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2. Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits

Author

Azua-Bustos, Armando, Fairén, Alberto G., González-Silva, Carlos, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Carrizo, Daniel, Sánchez-García, Laura, Parro, Victor, Fernández-Martínez, Miguel Ángel, Escudero, Cristina, Muñoz-Iglesias, Victoria, Fernández-Sampedro, Maite, Molina, Antonio, Villadangos, Miriam García, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Wierzchos, Jacek, Ascaso, Carmen, Fornaro, Teresa, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Veneranda, Marco, López-Reyes, Guillermo, Sanz-Arranz, Aurelio, Rull, Fernando, Ollila, Ann M., Wiens, Roger C., Reyes-Newell, Adriana, Clegg, Samuel M., Millan, Maëva, Johnson, Sarah Stewart, McIntosh, Ophélie, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Sekine, Yasuhito, Fukushi, Keisuke, Morida, Koki, Inoue, Kosuke, Sakuma, Hiroshi, and Rampe, Elizabeth

Published
2023
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3. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, IV, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Published
2021
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4. Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Azua-Bustos, Armando, Farién, Alberto G., González-Silva, Carlos, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Carrizo, Daniel, Sánchez-García, Laura, Parro, Víctor, Fernández-Martínez, Miguel Ángel, Escudero, Cristina, Muñoz-Iglesias, Victoria, Fernández-Sampedro, Maite, Molina, Antonio, García Villadangos, Miriam, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Wierzchos, Jacek, Ascaso, Carmen, Fornaro, Teresa, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Manrique, José Antonio, Veneranda, Marco, López-Reyes, Guilermo, Sanz-Arranz, Aurelio, Rull, Fernando, Ollila, Ann M., Wiens, Roger C., Reyes-Newell, Adriana, Clegg, Samuel M., Millán, Maëva, Stewart Johnson, Sarah, McIntosh, Ophélie, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Sekine, Yasuhito, Fukushi, Keisuke, Morida, Koki, Inoue, Kosuke, Sakuma, Hiroshi, Rampe, Elisabeth, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Azua-Bustos, Armando, Farién, Alberto G., González-Silva, Carlos, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Carrizo, Daniel, Sánchez-García, Laura, Parro, Víctor, Fernández-Martínez, Miguel Ángel, Escudero, Cristina, Muñoz-Iglesias, Victoria, Fernández-Sampedro, Maite, Molina, Antonio, García Villadangos, Miriam, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Wierzchos, Jacek, Ascaso, Carmen, Fornaro, Teresa, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Manrique, José Antonio, Veneranda, Marco, López-Reyes, Guilermo, Sanz-Arranz, Aurelio, Rull, Fernando, Ollila, Ann M., Wiens, Roger C., Reyes-Newell, Adriana, Clegg, Samuel M., Millán, Maëva, Stewart Johnson, Sarah, McIntosh, Ophélie, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Sekine, Yasuhito, Fukushi, Keisuke, Morida, Koki, Inoue, Kosuke, Sakuma, Hiroshi, and Rampe, Elisabeth

Abstract

Identifying unequivocal signs of life on Mars is one of the most important objectives for sending missions to the red planet. Here we report Red Stone, a 163-100 My alluvial fan–fan delta that formed under arid conditions in the Atacama Desert, rich in hematite and mudstones containing clays such as vermiculite and smectites, and therefore geologically analogous to Mars. We show that Red Stone samples display an important number of microorganisms with an unusual high rate of phylogenetic indeterminacy, what we refer to as “dark microbiome”, and a mix of biosignatures from extant and ancient microorganisms that can be barely detected with state-of-the-art laboratory equipment. Our analyses by testbed instruments that are on or will be sent to Mars unveil that although the mineralogy of Red Stone matches that detected by ground-based instruments on the red planet, similarly low levels of organics will be hard, if not impossible to detect in Martian rocks depending on the instrument and technique used. Our results stress the importance in returning samples to Earth for conclusively addressing whether life ever existed on Mars.

