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1. Development of large-volume $^{130}$TeO$_2$ bolometers for the CROSS $2\beta$ decay search experiment

Author: Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Berest, V., Bergé, L., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., Dumoulin, L., Ferella, F., Ferri, F., Gallas, A., Giuliani, A., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Konovalov, S. I., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Martinez, M., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Peinaud, Y., Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Rosier, Ph., Scarpaci, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on the development of thermal detectors based on large-size tellurium dioxide crystals (45x45x45 mm), containing tellurium enriched in $^{130}$Te to about 91%, for the CROSS double-beta decay experiment. A powder used for the crystals growth was additionally purified by the directional solidification method, resulting in the reduction of the concentration of impurities by a factor 10, to a few ppm of the total concentration of residual elements (the main impurity is Fe). The purest part of the ingot (the first ~200 mm, about 80% of the total length of the cylindrical part of the ingot) was determined by scanning segregation profiles of impurities and used for the $^{130}$TeO$_2$ powder production with no evidence of re-contamination. The crystal growth was verified with precursors produced from powder with natural Te isotopic composition, and two small-size (20x20x10 mm) samples were tested at a sea-level laboratory showing high bolometric and spectrometric performance together with acceptable $^{210}$Po content (below 10 mBq/kg). This growth method was then applied for the production of six large cubic $^{130}$TeO$_2$ crystals and 4 of them were taken randomly to be characterized at the Canfranc underground laboratory, in the CROSS-dedicated low-background cryogenic facility. Two $^{130}$TeO$_2$ samples were coated with a thin, $O$(100 nm), metal film in form of Al layer (on 4 sides) or AlPd grid (on a single side) to investigate the possibility to tag surface events by pulse-shape discrimination. Similarly to the small natural precursors, large-volume $^{130}$TeO$_2$ bolometers show high performance and even better internal purity ($^{210}$Po activity $\sim$ 1 mBq/kg, while activities of $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra are below 0.01 mBq/kg), satisfying requirements for the CROSS and, potentially, next-generation experiments., Comment: Submitted to JINST; 22 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

2. A novel mechanical design of a bolometric array for the CROSS double-beta decay experiment

Author: Auguste, D., Barabash, A. S., Berest, V., Bergé, L., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Ferri, F., Gallas, A., Giuliani, A., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Konovalov, S. I., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Martinez, M., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Peinaud, Y., Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Rosier, Ph., Scarpaci, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The CROSS experiment will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay using a specific mechanical structure to hold thermal detectors. The design of the structure was tuned to minimize the background contribution, keeping an optimal detector performance. A single module of the structure holds two scintillating bolometers (with a crystal size of 45x45x45 mm and a Ge slab facing the crystal's upper side) in the Cu frame, allowing for a modular construction of a large-scale array. Two designs are released: the initial $Thick$ version contains around 15% of Cu over the crystal mass (lithium molybdate, LMO), while this ratio is reduced to ~6% in a finer ($Slim$) design. Both designs were tested extensively at aboveground (IJCLab, France) and underground (LSC, Spain) laboratories. In particular, at LSC we used a pulse-tube-based CROSS facility to operate a 6-crystal array of LMOs enriched/depleted in $^{100}$Mo. The tested LMOs show high spectrometric performance in both designs; notably, the measured energy resolution is 5--7 keV FWHM at 2615 keV $\gamma$s, nearby the Q-value of $^{100}$Mo (3034 keV). Due to the absence of a reflective cavity around LMOs, a low scintillation signal is detected by Ge bolometers: ~0.3 keV (150 photons) for 1-MeV $\gamma$($\beta$) LMO-event. Despite that, an acceptable separation between $\alpha$ and $\gamma$($\beta$) events is achieved with most devices. The highest efficiency is reached with light detectors in the $Thick$ design thanks to a lower baseline noise width (0.05--0.09 keV RMS) when compared to that obtained in the $Slim$ version (0.10--0.35 keV RMS). Given the pivotal role of bolometric photodetectors for particle identification and random coincidences rejection, we will use the structure here described with upgraded light detectors, featuring thermal signal amplification via the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect, as also demonstrated in the present work., Comment: Submitted to JINST; 31 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2024

3. Searching for Beyond the Standard Model physics using the improved description of $^{100}$Mo $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay spectral shape with CUPID-Mo

Author: Augier, C., Barabash, A. S., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Borovlev, Yu. A., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chapellier, M., Chiesa, D., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Ferri, F., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Grigorieva, V. D., Gros, M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R., Imbert, L., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kleifges, M., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kotila, J., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Makarov, E. P., de Marcillac, P., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Navick, X. F., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Olivieri, E., Ouellet, J. L., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Redon, Th., Rojas, A., Rozov, S., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Shen, Y., Shlegel, V. N., Šimkovic, F., Singh, V., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Vagneron, L., Velázquez, M., War, B., Welliver, B., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yakushev, E., Zarytskyy, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The current experiments searching for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay also collect large statistics of Standard Model allowed two-neutrino double-$\beta$ ($2\nu\beta\beta$) decay events. These can be used to search for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics via $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay spectral distortions. $^{100}$Mo has a natural advantage due to its relatively short half-life, allowing higher $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay statistics at equal exposures compared to the other isotopes. We demonstrate the potential of the dual read-out bolometric technique exploiting a $^{100}$Mo exposure of 1.47 kg $\times$ y, acquired in the CUPID-Mo experiment at the Modane underground laboratory (France). We set limits on $0\nu\beta\beta$ decays with the emission of one or more Majorons, on $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay with Lorentz violation, and $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay with a sterile neutrino emission. In this analysis, we investigate the systematic uncertainty induced by modeling the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay spectral shape parameterized through an improved model, an effect never considered before. This work motivates searches for BSM processes in the upcoming CUPID experiment, which will collect the largest amount of $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay events among the next-generation experiments.
Published: 2024

4. BINGO innovative assembly for background reduction in bolometric $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiments

Author: Armatol, A., Augier, C., Bandac, I. C., Baudin, D., Benato, G., Berest, V., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Ferri, F., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Gomez, H., Gotti, C., Gras, Ph., Gros, M., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Lefevre, M., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Martinez, M., Mas, Ph., Mazzucato, E., Millot, J. F., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Rojas, A., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Tellier, O., Tretyak, V. I., Warot, G., Zampieri, Th., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: BINGO is a project aiming to set the grounds for large-scale bolometric neutrinoless double-beta-decay experiments capable of investigating the effective Majorana neutrino mass at a few meV level. It focuses on developing innovative technologies (a detector assembly, cryogenic photodetectors and active veto) to achieve a very low background index, of the order of $10^{-5}$ counts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. The BINGO demonstrator, called MINI-BINGO, is designed to investigate the promising double-beta-decay isotopes $^{100}$Mo and $^{130}$Te and it will be composed of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ and TeO$_2$ crystals coupled to bolometric light detectors and surrounded by a Bi$_4$Ge$_3$O$_{12}$-based veto. This will allow us to reject a significant background in bolometers caused by surface contamination from $\alpha$-active radionuclides by means of light yield selection and to mitigate other sources of background, such as surface contamination from $\beta$-active radionuclides, external $\gamma$ radioactivity, and pile-up due to random coincidence of background events. This paper describes an R\&D program towards the BINGO goals, particularly focusing on the development of an innovative assembly designed to reduce the passive materials within the line of sight of the detectors, which is expected to be a dominant source of background in next-generation bolometric experiments. We present the performance of two prototype modules -- housing four cubic (4.5-cm side) Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals in total -- operated in the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain within a facility developed for the CROSS double-beta-decay experiment., Comment: Submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth. A; 28 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

5. Searching for beyond the Standard Model physics using the improved description of 100Mo 2νββ decay spectral shape with CUPID-Mo

Author: Augier, C., Barabash, A. S., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Borovlev, Yu. A., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chapellier, M., Chiesa, D., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Ferri, F., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Grigorieva, V. D., Gros, M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R., Imbert, L., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kleifges, M., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kotila, J., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Makarov, E. P., de Marcillac, P., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Navick, X. F., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Olivieri, E., Ouellet, J. L., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Redon, Th., Rojas, A., Rozov, S., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Shen, Y., Shlegel, V. N., Šimkovic, F., Singh, V., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Vagneron, L., Velázquez, M., Ware, B., Welliver, B., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yakushev, E., Zarytskyy, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Published: 2024
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6. Test of $^{116}$CdWO$_4$ and Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers in the CROSS underground facility with upgraded detector suspension

Author: Ahmine, A., Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Berest, V., Bergé, L., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Ferri, F., Giuliani, A., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Helis, D. L., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Konovalov, S. I., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Martinez, M., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Peinaud, Y., Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Redon, Th., Rosier, Ph., Scarpaci, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Velazquez, M., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In preparation to the CROSS $2\beta$ decay experiment, we installed a new detector suspension with magnetic dumping inside a pulse-tube cryostat of a dedicated low-background facility at the LSC (Spain). The suspension was tested with two scintillating bolometers based on large-volume 116CdWO4 (CWO-enr) and Li2MoO4 (LMO) crystals. The former, a reference device, was used for testing new noise conditions and for comparing bolometric performance of an advanced Li2MoO4 crystal developed in the framework of the CLYMENE project, in view of next-generation double-beta decay experiments like CUPID. We cooled down detectors to 15 mK and achieved high performance for all tested devices. In particular both CWO-enr and LMO bolometers demonstrated the energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM for the 2.6 MeV gamma quanta, among the best for thermal detectors based on such compounds. The baseline noise resolution (FWHM) of the CWO-enr detector was improved by 2 keV, compared to the best previous measurement of this detector in the CROSS facility, while the noise of the Ge-based optical bolometer was improved by a factor 2, to 100 eV FWHM. Despite of the evident progress in the improving of noise conditions of the set-up, we see high-frequency harmonics of a pulse-tube induced noise, suggesting a noise pick-up by cabling. Another Ge light detector was assisted with the signal amplification exploiting the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect, which allowed to reach 20 eV FWHM noise resolution by applying 60 V electrode bias. Highly-efficient particle identification was achieved with both detectors, despite a low scintillation efficiency of the LMO material. The radiopurity level of the LMO crystal is rather high; only traces of 210Po and 226Ra were detected (0.1 mBq/kg each), while the 228Th activity is expected to be at least an order of magnitude lower, as well as a 40K activity is found to be < 6 mBq/kg., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST, 26 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2023

