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In 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b became enzootic and caused mass mortality in Sandwich TernThalasseus sandvicensis and other seabird species across north-western Europe. We present data on the characteristics of the spread of the virus between and within breeding colonies and the number of dead adult Sandwich Terns recorded at breeding sites throughout north-western Europe. Within two months of the first reported mortalities, 20,531 adult Sandwich Terns were found dead, which is >17% of the total north-western European breeding population. This is probably an under-representation of total mortality, as many carcasses are likely to have gone unnoticed and unreported. Within affected colonies, almost all chicks died. After the peak of the outbreak, in a colony established by late breeders, 25.7% of tested adults showed immunity to HPAI subtype H5. Removal of carcasses was associated with lower levels of mortality at affected colonies. More research on the sources and modes of transmission, incubation times, effective containment, and immunity is urgently needed to combat this major threat for colonial seabirds.

Bakgrund Enligt Socialstyrelsen ska all omvårdnad av personer med demenssjukdom bedrivas personcentrerat. En stor del av denna omvårdnad sker i privata och kommunala särskilda boenden. Levnadsberättelsen för personer med demenssjukdom beskrivs som ett viktigt verktyg i den personcentrerade omvårdnaden. Syfte Syftet med studien är att beskriva undersköterskans erfarenheter av arbetet med levnadsberättelser i omvårdnaden av personer med demenssjukdom på särskilt boende. Metod Kvalitativ intervjustudie med tematisk analys. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförde med fyra undersköterskor som arbetade på särskilt boende för personer med demenssjukdom. Resultat Resultatet i föreliggande studie presenteras i form av tre huvudteman och sex underteman. Huvudtemana som presenteras är; ”Stöd för personcentrering” som handlar om undersköterskans erfarenhet av att använda levnadsberättelsen som ett sätt att lättare utforma omvårdnaden på ett personcentrerat sätt. ”Att förstå människan bakom berättelsen” som handlar om undersköterskans erfarenhet av att genom levnadsberättelsen lättare kunna tolka och förstå reaktioner och beteenden hos den demenssjuke. ”Någon annans berättelse” som berör undersköterskans erfarenhet av att det är någon annan än den demenssjuke som styrt innehållet i levnadsberättelsen. Slutsatser De slutsatser som dras av denna studie är att levnadsberättelsen är en grundpelare för personcentrerad omvårdnad. Levnadsberättelsen måste betraktas som och användas som ett levande dokument. Rutinerna för insamlande och revidering av levnadsberättelsen måste utvecklas. Levnadsberättelsen kan underlätta men aldrig ersätta relationsbyggandet mellan den demenssjuka personen och vårdaren., Background The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare states that all caring for people with dementia shall be done with a person-centered approach. A large amount of this care takes its place in private and community nursing homes. Using life stories for people with dementia is described as an important tool for person-centred care. Aim The aim of this study is to describe the associate nurses' experience of life story work in caring for people with dementia in nursing homes. Method Qualitative interview study with thematic analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four associate nurses working in a nursing home for people with dementia. Results The result of the present study is presented in three main themes and six subthemes. The man themes presented is: “A support for person-centredness” which deals with the associate nurse’s experience of using the life story as a way to make the caring more personcentered. “To understand the person behind the story” which deals with the associate nurse’s experience of using the life story to easier interpretet and understand reactions and behaviours of the person with dementia. ”Someone else’s story” Which delas with the experience of the associate nurse that there is someone other than the person with dementia that have controlled the content of the life story. Conclusions The conclusions drawn by this study is that the life story is a cornerstone in person-centered care. The life story must be looked upon and used as a living document. The routines for collection and revision of life stories need further development. The life story can help but never replace the building of relationships between the person with dementia and the carer.

