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This study reviewed the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, quality-of-life assessment and recent trends in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Relevant articles on AGA from PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and Scopus from 1950 to 2024 were obtained and scrutinized.. Key search words included each term like ‘androgenetic alopecia’, ‘androgenic alopecia’, ‘pattern baldness’ and ‘pattern hair loss’ AND each term like ‘epidemiology’, ‘pathophysiology’, ‘genetics’, ‘hormones’, ‘micronutrient’, ‘stress and inflammation’, ‘growth factors’, ‘clinical features’, ‘staging’, ‘cardiovascular associations’, ‘diagnosis’ and ‘management’ were used in the search. AGA is a non-scarring hair loss that is exemplified by a progressive decline of hair follicles, or non-functional or dead hair follicles in the scalp in a defined pattern. It is the most common hair loss, more common in men but can also present in younger age as premature AGA. Hormones, genetics, micronutrient deficiency, microinflammation and stress have been implicated, while psychosocial distress and cutaneous correlate of cardiovascular diseases have become sources of relentless research. AGA is a patterned hair loss that is more prevalent in Men. It results from the interactions between hormonal, genetic and other factors which determine the extent of hair loss and associated disorders (psychosocial and cardiovascular). As results of more research become available, the extent of AGA, its comorbidities as well as the full spectrum of their manifestations will continue to be sources of health education and more holistic examination by dermatologists and patients.

Background: The prevalence and pattern of skin infections and infestations have not been adequately studied in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of skin infections and infestations (STI) among primary school pupils living in Ijesa-land, Western Nigeria. Design: Amulti-staged randomised cross sectional descriptive study. Methodology: Interview schedules, physical and laboratory examinations were conducted"..... among 1,120 pupils (546 boys and 574 girls) recruited by stratified random sampling total of 544 SII were found among 453 (40.4 percent) pupils, whilst 667 (59.6 percent) pupils had none. Impetigo contagiosa, dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor and scabies were the leading SII found, with prevalences of 19.4, 15.0, 6.1, and 4.3 percent, respectively. - Except for pityriasis versicolor, Sll were more common in boys than girls. Furthermore, pityriasis versicolor was more commonly seen among older pupils aged nine years and over (p

AbstractWorkers require good working conditions to enhance their job performance, in this study, we conducted a survey of European working conditions in 2022 and compared the results with that of 2016 using an unsupervised learning approach for exploratory data analysis and determining the relationships. Hence, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was adopted. The analyses were in two parts for both the 2016 and 2022 surveys. Following the PCA, the first part shows that European workers are mostly characterized by cheerfulness and good spirits. The second part reveals that European workers are best characterized by enthusiasm in their work. Test statistics showed that the European working condition for the two periods does not differ significantly. The working conditions in Europe have not been altered in the space of six years. This study recommends that the working condition in Europe should be improved so that employers would continue to give their best.

At the heart of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is the vision to “leave no one behind, and to see that all children survive, thrive and transform. However, some categories of children may remain left behind owing to their disproportionate exposure to the risk of threats and deficit of attention to the social and ecological climate that characterizes the various systems in which they are found. This study is concerned with one major question: Despite diverse local and international instruments that favor full nurturance and development of children, what social forces play as threat to full nurturance care in the context of children living in Orphan homes? Nurturing care framework and Brofenbrener’s ecological system theory were adopted as the analytical frameworks. Research design was exploratory. Data were collected through sessions of in-depth-interview with orphanage managers, caregivers, and social workers on the socio-ecology drivers of threat to children living within the orphan home space and its implications for nurturance care across the various complex systems of the child’s environment. The study found various factors across the complex systems of child development – microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, microsysm and lastly, chronosystem- which undermine caregivers’ delivery and increases children’s vulnerability and risk of missing out on effective nurturance care. These vulnerabilities are endemic realities of social, and bio-ecologcal space in which child development occurs. This study recommends specialized interventions and policy directives relevant for each identified threat. It also calls for a stronger political will in improving the conditions of this category of the children while within the orphan home space and ultimately, actions towards deinstitutionalization of children.

