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Man-machine cognitive cooperation has become a reality. There are many prototype systems that have demonstrated the capabilities of cognitive cooperation. These systems have artificial cognitive capabilities, thereby allowing teaming with human operators as well as with other artificial cognitive systems. They can actively assist the operator in improving situational awareness and knowing effective actions with respect to the situational context. The most salient feature of these systems is that they have much knowledge in common with the human operator. This enables them to carry out the work tasks on their own, if necessary. Most important, they have explicit knowledge of the prime work system objectives and can cooperate to catch up with the intentions of the team mate, and to interact sensibly as a team mate. Since prototype systems have demonstrated that cognitive cooperation is technically feasible, the following chapters will not dwell on the technical details of artificial cognitive systems. The focus will be on the underlying fundamental ideas about artificial cognitive systems and intrinsic potentials for cognitive cooperation. Hence, this keynote will dwell on the main properties of artificial cognitive systems and how these properties can be used to improve work system capabilities and make work processes more productive and more efficient. It will point out that automation in the new setting of cognitive automation will bring about human-machine cognitive cooperation that is similar to human-human cognitive cooperation, and that it can be exploited for more effective coordination between team-mates, humans as well as machines. (10 figures, 24 refs.), See also ADM001577. Presented at the RTO HFM Symposium on "The Role of Humans in Intelligent and Automated Systems," held in Warsaw, Poland, on 7-9 Oct 2002. Published in report number RTO-MP-088. The original document contains color images.

Oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Procchio, along the northern Elba coast, are influenced by the circulation in the Corsica channel and the southeastern Ligurian Sea. In order to support ocean prediction by nested models, an initial 4-day CTD survey provided initial ocean conditions. The purposes of the forecasts were threefold: (1) in support of AUV exercises; (2) as an experiment in the development of rapid environmental assessment (REA) methodology; and (3) as a rigorous real time test of a distributed ocean prediction system technology. The Harvard Ocean Prediction System (HOPS) was set up around Elba in a very high resolution domain (225 m horizontally) which was two-way nested in a high resolution domain (675 m) in the channel between Italy and Corsica. The HOPS channel domain was physically interfaced with a one-way nest to the CU-POM model run in a larger Ligurian Sea domain. Eleven nowcasts and 2-3 day forecasts were issued during the period 26 September to 10 October, 2000 for the channel domain and for a Procchio Bay operational sub-domain of the Elba domain. After initialization with the NRV Alliance, CTD survey day adaptive sampling patterns for nightly excursions of the Alliance were designed on the basis of forecasts to obtain data for assimilation which would most efficiently maintain the structures and variability of the flow in future dynamical forecasts. Images of satellite sea surface temperature were regularly processed and used for track planning and also for model verification. Rapid environmental assessment (REA) techniques were used for data processing and transmission from ship to shore and vice versa for model results. ADCP data validated well the flow in the channel. Additionally and importantly, the direction and strength of the flow in Procchio Bay were correctly forecast by dynamics supported only by external observations., Submitted to the Journal of Marine Systems. Produced in cooperation with the SACLANT Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.