7. Measurement of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay rate and spectral shape of $^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo experiment

Author: Augier, C., Barabash, A. S., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, 6 M., Berge, L., Billard, J., Borovlev, Yu. A., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chapellier, M., Chiesa, D., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Ferri, F., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Grigorieva, V. D., Gros, M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kleifges, M., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kotila, J., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Makarov, E. P., de Marcillac, P., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Navick, X. -F., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Olivieri, E., Ouellet, J. L., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Redon, Th., Rojas, A., Rozov, S., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Shen, Y., Shlegel, V. N., Simkovic, F., Singh, V., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Vagneron, L., Velazquez, M., Ware, B., Welliver, B., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yakushev, E., Zarytskyy, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) is a yet unobserved nuclear process which would demonstrate Lepton Number violation, a clear evidence of beyond Standard Model physics. The process two neutrino double beta decay ($2\nu\beta\beta)$ is allowed by the Standard Model and has been measured in numerous experiments. In this letter, we report a measurement of $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay half-life of $^{100}$Mo to the ground state of $^{100}$Ru of $(7.07~\pm~0.02~\text{(stat.)}~\pm~0.11~\text{(syst.)})~\times~10^{18}$~yr by the CUPID-Mo experiment. With a relative precision of $\pm~1.6$ \% this is the most precise measurement to date of a $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay rate in $^{100}$Mo. In addition, we constrain higher-order corrections to the spectral shape which provides complementary nuclear structure information. We report a novel measurement of the shape factor $\xi_{3,1}=0.45~\pm 0.03~\text{(stat.)} \ \pm 0.05 \ \text{(syst.)}$, which is compared to theoretical predictions for different nuclear models. We also extract the first value for the effective axial vector coupling constant obtained from a spectral shape study of $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023

8. First demonstration of 30 eVee ionization energy resolution with Ricochet germanium cryogenic bolometers

Author: Augier, C., Baulieu, G., Belov, V., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Bres, G., Bret, J. -L., Broniatowski, A., Calvo, M., Cazes, A., Chaize, D., Chala, M., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colas, J., Cudmore, E., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dumoulin, L., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. -B., Formaggio, J. A., Fuard, S., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Guerin, C., Guy, E., Harrington, P., Hertel, S. A., Heusch, M., Hong, Z., Ianigro, J. -C., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Karaivanov, D., Kazarcev, S., Lamblin, J., Lattaud, H., Li, M., Lubashevskiy, A., Marnieros, S., Martini, N., Mayer, D. W., Minet, J., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Novati, V., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Mateo, L. Ovalle, Patel, P. K., Perbet, E., Pinckney, H. D., Poda, D. V., Ponomarev, D., Rarbi, F., Real, J. -S., Redon, T., Reyes, F. C., Robert, A., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Scorza, S., Schmidt, B., Shevchik, Ye., Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stutz, A., Vagneron, L., Van De Pontseele, W., Vezzu, F., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., and Zinatulina, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The future Ricochet experiment aims to search for new physics in the electroweak sector by measuring the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process from reactor antineutrinos with high precision down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. While the Ricochet collaboration is currently building the experimental setup at the reactor site, it is also finalizing the cryogenic detector arrays that will be integrated into the cryostat at the Institut Laue Langevin in early 2024. In this paper, we report on recent progress from the Ge cryogenic detector technology, called the CryoCube. More specifically, we present the first demonstration of a 30~eVee (electron equivalent) baseline ionization resolution (RMS) achieved with an early design of the detector assembly and its dedicated High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based front-end electronics. This represents an order of magnitude improvement over the best ionization resolutions obtained on similar heat-and-ionization germanium cryogenic detectors from the EDELWEISS and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments, and a factor of three improvement compared to the first fully-cryogenic HEMT-based preamplifier coupled to a CDMS-II germanium detector. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these results in the context of the future Ricochet experiment and its expected background mitigation performance., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Published: 2023

9. The background model of the CUPID-Mo $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment

Author: Collaboration, CUPID-Mo, Augier, C., Barabash, A. S., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Borovlev, Yu. A., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chapellier, M., Chiesa, D., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Ferri, F., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Grigorieva, V. D., Gros, M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kleifges, M., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kotila, J., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Makarov, E. P., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Navick, X. F., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Olivieri, E., Ouellet, J. L., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Redon, Th., Rojas, A., Rozov, S., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Shen, Y., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Vagneron, L., Velázquez, M., Welliver, B., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yakushev, E., Zarytskyy, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: CUPID-Mo, located in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator for the next generation $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiment, CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20 enriched Li$_{2}$$ ^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometers and 20 Ge light detectors and has demonstrated that the technology of scintillating bolometers with particle identification capabilities is mature. Furthermore, CUPID-Mo can inform and validate the background prediction for CUPID. In this paper, we present a detailed model of the CUPID-Mo backgrounds. This model is able to describe well the features of the experimental data and enables studies of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay and other processes with high precision. We also measure the radio-purity of the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals which are found to be sufficient for the CUPID goals. Finally, we also obtain a background index in the region of interest of 3.7$^{+0.9}_{-0.8}$(stat)$^{+1.5}_{-0.7}$(syst)$\times10^{-3}$counts/$\Delta$E$_{FWHM}$/mol$_{iso}$/yr, the lowest in a bolometric $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiment.
Published: 2023
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10. Measurement of the 2νββ Decay Rate and Spectral Shape of Mo100 from the CUPID-Mo Experiment

Author: Augier, C, Barabash, AS, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Billard, J, Borovlev, Yu A, Cardani, L, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chapellier, M, Chiesa, D, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, Dixon, T, Dumoulin, L, Eitel, K, Ferri, F, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Grigorieva, VD, Gros, M, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Khalife, H, Kleifges, M, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kotila, J, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Makarov, EP, de Marcillac, P, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Navick, X-F, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Olivieri, E, Ouellet, JL, Pagnanini, L, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pirro, S, Poda, DV, Polischuk, OG, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Redon, Th, Rojas, A, Rozov, S, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, JA, Schmidt, B, Shen, Y, Shlegel, VN, Šimkovic, F, Singh, V, Tomei, C, Tretyak, VI, Umatov, VI, Vagneron, L, Velázquez, M, Ware, B, Welliver, B, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yakushev, E, Zarytskyy, M, and Zolotarova, AS
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, CUPID-Mo Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) is a yet unobserved nuclear process that would demonstrate Lepton number violation, a clear evidence of beyond standard model physics. The process two neutrino double beta decay (2νββ) is allowed by the standard model and has been measured in numerous experiments. In this Letter, we report a measurement of 2νββ decay half-life of ^{100}Mo to the ground state of ^{100}Ru of [7.07±0.02(stat)±0.11(syst)]×10^{18} yr by the CUPID-Mo experiment. With a relative precision of ±1.6% this is the most precise measurement to date of a 2νββ decay rate in ^{100}Mo. In addition, we constrain higher-order corrections to the spectral shape, which provides complementary nuclear structure information. We report a novel measurement of the shape factor ξ_{3,1}=0.45±0.03(stat)±0.05(syst) based on a constraint on the ratio of higher-order terms from theory, which can be reliably calculated. This is compared to theoretical predictions for different nuclear models. We also extract the first value for the effective axial vector coupling constant obtained from a spectral shape study of 2νββ decay.
Published: 2023

11. Results from a Prototype TES Detector for the Ricochet Experiment

Author: Ricochet Collaboration, Augier, C., Baulieu, G., Belov, V., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Bres, G., Bret, J-. L., Broniatowski, A., Calvo, M., Cazes, A., Chaize, D., Chala, M., Chang, C. L., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colas, J., Cudmore, E., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dumoulin, L., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. -B., Formaggio, J. A., Fuard, S., Gannon, K., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Guerin, C., Guy, E., Harrington, P., Hertel, S. A., Heusch, M., Hong, Z., Ianigro, J. -C., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Karaivanov, D., Kazarcev, S., Lamblin, J., Lattaud, H., Li, M., Lisovenko, M., Lubashevskiy, A., Marnieros, S., Martini, N., Mayer, D. W., Minet, J., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Novati, V., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Mateo, L. Ovalle, Palladino, K. J., Patel, P. K., Perbet, E., Pinckney, H. D., Poda, D. V., Ponomarev, D., Rarbi, F., Real, J. -S., Redon, T., Reyes, F. C., Ricol, J. -S., Robert, A., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Salagnac, T., Schmidt, B., Scorza, S., Shevchik, Ye., Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stutz, A., Vagneron, L., Van De Pontseele, W., Veihmeyer, C., Vezzu, F., Wang, G., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., Yefremenko, V. G., Zhang, J., and Zinatulina, D.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) offers valuable sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment will use cryogenic solid-state detectors to perform a precision measurement of the CE$\nu$NS spectrum induced by the high neutrino flux from the Institut Laue-Langevin nuclear reactor. The experiment will employ an array of detectors, each with a mass of $\sim$30 g and a targeted energy threshold of 50 eV. Nine of these detectors (the "Q-Array") will be based on a novel Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) readout style, in which the TES devices are thermally coupled to the absorber using a gold wire bond. We present initial characterization of a Q-Array-style detector using a 1 gram silicon absorber, obtaining a baseline root-mean-square resolution of less than 40 eV., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2023
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12. Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ Scintillating Bolometers for Rare-Event Search Experiments

Author: Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Bergé, L., Borovlev, Yu. A., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., Dumoulin, L., Ferri, F., Giuliani, A., Gotti, C., Gras, Ph., Grigorieva, V. D., Ianni, A., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Konovalov, S. I., Loaiza, P., Madhukuttan, M., Makarov, E. P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Martinez, M., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Redon, Th., Scarpaci, J. A., Shlegel, V. N., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on the development of scintillating bolometers based on lithium molybdate crystals containing molybdenum depleted in the double-$\beta$ active isotope $^{100}$Mo (Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$). We used two Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ cubic samples, 45 mm side and 0.28 kg each, produced following purification and crystallization protocols developed for double-$\beta$ search experiments with $^{100}$Mo-enriched Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals. Bolometric Ge detectors were utilized to register scintillation photons emitted by the Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ crystal scintillators. The measurements were performed in the CROSS cryogenic set-up at the Canfranc underground laboratory (Spain). We observed that the Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers are characterized by excellent spectrometric performance ($\sim$3--6 keV FWHM at 0.24--2.6 MeV $\gamma$'s), moderate scintillation signal ($\sim$0.3--0.6 keV/MeV depending on light collection conditions) and high radiopurity ($^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities are below a few $\mu$Bq/kg), comparable to the best reported results of low-temperature detectors based on Li$_2$MoO$_4$ with natural or $^{100}$Mo-enriched molybdenum content. Prospects of Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ bolometers for use in rare-event search experiments are briefly discussed., Comment: Prepared for submission to MDPI Sensors; 16 pages, 7 figures, and 3 tables
Published: 2023

13. ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: New prospects to study double beta decay of $^{64}$Zn

Author: Armatol, A., Broerman, B., Dumoulin, L., Giuliani, A., Khalife, H., Laubenstein, M., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Nagorny, S. S., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Pagnanini, L., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Scarpaci, J. -A., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The first detailed study on the performance of a ZnO-based cryogenic scintillating bolometer as a detector to search for rare processes in zinc isotopes was performed. A 7.2 g ZnO low-temperature detector, containing more than 80\% of zinc in its mass, exhibits good energy resolution of baseline noise 1.0--2.7 keV FWHM at various working temperatures resulting in a low-energy threshold for the experiment, 2.0--6.0 keV. The light yield for $\beta$/$\gamma$ events was measured as 1.5(3) keV/MeV, while it varies for $\alpha$ particles in the range of 0.2--3.0 keV/MeV. The detector demonstrate an effective identification of the $\beta$/$\gamma$ events from $\alpha$ events using time-properties of only heat signals. %(namely, Rise time parameter). The radiopurity of the ZnO crystal was evaluated using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, an ultra-low-background High Purity Ge $\gamma$-spectrometer, and bolometric measurements. Only limits were set at the level of $\mathcal{O}$(1--100) mBq/kg on activities of \Nuc{K}{40}, \Nuc{Cs}{137} and daughter nuclides from the U/Th natural decay chains. The total internal $\alpha$-activity was calculated to be 22(2) mBq/kg, with a major contribution caused by 6(1) mBq/kg of \Nuc{Th}{232} and 12(2) mBq/kg of \Nuc{U}{234}. Limits on double beta decay (DBD) processes in \Nuc{Zn}{64} and \Nuc{Zn}{70} isotopes were set on the level of $\mathcal{O}(10^{17}$--$10^{18})$ yr for various decay modes profiting from 271 h of acquired background data in the above-ground lab. This study shows a good potential for ZnO-based scintillating bolometers to search for DBD processes of Zn isotopes, especially in \Nuc{Zn}{64}, with the most prominent spectral features at $\sim$10--20 keV, like the two neutrino double electron capture. A 10 kg-scale experiment can reach the experimental sensitivity at the level of $\mathcal{O}(10^{24})$ yr., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST; 27 pages, 9 figures, and 7 tables
Published: 2023
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14. A first test of CUPID prototypal light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat

Author: CUPID collaboration, Alfonso, K., Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Berest, V., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Campani, A., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment aiming at searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with ~250 kg of isotopic mass of $^{100}$Mo. It will operate at $\sim$10 mK in a cryostat currently hosting a similar-scale bolometric array for the CUORE experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). CUPID will be based on large-volume scintillating bolometers consisting of $^{100}$Mo-enriched Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals, facing thin Ge-wafer-based bolometric light detectors. In the CUPID design, the detector structure is novel and needs to be validated. In particular, the CUORE cryostat presents a high level of mechanical vibrations due to the use of pulse tubes and the effect of vibrations on the detector performance must be investigated. In this paper we report the first test of the CUPID-design bolometric light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator equipped with a pulse tube in an above-ground lab. Light detectors are characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, pulse time constants, and noise power spectrum. Despite the challenging noisy environment due to pulse-tube-induced vibrations, we demonstrate that all the four tested light detectors comply with the CUPID goal in terms of intrinsic energy resolution of 100 eV RMS baseline noise. Indeed, we have measured 70--90 eV RMS for the four devices, which show an excellent reproducibility. We have also obtained outstanding energy resolutions at the 356 keV line from a $^{133}$Ba source with one light detector achieving 0.71(5) keV FWHM, which is -- to our knowledge -- the best ever obtained when compared to $\gamma$ detectors of any technology in this energy range., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST; 16 pages, 7 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2023
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15. Twelve-crystal prototype of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for CUPID and CROSS experiments

Author: CUPID, collaborations, CROSS, Alfonso, K., Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Berest, V., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Camilleri, J., Campani, A., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: An array of twelve 0.28 kg lithium molybdate (LMO) low-temperature bolometers equipped with 16 bolometric Ge light detectors, aiming at optimization of detector structure for CROSS and CUPID double-beta decay experiments, was constructed and tested in a low-background pulse-tube-based cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. Performance of the scintillating bolometers was studied depending on the size of phonon NTD-Ge sensors glued to both LMO and Ge absorbers, shape of the Ge light detectors (circular vs. square, from two suppliers), in different light collection conditions (with and without reflector, with aluminum coated LMO crystal surface). The scintillating bolometer array was operated over 8 months in the low-background conditions that allowed to probe a very low, $\mu$Bq/kg, level of the LMO crystals radioactive contamination by $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST; 23 pages, 9 figures, and 4 tables
Published: 2023
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16. Tagging and localisation of ionizing events using NbSi transition edge phonon sensors for Dark Matter searches

Author: EDELWEISS Collaboration, Augier, C., Benoît, A., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Broniatowski, A., Camus, P., Cazes, A., Chapellier, M., Charlieux, F., Colas, J., De Jésus, M., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Filippini, J. B., Filosofov, D., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Gros, M., Guy, E., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Lattaud, H., Marnieros, S., Martini, N., Navick, X. -F., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Pari, P., Paul, B., Poda, D., Rojas, A., Rozov, S., Sanglard, V., Vagneron, L., Yakushev, E., Zolotarova, A., and Kavanagh, B. J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: In the context of direct searches of sub-GeV Dark Matter particles with germanium detectors, the EDELWEISS collaboration has tested a new technique to tag ionizing events using NbSi transition edge athermal phonon sensors. The emission of the athermal phonons generated by the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect associated with the drift of electrons and holes through the detectors is used to tag ionization events generated in specific parts of the detector localized in front of the NbSi sensor and to reject by more than a factor 5 (at 90% C.L.) the background from heat-only events that dominates the spectrum above 3 keV. This method is able to improve by a factor 2.8 the previous limit on spin-independent interactions of 1 GeV/c2 WIMPs obtained with the same detector and data set but without this tagging technique., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2023
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17. Enhanced light signal for the suppression of pile-up events in Mo-based bolometers for the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay search

Author: Ahmine, A., Armatol, A., Bandac, I., Bergé, L., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Giuliani, A., Gras, Ph., Ferri, F., Imbert, L., Khalife, H., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., de Solòrzano, A. Ortiz, Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Redon, Th., Scarpaci, J. A., Velàzquez, M., and Zolotorova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Random coincidences of events could be one of the main sources of background in the search for neutrino-less double-beta decay of $^{100}$Mo with macro-bolometers, due to their modest time resolution. Scintillating bolometers as those based on Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals and employed in the CROSS and CUPID experiments can eventually exploit the coincident fast signal detected in a light detector to reduce this background. However, the scintillation provides a modest signal-to-noise ratio, making difficult a pile-up pulse-shape recognition and rejection at timescales shorter than a few ms. Neganov-Trofimov-Luke assisted light detectors (NTL-LDs) offer the possibility to effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio, preserving a fast time-response, and enhance the capability of pile-up rejection via pulse shape analysis. In this article we present: a) an experimental work performed with a Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer, studied in the framework of the CROSS experiment, and utilizing a NTL-LD; b) a simulation method to reproduce, synthetically, randomly coincident two-neutrino double-beta decay events; c) a new analysis method based on a pulse-shape discrimination algorithm capable of providing high pile-up rejection efficiencies. We finally show how the NTL-LDs offer a balanced solution between performance and complexity to reach background index $\sim$$10^{-4}$ counts/keV/kg/year with 280~g Li$_2$MoO$_4$ ($^{100}$Mo enriched) bolometers at 3034 keV, the Q-value of the double-beta decay, and target the goal of a next generation experiment like CUPID.
Published: 2023
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18. New measurement of double-β decays of Mo100 to excited states of Ru100 with the CUPID-Mo experiment

Author: Augier, C, Barabash, AS, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Billard, J, Borovlev, Yu A, Cardani, L, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Chapellier, M, Chiesa, D, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, Dixon, T, Dumoulin, L, Eitel, K, Ferri, F, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Grigorieva, VD, Gros, M, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Khalife, H, Kleifges, M, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kotila, J, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Makarov, EP, de Marcillac, P, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Navick, X-F, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Olivieri, E, Ouellet, JL, Pagnanini, L, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pirro, S, Poda, DV, Polischuk, OG, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Redon, Th, Rojas, A, Rozov, S, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, JA, Schmidt, B, Shen, Y, Shlegel, VN, Singh, V, Tomei, C, Tretyak, VI, Umatov, VI, Vagneron, L, Velázquez, M, Welliver, B, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yakushev, E, Zarytskyy, M, and Zolotarova, AS
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: The CUPID-Mo experiment, located at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator experiment for CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20Li2Mo100O4 (LMO) calorimeters, each equipped with a Ge light detector for particle identification. In this work, we present the result of a search for two-neutrino and neutrinoless double-β decays of Mo100 to the first 0+ and 2+ excited states of Ru100 using the full CUPID-Mo exposure (2.71kgyr of LMO). We measure the half-life of 2νββ decay to the 01+ state as T1/22ν→01+=(7.5±0.8(stat.)-0.3+0.4(syst.))×1020yr. The bolometric technique enables measurement of the electron energies as well as the γ rays from nuclear deexcitation and this allows us to set new limits on the two-neutrino decay to the 21+ state of T1/22ν→21+>4.4×1021yr(90% c.i.) and on the neutrinoless modes of T1/20ν→21+>2.1×1023yr(90% c.i.), T1/20ν→01+>1.2×1023yr(90% c.i.). Information on the electrons' spectral shape is obtained, which allows us to make the first comparison of the single and higher state dominance 2νββ decay models for the 01+ excited state of Ru100.
Published: 2023