BackgroundPsychodermatological disorders (PDs) and their associations with mental health problems are one of the most frequent research themes in dermatology outpatient settings. Surprisingly, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate PDs among patients with primary psychiatric conditions. As such, the relationship between preexisting psychiatric conditions and comorbid PDs is underrepresented in the literature. ObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence and distribution of PDs among adults with primary psychiatric conditions and determined their association with underlying psychiatric diagnoses. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis at a tertiary health care facility in southwestern Nigeria. Comorbid PDs were identified and classified using preexisting classification systems. A bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the association between PDs and underlying psychiatric conditions. The level of statistical significance was set at P

This study emphasizes the global drive towards sustainable agricultural practices and the mounting pressure on agribusinesses to adopt eco-friendly and sustainable methods. This transition is crucial not only to meet evolving market demands but also to minimize environmental impacts and support broader goals of ecological responsibility and resource conservation. Focusing on the relationship between green machines and sustainability in South-West Nigeria's agribusinesses, the research utilized a quantitative approach, surveying registered members of the All Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN) across Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Osun, Oyo, and Ondo using cluster and purposive sampling techniques. With 353 completed questionnaires and an 87% response rate, analysis through measurement and structural models revealed that green machines significantly enhance the sustainability of agribusinesses in Southwest Nigeria. The findings underscore that integrating green machines in production is a pivotal driver for sustainable practices within the region's agro-industry. Agribusinesses are increasingly adopting green production practices to optimize resource usage, reduce emissions, and promote responsible land use, aligning with global sustainability trends. Consequently, adopting green machines in the production phase is vital for ensuring the sustainability and ecological responsibility of agribusinesses in Southwest Nigeria, benefiting both the industry and the environment. The implications of this study suggest that further promotion and support for green technology adoption could significantly advance the sustainable development of agribusinesses in Nigeria.

This study examines the significance of human factors in the sustainability of indigenous agricultural enterprises in Nigeria, specifically in terms of customer experience management. The research used a mixed-method, gathering comprehensive data from both customers and workers through surveys and interviews. A structured online questionnaire was made available to 103 workers of selected local agricultural enterprises using a multi-stage sampling approach. The study utilises Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-Smart-PLS) to ascertain the significant roles of mechanical and human inputs in sustainability. The findings underscore the imperative of prioritising employee training to ensure effective customer engagement, with a focus on key aspects such as authentic greetings, pleasant demeanour, and addressing customer needs. This study provides valuable insights into the interplay between sustainability, customer experience management, and the agriculture industry, as well as practical recommendations for enhancing company operations.

This study explores the relationship between informational justice and employee engagement. The objectives of the study are to examine the influence of informational justice on affective engagement, behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and physical engagement. To guarantee a representative and varied sample of the Nigerian banking industry, a survey design was used, and participants were chosen using the stratified sampling technique. We collected necessary data from primary sources and deemed 209 copies of the 231 distributed questionnaires valid and suitable for the study. Preliminary findings suggest a strong positive relationship between employee engagement levels and perceptions of informational justice. Workers with higher levels of participation in all four categories--behavioral, cognitive, physical, and affective--tend to perceive a high degree of informational justice, where communication is clear, prompt, and comprehensive. This suggests that employees are more likely to be emotionally committed, display positive work behaviors, be intellectually focused, and be physically present in their tasks when they feel well-informed and sense fairness in the sharing of information. The findings contribute to the literature in several ways, including improving the understanding of informational justice in Nigeria's banking sector. Furthermore, the findings offer practical insights for the bank seeking to enhance employee engagement through improvements in communication processes and transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many factors have contributed to the continuous departure of workers from the Nigerian healthcare system since the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the effect of job crafting on the loyalty of healthcare workers in public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. The study population was 11,084, comprising all the doctors and nurses in public hospitals in Lagos, with a sample size of 725 using the Morgan Sample Size Determination table. We collected primary data using a well-structured questionnaire and conducted analysis using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between job creation and healthcare workers' loyalty in the public healthcare system. This implies that job creation influences health care workers' loyalty. This study suggests that the management of the public healthcare system should encourage and support job crafting while also building and encouraging positive relationships among healthcare workers to ensure their loyalty and effective service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair disorder resulting from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and nutritional factors. It may be associated with psychological, social, and emotional disturbances in the affected individuals and this may lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life (QoL). Aim: This study determined the impacts of AGA on the QoL among a Nigerian population. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 110 adults with AGA. Adult patients with AGA attending dermatology clinic were consecutively recruited after obtaining an informed consent. The QoL was assessed with Hairdex questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 43.45 ± 11.72 years (age range of 23–82 years) with male-to-female ratio of 14.7:1. The AGA duration ranged from 2 to 38 years, with a mean duration of 11.5 ± 4.2 years. Significant impairment in QoL was observed among the subjects in the Hairdex domains of symptoms, functioning, emotion, stigmatization, and self-confidence. Subjects who have previously been treated were more affected compared to those who were new and were yet to receive any treatment. Conclusion: Significant proportion of individuals with AGA experience enormous impairment in the QoL, indicating the need for psychosocial support while managing such patients.

