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We consider graphs derived from aperiodically ordered tilings of the plane, by treating each corner of each tile as a vertex and each side of each tile as an edge. We calculate the average degree of these graphs. For the Ammann A2 tiling, we present a closed-form formula for the average degree. For the Kite and Dart Penrose tiling, the Rhomb Penrose Tiling, and the Ammann-Beenker tiling we present numerical calculations for the average degree.

In this work, we introduce a class of fractal subsets of $[0,1]$ corresponding to the aperiodically ordered metallic means sequences. We find simple formulas for the fractal dimension for these fractals., Comment: 16 pages

We investigate the symmetries of so-called generalized extended CMV matrices. It is well-documented that problems involving reflection symmetries of standard extended CMV matrices can be subtle. We show how to deal with this in an elegant fashion by passing to the class of generalized extended CMV matrices via explicit diagonal unitaries in the spirit of Cantero-Gr\"unbaum-Moral-Vel\'azquez. As an application of these ideas, we construct an explicit family of almost-periodic CMV matrices, which we call the mosaic unitary almost-Mathieu operator, and prove the occurrence of exact mobility edges. That is, we show the existence of energies that separate spectral regions with absolutely continuous and pure point spectrum and exactly calculate them., Comment: 35 pages, 3 figures

The Thue-Morse sequence is an aperiodically ordered infinite binary sequence. It is used as a one-dimensional way to model the structure of a quasicrystal. For example, taking autocorrelations of these sequences (roughly, measuring how similar a Thue-Morse sequence is to translates of itself) we can gain understanding of the diffraction patterns of quasicrystals. We generate abstract art images from these Thue-Morse autocorrelation functions, that capture the aperiodic structure of the Thue-Morse sequence in a compelling way., Comment: 20 pages

We introduce a unitary almost-Mathieu operator, which is obtained from a two-dimensional quantum walk in a uniform magnetic field. We exhibit a version of Aubry--Andr\'{e} duality for this model, which partitions the parameter space into three regions: a supercritical region and a subcritical region that are dual to one another, and a critical regime that is self-dual. In each parameter region, we characterize the cocycle dynamics of the transfer matrix cocycle generated by the associated generalized eigenvalue equation. In particular, we show that supercritical, critical, and subcritical behavior all occur in this model. Using Avila's global theory of one-frequency cocycles, we exactly compute the Lyapunov exponent on the spectrum in terms of the given parameters. We also characterize the spectral type for each value of the coupling constant, almost every frequency, and almost every phase. Namely, we show that for almost every frequency and every phase the spectral type is purely absolutely continuous in the subcritical region, pure point in the supercritical region, and purely singular continuous in the critical region. In some parameter regions, we refine the almost-sure results. In the critical case for instance, we show that the spectrum is a Cantor set of zero Lebesgue measure for arbitrary irrational frequency and that the spectrum is purely singular continuous for all but countably many phases., Comment: 41 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Commun. Math. Phys

Barry Simon conjectured in 2005 that the Szeg\H{o} matrices, associated with Verblunsky coefficients $\{\alpha_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{Z}_+}$ obeying $\sum_{n = 0}^\infty n^\gamma |\alpha_n|^2 < \infty$ for some $\gamma \in (0,1)$, are bounded for values $z \in \partial \mathbb{D}$ outside a set of Hausdorff dimension no more than $1 - \gamma$. Three of the authors recently proved this conjecture by employing a Pr\"ufer variable approach that is analogous to work Christian Remling did on Schr\"odinger operators. This paper is a companion piece that presents a simple proof of a weak version of Simon's conjecture that is in the spirit of a proof of a different conjecture of Simon., Comment: 9 pages

We show that the Szeg\H{o} matrices, associated with Verblunsky coefficients $\{\alpha_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{Z}_+}$ obeying $\sum_{n = 0}^\infty n^\gamma |\alpha_n|^2 < \infty$ for some $\gamma \in (0,1)$, are bounded for values $z \in \partial \mathbb{D}$ outside a set of Hausdorff dimension no more than $1 - \gamma$. In particular, the singular part of the associated probability measure on the unit circle is supported by a set of Hausdorff dimension no more than $1-\gamma$. This proves the OPUC Hausdorff dimension conjecture of Barry Simon from 2005., Comment: 33 pages

Using the definition of quasiperiodic function as a motivation, we introduce the idea of quasiperiodic music and detail the composition process of a quasiperiodic music piece, Raindrops in A minor. We also discuss connections between quasiperiodic music and other works of music theory and composition that make use of aperiodic order or periodic order with large periods, such as Lindenmayer systems, Vuza canons, Messiaen's Quatuor pour la Fin du Temps, and the phase music of Steve Reich., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Journal of Mathematics and the Arts (2020)