19. Fast neutron background characterization of the future Ricochet experiment at the ILL research nuclear reactor

Author: Augier, C., Baulieu, G., Belov, V., Berge, L., Billard, J., Bres, G., Bret, J. -L., Broniatowski, A., Calvo, M., Cazes, A., Chaize, D., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colas, J., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dumoulin, L., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. -B., Formaggio, J. A., Fuard, S., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Guerin, C., Guy, E., Harrington, P., Heine, S. T., Hertel, S. A., Heusch, M., Hirjibehedin, C. F., Hong, Z., Ianigro, J. -C., Jin, Y., Johnston, J. P., Juillard, A., Karaivanov, D., Kazarcev, S., Lamblin, J., Lattaud, H., Li, M., Lubashevskiy, A., Marnieros, S., Mayer, D. W., Minet, J., Misiak, D., Mocellin, J. -L., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Oliver, W. D., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Patel, P. K., Perbet, E., Pinckney, H. D., Poda, D., Ponomarev, D., Rarbi, F., Real, J. -S., Redon, T., Robert, A., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Salagnac, T., Sanglard, V., Schmidt, B., Shevchik, Ye., Sibille, V., Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stutz, A., Vagneron, L., Van De Pontseele, W., Vezzu, F., Weber, S., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., and Zinatulina, D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The future Ricochet experiment aims at searching for new physics in the electroweak sector by providing a high precision measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CENNS) process down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. The experiment will deploy a kg-scale low-energy-threshold detector array combining Ge and Zn target crystals 8.8 meters away from the 58 MW research nuclear reactor core of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France. Currently, the Ricochet collaboration is characterizing the backgrounds at its future experimental site in order to optimize the experiment's shielding design. The most threatening background component, which cannot be actively rejected by particle identification, consists of keV-scale neutron-induced nuclear recoils. These initial fast neutrons are generated by the reactor core and surrounding experiments (reactogenics), and by the cosmic rays producing primary neutrons and muon-induced neutrons in the surrounding materials. In this paper, we present the Ricochet neutron background characterization using $^3$He proportional counters which exhibit a high sensitivity to thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons. We compare these measurements to the Ricochet Geant4 simulations to validate our reactogenic and cosmogenic neutron background estimations. Eventually, we present our estimated neutron background for the future Ricochet experiment and the resulting CENNS detection significance., Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, 1 table
Published: 2022
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20. New measurement of double beta decays of $^{100}$Mo to excited states of $^{100}$Ru with the CUPID-Mo experiment

Author: Collaboration, CUPID-Mo, Augier, C., Barabash, A. S., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Borovlev, Yu. A., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Chapellier, M., Chiesa, D., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Ferri, F., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Grigorieva, V. D., Gros, M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kleifges, M., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kotilla, J., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Makarov, E. P., de Marcillac, P., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Navick, X. -F., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Olivieri, E., Ouellet, J. L., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Redon, Th., Rojas, A., Rozov, S., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Shen, Y., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Vagneron, L., Velázquez, M., Welliver, B., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yakushev, E., Zarytskyy, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The CUPID-Mo experiment, located at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator experiment for CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20 Li$_2^{100}$MoO$_4$ (LMO) calorimeters each equipped with a Ge light detector (LD) for particle identification. In this work, we present the result of a search for two-neutrino and neutrinoless double beta decays of $^{100}$Mo to the first 0$^+$ and $2^+$ excited states of $^{100}$Ru using the full CUPID-Mo exposure (2.71 kg$\times$yr of LMO). We measure the half-life of $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay to the $0^{+}_1$ state as $T_{1/2}^{2\nu \rightarrow 0_1^+}=7.5\pm 0.8 \ \text{(stat.)} \ ^{+ 0.4}_{-0.3} \ \text{(syst.)} )\times 10^{20} \ \mathrm{yr}$. The bolometric technique enables measurement of the electron energies as well as the gamma rays from nuclear de-excitation and this allows us to set new limits on the two-neutrino decay to the $2_1^+$ state of $T^{2\nu \rightarrow 2_1^+}_{1/2}>4.4\times 10^{21} \ \mathrm{yr} \ \text{(90 % c.i.)}$ and on the neutrinoless modes of $T_{1/2}^{0\nu\rightarrow 2_1^+}>2.1\times10^{23} \ \mathrm{yr}\ \text{(90 % c.i.)}$, $T_{1/2}^{0\nu\rightarrow 0_1^+}>1.2\times10^{23} \ \mathrm{yr}\ \text{(90 % c.i.)}$. Information on the electrons spectral shape is obtained which allows us to make the first comparison of the single state (SSD) and higher state (HSD) $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay models for the $0_1^+$ excited state of $^{100}$Ru., Comment: 22 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022

21. Determining $g_{A}/g_{V}$ with High Resolution Spectral Measurements Using an LiInSe$_2$ Bolometer

Author: Leder, A. F., Mayer, D., Ouellet, J. L., Danevich, F. A., Dumoulin, L., Giuliani, A., Kostensalo, J., Kotila, J., de Marcillac, P., Nones, C., Novati, V., Olivieri, E., Poda, D., Suhonen, J., Tretyak, V. I., Winslow, L., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Neutrinoless Double-Beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) processes sample a wide range of intermediate forbidden nuclear transitions, which may be impacted by quenching of the axial vector coupling constant ($g_A/g_V$), the uncertainty of which plays a pivotal role in determining the sensitivity reach of 0$\nu\beta\beta$ experiments. In this Letter, we present measurements performed on a high-resolution LiInSe$_{2}$~ bolometer in a ''source=detector'' configuration to measure the spectral shape of the 4-fold forbidden $\beta$-decay of $^{115}$In. The value of $g_A/g_V$ is determined by comparing the spectral shape of theoretical predictions to the experimental $\beta$ spectrum taking into account various simulated background components as well as a variety of detector effects. We find evidence of quenching of $g_A/g_V$ at $>5\sigma$ with a model-dependent quenching factor of $0.655\pm0.002$ as compared to the free-nucleon value for the Interacting Shell Model. We also measured the $^{115}$In half-life to be [$5.18\pm0.06(\text{stat.})^{+0.005}_{-0.015}(\text{sys.})]\times{10}^{14}$ yr within the Interacting Shell Model framework. This work demonstrates the power of the bolometeric technique to perform precision nuclear physics single-$\beta$ decay measurements, which can help reduce the uncertainties in the calculation of $0\nu\beta\beta$ nuclear matrix elements., Comment: 7 Pages, 4 Figures, 2 Tables, Submitted to PRL
Published: 2022
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22. The background model of the CUPID-Mo 0νββ experiment

Author: Augier, C, Barabash, AS, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Billard, J, Borovlev, Yu A, Cardani, L, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chapellier, M, Chiesa, D, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dixon, T, Dumoulin, L, Eitel, K, Ferri, F, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Grigorieva, VD, Gros, M, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Khalife, H, Kleifges, M, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kotila, J, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Makarov, EP, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Navick, X-F, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Olivieri, E, Ouellet, JL, Pagnanini, L, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pirro, S, Poda, DV, Polischuk, OG, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Redon, Th, Rojas, A, Rozov, S, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, JA, Schmidt, B, Shen, Y, Shlegel, VN, Singh, V, Tomei, C, Tretyak, VI, Umatov, VI, Vagneron, L, Velázquez, M, Welliver, B, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yakushev, E, Zarytskyy, M, and Zolotarova, AS
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: CUPID-Mo, located in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator for the next generation 0 νββ decay experiment, CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20 enriched Li 2100 MoO 4 bolometers and 20 Ge light detectors and has demonstrated that the technology of scintillating bolometers with particle identification capabilities is mature. Furthermore, CUPID-Mo can inform and validate the background prediction for CUPID. In this paper, we present a detailed model of the CUPID-Mo backgrounds. This model is able to describe well the features of the experimental data and enables studies of the 2 νββ decay and other processes with high precision. We also measure the radio-purity of the Li 2100 MoO 4 crystals which are found to be sufficient for the CUPID goals. Finally, we also obtain a background index in the region of interest of 3.7 -0.8+0.9 (stat) -0.7+1.5 (syst) ×10-3 counts/ Δ EFWHM/ mol iso/ year , the lowest in a bolometric 0 νββ decay experiment.
Published: 2023

23. Toward CUPID-1T

Author: Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Ballen, K., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Current experiments to search for broken lepton-number symmetry through the observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$) provide the most stringent limits on the Majorana nature of neutrinos and the effective Majorana neutrino mass ($m_{\beta\beta}$). The next-generation experiments will focus on the sensitivity to the $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$ half-life of $\mathcal{O}(10^{27}$--$10^{28}$~years$)$ and $m_{\beta\beta}\lesssim15$~meV, which would provide complete coverage of the so-called Inverted Ordering region of the neutrino mass parameter space. By taking advantage of recent technological breakthroughs, new, future calorimetric experiments at the 1-ton scale can increase the sensitivity by at least another order of magnitude, exploring the large fraction of the parameter space that corresponds to the Normal neutrino mass ordering. In case of a discovery, such experiments could provide important insights toward a new understanding of the mechanism of $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$. We present here a series of projects underway that will provide advancements in background reduction, cryogenic readout, and physics searches beyond $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$, all moving toward the next-to-next generation CUPID-1T detector., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

24. Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications

Author: Abdullah, M., Abele, H., Akimov, D., Angloher, G., Aristizabal-Sierra, D., Augier, C., Balantekin, A. B., Balogh, L., Barbeau, P. S., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Beaufort, C., Beaulieu, G., Belov, V., Bento, A., Berge, L., Bernardi, I. A., Billard, J., Bolozdynya, A., Bonhomme, A., Bres, G., Bret, J-. L., Broniatowski, A., Brossard, A., Buck, C., Cadeddu, M., Calvo, M., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Cerulli, R., Chaize, D., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colantoni, I., Colas, J., Coloma, P., Corcoran, E. C., Crawford, S., Cruciani, A., Fard, A. Dastgheibi, De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., De Romeri, V., del Castello, G., del GalloRoccagiovine, M., Delicato, D., Demarteau, M., Deng, Y., Dent, J. B., Denton, P. B., Dering, K., Doblhammer, A., Dordei, F., Dorer, S., Dumoulin, L., Dunford, D., Dutta, B., Erhart, A., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. B., Flores, L . J., Formaggio, J. A., Friedl, M., Fuard, S., Gao, F., Garai, A., Garces, E. A., Gascon, J., Gehrlein, J., Gerbier, G., Ghete, V. M., Giomataris, I., Giroux, G., Giuliani, A., Giunti, C., Gorel, P., Goupy, C., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Green, M. P., Gros, M., Guerin, C., Guidi, V., Guillaudin, O., Guy, E., Ha, C., Hauff, D., Hakenmuller, J., Harrington, P. M., Hedges, S., Heine, S. T., Hertel, S., Heusch, M., Hoarau, C., Hoferichter, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hong, Z., Horiuchi, S., Huber, P., Ianigro, J. C., Jachowicz, N., Jericha, E., Jin, Y., Johnston, J. P., Juillard, A., Katsioulas, I., Kazarcev, S., Kaznacheeva, M., Kelly, F., Kelly, K. J., Kim, D., Kinast, A., Klinkenberg, L., Kluck, H., Knights, P., Ko, Y. J., Kosmas, T. S., Kwon, L., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Langenkamper, A., Langrock, S., Lasserre, T., Lattaud, H., Lautridou, P., Lee, H. S., Lenardo, B. G., Lhuillier, D., Li, M., Li, S. C., Li, Y. F., Li, Z., Lindner, M., Liu, J., Loomba, D., Lubashevskiy, A., Machado, P. A. N., Mancuso, M., Maneschg, W., Markoff, D. M., Marnieros, S., Martin, R., Martin, R. D., Mauri, B., Mayer, D. W., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Menendez, J., Minet, J., Miranda, O. G., Misiak, D., Mols, J. -P., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Muraz, J. F., Neep, T., Neilson, R., Newby, J., Newstead, J. L., Neyrial, H., Ni, K., Nikolopoulos, K., Nones, C., Norcini, D., Pandey, V., O'Brien, P., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oberauer, L., Oliver, W., Olivieri, E., Onillon, A., Oriol, C., Ortmann, T., Owen, R., Palladino, K. J., Papoulias, D. K., Park, J. C., Parno, D. S., Patel, P. K., Pattavina, L., Peinado, E., Perbet, E., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Pinckney, H. D., Piro, M. -C., Ponomarev, D., Poda, D., Potzel, W., Probst, F., Pucci, F., Rarbi, F., Rapp, R., Ray, H., Real, J. -S., Reindl, F., Rich, G. C., Ricol, J. S., Rink, T., Redon, T., Rogly, R., Robert, A., Rothe, J., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Salagnac, T., Garcia, E. Sanchez, Garcia, G. Sanchez, Sanders, O., Sanglard, V., Santos, D., Sarkis, Y., Savu, V., Savvidis, G., Savvidis, I., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schmidt, B., Schonert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwenk, A., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Shevchik, Ye., Shin, S., Sibille, V., Shoemaker, I. M., Snowden-Ifft, D. P., Soldner, T., Soum, G., Spooner, N. J. C., Stachurska, J., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Strigari, L. E., Stutz, A., Suh, B. D., Suhonen, J., Tabrizi, Z., Takhistov, V., Thompson, A., Tomei, C., Tortola, M., Tripathi, M., Vagneron, L., Valle, J. W. F., Mirbach, K. v., Van De Ponteseele, W., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Fernandez, F. Vazquez de Sola, Vezzu, F., Vidal, M., Wagner, V., Walker, J. W., Ward, R., Wex, A., Winslow, L., Wong, H. T., Wood, M. H., Xu, J., Yang, L., Yakushev, E., Zampaolo, M., Zettlemoyer, J., Zhang, Y. Y., and Zinatulina, D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CE$\nu$NS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is $\sim$ keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CE$\nu$NS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the detection of CE$\nu$NS using an Ar target. The detection of CE$\nu$NS has spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental methods. The CE$\nu$NS process has important implications for not only high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CE$\nu$NS, highlighting how present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned fields of physics., Comment: contribution to Snowmasss 2021. Contact authors: P. S. Barbeau, R. Strauss, L. E. Strigari
Published: 2022

25. Search for sub-GeV Dark Matter via Migdal effect with an EDELWEISS germanium detector with NbSi TES sensors

Author: Armengaud, E., Arnaud, Q., Augier, C., Benoît, A., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Broniatowski, A., Camus, P., Caze, A., Chapellier, M., Charlieux, F., De Jésus, M., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Filippini, J. B., Filosofov, D., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Gros, M., Guy, E., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Kleifges, M., Lattaud, H., Marnieros, S., Misiak, D., Navick, X. F., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Pari, P., Paul, B., Poda, D., Rozov, S., Salagnac, T., Sanglard, V., Vagneron, L., Yakushev, E., Zolotarova, A., and Kavanagh, B. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The EDELWEISS collaboration reports on the search for Dark Matter (DM) particle interactions via Migdal effect with masses between $32$ MeV$\cdot$c$^{-2}$ to $2$ GeV$\cdot$c$^{-2}$ using a $200$ g cryogenic Ge detector sensitive to simultaneously heat and ionization signals and operated underground at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane in France. The phonon signal was read out using a Transition Edge Sensor made of a NbSi thin film. The detector was biased at $66$ V in order to benefit from the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke amplification and resulting in a resolution on the energy of electron recoils of $4.46$ eV$_{ee}$ (RMS) and an analysis threshold of $30$ eV$_{ee}$. The sensitivity is limited by a dominant background not associated to charge creation in the detector. The search constrains a new region of parameter space for cross-sections down to $10^{-29}$ cm$^2$ and masses between $32$ and $100$ MeV$\cdot$c$^{-2}$. The achieved low threshold with the NbSi sensor shows the relevance of its use for athermal-phonon sensitive devices for low-mass DM searches., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2022
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26. Final results on the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay half-life limit of $^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo experiment

Author: Augier, C., Barabash, A. S., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Borovlev, Yu. A., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Chapellier, M., Chiesa, D., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Ferri, F., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Grigorieva, V. D., Gros, M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z. Huang R., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kleifges, M., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Makarov, E. P., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Navick, X. -F., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Olivieri, E., Ouellet, J. L., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Redon, Th., Rojas, A., Rozov, S., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Shen, Y., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Vagneron, L., Velázquez, M., Welliver, B., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yakushev, E., Zarytskyy, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The CUPID-Mo experiment to search for 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{100}$Mo has been recently completed after about 1.5 years of operation at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France). It served as a demonstrator for CUPID, a next generation 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiment. CUPID-Mo was comprised of 20 enriched Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating calorimeters, each with a mass of $\sim$ 0.2 kg, operated at $\sim$20 mK. We present here the final analysis with the full exposure of CUPID-Mo ($^{100}$Mo exposure of 1.47 kg$\times$yr) used to search for lepton number violation via 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay. We report on various analysis improvements since the previous result on a subset of data, reprocessing all data with these new techniques. We observe zero events in the region of interest and set a new limit on the $^{100}$Mo 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay half-life of $T^{0\nu}_{1/2} > 1.8 \times 10^{24}$ year (stat.+syst.) at 90% CI. Under the light Majorana neutrino exchange mechanism this corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass of $\left < (0.28$--$0.49)$ eV, dependent upon the nuclear matrix element utilized.
Published: 2022
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27. Optimization of the first CUPID detector module

Author: CUPID collaboration, Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Ballen, K., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M ., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment, presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background free environment by means of scintillating Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals coupled to light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows us to reject the dominant background of $\alpha$ particles, as proven by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of the first test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a new optimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance the engineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heat detectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 $\pm$ 0.2) keV FWHM at the $Q$-value of $^{100}$Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection of the baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration which features gravity-assisted light detectors' mounting. In both cases we obtained an improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and we validated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensures an $\alpha$ particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying the requirements for CUPID., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022