A firm's ability to compete effectively depends on matching its internal operations with various exterior contexts. This research investigated the impact of strategic fit orientation on business agility among female entrepreneurs in Lagos state, Nigeria's non-oil export sector. This study used a descriptive and quantitative approach to gather information from four hundred and two (402) selected female entrepreneurs actively engaged in non-oil exporting activities in the agribusiness, textile, and information and technology business processing industry. The respondents were purposefully determined, while the data were analyzed using measurement and structural modeling. This study reveals that strategic fit orientation significantly mediates firm strategies and business agility. This means that women entrepreneurs should continually develop structures and strategies to stay agile and strategically fit in the business environment. They are to adapt their objectives strategically to reduce potential risks and assess situations and possible consequences of threats to remain dynamic in the business environment. This study addressed the gap between strategic fit orientation and business agility in developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of humanistic and mechanical indicators on the concept of sustainability. Embarking designers create brands to fulfill creative needs, but fashion entrepreneurs must evaluate challenges with discernment and expertise, understanding customer-centric product design. This study examined how local fashion brands in Nigeria manage customer experience in accordance with this fundamental principle of sustainability. In order to accomplish the stated aims, two hypotheses were derived based on the study questions posed. The study employed a mixed method, where a survey and an interview were used to get responses from the employees and customers. The survey was generated via a structured questionnaire and distributed online. The investigation employed a descriptive research approach, distributing and retrieving 103 copies of the questionnaire from the employees of the two selected local fashion brands. Using the structural equation model (SEM-Smart-PLS), the study found that humanic and mechanic clues both have a significant influence on sustainability. Based on the findings, it was recommended that fashion companies ought to provide training to their personnel to surpass client expectations, cultivate a welcoming work environment, and strategically position fittings to generate a favourable psychological influence on prospective buyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at investigating the impact of job crafting (cognitive, task, and relational crafting) on the satisfaction of healthcare workers in public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. The study utilised data gathered from 725 public healthcare workers in public hospitals using a well-structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire as the research instrument. The study employed mixed method of data collection, comprising purposive, stratified, and convenience methods of data collection. The research tools employed include Cronbach's Alpha Analysis, Explanatory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. Findings revealed that job crafting significantly impacted the satisfaction of healthcare workers, with relational crafting having the highest significant impact, followed by cognitive and task crafting. The study concluded that job crafting significantly impacts healthcare workers' satisfaction and, however, recommends that positive workplace culture be encouraged; emphasis should be placed on encouraging things like work-life balance, inspiring leadership, transparent communication, and employee appreciation, and a good and positive work environment be provided for the healthcare workers to maximise their full potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a type of nonscarring alopecia with prevalence, pattern, and severity that have not been documented extensively in Nigeria and Africa. This study aimed to document AGA's prevalence and clinical characteristics among adults in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 260 consenting adults with AGA and 260 age- and sex-matched controls through a multistage sampling method. The survey for AGA was done using a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 20. Results: The overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%, with a gender prevalence of 24.88% and 5.06% for men and women, respectively. The mean age of AGA was 51.32 ± 16.31 years, with a range of 24–90 years and male-to-female ratio of 4.9:1. The prevalence of premature AGA was 0.38%. Grade II vertex (13.8%) and VI (10.4%) were the most frequent male androgenetic alopecia severity grades, while grade IVa was the least common. Ludwig I was the most frequent female androgenetic alopecia severity grade (7.7%), followed by Ludwig II (6.9%) and III (2.3%). The mixed type of baldness was the most common (73.6%) phenotype, followed by frontal (20.8%), and vertex (4.2%) in men. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%. The prevalence varies with location, age and gender with paternal family history as a significant risk factor. The mixed type of baldness is the most common phenotype.

This study examines the mediating role of institutions in the remittance- growth relationship in Nigeria. We use autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation to establish the interaction of the variables of interest. The short-run results reveal that remittance inflows positively influence growth, probably due to the immediate injection of financial resources that an increase in remittances brings about. This effect is reinforced by improvements in regulatory quality. In contrast the long-run results reveal that, over time, remittance inflows are negatively related to growth probably due to adverse macroeconomic consequences, to a decrease in work incentives, and a decline in the motivation for technological innovation. However, the adoption of improved institutional environment is found to offset the negative long-run effect of remittances on growth, at least to some extent. Therefore, remittance receiving countries should improve the design and enforcement of laws, regulatory quality, and control over corruption, so that they can make best use of remittance inflows and other sources of external financing needed to augment domestic productivity and growth.