We develop subordinacy theory for extended CMV matrices. That is, we provide explicit supports for the singular and absolutely continuous parts of the canonical spectral measure associated with a given extended CMV matrix in terms of the presence or absence of subordinate solutions of the generalized eigenvalue equation. Some corollaries and applications of this result are described as well., Comment: 25 pages. To appear in Science China Mathematics

The KdV hierarchy is a family of evolutions on a Schr\"odinger operator that preserves its spectrum. Canonical systems are a generalization of Schr\"odinger operators, that nevertheless share many features with Schr\"odinger operators. Since this is a very natural generalization, one would expect that it would also be straightforward to build a hierarchy of isospectral evolutions on canonical systems analogous to the KdV hierarchy. Surprisingly, we show that there are many obstructions to constructing a hierarchy of flows on canonical systems that obeys the standard assumptions of the KdV hierarchy. This suggests that we need a more sophisticated approach to develop such a hierarchy, if it is indeed possible to do so.

We are interested in diagonal perturbations of a periodic Jacobi operator that introduce embedded eigenvalues in its essential spectrum. Embedding multiple points in the essential spectrum has been known to be difficult, given that eigenvalues are destroyed easily by small perturbations. However, given a finite or countably infinite set of points within an absolutely continuous band of the original periodic operator (subject only to a very weak non-resonance condition) we are able to construct a diagonal perturbation that preserves the essential spectrum and places eigenvalues in all of those points., Comment: It is combined with arXiv:1805.01569

In this paper, we consider the Schr\"odinger equation, \begin{equation*} Hu=-u^{\prime\prime}+(V(x)+V_0(x))u=Eu, \end{equation*} where $V_0(x)$ is 1-periodic and $V (x)$ is a decaying perturbation. By Floquet theory, the spectrum of $H_0=-\nabla^2+V_0$ is purely absolutely continuous and consists of a union of closed intervals (often referred to as spectral bands). Given any finite set of points $\{ E_j\}_{j=1}^N$ in any spectral band of $H_0$ obeying a mild non-resonance condition, we construct smooth functions $V(x)=\frac{O(1)}{1+|x|}$ such that $H=H_0+V$ has eigenvalues $\{ E_j\}_{j=1}^N$. Given any countable set of points $\{ E_j\}$ in any spectral band of $H_0$ obeying the same non-resonance condition, and any function $h(x)>0$ going to infinity arbitrarily slowly, we construct smooth functions $|V(x)|\leq \frac{h(x)}{1+|x|}$ such that $H=H_0+V$ has eigenvalues $\{ E_j\}$. On the other hand, we show that there is no eigenvalue of $H=H_0+V$ embedded in the spectral bands if $V(x)=\frac{o(1)}{1+|x|}$ as $x$ goes to infinity. We prove also an analogous result for Jacobi operators., Comment: We combined this preprint with arXiv:1805.01571. J. Anal. Math. to appear

The Toda hierarchy refers to a family of integrable flows on Jacobi operators that have many applications in mathematics and physics. We demonstrate carefully that an alternative characterization of the Toda hierarchy using cocycle maps is equivalent to the traditional approach using Lax pairs., Comment: 14 pages; improved proof of Prop 3, included grant acknowledgement, other minor changes

The classical hierarchy of Toda flows can be thought of as an action of the (abelian) group of polynomials on Jacobi matrices. We present a generalization of this to the larger groups of $C^2$ and entire functions, and in this second case, we also introduce associated cocycles and in fact give center stage to this object.

We establish concrete criteria for fully supported absolutely continuous spectrum for ergodic CMV matrices and purely absolutely continuous spectrum for limit-periodic CMV matrices. We proceed by proving several variational estimates on the measure of the spectrum and the vanishing set of the Lyapunov exponent for CMV matrices, which represent CMV analogues of results obtained for Schr\"odinger operators due to Y.\ Last in the early 1990s. Having done so, we combine those estimates with results from inverse spectral theory to obtain purely absolutely continuous spectrum., Comment: 17 pages

We prove an averaging formula for the derivative of the absolutely continuous part of the density of states measure for an ergodic family of CMV matrices. As a consequence, we show that the spectral type of such a family is almost surely purely absolutely continuous if and only if the density of states is absolutely continuous and the Lyapunov exponent vanishes almost everywhere with respect to the same. Both of these results are CMV operator analogues of theorems obtained by Kotani for Schr\"odinger operators., Comment: 10 pages

We show that a generic element of a space of limit-periodic CMV operators has zero-measure Cantor spectrum. We also prove a Craig--Simon type theorem for the density of states measure associated with a stochastic family of CMV matrices and use our construction from the first part to prove that the Craig--Simon result is optimal in general. We discuss applications of these results to a quantum walk model where the coins are arranged according to a limit-periodic sequence. The key ingredient in these results is a new formula which may be viewed as a relationship between the density of states measure of a CMV matrix and its Schur function., Comment: 28 pages