28. EXCESS workshop: Descriptions of rising low-energy spectra

Author: Adari, P., Aguilar-Arevalo, A., Amidei, D., Angloher, G., Armengaud, E., Augier, C., Balogh, L., Banik, S., Baxter, D., Beaufort, C., Beaulieu, G., Belov, V., Gal, Y. Ben, Benato, G., Benoît, A., Bento, A., Bergé, L., Bertolini, A., Bhattacharyya, R., Billard, J., Bloch, I. M., Botti, A., Breier, R., Bres, G., Bret, J-. L., Broniatowski, A., Brossard, A., Bucci, C., Bunker, R., Cababie, M., Calvo, M., Camus, P., Cancelo, G., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Caron, J. -F., Casali, N., del Castello, G., Cazes, A., Cerulli, R., Vergara, B. A. Cervantes, Chaize, D., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Charlieux, F., Chaudhuri, M., Chavarria, A. E., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Chen, H., Chierchie, F., Colantoni, I., Colas, J., Cooley, J., Coquillat, J. -M., Corcoran, E. C., Crawford, S., Crisler, M., Cruciani, A., Cushman, P., D'Addabbo, A., D'Olivo, J. C., Dastgheibi-Fard, A., De Jésus, M., Deng, Y., Dent, J. B., Depaoli, E. L., Dering, K., Dharani, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dumoulin, L., Durnford, D., Dutta, B., Einfalt, L., Erb, A., Erhart, A., Essig, R., Estrada, J., Etzion, E., Exshaw, O., Favela-Perez, F., Feilitzsch, F. v., Moroni, G. Fernandez, Iachellini, N. Ferreiro, Ferriol, S., Fichtinger, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. -B., Filosofov, D., Formaggio, J. A., Friedl, M., Fuard, S., Fuchs, D., Fuss, A., Gaïor, R., Garai, A., Garrah, C., Gascon, J., Gerbier, G., Ghaith, M., Ghete, V. M., Gift, D., Giomataris, I., Giroux, G., Giuliani, A., Gorel, P., Gorla, P., Goupy, C., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Gros, M., Gros, P., Guardincerri, Y., Guerin, C., Guidi, V., Guillaudin, O., Gupta, S., Guy, E., Harrington, P., Hauff, D., Heine, S. T., Hertel, S. A., Holland, S. E., Hong, Z., Hoppe, E. W., Hossbach, T. W., Ianigro, J. -C., Iyer, V., Jastram, A., Ješkovský, M., Jin, Y., Jochum, J., Johnston, J. P., Juillard, A., Karaivanov, D., Kashyap, V., Katsioulas, I., Kazarcev, S., Kaznacheeva, M., Kelly, F., Kilminster, B., Kinast, A., Klinkenberg, L., Kluck, H., Knights, P., Korn, Y., Kraus, H., von Krosigk, B., Kubik, A., Kurinsky, N. A., Lamblin, J., Langenkämper, A., Langrock, S., Lasserre, T., Lattaud, H., Lautridou, P., Lawson, I., Lee, S. J., Lee, M., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhuillier, D., Li, M., Lin, Y. -T., Lubashevskiy, A., Mahapatra, R., Maludze, S., Mancuso, M., Manthos, I., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martin, R. D., Matalon, A., Matthews, J., Mauri, B., Mayer, D. W., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Theenhausen, H. Meyer zu, Michielin, E., Minet, J., Mirabolfathi, N., Mirbach, K. v., Misiak, D., Mitra, P., Mocellin, J-. L., Mohanty, B., Mokina, V., Mols, J. -P., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Munagavalasa, S., Muraz, J. -F., Navick, X. -F., Neep, T., Neog, H., Neyrial, H., Nikolopoulos, K., Nilima, A., Nones, C., Novati, V., O'Brien, P., Oberauer, L., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Onillon, A., Oriol, C., Orly, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortmann, T., Overman, C. T., Pagliarone, C., Palušová, V., Pari, P., Patel, P. K., Pattavina, L., Petricca, F., Piers, A., Pinckney, H. D., Piro, M. -C., Platt, M., Poda, D., Ponomarev, D., Potzel, W., Povinec, P., Pröbst, F., Privitera, P., Pucci, F., Ramanathan, K., Real, J. -S., Redon, T., Reindl, F., Ren, R., Robert, A., Da Rocha, J., Rodrigues, D., Rogly, R., Rothe, J., Rowe, N., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Saab, T., Saffold, N., Salagnac, T., Sander, J., Sanglard, V., Santos, D., Sarkis, Y., Savu, V., Savvidis, G., Savvidis, I., Schönert, S., Schäffner, K., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schmidt, B., Schmiedmayer, D., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Settimo, M., Shevchik, Ye., Sibille, V., Sidelnik, I., Singal, A., Smida, R., Haro, M. Sofo, Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stahlberg, M., Stefanazzi, L., Stodolsky, L., Strandhagen, C., Strauss, R., Stutz, A., Thomas, R., Thompson, A., Tiffenberg, J., Tomei, C., Traina, M., Uemura, S., Usherov, I., Vagneron, L., Van De Pontseele, W., Fernandez, F. A. Vazquez de Sola, Vidal, M., Vignati, M., Virto, A. L., Vivier, M., Volansky, T., Wagner, V., Wagner, F., Walker, J., Ward, R., Watkins, S. L., Wex, A., Willers, M., Wilson, M. J., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., Yu, T. -T., Zampaolo, M., Zaytsev, A., Zema, V., Zinatulina, D., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Many low-threshold experiments observe sharply rising event rates of yet unknown origins below a few hundred eV, and larger than expected from known backgrounds. Due to the significant impact of this excess on the dark matter or neutrino sensitivity of these experiments, a collective effort has been started to share the knowledge about the individual observations. For this, the EXCESS Workshop was initiated. In its first iteration in June 2021, ten rare event search collaborations contributed to this initiative via talks and discussions. The contributing collaborations were CONNIE, CRESST, DAMIC, EDELWEISS, MINER, NEWS-G, NUCLEUS, RICOCHET, SENSEI and SuperCDMS. They presented data about their observed energy spectra and known backgrounds together with details about the respective measurements. In this paper, we summarize the presented information and give a comprehensive overview of the similarities and differences between the distinct measurements. The provided data is furthermore publicly available on the workshop's data repository together with a plotting tool for visualization., Comment: 44 pages, 20 figures; Editors: A. Fuss, M. Kaznacheeva, F. Reindl, F. Wagner; updated copyright statements and funding information
Published: 2022
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29. High impedance TES bolometers for EDELWEISS

Author: Marnieros, S., Armengaud, E., Arnaud, Q., Augier, C., Benoît, A., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Broniatowski, A., Camus, P., Cazes, A., Chapellier, M., Charlieux, F., De Jésus, M., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Fillipini, J. -B., Filosofov, D., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Gros, M., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Kleifges, M., Lattaud, H., Misiak, D., Navick, X. -F., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Pari, P., Paul, B., Poda, D., Rozov, S., Salagnac, T., Sanglard, V., Vagneron, L., Yakushev, E., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The EDELWEISS collaboration aims for direct detection of light dark matter using germanium cryogenic detectors with low threshold phonon sensor technologies and efficient charge readout designs. We describe here the development of Ge bolometers equipped with high impedance thermistors based on a NbxSi1-x TES alloy. High aspect ratio spiral designs allow the TES impedance to match with JFET or HEMT front-end amplifiers. We detail the behavior of the superconducting transition properties of these sensors and the detector optimization in terms of sensitivity to out-of-equilibrium phonons. We report preliminary results of a 200 g Ge detector that was calibrated using 71Ge activation by neutrons at the LSM underground laboratory., Comment: Submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Special Issue for the 19th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors 19-29 July 2021 (Virtual event hold by NIST)
Published: 2022
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30. Ricochet Progress and Status

Author: Augier, C., Beaulieu, G., Belov, V., Berge, L., Billard, J., Bres, G., Bret, J. -L., Broniatowski, A., Calvo, M., Cazes, A., Chaize, D., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colas, J., de Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dumoulin, L., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. -B., Formaggio, J. A., Fuard, S., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Guerin, C., Hirjibehedin, C. F., Harrington, P., Heine, S. T., Hertel, S. A., Heusch, M., Hoarau, C., Hong, Z., Ianigro, J. -C., Jin, Y., Johnston, J. P., Juillard, A., Kazarcev, S., Lamblin, J., Lattaud, H., Lubashevskiy, A., Mayer, D. W., Marnieros, S., Minet, J., Misiak, D., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Patel, P. K., Perbet, E., Pinckney, H. D., Ponomarev, D., Poda, D., Rarbi, F., Real, J. -S., Ricol, J. -S., Redon, T., Robert, A., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Salagnac, T., Sanglard, V., Schmidt, B., Shevchik, Ye., Sibille, V., Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stutz, A., Vagneron, L., van de Pontseele, W., Vezzu, F., Weber, S., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., and Zinatulina, D.
Published: 2023
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31. Low-mass Dark Matter searches with EDELWEISS

Author: Gascon, J., Armengaud, E., Arnaud, Q., Augier, C., Benoit, A., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Broniatowski, A., Camus, P., Cazes, A., Chapellier, M., Charlieux, F., De Jésus, M., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Filippini, J. -B., Filosofov, D., Giuliani, A., Gros, M., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Kleifges, M., Lattaud, H., Marnieros, S., Misiak, D., Navick, X. -F., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Pari, P., Paul, B., Poda, D., Rozov, S., Salagnac, T., Sanglard, V., Vagneron, L., Yakushev, E., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The EDELWEISS collaboration searches for light Dark Matter (DM) particles using germanium detectors equipped with a charge and phonon signal readout. Using the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect, an rms resolution of 0.53 electron-hole pair was obtained on a massive (33.4 g) Ge detector operated underground at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane. This record sensitivity made possible a search for Dark Photon DM down to 1 eV/c2 and to DM-electron interactions below 1 MeV/c2. This demonstrates for the first time the high relevance of cryogenic Ge detectors in searches at low thresholds and is an important step of the development of Ge detectors with improved performance in the context of the EDELWEISS-SubGeV program., Comment: Submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Special Issue for the 19th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors 19-29 July 2021 (Virtual event hold by NIST)
Published: 2021

32. Ricochet Progress and Status

Author: Ricochet Collaboration, Beaulieu, G., Belov, V., Berge, L., Billard, J., Bres, G., Bret, J-. L., Broniatowski, A., Calvo, M., Cazes, A., Chaize, D., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colas, J., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dumoulin, L., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. B., Formaggio, J. A., Fuard, S., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Guerin, C., Hirjibehedin, C. F., Harrington, P., Heine, S. T., Hertel, S. A., Heusch, M., Hoarau, C., Hong, Z., Ianigro, J. -C., Jin, Y., Johnston, J. P., Juillard, A., Kazarcev, S., Lamblin, J., Lattaud, H., Lubashevskiy, A., Mayer, D. W., Marnieros, S., Minet, J., Misiak, D., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Patel, P. K., Perbet, E., Pinckney, H. D., Ponomarev, D., Poda, D., Rarbi, F., Real, J. -S., Ricol, J. -S., Redon, T., Robert, A., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Salagnac, T., Sanglard, V., Schmidt, B., Shevchik, Ye., Sibille, V., Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stutz, A., Vagneron, L., Van De Ponteseele, W., Vezzu, F., Weber, S., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., and Zinatulina, D.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present an overview of recent progress towards the Ricochet coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering CE$\nu$NS experiment. The ILL research reactor in Grenoble, France has been selected as the experiment site, after in situ studies of vibration and particle backgrounds. We present background rate estimates specific to that site, along with descriptions of the planned CryoCube and Q-Array detector payloads., Comment: Proceedings for the 19th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors (LTD19)
Published: 2021