We observed that the implications of monetary policy for stability in the stock market had been dominated by obscurity, dissimilarities and inconclusiveness in extant literature. It is not even entirely clear how variations in monetary policy regimes predict stability in Nigeria stock markets. In this study, an attempt is made to empirically examine the variations in stock returns as induced by indices of monetary policy in Nigeria for the period 1986 through 2017. Using the two-step Engle and Granger error correction modelling technique, we found the monetary policy to be positively related to stock returns. This result could be due to extensive dominance of deposit money banks (DMBs) in the market capitalisation processes and formation. There is no gainsaying to aver that DMBs are also the primary beneficiaries of the interest income from investment in the risk-free bank. Policy implications were discussed.

Background: The introduction and wide use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have significantly resulted in decline in morbidity and mortality from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its related complications. These drugs can effectively induce virological suppression of the HIV-RNA replication to below the level of quantification, with eventual rise in the CD4+ cells counts. This is the therapeutic goal of using HAART in HIV-infected patients. However, some HIV-infected patients commencing HAART might have adequate virological suppression without a corresponding rise in CD4+ cells count-a phenomenon referred to as discordant immune response (DIR) or immunological nonresponse. Objective: The objective is to determine the factors associated with DIR among HIV-infected patients with adequate virological suppression, after initiating HAART. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study that analyzed data from 200 HIV-infected adults that have been on HAART for 12 months descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic profile of the participants, and binary logistic regression was used to assess the factors predicting DIR among the studied population. Results: One hundred and thirty-six (68%) were female with a mean age of 40.5 ± 10.9 years. The mean baseline CD4+ cells count was 162 ± 95.9 cells/mm3. Twelve months after HAART initiation, 64 (32%) of patients were immunological nonresponders. On multivariate analysis (logistics regression), patients initiating treatment at a higher CD4+ cells count> 200 cells/mm3 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.89; confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–9.22; P = 0.002), the presence of anemia (hemoglobin

The majority of children living within institutional care have a history of neglect. Past studies have identified developmental challenges with children in institutional care, for which reasons, orphanages must be transitional. However, placement of some children living in the orphan homes remains difficult. Through an in-depth interview with orphanage managers, social workers, prospective and successful adopters, and foster mothers, the study situates the diverse encumbrances to child placement in observed irregularities within three stages (entry, within the home, and at the exit point) of children’s contact with the orphan homes. The study found that unresolved regulation on the duration for custody of children in orphan homes impedes the placement of children who are merely kept for care and protection. Lack of response to the basic care needs of children within orphan homes poorly influence their chances for adoption, and sometimes disrupt placement processes. Also the legal preference for domestic adoption discourages and sabotages efforts toward inter-country placement of children who are not locally desired. These result into prolonged stay of children in orphan homes, and as such, children outgrow either adoption or fosterage. Child protection policy direction must, therefore, be value-laden, and informed by the unique system/society realities. This study, specifically, makes a case for more political interest in children living in orphan homes.

The paper employed Remote sensing data in a multi-decadal assessment of vegetal to urban land cover transition along Lagos-Ibadan expressway. The forty-year assessment commenced in 1980 and ended in 2020. Landsat imageries acquired for the respective periods were subjected to supervised classification. Results reveal massive conversion of vegetated areas into built-up areas. The transition became pronounced from the second decade with 30,226 and cumulative of 48,455 Hectares of vegetation transforming into built-up area. During the third decade (2000 to 2010), additional 44,780 and cumulative of 93,235 Hectares of green area was converted into built-up areas. The largest transition was recorded in the last decade (2010 to 2020) during which vegetated area covering 50,827 Hectares was converted to living or industrial areas giving a cumulative transition of 141,065. In year 2020 Pearson moment correlation showed a high negative correlation with a coefficient value of -0.86. Hectares of vegetal areas into built-up or bare surfaces.

