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Fagus sylvatica L. is widely distributed across Europe thanks to its high adaptability in a wide variety of soils and climate. Microbial communities are essential for maintaining forest soil quality and are responsible for forest ecosystem functioning; the ability of soil microorganisms to respond to abiotic stressors (e.g., organic carbon losses, water scarcity, temperature changes) is crucial under ongoing environmental changes and also supports tree health. In this study, soil samples were collected from pure beech plots as part of the COST Action project CLIMO to find differences in microbial community characteristics and evaluate the effects of soil properties on microbial communities across gradients of elevation, latitude, and longitude. Positive relationships were found between organic carbon content and both microbial abundance and dehydrogenase activity. Dehydrogenase and catalase activities were elevation-correlated and microbial activities were longitude-correlated. In the most southern beech plot, the microbial community was abundant and displayed high activities. This shows that microbial communities could help tree populations to better adapt to predicted changes in environmental conditions in the future. We suggest that research into forest health and beech performance should also test soil microbial enzymatic activity, particularly under changing climate conditions, to assist in identifying adaptation strategies. Key words: Fagus sylvatica, soil quality, soil enzyme activities, elevational, latitudinal, and longitudinal transects, soil microbial structure. Fagus sylvatica L. est largement present a travers l'Europe grace a sa capacite elevee d'adaptation a une grande variete de sols et de climats. Les communautes microbiennes sont essentielles au maintien de la qualite des sols forestiers et responsables du fonctionnement des ecosystemes forestiers; la capacite des microorganismes du sol de reagir aux stress abiotiques (p. ex. la perte de carbone organique, la penurie d'eau, les changements de temperature) est cruciale face aux changements environnementaux en cours et assure egalement la sante des arbres. Dans cette etude, des echantillons de sol ont ete preleves dans des parcelles de hetre en peuplement pur dans le cadre du projet CLIMO, une Action COST visant a trouver des differences entre les caracteristiques des communautes microbiennes et a evaluer les effets des proprietes du sol sur les communautes microbiennes le long de gradients elevational, latitudinal et longitudinal. Des relations positives ont ete observees entre d'une part la teneur en carbone organique et d'autre part l'activite de la deshydrogenase et l'abondance microbienne. L'activite de la deshydrogenase et de la catalase etait correlee avec l'elevation et l'activite microbienne etait correlee avec la longitude. Dans les parcelles de hetre les plus meridionales, la communaute microbienne etait abondante et tres active. Cela indique que les communautes microbiennes pourraient aider les populations d'arbres a mieux s'adapter aux changements prevus dans les conditions environnementales futures. Nous croyons que la recherche sur l'etat de sante des forets et la performance du hetre devrait egalement s'interesser a l'activite enzymatique microbienne dans le sol, particulierement dans le contexte des changements climatiques, pour aider a identifier des strategies d'adaptation. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Fagus sylvatica, qualite du sol, activite enzymatique dans le sol, transects elevational, latitudinal et longitudinal, structure microbienne su sol., Introduction Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) is widely distributed in temperate regions in Europe, because it is sensitive to drought and high temperatures (Colin et al. 2017) and less sensitive [...]

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