Published
2023

5. Gale crater and impact processes – Curiosity’s first 364 Sols on Mars

Author

Newsom, Horton E., Mangold, Nicolas, Kah, Linda C., Williams, Joshua M., Arvidson, Ray E., Stein, Nathan, Ollila, Ann M., Bridges, John C., Schwenzer, Susanne P., King, Penelope L., Grant, John A., Pinet, Patrick, Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, III, Wiens, Roger C., Spray, John G., Vaniman, David T., Elston, Wolf E., Berger, Jeff A., Garvin, James B., and Palucis, Marisa C.

Published
2015
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6. Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data

Author

Lanza, Nina L., Ollila, Ann M., Cousin, Agnes, Wiens, Roger C., Clegg, Samuel, Mangold, Nicolas, Bridges, Nathan, Cooper, Daniel, Schmidt, Mariek, Berger, Jeffrey, Arvidson, Raymond, Melikechi, Noureddine, Newsom, Horton E., Tokar, Robert, Hardgrove, Craig, Mezzacappa, Alissa, Jackson, Ryan S., Clark, Benton, Forni, Olivier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Nachon, Marion, Anderson, Ryan B., Blank, Jennifer, Deans, Matthew, Delapp, Dorothea, Léveillé, Richard, McInroy, Rhonda, Martinez, Ronald, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, and Pinet, Patrick

Published
2015
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7. Reflectance of Jezero crater floor: 1. Data processing and calibration of the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) on SuperCam

Author

Royer, Clement, primary, Fouchet, Thierry, additional, Mandon, Lucia, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Poulet, Francois, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Legett, Carey, additional, Le Mouelic, Stephane, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, additional, Dehouck, Erwin, additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Pilorget, Cédric, additional, Bernardi, Pernelle, additional, Reess, Jean-Michel, additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Brown, Adrian Jon, additional, Newell, Raymond T, additional, Cloutis, Edward, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, and Wiens, Roger C., additional

Published
2022
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8. Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Udry, Arya, Beyssac, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Cousin, Agnès, Mandon, Lucia, Bosak, Tanja, Forni, Olivier, McLennan, Scott M., Sautter, Violaine, Brown, Adrian, Benzerara, Karim, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Mayhew, Lisa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel M., Crumpler, Larry, Gabriel, Travis S. J., Gasda, Patrick, Hall, James, Horgan, Briony H. N., Kah, Linda, Legett, Carey, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Ollila, Ann M., Poulet, Francois, Royer, Clement, Sharma, Shiv K., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Angel, S. Michael, Arana, Gorka, Beck, Pierre, Bernard, Sylvain, Bertrand, Tanguy, Bousquet, Bruno, Castro, Kepa, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Cloutis, Ed, Connell, Stephanie, Dehouck, Erwin, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, Woodward, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gupta, Sanjeev, Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Jacob, Xavier, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Leveille, Richard, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McConnochie, Tim, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mimoun, David, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Murdoch, Naomi, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Rapin, William, Rull, Fernando, Schröder, Susanne, Shuster, David L., Smith, Rebecca J., Stott, Alexander E., Tarnas, Jesse, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Vogt, David S., Weiss, Benjamin P., Willis, Peter, Stack, Kathryn M., Williford, Kenneth H., Farley, Kenneth A., Wiens, Roger C., Udry, Arya, Beyssac, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Cousin, Agnès, Mandon, Lucia, Bosak, Tanja, Forni, Olivier, McLennan, Scott M., Sautter, Violaine, Brown, Adrian, Benzerara, Karim, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Mayhew, Lisa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel M., Crumpler, Larry, Gabriel, Travis S. J., Gasda, Patrick, Hall, James, Horgan, Briony H. N., Kah, Linda, Legett, Carey, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Ollila, Ann M., Poulet, Francois, Royer, Clement, Sharma, Shiv K., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Angel, S. Michael, Arana, Gorka, Beck, Pierre, Bernard, Sylvain, Bertrand, Tanguy, Bousquet, Bruno, Castro, Kepa, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Cloutis, Ed, Connell, Stephanie, Dehouck, Erwin, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, Woodward, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gupta, Sanjeev, Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Jacob, Xavier, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Leveille, Richard, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McConnochie, Tim, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mimoun, David, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Murdoch, Naomi, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Rapin, William, Rull, Fernando, Schröder, Susanne, Shuster, David L., Smith, Rebecca J., Stott, Alexander E., Tarnas, Jesse, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Vogt, David S., Weiss, Benjamin P., Willis, Peter, Stack, Kathryn M., Williford, Kenneth H., and Farley, Kenneth A.