This research aimed to assess the operational and environmental performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria in relation to their adoption of personality-traits taxonomy (i.e., conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, neuroticism or emotional resilience and agreeableness). The survey-based study involved the entire population of SME operators in South West Nigeria, totaling 1842 individuals (i.e., entrepreneurs). Through the use of stratified random-selection methods, a sample size of 420 was chosen. Data was collected, and both structural and measurement models were used to assess it. The results of the study demonstrate that personality traits have a significant influence on how successful SMEs function. The results also demonstrate that personality traits have a positive impact on SMEs' environmental performance. These findings suggest that sustaining operational and environmental performance may be accomplished by resource allocation, promoting diversity and inclusion, and employing trustworthy assessment methods. To enhance both their overall operational performance and their environmental performance in particular, the study advises SME operators in Nigeria to undertake proper management of personality traits for sustainability. The paper recommends for greater research on this subject and emphasises the necessity of understanding how personality factors impact operational and environmental performance in Nigerian SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviewed the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, quality-of-life assessment and recent trends in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Relevant articles on AGA from PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and Scopus from 1950 to 2024 were obtained and scrutinized.. Key search words included each term like 'androgenetic alopecia', 'androgenic alopecia', 'pattern baldness' and 'pattern hair loss' AND each term like 'epidemiology', 'pathophysiology', 'genetics', 'hormones', 'micronutrient', 'stress and inflammation', 'growth factors', 'clinical features', 'staging', 'cardiovascular associations', 'diagnosis' and 'management' were used in the search. AGA is a non-scarring hair loss that is exemplified by a progressive decline of hair follicles, or non-functional or dead hair follicles in the scalp in a defined pattern. It is the most common hair loss, more common in men but can also present in younger age as premature AGA. Hormones, genetics, micronutrient deficiency, microinflammation and stress have been implicated, while psychosocial distress and cutaneous correlate of cardiovascular diseases have become sources of relentless research. AGA is a patterned hair loss that is more prevalent in Men. It results from the interactions between hormonal, genetic and other factors which determine the extent of hair loss and associated disorders (psychosocial and cardiovascular). As results of more research become available, the extent of AGA, its comorbidities as well as the full spectrum of their manifestations will continue to be sources of health education and more holistic examination by dermatologists and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Right ventricular dysplasia (RVD) is a rare disease of the heart that primarily affects the right ventricle. It is a clinical and pathological entity that presents classically with palpitations, syncope, or even sudden death. It presents rarely in the elderly. Where sudden death is the first and only presentation, an autopsy is required to make the diagnosis. However, the pathomorphological features of RVD can easily be overlooked or missed at autopsy. We report the case of a 68-year-old male with the past medical history of hypertension, gout and inflammatory bowel syndrome. He was admitted on account of difficulty in breathing, abdominal swelling and reduced urination. Physical examination revealed hypertension with cardiac murmurs, widespread crepitations, distended abdomen and lower limb oedema. Provisional diagnoses of acute-on-chronic kidney disease and congestive cardiac failure secondary to hypertensive heart disease, precipitated by probable gastrointestinal infection were made. While on admission, he had an episode of syncope. Electrocardiogram revealed bigeminy and bradycardic sinus rhythm with unifocal ventricular premature contraction. He died after 10 weeks of admission. Autopsy revealed an enlarged heart weighing 600gm; there was thinning of the apical aspect of the right ventricular wall with subtotal fibrofatty replacement. Microscopic examination revealed a transmural replacement of cardiac myocytes by fibroadipose tissue extending inwards, in the most parts, from the epicardium to the endocardial surface. Our aim is to increase the awareness of these pathomorphological features among anatomic/forensic pathologists.

PVT1, a long non-coding RNA has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. Recent advancements have led to increasing discovery of the critical roles of PVT1 in cancer initiation and progression. Novel insight is emerging about PVT1's mechanism of action in different cancers. Identifying and understanding the variety of activities of PVT1 involved in cancers is a necessity for the development of PVT1 as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target in cancers where PVT1 is dysregulated. PVT1's varied activities include overexpression, modulation of miRNA expression, protein interactions, targeting of regulatory genes, formation of fusion genes, functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and interactions with MYC, among many others. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of PVT1 interactions in cancers has aided understanding of the numerous pathways involved in PVT1 contribution to carcinogenesis in a cancer type—specific manner. However, these recent findings show that there is much more to be learned to be able to fully exploit PVT1 for cancer prognostication and therapy. In this review, we summarize some of the latest findings on PVT1's oncogenic activities, signaling networks and how targeting these networks can be a strategy for cancer therapy.