We discuss spectral characteristics of a one-dimensional quantum walk whose coins are distributed quasi-periodically. The unitary update rule of this quantum walk shares many spectral characteristics with the critical Almost-Mathieu Operator; however, it possesses a feature not present in the Almost-Mathieu Operator, namely singularity of the associated cocycles (this feature is, however, present in the so-called Extended Harper's Model). We show that this operator has empty absolutely continuous spectrum and that the Lyapunov exponent vanishes on the spectrum; hence, this model exhibits Cantor spectrum of zero Lebesgue measure for all irrational frequencies and arbitrary phase, which in physics is known as Hofstadter's butterfly. In fact, we will show something stronger, namely, that all spectral parameters in the spectrum are of critical type, in the language of Avila's global theory of analytic quasiperiodic cocycles. We further prove that it has empty point spectrum for each irrational frequency and away from a frequency-dependent set of phases having Lebesgue measure zero. The key ingredients in our proofs are an adaptation of Avila's Global Theory to the present setting, self-duality via the Fourier transform, and a Johnson-type theorem for singular dynamically defined CMV matrices which characterizes their spectra as the set of spectral parameters at which the associated cocycles fail to admit a dominated splitting., Comment: 34 pages

We discuss spreading estimates for dynamical systems given by the iteration of an extended CMV matrix. Using a connection due to Cantero--Gr\"unbaum--Moral--Vel\'azquez, this enables us to study spreading rates for quantum walks in one spatial dimension. We prove several general results which establish quantitative upper and lower bounds on the spreading of a quantum walk in terms of estimates on a pair of associated matrix cocycles. To demonstrate the power and utility of these methods, we apply them to several concrete cases of interest. In the case where the coins are distributed according to an element of the Fibonacci subshift, we are able to rather completely describe the dynamics in a particular asymptotic regime. As a pleasant consequence, this supplies the first concrete example of a quantum walk with anomalous transport, to the best of our knowldege. We also prove ballistic transport for a quantum walk whose coins are periodically distributed., Comment: 49 pages

Pr\"ufer variables are a standard tool in spectral theory, developed originally for perturbations of the free Schr\"odinger operator. They were generalized by Kiselev, Remling, and Simon to perturbations of an arbitrary Schr\"odinger operator. We adapt these generalized Prufer variables to the setting of Jacobi and Szeg\H{o} recursions. We present an application to random $L^2$ perturbations of Jacobi and CMV matrices, and an application to decaying oscillatory perturbations of periodic Jacobi and CMV matrices., Comment: 22 pages, added a section on random perturbation application

We prove uniform absence of point spectrum for CMV operators corresponding to the period doubling subshift. We also prove almost sure absence of point spectrum for CMV operators corresponding to a class of Sturmian subshifts. Lastly, we prove almost sure absence of point spectrum for CMV operators corresponding to some subshifts generated by a coding of a rotation., Comment: 14 pages, several clarifications to address concerns raised in referee report. To appear in Journal of Statistical Physics

We consider decaying oscillatory perturbations of periodic Schr\"odinger operators on the half line. More precisely, the perturbations we study satisfy a generalized bounded variation condition at infinity and an $L^p$ decay condition. We show that the absolutely continuous spectrum is preserved, and give bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of the singular part of the resulting perturbed measure. Under additional assumptions, we instead show that the singular part embedded in the essential spectrum is contained in an explicit countable set. Finally, we demonstrate that this explicit countable set is optimal. That is, for every point in this set there is an open and dense class of periodic Schr\"odinger operators for which an appropriate perturbation will result in the spectrum having an embedded eigenvalue at that point., Comment: 17 pages

As an application of the Gordon lemma for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle, we prove that for a generic set of quasiperiodic Verblunsky coefficients the corresponding two-sided CMV operator has purely singular continuous spectrum. We use a similar argument to that of the Boshernitzan-Damanik result that establishes the corresponding theorem for the discrete Schr\"odinger operator., Comment: 5 pages

We prove results about the H\"older continuity of the spectral measures of the extended CMV matrix, given power law bounds of the solution of the eigenvalue equation. We thus arrive at a unitary analogue of the results of Damanik, Killip and Lenz about the spectral measure of the discrete Schr\"odinger operator., Comment: 8 pages

Avila recently introduced a new method for the study of the discrete Schr\"odinger Operator with limit periodic potential. I adapt this method to the context of orthogonal polynomials in the unit circle with limit periodic Verblunsky Coefficients. Specifically, I represent these Verblunsky Coefficients as a continuous sampling of the orbits of a Cantor group by a minimal translation. I then investigate the measures that arise on the unit circle as I vary the sampling function., Comment: 14 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0906.3337 by different authors