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MBJB Claim Management System is developed to provide an online platform for MBJB staff to manage the claim activities. By changing the current manual claim method to computerised system, the effectiveness and efficiency of claim process have been improved, for instances this system can quicken the approval process as well as allow applicants to check the status of claim application, minimizes human errors in calculation and provides several type of claim report. By putting the system online, there is no more problems of time and distance. Iterative Model which each iterative are mini-waterfall is applied to develop this project. Furthermore, Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture is also used for developing this project. Hence, laravel framework is used. Data dictionary is produced for better understanding on system database. Several user interfaces are created to visualise the actual system environment. Last but not least, Hypertext pre-processor (PHP), Javascript, jQuery and MySQL are used during system development. As a conclusion, MBJB Claim Management system can replace the existing manual claim management as well as bring benefits to staff MBJB.

Background: Peer-supported mobile health (mHealth) programs hold the promise of providing a low-burden approach to increasing access to care and improving mental health. While peer support has been shown to improve engagement in care, there is limited investigation into the impact of peers on symptom outcomes. Trauma-exposed populations frequently endure co-occurring posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms as well as difficulties in day-to-day functioning. This study evaluated the potential benefits of a peer-supported, transdiagnostic mHealth program on symptom outcomes and functioning., Objective: This randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of Brief Peer-Supported (BPS) web-based Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (webSTAIR), a 6-module transdiagnostic digital program derived from Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation and compared to waitlist control in a community sample of veterans who screened positive for either posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression., Methods: A total of 178 veterans were enrolled in this study using a 2:1 randomization scheme with 117 assigned to BPS webSTAIR and 61 assigned to waitlist control. PTSD and depressive symptoms as well as emotion regulation and psychosocial functioning were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 8-week follow-up time points. Mixed-effects models were used to assess change in outcome measures across time points. Exploratory analyses were conducted to determine whether the type and number of peer interactions influenced outcomes., Results: Significant interaction effects were observed for all outcomes such that participants randomized to BPS webSTAIR reported significantly greater improvement at the posttreatment time point compared to waitlist control with moderate effect sizes for PTSD (d=0.48), depression (d=0.64), emotion regulation (d=0.61), and functional impairment (d=0.61); gains were maintained at 8-week follow-up. An initial cohort of participants who were required to engage with a peer coach to progress through the modules interacted more frequently with peers but completed fewer modules compared to a later cohort for whom peer engagement was optional. Overall, those who completed more modules reported greater improvement in all outcomes., Conclusions: BPS webSTAIR was effective in improving PTSD and depression symptoms, emotion regulation, and psychosocial functioning in community veterans. Peer-supported, transdiagnostic mHealth programs may be a particularly efficient, effective, and low-burden approach to improving mental health among trauma-exposed populations. Investigation of peer-supported programs among other populations is necessary to evaluate the generalizability of the findings. Analyses comparing peer support that was required versus optional indicated that some veterans may not need or want peer support. Future research should evaluate how best to deliver peer support and for whom it is most beneficial. If successful, peer-supported tech programs may increase the Veteran Affairs workforce as well as improve veteran mental health services and outcomes., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04286165; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04286165., (©Laura E Ong, Sarah Speicher, Diana Villasenor, Jamie Kim, Adam Jacobs, Kathryn S Macia, Marylene Cloitre. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 02.10.2024.)