The investigation is based on data collected between the eastern Algerian Basin and the Strait of Sicily and in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. The major pathways of water masses are identified by the core method and geostrophic currents are derived from the objectively analysed density field. Between the Sardinia Channel and the Strait of Sicily, the large-scale circulation of Modified Atlantic Water and Winter Intermediate Water is found to be cyclonic. Inflow into the gyre occurs via the Sardinia Channel by means of a boundary current attached to the Algerian coast, and from the northern Tyrrhenian. The outflow is accomplished via the Strait of S;icily and to the Tyrrhenian. The Levantine intermediate water flow resembles that of Modified Atlantic Water/Winter Intermediate Water in the southern Tyrrhenian, but it is opposed in the Strait of Sicily and off Tunisia. Outflow to the Algerian Basin occurs south of Sardinia. In the eastern Algerian Basin the flow direction of all water masses is eastward close to the Algerian shelf. Farther offshore, Modified Atlantic Water flows mainly southwest whereas the Levantine Intermediate Water is opposed to that supporting northward transport along the Sardinian shelf. The large-scale flow of all water masses is perturbed by mesoscale eddies. The impact of topographic obstacles is investigated., Cette étude est basée sur l’utilisation de données océanographiques collectées entre le bassin algérien et le détroit de Sicile et dans la partie sud de la mer Tyrrhénienne. Entre le canal de Sardaigne et le détroit de Sicile, la circulation à grande échelle des eaux modifiées de l’Atlantique et des eaux intermédiaires d’hiver est identifiée comme cyclonique. L’apport en flux dans la rotation se fait principalement par le canal de Sardaigne, grâce à un courant intense le long de la côte algérienne et le long de la mer Tyrrhénienne septentrionale. L’écoulement sˈeffectue par le détroit de Sicile et vers la mer Tyrrhénienne. Le flux des eaux intermédiaires du Levant ressemble à celui de lˈensemble eau modifiée de l’Atlantique/eau intermédiaire d’hiver dans la partie sud de la mer Tyrrhénienne. Dans le détroit de Sicile et près des côtes de Tunisie, le flux de lˈeau intermédiaire du Levant est opposé ; l’écoulement vers le bassin algérien sˈeffectue au sud de la Sardaigne. Dans la partie est du bassin algérien, toutes les masses d’eau sont dirigées vers lˈest, près du plateau algérien. Au large et à l’ouest de la Sardaigne, lˈeau modifiée de l’Atlantique s’écoule principalement vers le sud ouest alors que lˈeau intermédiaire du Levant s’écoule, à l’opposé, vers le nord le long du plateau de la Sardaigne. Le flux à grande échelle de toutes les masses d’eau est perturbé par les tourbillons. L’impact des obstacles topographiques est étudié.

Two lenses of cold water with core temperature 12.5 degrees C were observed in the central Ionian Sea between the thermocline and the salinity maximum due to Levantine Intermediate Water. The estimated salinity in the lenses is 37.8. The relevance of the observation is assured by the high number of expendable probes deployed. The lens diameters are estimated at 30 km. Analogy with a less spectacular feature contained in oceanographic measurements in the following year implies that the lenses rotate clockwise. The cold water lenses originate from the Adriatic Sea with a generation mechanism equivalent to meddy formation at the Iberian peninsula (eddy of Mediterranean water in the Atlantic Ocean). Year to year differences in cold lens generation are expected to be high., Deux lentilles d'eau froide ont été observées au centre de la mer Ionienne entre la thermocline et la zone de salinité maximale de l'Eau Intermédiaire Levantine. Leur température est de 12,5 °C et leur salinité est estimée à 37,8. Cette observation est validée par le très grand nombre de sondes largables déployées sur cette zone. Le diamètre des lentilles est estimé à 30 km. L'analogie avec un phénomène moins spectaculaire, observé l'année suivante, indique que ces lentilles tournent dans le sens anticyclonique. Leur origine se situe dans la mer Adriatique où elles se détachent des tourbillons comme dans la formation des meddies de la péninsule ibérique (tourbillons d'eau méditerranéenne dans l'océan Atlantique). D'une année sur l'autre, la création de ces lentilles d'eau froide semble soumise à des grandes variations

The data from six zonal sections in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) in the tropical and southem Atlantic are used to describe the distribution of water masses. Due to the high spatial resolution, the structure oftemperature, salinity, oxygen, silicate and nitrate displays details related to transport and mixing in this region. Temperature-salinity diagrams are also presented which indicate the effects ofbranching and recirculation loops in the water mass flow.

A knowledge based computer aid for flight planning tasks as part of a Cockpit Assistant for IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) operation is presented in detail after a brief overview of the modular structure of the Cockpit Assistant has been given. Based upon the requirements of air traffic management the system is aimed at supporting the pilot in complex planning and decision situation. By assessing the situation flight goal conflicts are detected and avoided by offering sensible flight plan modifications to the pilot. The main features of the situation assessment and planning module are discussed with regard to knowledge representation and applied solution model. Thus, conflict detection, selection of an alternate destination and rerouting algorithms are described in detail., This article is from 'Air Vehicle Mission Control and Management, The Guidance and Control Panel Symposium (53rd) Held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands on 22-25 October 1991 (La Gestion et le Controle des Missions des Vehicules Aeriens),' AD-A253 088, p12-1 thru p12-8.