33. CUORE Opens the Door to Tonne-scale Cryogenics Experiments

Author: CUORE Collaboration, Adams, D. Q., Alduino, C., Alessandria, F., Alfonso, K., Andreotti, E., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Bandac, I., Banks, T. I., Bari, G., Barucci, M., Beeman, J. W., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bersani, A., Biare, D., Biassoni, M., Bragazzi, F., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bryant, A., Buccheri, A., Bucci, C., Bulfon, C., Camacho, A., Camilleri, J., Caminata, A., Campani, A., Canonica, L., Cao, X. G., Capelli, S., Capodiferro, M., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Cariello, M., Carniti, P., Carrettoni, M., Casali, N., Cassina, L., Celi, E., Cereseto, R., Ceruti, G., Chiarini, A., Chiesa, D., Chott, N., Clemenza, M., Conventi, D., Copello, S., Cosmelli, C., Cremonesi, O., Crescentini, C., Creswick, R. J., Cushman, J. S., D'Addabbo, A., D'Aguanno, D., Dafinei, I., Datskov, V., Davis, C. J., Del Corso, F., Dell'Oro, S., Deninno, M. M., Di Domizio, S., Dompè, V., Di Vacri, M. L., Di Paolo, L., Drobizhev, A., Ejzak, L., Faccini, R., Fang, D. Q., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M. A., Freedman, S. J., Fu, S. H., Fujikawa, B. K., Gaigher, R., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gladstone, L., Goett, J., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Guandalini, C., Guerzoni, M., Guetti, M., Gutierrez, T. D., Haller, E. E., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Hennings-Yeomans, R., Hickerson, K. P., Huang, R. G., Huang, H. Z., Iannone, M., Ioannucci, L., Johnston, J., Kadel, R., Keppel, G., Kogler, L., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Leder, A., Ligi, C., Lim, K. E., Liu, R., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Maiano, C., Maino, M., Marini, L., Martinez, M., Amaya, C. Martinez, Maruyama, R. H., Mayer, D., Mazza, R., Mei, Y., Moggi, N., Morganti, S., Mosteiro, P. J., Nagorny, S. S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novati, V., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olcese, M., Olivieri, E., Orio, F., Orlandi, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C. E., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmieri, V., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pedretti, M., Pedrotta, R., Pelosi, A., Perego, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Piperno, G., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Reindl, F., Rimondi, F., Risegari, L., Rosenfeld, C., Rossi, C., Rusconi, C., Sakai, M., Sala, E., Salvioni, C., Sangiorgio, S., Santone, D., Schaeffer, D., Schmidt, B., Schmidt, J., Scielzo, N. D., Sharma, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Smith, A. R., Speller, D., Stivanello, F., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tatananni, L., Tenconi, M., Terranova, F., Tessaro, M., Tomei, C., Ventura, G., Vetter, K. J., Vignati, M., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wallig, J., Wang, B. S., Wang, H. W., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Wise, T., Zanotti, L., Zarra, C., Zhang, G. Q., Zhu, B. X., Zimmermann, S., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution - comparable to semiconductor detectors - and a wide choice of target materials, making low temperature calorimetric detectors ideal for a variety of particle physics applications. Rare event searches have continued to require ever greater exposures, which has driven them to ever larger cryogenic detectors, with the CUORE experiment being the first to reach a tonne-scale, mK-cooled, experimental mass. CUORE, designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, has been operational since 2017 at a temperature of about 10 mK. This result has been attained by the use of an unprecedentedly large cryogenic infrastructure called the CUORE cryostat: conceived, designed and commissioned for this purpose. In this article the main characteristics and features of the cryogenic facility developed for the CUORE experiment are highlighted. A brief introduction of the evolution of the field and of the past cryogenic facilities are given. The motivation behind the design and development of the CUORE cryogenic facility is detailed as are the steps taken toward realization, commissioning, and operation of the CUORE cryostat. The major challenges overcome by the collaboration and the solutions implemented throughout the building of the cryogenic facility will be discussed along with the potential improvements for future facilities. The success of CUORE has opened the door to a new generation of large-scale cryogenic facilities in numerous fields of science. Broader implications of the incredible feat achieved by the CUORE collaboration on the future cryogenic facilities in various fields ranging from neutrino and dark matter experiments to quantum computing will be examined., Comment: 45 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2021
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34. Final results on the $0νββ$ decay half-life limit of $^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo experiment

Author: Augier, C, Barabash, AS, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Billard, J, Borovlev, Yu A, Cardani, L, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Chapellier, M, Chiesa, D, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, Jesus, M De, Marcillac, P de, Dixon, T, Dumoulin, L, Eitel, K, Ferri, F, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Grigorieva, VD, Gros, M, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ Huang R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Khalife, H, Kleifges, M, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Makarov, EP, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Navick, X-F, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Olivieri, E, Ouellet, JL, Pagnanini, L, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pirro, S, Poda, DV, Polischuk, OG, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Redon, Th, Rojas, A, Rozov, S, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, JA, Schmidt, B, Shen, Y, Shlegel, VN, Singh, V, Tomei, C, Tretyak, VI, Umatov, VI, Vagneron, L, Velázquez, M, Welliver, B, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yakushev, E, Zarytskyy, M, and Zolotarova, AS
Subjects: nucl-ex, physics.ins-det
Abstract: The CUPID-Mo experiment to search for 0$u\beta\beta$ decay in $^{100}$Mohas been recently completed after about 1.5 years of operation at LaboratoireSouterrain de Modane (France). It served as a demonstrator for CUPID, a nextgeneration 0$u\beta\beta$ decay experiment. CUPID-Mo was comprised of 20enriched Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating calorimeters, each with a mass of$\sim$ 0.2 kg, operated at $\sim$20 mK. We present here the final analysis withthe full exposure of CUPID-Mo ($^{100}$Mo exposure of 1.47 kg$\times$yr) usedto search for lepton number violation via 0$u\beta\beta$ decay. We report onvarious analysis improvements since the previous result on a subset of data,reprocessing all data with these new techniques. We observe zero events in theregion of interest and set a new limit on the $^{100}$Mo 0$u\beta\beta$ decayhalf-life of $T^{0u}_{1/2} > 1.8 \times 10^{24}$ year (stat.+syst.) at 90%CI. Under the light Majorana neutrino exchange mechanism this corresponds to aneffective Majorana neutrino mass of $\left <(0.28$--$0.49)$ eV, dependent upon the nuclear matrix element utilized.
Published: 2022

35. Final results on the 0νββ decay half-life limit of 100Mo from the CUPID-Mo experiment

Author: Augier, C, Barabash, AS, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Billard, J, Borovlev, Yu A, Cardani, L, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Chapellier, M, Chiesa, D, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dixon, T, Dumoulin, L, Eitel, K, Ferri, F, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Grigorieva, VD, Gros, M, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Khalife, H, Kleifges, M, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Makarov, EP, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Navick, X-F, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Olivieri, E, Ouellet, JL, Pagnanini, L, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pirro, S, Poda, DV, Polischuk, OG, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Redon, Th, Rojas, A, Rozov, S, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, JA, Schmidt, B, Shen, Y, Shlegel, VN, Singh, V, Tomei, C, Tretyak, VI, Umatov, VI, Vagneron, L, Velázquez, M, Welliver, B, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yakushev, E, Zarytskyy, M, and Zolotarova, AS
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The CUPID-Mo experiment to search for 0νββ decay in 100Mo has been recently completed after about 1.5 years of operation at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France). It served as a demonstrator for CUPID, a next generation 0νββ decay experiment. CUPID-Mo was comprised of 20 enriched Li 2100MoO 4 scintillating calorimeters, each with a mass of ∼ 0.2 kg, operated at ∼ 20 mK. We present here the final analysis with the full exposure of CUPID-Mo (100Mo exposure of 1.47 kg × year) used to search for lepton number violation via 0νββ decay. We report on various analysis improvements since the previous result on a subset of data, reprocessing all data with these new techniques. We observe zero events in the region of interest and set a new limit on the 100Mo 0νββ decay half-life of T1/20ν> 1.8 × 10 24 year (stat. + syst.) at 90% CI. Under the light Majorana neutrino exchange mechanism this corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass of 〈 mββ〉
Published: 2022

36. Phonon-mediated crystal detectors with metallic film coating capable of rejecting $\alpha$ and $\beta$ events induced by surface radioactivity

Author: Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Bergé, L., Bourgeois, Ch., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., de Combarieu, M., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., Dumoulin, L., Ferri, F., Giuliani, A., Gotti, C., Gras, Ph., Guerard, E., Ianni, A., Khalife, H., Konovalov, S. I., Loaiza, P., Madhukuttan, M., de Marcillac, P., Mariam, R., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Martinez, M., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Redon, Th., Scarpaci, J. -A., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Phonon-mediated particle detectors based on single crystals and operated at millikelvin temperatures are used in rare-event experiments for neutrino physics and dark-matter searches. In general, these devices are not sensitive to the particle impact point, especially if the detection is mediated by thermal phonons. In this Letter, we demonstrate that excellent discrimination between interior and surface $\beta$ and $\alpha$ events can be achieved by coating a crystal face with a thin metallic film, either continuous or in the form of a grid. The coating affects the phonon energy down-conversion cascade that follows the particle interaction, leading to a modified signal shape for close-to-film events. An efficient identification of surface events was demonstrated with detectors based on a rectangular $20 \times 20 \times 10$ mm$^3$ Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystal coated with a Pd normal-metal film (10~nm thick) and with Al-Pd superconductive bi-layers (100~nm-10~nm thick) on a $20 \times 20$ mm$^2$ face. Discrimination capabilities were tested with $^{238}$U sources emitting both $\alpha$ and $\beta$ particles. Surface events are identified for energy depositions down to millimeter-scale depths from the coated surface. With this technology, a substantial improvement of the background figure can be achieved in experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay.
Published: 2021
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37. An experimental study of antireflective coatings in Ge light detectors for scintillating bolometers

Author: Mancuso M., Beeman J.W., Giuliani A., Dumoulin L., Olivieri E., Pessina G., Plantevin O., Rusconi C., and Tenconi M.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Luminescent bolometers are double-readout devices able to measure simultaneously the phonon and the light yields after a particle interaction in the detector. This operation allows in some cases to tag the type of the interacting quantum, crucial issue for background control in rare event experiments such as the search for neutrinoless double beta decay and for interactions of particle dark matter candidates. The light detectors used in the LUCIFER and LUMINEU searches (projects aiming at the study of the double beta interesting candidates 82Se and 100Mo using ZnSe and ZnMoO4 scintillating bolometers) consist of hyper-pure Ge thin slabs equipped with NTD thermistors. A substantial sensitivity improvement of the Ge light detectors can be obtained applying a proper anti-reflective coatings on the Ge side exposed to the luminescent bolometer. The present paper deals with the investigation of this aspect, proving and quantifying the positive effect of a SiO2 and a SiO coating and setting the experimental bases for future tests of other coating materials. The results confirm that an appropriate coating procedure helps in improving the sensitivity of bolometric light detectors by an important factor (in the range 20% – 35%) and needs to be included in the recipe for the development of an optimized radio-pure scintillating bolometer.
Published: 2014
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38. Rejection of randomly coinciding 2ν2β events in ZnMoO4 scintillating bolometers