Abstract

Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.

Published
2022

11. CHEMISTRY OF MANGANESE-BEARING MATERIALS AT THE GROKEN DRILL SITE, GALE CRATER, MARS

Author

Lanza, Nina L., Patrick Gasda, Essunfeld Ari, Jade Comellas, Gwénaël Caravaca, Rampe, Elizabeth B., Williams, Amy J., Pierre-Yves Meslin, Erwin Dehouck, Nicolas Mangold, William Rapin, Hazen, Robert M., Fischer, Woodward W., Ollila, Ann M., Christopher House, Wiens, Roger C., Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Carnegie Institution for Science

Subjects
Groken, Manganese, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, drill, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Glen Torridon, Gale crater
Abstract

International audience; In July 2020, the Curiosity rover encountered a region of bedrock that contained an abundance of layered nodular features and highly unusual Mn- and sometimes P-rich chemistries (Fig.1a) in Glen Torridon (GT), a phyllosilicate-rich mudstone to sandstone deposit [1]. This sampling location was originally targeted at a distance as a site for the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument to perform one of its two tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) wet chemistry experiments [2] in the hopes that the new location would provide similar rocks to the previously analyzed clay-rich Glen Etive targets at approximately the same elevation [3].

Published
2021

12. Gale Crater and Impact Processes - Curiosity's First 364 Sols on Mars

Author

Newsom, Horton E, Mangold, Nicolas, Kah, Linda C, Williams, Joshua M, Arvidson, Ray E, Stein, Nathan, Ollila, Ann M, Bridges, John C, Schwenzer, Suzanne P, King, Penelope L, Grant, John A, Pinet, Patrick, Bridges, Nathan T, Calef, Fred, III, Wiens, Roger C, Spray, John G, Vaniman, David T, Elston, Wolf E, Berger, Jeff A, Garvin, James B, and Palucis, Marisa C

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Impact processes at all scales have been involved in the formation and subsequent evolution of Gale crater. Small impact craters in the vicinity of the Curiosity MSL landing site and rover traverse during the 364 Sols after landing have been studied both from orbit and the surface. Evidence for the effect of impacts on basement outcrops may include loose blocks of sandstone and conglomerate, and disrupted (fractured) sedimentary layers, which are not obviously displaced by erosion. Impact ejecta blankets are likely to be present, but in the absence of distinct glass or impact melt phases are difficult to distinguish from sedimentary/volcaniclastic breccia and conglomerate deposits. The occurrence of individual blocks with diverse petrological characteristics, including igneous textures, have been identified across the surface of Bradbury Rise, and some of these blocks may represent distal ejecta from larger craters in the vicinity of Gale. Distal ejecta may also occur in the form of impact spherules identified in the sediments and drift material. Possible examples of impactites in the form of shatter cones, shocked rocks, and ropy textured fragments of materials that may have been molten have been observed, but cannot be uniquely confirmed. Modification by aeolian processes of craters smaller than 40 m in diameter observed in this study, are indicated by erosion of crater rims, and infill of craters with aeolian and airfall dust deposits. Estimates for resurfacing suggest that craters less than 15 m in diameter may represent steady state between production and destruction. The smallest candidate impact crater observed is ∼0.6 m in diameter. The observed crater record and other data are consistent with a resurfacing rate of the order of 10 mm/Myr; considerably greater than the rate from impact cratering alone, but remarkably lower than terrestrial erosion rates.

Published
2014
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13. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author

Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger C., Bernardi, Pernelle, Cais, Philippe, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, T., Gasnault, Olivier, Reess, Jean-Michel, Deleuze, Muriel, Rull, Fernando, Manrique, José Antonio, Abbaki, S., Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Angel, S. M., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Battault, T., Beck, Pierre, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonafous, M., Bousquet, Bruno, Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Chapron, F., Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Clavé, E., Clegg, Sam, Cloutis, Edward, Collin, C., Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dameury, J. C., D'Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, Lauren, Dehouck, E., Delapp, Dorothea, De Los Santos, G., Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, Gilles, Dubois, Bruno, Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Frydenvang, Jens, Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, Ivair, González, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, John, Hassen Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, Nina, Lapauw, L., Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, L., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Leyrat, C., López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, Soren, Madsen, Morten, Mangold, Nicolas, Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martínez Frías, Jesús, Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McLennan, Scott M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montaron, C., Montmessin, Franck, Moros, J., Mousset, Valerie, Morizet, Y., Murdoch, Naomi, Newell, Raymond T., Newsom, Horton, Tuong, N. N., Ollila, Ann M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, Laurent, Parisot, J., Parot, Yann, Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, C., Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, Benjamin, Rambaud, D., Rapin, William, Romano, Philip J., Roucayrol, L., Royer, Clement, Ruellan, M., Sandoval, Benigno, Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, Shiv K., Sobrón, Pablo, Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, Vishnu, Standarovsky, D., Storms, Steven, Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, Peter, Wong, K. W., Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger C., Bernardi, Pernelle, Cais, Philippe, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, T., Gasnault, Olivier, Reess, Jean-Michel, Deleuze, Muriel, Rull, Fernando, Manrique, José Antonio, Abbaki, S., Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Angel, S. M., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Battault, T., Beck, Pierre, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonafous, M., Bousquet, Bruno, Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Chapron, F., Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Clavé, E., Clegg, Sam, Cloutis, Edward, Collin, C., Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dameury, J. C., D'Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, Lauren, Dehouck, E., Delapp, Dorothea, De Los Santos, G., Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, Gilles, Dubois, Bruno, Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Frydenvang, Jens, Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, Ivair, González, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, John, Hassen Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, Nina, Lapauw, L., Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, L., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Leyrat, C., López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, Soren, Madsen, Morten, Mangold, Nicolas, Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martínez Frías, Jesús, Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McLennan, Scott M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montaron, C., Montmessin, Franck, Moros, J., Mousset, Valerie, Morizet, Y., Murdoch, Naomi, Newell, Raymond T., Newsom, Horton, Tuong, N. N., Ollila, Ann M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, Laurent, Parisot, J., Parot, Yann, Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, C., Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, Benjamin, Rambaud, D., Rapin, William, Romano, Philip J., Roucayrol, L., Royer, Clement, Ruellan, M., Sandoval, Benigno, Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, Shiv K., Sobrón, Pablo, Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, Vishnu, Standarovsky, D., Storms, Steven, Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, Peter, and Wong, K. W.

Abstract

On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2-7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam's science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data.

Published
2021

14. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, Duran, George M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, José Antonio, Martínez, J. P., Martínez Frías, Jesús, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Peterson, C. Glen, Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroeder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobrón, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andrés, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, Willis, Peter, Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, Duran, George M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, José Antonio, Martínez, J. P., Martínez Frías, Jesús, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Peterson, C. Glen, Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroeder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobrón, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andrés, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Abstract

The SuperCam instrument suite provides theMars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam's body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m optical fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245-340 and 385-465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer containing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535-853 nm (105-7070 cm-1 Raman shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12 cm-1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool the

Published
2021

15. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover:Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, Willis, Peter, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Abstract

The SuperCam instrument suite provides the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam’s body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m optical fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245–340 and 385–465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer containing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535–853 nm (105–7070cm−1 Raman shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12cm−1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool t

Published
2021

16. Calibrating the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument for carbonate minerals on Mars

Author

Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Clegg, Samuel M., Ollila, Ann M., Humphries, Seth D., Newsom, Horton E., Barefield, James E., and Team, ChemCam

Subjects
Carbonate minerals -- Properties, Mars (Planet) -- Natural resources, Laser spectroscopy -- Methods, Laser spectroscopy -- Usage, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

The ChemCam instrument suite onboard the NASA Mars Science Laboratory rover includes the first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument for extraterrestrial applications. Here we examine carbonate minerals in a simulated martian environment to better understand the LIBS signature of these materials on Mars. Both chemical composition and rock type are determined using multivariate analysis techniques. Composition is confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. Our results show that ChemCam can recognize and differentiate between different types of carbonate materials on Mars. [c] 2010 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 300.6365, 350.6090, 120.0280.

