTM neural network for classification, with consideration for both frame context and key frames in traces. The experiments on the real Linux kernel crash dataset indicate that abaci-finder outperforms existing methods of crash classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Insāniyāt / Revue Algérienne d'Anthropologie et de Sciences Sociales is the property of Centre de Recherche en Anthropologie Sociale et Culturelle (CRASC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inter‐city association patterns can be embodied in many aspects, such as transportation, immigration, and the spread of diseases. Among these aspects, culture, as an important content of human society, is also a manifestation of inter‐city association. The recognition of inter‐city cultural association patterns plays an important role in understanding the spatial distribution pattern of culture. This article defines cultural eigenvectors to represent city cultural characteristics by mining the semantics of place names. On this basis, a cultural semantic similarity network (CSSN) is constructed to recognize inter‐city cultural association patterns. Meanwhile, the related algorithm is designed to discover the cultural spatial structures using China as a case study. Finally, four types of cultural hubs, four typical cultural belts, and 13 cultural circles are identified. This article not only recognizes the cultural importance and associations of Chinese cities, but also provides a reference for other city association studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a new approach to the analysis of the specific features of the onomasiological vocabulary of F. M. Dostoevsky and I. A. Goncharov in the typological aspect. The object of the study includes the poetics of the onyms of the main characters in the novels “Crime and Punishment” and “The Idiot” by Dostoevsky and “Oblomov” and “The Precipice” by Goncharov. The research rests on the methodological principles of mythopoetic, structural-semantic, and systemic-comparative analysis of the text. The typological approach to the poetics of the name in these works of the writers is determined by the specificity of their mythopoetic and philosophical thinking. At the heart of the artistic ontology and historiosophy, recreated in the novels, there lies the solar-chthonic opposition Chaos – Cosmos and its invariant manifestations in the figurative-semantic paradigms of the works: Split / Precipice / Break – Harmony / Integrity / Unity / Equilibrium. The literary onomastic practice of the writers within the framework of this paradigm also acquires a mythologized character. The anthroponyms of Rodion Raskolnikov and Lev Myshkin in the novels by Dostoevsky do not only reflect their personal ambivalence, but are the embodiment of the contradictions of their contemporary historical era, where harmony and chaos exist in an unstable balance. A similar dialectic is found in the onomasiological vocabulary of Goncharov. The figurative and semantic ambivalence of the onyms of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Boris Raysky actualizes semantic oppositions, typologically parallel to Dostoevsky's onomamythology. “Precipices” and “breaks” in the consciousness and destinies of the characters are metaphorical expressions of the crises of society and the related distortions of the cosmourgical processes of creation – destruction – restoration of harmony. Thus, onomasiology, historiosophy and sacred-mythological ontology exist in the novels by Dostoevsky and Goncharov in the relations of dialogical mutual projections, revealing the typological kinship of the spiritualexistential and moral-philosophical ideals of the writers.