Objective: This study examines barriers and facilitators to participation in webSTAIR, a telemental health program providing virtual coaching sessions for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms, among women veterans from racial and ethnic minority groups., Method: Using qualitative interviews (n = 26), we compared women veterans from racial and ethnic minority groups who completed (completers; n = 16) and did not complete (noncompleters; n = 11) webSTAIR at rural-serving facilities in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Interview data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis. Chi-square and t tests assessed differences between completers and noncompleters by sociodemographic characteristics and baseline PTSD and depression symptomatology., Results: There were no statistically significant sociodemographic differences at baseline between completers and noncompleters; completers reported significantly higher baseline PTSD and depression symptomatology. Noncompleters were more likely to describe feeling angry, depressed, and unable to control their environments during participation in the program as barriers to webSTAIR completion. Completers, despite higher symptomatology, cited internal motivation and support from concurrent mental health services as facilitators. Both groups made recommendations for how VA can better support women veterans from racial and ethnic minority groups, including providing space for peer support and community building, addressing stigma associated with seeking mental health services and fostering mental health provider diversity and retention., Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Although previous research has identified racial and ethnic disparities in PTSD treatment retention, mechanisms to improve retention have been unclear. Women veterans from racial and ethnic minority groups should be collaboratively engaged in the design and implementation of telemental health programs for PTSD to improve equitable retention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea effector protein AvrB induces resistance responses in soybean varieties that contain the resistance gene Rpg1-b and Arabidopsis varieties that carry RPM1. In addition to this avirulence activity, AvrB also enhances bacterial virulence on soybean plants that lack Rpg1-b and induces a chlorotic phenotype on Arabidopsis plants that lack RPM1. We screened a library of avrB mutants for loss of avirulence on soybean and Arabidopsis, and assayed selected avirulence mutants for loss of virulence on both plants. All mutants screened were recognized similarly on both plant species. Nine single-site avrB mutations that affected avirulence localized to a solvent-accessible pocket in the protein structure. Seven of these mutated residues are absolutely conserved between AvrB and its nine homologues. Avirulence mutants generally lost virulence enhancement on susceptible soybean varieties and lost the ability to induce a chlorotic response on the rpm1 null Arabidopsis variety Mt-0. Three of four avirulence mutants tested failed to interact with RIN4, an Arabidopsis protein previously shown to be required for RPM1 function. Our results suggest that soybean and Arabidopsis recognize AvrB in the same manner, and that AvrB enzymatic activity is required for its function as an avirulence and virulence effector on two different plant species.

Plant disease resistance (R) genes that mediate recognition of the same pathogen determinant sometimes can be found in distantly related plant families. This observation implies that some R gene alleles may have been conserved throughout the diversification of land plants. To address this question, we have compared R genes from Glycine max (soybean), Rpg1-b, and Arabidopsis thaliana, RPM1, that mediate recognition of the same type III effector protein from Pseudomonas syringae, AvrB. RPM1 has been cloned previously, and here, we describe the isolation of Rpg1-b. Although RPM1 and Rpg1-b both belong to the coiled-coil nucleotide binding site (NBS) Leu-rich repeat (LRR) class of R genes, they share only limited sequence similarity outside the conserved domains characteristic of this class. Phylogenetic analyses of A. thaliana and legume NBS-LRR sequences demonstrate that Rpg1-b and RPM1 are not orthologous. We conclude that convergent evolution, rather than the conservation of an ancient specificity, is responsible for the generation of these AvrB-specific genes.

The dramatic modifications of photosynthetic light harvesting antennae called phycobilisomes that occur during complementary chromatic adaptation in cyanobacteria are controlled by two separate photosensory systems. The first system involves the signal transduction components RcaE, RcaF and RcaC, which appear to make up a complex multistep phosphorelay. This system controls the light responsive expression of the cpcB2A2H2I2D2, cpeBA and cpeCDE operons, which encode phycobilisome proteins. The second system, which is not yet characterized, acts in concert with the first but only regulates the light responses of cpeBA and cpeCDE. We have generated and characterized a new mutant class, named the Tan mutants. In at least one member of this class, light-regulated RNA accumulation patterns are altered for cpeBA and cpeCDE, but not for cpcB2A2H2I2D2. Thus this mutant contains a lesion that may impair the operation of the second system. We demonstrate that several Tan mutants are the result of improper expression of the gene cotB. CotB has limited similarity to lyase class proteins, particularly those related to NblB, which is required for degradation of phycobilisomes in other cyanobacteria. Possible roles of CotB in the biogenesis of phycobilisomes are discussed.