The arctic tern Sterna paradisaea completes the longest known annual return migration on Earth, traveling between breeding sites in the northern arctic and temperate regions and survival/molt areas in the Antarctic pack‐ice zone. Salomonsen (1967, Biologiske Meddelelser, Copenhagen Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 24, 1) put forward a hypothetical comprehensive interpretation of this global migration pattern, suggesting food distribution, wind patterns, sea ice distribution, and molt habits as key ecological and evolutionary determinants. We used light‐level geolocators to record 12 annual journeys by eight individuals of arctic terns breeding in the Baltic Sea. Migration cycles were evaluated in light of Salomonsen's hypotheses and compared with results from geolocator studies of arctic tern populations from Greenland, Netherlands, and Alaska. The Baltic terns completed a 50,000 km annual migration circuit, exploiting ocean regions of high productivity in the North Atlantic, Benguela Current, and the Indian Ocean between southern Africa and Australia (sometimes including the Tasman Sea). They arrived about 1 November in the Antarctic zone at far easterly longitudes (in one case even at the Ross Sea) subsequently moving westward across 120–220 degrees of longitude toward the Weddell Sea region. They departed from here in mid‐March on a fast spring migration up the Atlantic Ocean. The geolocator data revealed unexpected segregation in time and space between tern populations in the same flyway. Terns from the Baltic and Netherlands traveled earlier and to significantly more easterly longitudes in the Indian Ocean and Antarctic zone than terns from Greenland. We suggest an adaptive explanation for this pattern. The global migration system of the arctic tern offers an extraordinary possibility to understand adaptive values and constraints in complex pelagic life cycles, as determined by environmental conditions (marine productivity, wind patterns, low‐pressure trajectorie

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur fritidslärare uttrycker att deras kompetens tas tillvara i de arbetsuppgifter som de har under den obligatoriska skolan. Studien är kvalitativ och empirin utgörs av intervjuer med sju fritidslärare, som är valda utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval. Resultatet visar att deltagarna antar olika roller under den obligatoriska skolan med varierande arbetsuppgifter. Arbete med sociala relationer nämns som en av fritidslärares främsta kompetens och som de har användning för i alla roller under den obligatoriska skolan. Det framkommer att många deltagare vill arbeta mer fritidspedagogiskt i den obligatoriska skolan än vad de gör i dagsläget. De nämner bland annat att de vill ägna sig mer åt värdegrundsarbete samt få komplettera den teoretiska klassrumsundervisningen med praktisk undervisning. Även rollen som rastvärd nämns som ett förbättringsområde där fritidslärares kompetens hade kunnat tillvaratas mer än i nuläget. Ett nära samarbete med klasslärare ses som en förutsättning för att kunna utveckla fritidslärares yrkesroll.

This paper examines conventional bankruptcy prediction models under the thesis that such models perform better when applied to adjusted financial statement data, rather than to reported data. This hypothesis is tested by revisiting already existing bankruptcy models as well as developing two new models for predicting imminent corporate failures. The result of the study reveals that financial adjustments are not necessary for conventional bankruptcy prediction models, whereas such adjustments lead to improved predictive accuracy for our models. So even though the necessity of using recasted financials in other areas of finance is generally accepted, we find that this necessity is not as apparent within the field of bankruptcy prediction.

Udgivelsesdato: March 2010, Loop migration among birds is characterized by the spring route lying consistently west or east of the autumn route. The existence of loops has been explained by general wind conditions or seasonal differences in habitat distribution. Loop migration has predominantly been studied at the population level, for example by analysing ring recoveries. Here we study loop migration of individual marsh harriersCircus aeruginosus tracked by satellite telemetry. We show that despite a generally narrow migration corridor the harriers travelled in a distinct clockwise loop through Africa and southern Europe, following more westerly routes in spring than in autumn. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to identify potential feeding habitat in Africa. Suitable habitat seemed always more abundant along the western route, both in spring and autumn, and no important stopover site was found along the eastern route. Observed routes did thus not coincide with seasonal variation in habitat availability. However, favourable habitat might be more important during spring migration, when the crossing of the Sahara seems more challenging, and thus habitat availability might play an indirect role in the harriers' route choice. Grid-based wind data were used to reconstruct general wind patterns, and in qualitative agreement with the observed loop marsh harriers predominantly encountered westerly winds in Europe and easterly winds in Africa, both in autumn and in spring. By correlating tail- and crosswinds with forward and perpendicular movement rates, respectively, we show that marsh harriers are partially drifted by wind. Thus, we tentatively conclude that wind rather than habitat seems to have an overriding effect on the shape of the migration routes of marsh harriers. General wind conditions seem to play an important role also in the evolution of narrow migratory loops as demonstrated for individual marsh harriers.

With an English summary (14-27)

Övningshäftet innehåller bl. a. följande dokument: Lag och förordning om kärnteknisk verksamhet 1984 Lag om hushållning med naturresurser m.m. 1987 Regeringens proposition med förslag till lag om hushållning med naturresurser 1987 Tidningsartiklar om loka, Anm. Detta är ett studiematerial för grundkurser i miljöpolitik, miljöförvaltning och miljörättvid universitet och högskolor