Published
2010

17. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., primary, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Robinson, Scott H., additional, Nelson, Anthony E., additional, Cais, Philippe, additional, Bernardi, Pernelle, additional, Newell, Raymond T., additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Sharma, Shiv K., additional, Storms, Steven, additional, Deming, Jonathan, additional, Beckman, Darrel, additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, André, Yves, additional, Michael Angel, S., additional, Arana, Gorka, additional, Auden, Elizabeth, additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Becker, Joseph, additional, Benzerara, Karim, additional, Bernard, Sylvain, additional, Beyssac, Olivier, additional, Borges, Louis, additional, Bousquet, Bruno, additional, Boyd, Kerry, additional, Caffrey, Michael, additional, Carlson, Jeffrey, additional, Castro, Kepa, additional, Celis, Jorden, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Clark, Kevin, additional, Cloutis, Edward, additional, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Dale, Magdalena, additional, Deflores, Lauren, additional, Delapp, Dorothea, additional, Deleuze, Muriel, additional, Dirmyer, Matthew, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, George Duran, M., additional, Egan, Miles, additional, Ervin, Joan, additional, Fabre, Cecile, additional, Fau, Amaury, additional, Fischer, Woodward, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Fouchet, Thierry, additional, Fresquez, Reuben, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Gasway, Denine, additional, Gontijo, Ivair, additional, Grotzinger, John, additional, Jacob, Xavier, additional, Jacquinod, Sophie, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Klisiewicz, Roberta A., additional, Lake, James, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Laserna, Javier, additional, Lasue, Jeremie, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Legett, Carey, additional, Leveille, Richard, additional, Lewin, Eric, additional, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Love, Steven P., additional, Lucero, Briana, additional, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, additional, Madsen, Morten, additional, Madsen, Soren, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Manrique, Jose Antonio, additional, Martinez, J. P., additional, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, additional, McCabe, Kevin P., additional, McConnochie, Timothy H., additional, McGlown, Justin M., additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Michel, John M., additional, Mimoun, David, additional, Misra, Anupam, additional, Montagnac, Gilles, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Mousset, Valerie, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Ott, Logan A., additional, Ousnamer, Zachary R., additional, Pares, Laurent, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pawluczyk, Rafal, additional, Glen Peterson, C., additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Pont, Gabriel, additional, Poulet, Francois, additional, Provost, Cheryl, additional, Quertier, Benjamin, additional, Quinn, Heather, additional, Rapin, William, additional, Reess, Jean-Michel, additional, Regan, Amy H., additional, Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., additional, Romano, Philip J., additional, Royer, Clement, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, Sandoval, Benigno, additional, Sarrao, Joseph H., additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Schoppers, Marcel J., additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Seitz, Daniel, additional, Shepherd, Terra, additional, Sobron, Pablo, additional, Dubois, Bruno, additional, Sridhar, Vishnu, additional, Toplis, Michael J., additional, Torre-Fdez, Imanol, additional, Trettel, Ian A., additional, Underwood, Mark, additional, Valdez, Andres, additional, Valdez, Jacob, additional, Venhaus, Dawn, additional, and Willis, Peter, additional

Published
2020
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18. Standoff Biofinder: powerful search for life instrument for planetary exploration

Author

Misra, Anupam K., primary, Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., primary, Sandford, Macey, primary, Gasda, Patrick J., primary, Porter, John N., primary, Sharma, Shiv K., primary, Lucey, Paul, primary, Garmire, David, primary, Zhou, Jie, primary, Oyama, Tamra, primary, Acosta, Noah, primary, Wiens, Roger C., primary, Clegg, Samuel M., primary, Ollila, Ann M., primary, McKay, Chris P., primary, Abedin, M. Nurul, primary, and Egan, Miles J., primary

Published
2018
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19. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars: Manganese Fracture Fills in Gale Crater

Author

Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., McLennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-Torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, McBride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., VanBommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., and Zorzano, Marìa-Paz

Abstract

The Curiosity rover observed high Mn abundances (>25 wt % MnO) in fracture‐filling materials that crosscut sandstones in the Kimberley region of Gale crater, Mars. The correlation between Mn and trace metal abundances plus the lack of correlation between Mn and elements such as S, Cl, and C, reveals that these deposits are Mn oxides rather than evaporites or other salts. On Earth, environments that concentrate Mn and deposit Mn minerals require water and highly oxidizing conditions; hence, these findings suggest that similar processes occurred on Mars. Based on the strong association between Mn‐oxide deposition and evolving atmospheric dioxygen levels on Earth, the presence of these Mn phases on Mars suggests that there was more abundant molecular oxygen within the atmosphere and some groundwaters of ancient Mars than in the present day.