Adeolu Oladayo Akinboro,1 Ogochukwu Ifeanyi Ezejiofor,2 Fatai Olatunde Olanrewaju,3 Mufutau Muphy Oripelaye,3 Olatunde Peter Olabode,4 Olugbenga Edward Ayodele,4 Emmanuel Olaniyi Onayemi3 1Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 2Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria; 3Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University and OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria Background: Acne and facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are relatively common clinical conditions among adolescents and young adults, and inflict psychosocial injuries on sufferers.Objective: To document the psychosocial and self-esteem implications of acne and facial hyperpigmentation on newly admitted undergraduates.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 undergraduates. Demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained and acne was graded using the US Food and Drug Administration 5-category global system of acne classification. Participants completed the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and data were analyzed using SPSS 20.Results: Mean age of acne onset was 16.24 ± 3.32 years. There were 168 (84.0%) cases categorized as almost clear, 24 (12.0%) as mild acne, 4 (2.0%) as moderate acne and 4 (2.0%) as severe acne. Acne with facial hyperpigmentation, compared to acne without hyperpigmentation, was associated with significant level of anxiety in 30 participants (26.5% vs 10.3%, p=0.004) and emotional distress in 40 (35.4% vs 10.3%, p

BACKGROUND: Skin diseases are major health problems especially in resource poor countries and one of the most frequent conditions informing hospital visit. Despite its low mortality, morbidity is however remarkable due partly to meagre resources allocated to skin health care and inadequate dermatologists to manage the increasing number of cases. This preliminary study therefore seeks to evaluate the clinical characteristics of skin diseases in a newly established clinic in Owo, a semi-urban settlement, in South-western Nigeria. The data from this study can assist the health policy makers in prioritizing resources allocated to health to improve skin health and also creates awareness on how prevalent skin diseases are in this locality with a view to giving it the desired attention. METHODS: This was a retrospective study carried out between April, 2016 and March, 2017. Information comprising age, sex and diagnoses were retrieved from the medical records of all the patients that attended the Dermatology Clinic within the study period. RESULTS: We reviewed 204 patients' medical records within the study period. The mean age was 33.88 ± 20.57 (SD) years with age ranged between seven months and 81 years. The females formed 55.4% of the patients with male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Infections had the highest prevalence of 33.3% with about half being fungal infections (16.2%). Infections of public health importance like leprosy and onchocerciasis were 1.0% each. Scabies was seen in significant number (6.4%) of the patients. Papulosquamous and reactive dermatoses were seen with equal proportion (10.8% each). Vitiligo was the most common pigmentary disorders found in this study. Acne and acneform eruptions was 5.4%. Atopic dermatitis was the predominant dermatitis seen among the patients with eczema. CONCLUSIONS: Infectious dermatoses remain the commonest cause of skin diseases. Addressing poverty, institutingpublic health preventive measures and increase access to dermatologist will enhance patients' skin health. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: There is no conflict of interest. RUNNING TITLE: Skin diseases newly established dermatology clinic

Background: Wolf’s isotopic response is the development of new lesions on old scar. Although this phenomenon is uncommon, most of the reported cases have been associated with development new lesions on the previously healed scar of herpes zoster infections. Case Report: Our patient is 74 year old woman with generalized vitiligo who demonstrated Wolf’s isotopic response by developing new lesions of vitiligo along the track of old scar (tribal mark). Conclusion: The exhibition of Wolf’s Isotopic response on old tribal mark, may transform a benign, asymptomatic tribal mark into a clinically significant feature which may aid the diagnosis of vitiligo.

Studies have examined the negative effects of drug markets on neighbourhoods. But few explore the views of drug sellers. Drawing on 31 in-depth interviews with Nigerian retail drug sellers, we explore why they sell drugs, the effects of drug markets on neighbourhoods, and how they navigate social and legal problems. The participants sold drugs as a means of livelihood in the context of poverty and economic decline. Drug market activities were seen as nuisance, and as fostering crime and violence in neighbourhoods. These views stirred opposition from residents and led to police raids on drug scenes. Drug sellers navigated policing and opposition by concealing drug trade, selling covertly and reducing nuisance among other strategies. We argue that retail drug trade is shaped by the imperatives of survival in the context of poverty. Providing alternative means of livelihood for drug sellers offers potential to curb drug selling and related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a commonly encounter cutaneous drug reaction at the dermatology clinics. The diagnosis is made when a characteristic lesion occurred repeatedly at the same site following re-exposure to the precipitating agent. We are presenting Moringa oleifera as a cause of FDE in a 55 year old man making the plant part of the growing list of implicating agents causing FDE. The mechanism by which it causes the lesion may not be completely understood but may probably be due to high sulphur content in the leaf extracts. The sulphur may serve as hapten and activate CD 8+ effector/memory T- cell leading to generation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma which causes tissue damage.