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Objective(s): Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health concern worldwide due to its high incidence, mortality rate, and resistance to conventional treatments. The discovery of new targets for cancer therapy is essential to improve the survival of CRC patients. Here, this study aims to present a finding that identifies the STAT6 oncogene as a potent therapeutic target for CRC.Materials and Methods: HT-29 CRC cells were transfected with STAT6 siRNA and treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone and combined. Then, to evaluate cellular proliferation and apoptosis percentage, MTT assay and annexin V/PI staining were carried out, respectively. Moreover, the migration ability of HT-29 cells was followed using a wound-healing assay, and a colony formation assay was performed to explore cell stemness features. Gene expression was quantified via qRT-PCR. Afterward, functional enrichment analysis was used to learn in-depth about the STAT6 co-expressed genes and the pathways to which they belong.Results: Our study shows that silencing STAT6 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhances the chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU, a commonly used chemotherapy drug, by inducing apoptosis, reducing proliferation, and inhibiting metastasis. These results suggest that combining 5-FU with STAT6-siRNA could provide a promising strategy for CRC treatment.Conclusion: Our study sheds light on the potential of STAT6 as a druggable target for CRC cancers, the findings offer hope for more effective treatments for CRC patients, especially those with advanced stages that are resistant to conventional therapies.

Abstract Breast cancer continues to pose a substantial worldwide health concern, demanding a thorough comprehension of the complex interaction between cancerous cells and the immune system. Recent studies have shown the significant function of exosomes in facilitating intercellular communication and their participation in the advancement of cancer. Tumor-derived exosomes have been identified as significant regulators in the context of breast cancer, playing a crucial role in modulating immune cell activity and contributing to the advancement of the illness. This study aims to investigate the many effects of tumor-derived exosomes on immune cells in the setting of breast cancer. Specifically, we will examine their role in influencing immune cell polarization, facilitating immunological evasion, and modifying the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore the nascent domain of exosomes produced from immune cells and their prospective involvement in the prevention of breast cancer. This paper focuses on new research that emphasizes the immunomodulatory characteristics of exosomes produced from immune cells. It also explores the possibility of these exosomes as therapeutic agents or biomarkers for the early identification and prevention of breast cancer. The exploration of the reciprocal connections between exosomes formed from tumors and immune cells, together with the rising significance of exosomes derived from immune cells, presents a potential avenue for the advancement of novel approaches in the field of breast cancer therapy and prevention.

Abstract In recent decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) has turned into one of the most widespread malignancies, and the incidence of this malignancy is expected to increase. Despite considerable improvements in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis, and the management of CRC face many problems. Likely, the main limitation in the successful treatment of CRC is the lack of appropriate clinical therapeutic targets. As an effective target, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are regulated by a wide range of genes and involved in cellular processes, including cell growth, migration, invasion, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis. Aberrant regulation of STAT3 signaling leads to cellular dysfunction, diseases, and malignancies, including CRC. Consequently, targeting this signaling pathway is considered one of the therapeutic strategies used in CRC treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules with partial or no protein-coding activity that participate in gene regulation at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels and regulate multiple signaling pathways, including STAT3 signaling (especially JAK/STAT). Therefore, these regulatory molecules are suggested to be very promising targets to present new insights into overcoming the limitations of conventional therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the current review study aimed to summarize the therapeutic and diagnostic significance of miRNAs and lncRNAs and their therapeutic and diagnostic significance related to the expression and activity of STAT3 in CRC.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with a high mortality rate worldwide. While surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have shown some effectiveness in improving survival rates, they come with drawbacks such as side effects and harm to healthy tissues. The theranostic approach, which integrates the processes of cancer diagnosis and treatment, can minimize biological side effects. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging treatment method that usages light-sensitive agents to generate heat at the tumor site and induce thermal erosion. The development of nanotechnology for CRC treatment using imaging-guided PTT has garnered significant. Nanoparticles with suitable physical and chemical properties can enhance the efficiency of cancer diagnosis and PTT. This approach enables the monitoring of cancer treatment progress and safeguards healthy tissues. In this article, we concisely introduce the application of metal nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and carbon nanoparticles in imaging-guided PTT of colorectal cancer.