Published
2016

21. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars:Manganese Fracture Fills in Gale Crater

Author

Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., Mclennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcbride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., Vanbommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., Zorzano, Marìa-paz, Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., Mclennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcbride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., Vanbommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., and Zorzano, Marìa-paz

Published
2016

22. Trace element geochemistry (Li, Ba, Sr, and Rb) using Curiosity’s ChemCam: Early results for Gale crater from Bradbury Landing Site to Rocknest

Author

Ollila, Ann M., Newsom, H., Clark, Benton, Wiens, Roger C., Cousin, Agnes, Blank, Jen G., Mangold, Nicolas, Sautter, Violaine H., Maurice, Sylvestre, Clegg, Samuel M., Gasnault, Olivier, Forni, Olivier, Tokar, Robert, Lewin, Eric, Dyar, M. Darby, Lasue, Jeremie, Anderson, Ryan, McLennan, S., Bridges, John, Vaniman, Dave, Lanza, Nina, Fabre, Cecile, Melikechi, Noureddine, Perrett, Glynis M., Campbell, John L., King, Penelope L., Barraclough, Bruce, Delapp, Dorothea, Johnstone, Stephen, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Rosen-Gooding, Anya, Williams, Josh, MSL Science Team, and Martínez-Frías, J.

Subjects
Trace elements, ChemCam, Mars, Mars Science Laboratory, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Gale crater
Abstract

The ChemCam instrument package on the Mars rover, Curiosity, provides new capabilities to probe the abundances of certain trace elements in the rocks and soils on Mars using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique. We focus on detecting and quantifying Li, Ba, Rb, and Sr in targets analyzed during the first 100 sols, from Bradbury Landing Site to Rocknest. Univariate peak area models and multivariate partial least squares models are presented. Li, detected for the first time directly on Mars, is generally low (100 ppm and >1000 ppm, respectively. These analysis locations tend to have high Si and alkali abundances, consistent with a feldspar composition. Together, these trace element observations provide possible evidence of magma differentiation and aqueous alteration.

Published
2014

23. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars

Author

Lanza, Nina L., primary, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Arvidson, Raymond E., additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Fischer, Woodward W., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Hurowitz, Joel A., additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Rice, Melissa S., additional, Bell, James F., additional, Berger, Jeffrey A., additional, Blaney, Diana L., additional, Bridges, Nathan T., additional, Calef, Fred, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Clegg, Samuel M., additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Fisk, Martin R., additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Hardy, Keian R., additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Lasue, Jeremie, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Malin, Michael C., additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Martìn-Torres, Javier, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, McBride, Marie J., additional, Ming, Douglas W., additional, Newsom, Horton E., additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Thompson, Lucy M., additional, Treiman, Allan H., additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Vaniman, David T., additional, and Zorzano, Marìa-Paz, additional

Published
2016
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24. First detection of fluorine on Mars: Implications for Gale Crater's geochemistry

Author

Forni, Olivier, primary, Gaft, Michael, additional, Toplis, Michael J., additional, Clegg, Samuel M., additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Meslin, Pierre‐Yves, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, McInroy, Rhonda E., additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, Lanza, Nina L., additional, and Dyar, Melinda D., additional

Published
2015
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25. High manganese concentrations in rocks at Gale crater, Mars

Author

Lanza, Nina L., primary, Fischer, Woodward W., additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Grotzinger, John, additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Schmidt, Mariek, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, Clegg, Samuel M., additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Newsom, Horton E., additional, and Sautter, Violaine, additional

Published
2014
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28. Inverted channel deposits on the floor of Miyamoto crater, Mars

Author

Newsom, Horton E., primary, Lanza, Nina L., additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Wiseman, Sandra M., additional, Roush, Ted L., additional, Marzo, Giuseppe A., additional, Tornabene, Livio L., additional, Okubo, Chris H., additional, Osterloo, Mikki M., additional, Hamilton, Victoria E., additional, and Crumpler, Larry S., additional

Published
2010
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29. K-Rich Rubbly Bedrock at Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars: Investigating the Possible Presence of Illite

