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Introduction:intraocular pressure changes have been reported following the various cataract surgical technique. This study aims to compare the intra-ocular pressure (IOP) variation following conventional extra-capsular cataract extraction (ECCE), manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification in an indigenous black population. Methods:a comparative cross-sectional study of adult patients aged 40 years and above who had pressure was measured with Goldman´s applanation tonometer pre-operatively and 1stday, 1stweek, 1stmonth as well as 3rdmonth post-operative periods and recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean IOP changes between study groups were compared using ANOVA. P-value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results:total of 82 patients consisting of 20(24.4%) ECCE, 32(39%) MSICS and 30(36.6%) phacoemulsification with mean preoperative 13.4mmHg, 13.5mmHg and 14.1 mmHg (p = 0.657) respectively was studied. Mean IOP increased from baseline at 1st day post-operative period in the ECCE and MSICS groups (13.4 ± 3.0mmHg to 13.7 ± 4.5mmHg (p = 0.84) and 13.5 ± 3.1mmHg to 15.3 ± 5.1mmHg (P = 0.48) respectively), and decrease in the phacoemulsification group (14.1 ± 2.6mmHg to 13.9 ± 3.5mmHg (p = 0.378). There was a decline in IOP in all the 3 study groups by one week post-operative period; the difference was significant only in the ECCE group (p = 0.032). By 3rdmonth postoperatively, there was a reduction in mean IOP when compared with pre-operative IOP the difference being greatest in the ECCE group. Conclusion:ECCE, MSICS, and Phacoemulsification cause a decline in IOP below preoperative levels at 3rdmonth postoperatively in the MSICS group.

Objective: To determine the indications and pattern of surgical removal of the eyeball at a Tertiary Hospital in South Western Nigeria.Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of case files and theatre records of all patients who had evisceration, enucleation, or exenteration at the ophthalmic theatres of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife between July 2005 and June 2013 was done. Information on age, sex, indication for surgery, and the type of surgery was analyzed using SPSS 16 software.Results: Eighty eyes of 79 patients, age, ranged from 3 months to 88 years with a male: female ratio of 3.4:1 were surgically removed. The major indications for surgery were ocular trauma (43.8%), orbito‑ocular neoplasm (22.5%), fulminant ocular infection (15%), and staphyloma (12.5%). Children accounted for 33.8% of all cases reviewed.Conclusion: Indications for eye removal in our geographical area of practice are largely preventable and similar to those reported in major Nigerian cities and other developing countries, but dissimilar to what obtains in many developed countries.Keywords: Enucleation, evisceration, exenteration, eye removal

Background and objectives Pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy can produce changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) that may be influenced by several factors. In this study, we investigated changes in IOP during laparoscopy with different positioning. Methods We recruited adult patients without eye disease scheduled to undergo laparoscopic operation requiring a reverse Trendelenburg tilt (rTr; group A; n = 20) or Trendelenburg tilt (Tr; Group B; n = 20). IOP was measured at 7 time points (T1-T7). All procedures were performed with standardized anaesthetic protocol. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), peak and plateau airway pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) measurements were taken at each time point. Results Both groups were similar in age, sex, mean body mass index (BMI), duration of surgery, and preoperative IOP. A decrease in IOP was observed in both groups after induction of anaesthesia (T2), whereas induction of pneumoperitoneum produced a mild increase in IOP (T3) in both groups. The Trendelenburg tilt produced IOP elevations in 80% of patients compared to 45% after the reverse Trendelenburg tilt (P = .012). A significant IOP increase of 5 mm Hg or more was recorded in 3 (15%) patients in the Trendelenburg tilt group and in none in the reverse Trendelenburg group. At T7, IOP had returned to preoperative levels in all but 3 (15%) in the Trendelenburg and 1 (5%) in the reverse Trendelenburg group. Reversible changes were observed in the MAP, HR, ETCO2, and airway pressures in both groups. Conclusions IOP changes induced by laparoscopy are realigned after evacuation of pneumoperitoneum. A Trendelenburg tilt however produced significant changes that may require careful patient monitoring during laparoscopic procedures.

We describe a patient who had uneventful excision of bilateral nasal pterygia using bare sclera technique with adjunctive topical antimetabolite therapy and subsequently developed bilateral corneoscleral dellen. A 44-year old Nigerian male presented with signs of bilateral nasal pterygia and had surgery done on both eyes. The pterygia excisions were performed under local anaesthesia using bare sclera technique with intraoperative adjunctive antimetabolite application. There was no post-operative complication until after 23 days with the appearance of bilateral corneal and sclera dellen, first on the left eye then the right with 5 days interval between both eyes. Treatment modality involved topical lubricant therapy, alternating eye patching and bandage contact lens. Corneal and sclera epithelization occurred in both eyes after six weeks of medical therapy with a slightly inflamed recurrent pterygium in the right eye. Corneal and sclera dellen is a rare late complication of uneventful pterygium excision with adjunctive therapy and it can however be managed effectively by medical therapy albeit increased risk of early recurrence of the pterygium.