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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Internal 3D-structure of pansy seed at three stages of germination.

We report on the development of a high throughput x-ray diffractometer (XRD) that concurrently measures spatially resolved x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of epitaxial thin films integrated on a substrate. A convergent x-ray is focused into a stripe on a substrate and the diffracted beam is detected with a two-dimensional x-ray detector, so that the snapshot image represents a mapping of XRD intensity with the axes of the diffraction angle and the position in the sample. High throughput characterization of crystalline structure is carried out for a BaxSr1-xTiO3 composition-spread film on a SrTiO3 substrate. Not only the continuous spread of the composition (x), but also the continuous spread of the growth temperature (T) are given to the film by employing a special heating method. The boundary between the strained lattice and relaxed lattice is visualized by the concurrent XRD as function of x and T in a high throughput fashion.

The anomalous x-ray scattering (AXS) measurements for molten CuBr have been made using the energies close to the Cu K(8.980 keV) and Br K (13.470 keV) absorption edges for estimating three partial structural functions, Cu-Cu, Br-Br and Cu-Br pairs by combining with the intensity data obtained at the energy of 17.0 keV, which is far from both edges. The data processing for obtaining three partials includes the help of the reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation technique. The resultant structure factor of a_(Q) for cation-cation pairs was found to be rather structureless and the closest Cu-Cu distance in molten CuBr was significantly smaller than that of a_(Q) for anion-anion pairs, suggesting the like-ion penetration into the first unlike-ion coordination shell, similar to the molten CuCl case. The effective pair potentials of molten CuBr were also estimated from these experimental partial structural data by applying the modified hypernetted-chain (MHNC) equation coupled with a "predictor-corrector method" originally proposed by Reatto et al. in 1986 for a single component liquid system. It may be worth mentioning that the resultant pair potential for Cu-Cu pairs shows remarkable shielding for the Coulomb repulsion in its nearest neighbor region.

The anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) technique has been applied to obtain the environmental RDFs around germanium and bismuth in glassy 70GeO_230Bi_2O_3 from differential intensities measured at the Ge K and Bi L_ absorption edges using synchrotron radiation. The analysis of the RDFs shows that environmental structure around germanium and bismuth is quite similar to that in Bi_4Ge_3O_ crystal. EXAFS analysis is also made in order to confirm the local coordination number of oxygen around the constituent cations. Then, the structural model of glassy 70GeO_230Bi_2O_3 was proposed by reproducing the intensity variation measured at Ge K and Bi L_ edges, including the ordinary interference function.