Author

Agnes Cousin, Matthieu Desjardins, Erwin Dehouck, Olivier Forni, Gael David, Gilles Berger, Gwénaël Caravaca, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Jeremie Lasue, Ollila, Ann M., William Rapin, Patrick Gasda, Sylvestre Maurice, Olivier Gasnault, Wiens, Roger C., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lunar and Planetary Institute, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
illite, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, potassium, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Glen Torridon, Gale crater, geochemistry
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: The Curiosity rover reached the Glen Torridon (GT) area around sol 2300 (January 2019). GT is known to display relatively strong and extensive smectite signatures from orbit [1]. During the last two years of exploring this area, Curiosity has revealed variations in chemical compositions correlated with bedrock facies [2-4]. The spatially dominant type of rock in the lowermost part of GT (which is a lateral continuation of the Jura member) is described as the "rubbly" bedrock because it outcrops as small pieces of bedrock embedded in soil. The rubbly bedrock is composed of finely-laminated mudstones and is characterized by enrichments in K2O and SiO2 [3], whereas the slabs of coherent bedrock adjacent to it are lower in K2O but enriched in MgO [3]. Another mudstone layer with a low MgO/high K2O type of composition is also observed in the overlying Knockfarril Hill member, between Glen Etive and Central Butte. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses performed by the CheMin instrument showed that the Jura coherent bedrock contains ~30 wt% of Fe-smectites [5]. However, no XRD analysis was performed on the rubbly bedrock, and the discussion below is thus based solely on elemental compositions measured by ChemCam [6,7]. The objective of this work is to discuss clues regarding the mineralogy of the GT rubbly bedrock: in particular whether the enrichment in K2O is related to partial illitization of the clay minerals, or to a mixing with K-feldspars? Elevated K2O abundances were previously observed in the Kimberley area [8-9], on the floor of Aeolis Palus [10], where CheMin results showed an associated enrichment in K-feldspar (sanidine) [9]. K-feldspars were also observed in igneous rocks such as trachytes [11,12]. In this study, data from the rubbly bedrock of GT are therefore compared to data from Kimberley and from the trachytic igneous rocks observed at Bradbury. Some plagioclase-rich igneous rocks are also used for comparison [12]. Methodology: ChemCam uses the LIBS technique to perform remote chemical analyzes [6,7,12]. The laser beam (300-500 µm, [13]) is large enough that it mostly samples mixtures of mineral phases (as opposed to pure phases), especially in mudstones. Therefore, we used trends in elemental ratios to interpret the mineralogy of the rocks. Compositions with a sum of oxides

30. Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars.

Author

Wiens RC, Udry A, Beyssac O, Quantin-Nataf C, Mangold N, Cousin A, Mandon L, Bosak T, Forni O, McLennan SM, Sautter V, Brown A, Benzerara K, Johnson JR, Mayhew L, Maurice S, Anderson RB, Clegg SM, Crumpler L, Gabriel TSJ, Gasda P, Hall J, Horgan BHN, Kah L, Legett C 4th, Madariaga JM, Meslin PY, Ollila AM, Poulet F, Royer C, Sharma SK, Siljeström S, Simon JI, Acosta-Maeda TE, Alvarez-Llamas C, Angel SM, Arana G, Beck P, Bernard S, Bertrand T, Bousquet B, Castro K, Chide B, Clavé E, Cloutis E, Connell S, Dehouck E, Dromart G, Fischer W, Fouchet T, Francis R, Frydenvang J, Gasnault O, Gibbons E, Gupta S, Hausrath EM, Jacob X, Kalucha H, Kelly E, Knutsen E, Lanza N, Laserna J, Lasue J, Le Mouélic S, Leveille R, Lopez Reyes G, Lorenz R, Manrique JA, Martinez-Frias J, McConnochie T, Melikechi N, Mimoun D, Montmessin F, Moros J, Murdoch N, Pilleri P, Pilorget C, Pinet P, Rapin W, Rull F, Schröder S, Shuster DL, Smith RJ, Stott AE, Tarnas J, Turenne N, Veneranda M, Vogt DS, Weiss BP, Willis P, Stack KM, Williford KH, and Farley KA

Abstract

Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.

Published
2022
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