Author: Chernyak D.M., Danevich F.A., Giuliani A., Mancuso M., Nones C., Olivieri E., Tenconi M., and Tretyak V.I.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Random coincidence of 2ν2β decay events could be one of the main sources of background for 0ν2β decay in cryogenic bolometers due to their poor time resolution. Pulse-shape discrimination by using front edge analysis, the mean-time and χ2 methods was applied to discriminate randomly coinciding 2ν2β events in ZnMoO4 cryogenic scintillating bolometers. The background can be effectively rejected on the level of 99% by the mean-time analysis of heat signals with the rise time about 14 ms and the signal-to-noise ratio 900, and on the level of 98% for the light signals with 3 ms rise time and signal-to-noise ratio of 30 (under a requirement to detect 95% of single events). Importance of the signal-to-noise ratio, correct finding of the signal start and choice of an appropriate sampling frequency are discussed.
Published: 2014
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39. Purification of molybdenum oxide, growth and characterization of medium size zinc molybdate crystals for the LUMINEU program

Author: Shlegel V.N., Berge L., Boiko R.S., Chapellier M., Chernyak D.M., Coron N., Danevich F.A., Decourt R., Degoda V.Ya., Devoyon L., Drillien A., Dumoulin L., Enss C., Fleischmann A., Gastaldo L., Giuliani A., Gros M., Herve S., Ivanov I.M., Kobychev V.V., Kogut Ya.P., Koskas F., Loidl M., Magnier P., Makarov E.P., Mancuso M., de Marcillac P., Marnieros S., Marrache-Kikuchi C., Nasonov S.G., Navick X.F., Nones C., Olivieri E., Paul B., Penichot Y., Pessina G., Plantevin O., Poda D.V., Redon T., Rodrigues M., Strazzer O., Tenconi M., Torres L., Tretyak V.I., Vasiliev Ya.V., Velazquez M., Viraphong O., and Zhdankov V.N.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The LUMINEU program aims at performing a pilot experiment on neutrinoless double beta decay of 100Mo using radiopure ZnMoO4 crystals operated as scintillating bolometers. Growth of high quality radiopure crystals is a complex task, since there are no commercially available molybdenum compounds with the required levels of purity and radioactive contamination. This paper discusses approaches to purify molybdenum and synthesize compound for high quality radiopure ZnMoO4 crystal growth. A combination of a double sublimation (with addition of zinc molybdate) with subsequent recrystallization in aqueous solutions (using zinc molybdate as a collector) was used. Zinc molybdate crystals up to 1.5 kg were grown by the low-thermal-gradient Czochralski technique, their optical, luminescent, diamagnetic, thermal and bolometric properties were tested.
Published: 2014
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40. QUBIC IV: Performance of TES Bolometers and Readout Electronics

Author: Piat, M., Stankowiak, G., Battistelli, E. S., de Bernardis, P., Alessandro, G. D, De Petris, M., Grandsire, L., Hamilton, J. -Ch., Hoang, T. D., Marnieros, S., Masi, S., Mennella, A., Mousset, L., Sullivan, C. O, Prele, D., Tartari, A., Thermeau, J. -P., Torchinsky, S. A., Voisin, F., Zannoni, M., Ade, P., Alberro, J. G., Almela, A., Amico, G., Arnaldi, L. H., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Azzoni, S., Banfi, S., Belier, B., Bau, A., Bennett, D., Berge, L., Bernard, J. -Ph., Bersanelli, M., Bigot-Sazy, M. -A., Bonaparte, J., Bonis, J., Bunn, E., Burke, D., Buzi, D., Cavaliere, F., Chanial, P., Chapron, C., Charlassier, R., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Columbro, F., Coppolecchia, A., De Gasperis, G., De Leo, M., Dheilly, S., Duca, C., Dumoulin, L., Etchegoyen, A., Fasciszewski, A., Ferreyro, L. P., Fracchia, D., Franceschet, C., Lerena, M. M. Gamboa, Ganga, K. M., Garcia, B., Redondo, M. E. Garcia, Gaspard, M., Gayer, D., Gervasi, M., Giard, M., Gilles, V., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Berisson, M. Gomez, Gonzalez, M., Gradziel, M., Hampel, M. R., Harari, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Incardona, F., Jules, E., Kaplan, J., Kristukat, C., Lamagna, L., Loucatos, S., Louis, T., Maffei, B., Marty, W., Mattei, A., May, A., McCulloch, M., Mele, L., Melo, D., Montier, L., Mundo, L. M., Murphy, J. A., Murphy, J. D., Nati, F., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Paiella, A., Pajot, F., Passerini, A., Pastoriza, H., Pelosi, A., Perbost, C., Perciballi, M., Pezzotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piccirillo, L., Pisano, G., Platino, M., Polenta, G., Puddu, R., Rambaud, D., Rasztocky, E., Ringegni, P., Romero, G. E., Salum, J. M., Schillaci, A., Scoccola, C. G., Scully, S., Spinelli, S., Stolpovskiy, M., Supanitsky, A. D., Timbie, P., Tomasi, M., Tucker, C., Tucker, G., Vigano, D., Vittorio, N., Wicek, F., Wright, M., and Zullo, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: A prototype version of the Q & U bolometric interferometer for cosmology (QUBIC) underwent a campaign of testing in the laboratory at Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology laboratory in Paris (APC). The detection chain is currently made of 256 NbSi transition edge sensors (TES) cooled to 320 mK. The readout system is a 128:1 time domain multiplexing scheme based on 128 SQUIDs cooled at 1 K that are controlled and amplified by an SiGe application specific integrated circuit at 40 K. We report the performance of this readout chain and the characterization of the TES. The readout system has been functionally tested and characterized in the lab and in QUBIC. The low noise amplifier demonstrated a white noise level of 0.3 nV.Hz^-0.5. Characterizations of the QUBIC detectors and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the noise equivalent power. The QUBIC TES bolometer array has approximately 80% detectors within operational parameters. It demonstrated a thermal decoupling compatible with a phonon noise of about 5.10^-17 W.Hz^-0.5 at 410 mK critical temperature. While still limited by microphonics from the pulse tubes and noise aliasing from readout system, the instrument noise equivalent power is about 2.10^-16 W.Hz^-0.5, enough for the demonstration of bolometric interferometry., Comment: Accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2021
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41. A CUPID Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

Author: The CUPID Interest Group, Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Bourgeois, Ch., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Camilleri, J., Candela, A., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cova, F., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Deo, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompe, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Fasoli, M., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Guerard, E., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. -F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivier, G., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Reynet, D., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Vedda, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A. S., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation $0\nu2\beta$ experiment CUPID. The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $\gamma$ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$\sigma$) between $\gamma$($\beta$) and $\alpha$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0\nu2\beta$ decay in CROSS and CUPID projects., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Published: 2020
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42. Characterization of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author: Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergè, L., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cova, F., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Fasoli, M., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Vedda, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of (6.7$\pm$0.6) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $\alpha$ particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $\alpha$-induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
Published: 2020

43. New Limit for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of $^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo Experiment

Author: Armengaud, E., Augier, C., Barabash, A. S., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Benoît, A., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Borovlev, Yu. A., Bourgeois, Ch., Brudanin, V. B., Camus, P., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Chapellier, M., Charlieux, F., Chiesa, D., de Combarieu, M., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Ferri, F., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Grigorieva, V. D., Gros, M., Guerard, E., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kleifges, M., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Leder, A., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Makarov, E. P., de Marcillac, P., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Misiak, D., Navick, X. -F., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novati, V., Olivieri, E., Ouellet, J. L., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Redon, Th., Rojas, A., Rozov, S., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schäffner, K., Schmidt, B., Shen, Y., Shlegel, V. N., Siebenborn, B., Singh, V., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Vagneron, L., Velázquez, M., Welliver, B., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yakushev, E., Zarytskyy, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The CUPID-Mo experiment at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France) is a demonstrator for CUPID, the next-generation ton-scale cryogenic $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment. It consists of a 4.2 kg array of 20 enriched Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers to search for the lepton number violating process of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{100}$Mo. With more than one year of operation (2.16 kg$\times$yr of physics data), no event in the region of interest and hence no evidence for $0\nu\beta\beta$ is observed. We report a new limit on the half-life of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{100}$Mo of $T_{1/2} > 1.5 \times 10^{24}\,$yr at 90 % C.I. The limit corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass $\langle m_{\beta\beta} \rangle$ $<$ (0.31--0.54)$\,$eV, dependent on the nuclear matrix element in the light Majorana neutrino exchange interpretation.
Published: 2020
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44. Novel technique for the study of pile-up events in cryogenic bolometers

Author: Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Precise characterization of detector time resolution is of crucial importance for next-generation cryogenic-bolometer experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay, such as CUPID, in order to reject background due to pile-up of two-neutrino double-beta decay events. In this paper, we describe a technique developed to study the pile-up rejection capability of cryogenic bolometers. Our approach, which consists of producing controlled pile-up events with a programmable waveform generator, has the benefit that we can reliably and reproducibly control the time separation and relative energy of the individual components of the generated pile-up events. The resulting data allow us to optimize and benchmark analysis strategies to discriminate between individual and pile-up pulses. We describe a test of this technique performed with a small array of detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, in Italy; we obtain a 90% rejection efficiency against pulser-generated pile-up events with rise time of ~15ms down to time separation between the individual events of about 2ms.
Published: 2020
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45. QUBIC I: Overview and ScienceProgram

Author: Hamilton, J. -Ch., Mousset, L., Battistelli, E. S., Bigot-Sazy, M. -A., Chanial, P., Charlassier, R., D'Alessandro, G., de Bernardis, P., De Petris, M., Lerena, M. M. Gamboa, Grandsire, L., Lau, S., Marnieros, S., Masi, S., Mennella, A., O'Sullivan, C., Piat, M., Riccardi, G., Scóccola, C., Stolpovskiy, M., Tartari, A., Torchinsky, S. A., Voisin, F., Zannoni, M., Ade, P., Alberro, J. G., Almela, A., Amico, G., Arnaldi, L. H., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Azzoni, S., Banfi, S., Bélier, B., Baù, A., Bennett, D., Bergé, L., Bernard, J. -Ph., Bersanelli, M., Bonaparte, J., Bonis, J., Bunn, E., Burke, D., Buzi, D., Cavaliere, F., Chapron, C., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Columbro, F., Coppolecchia, A., De Gasperis, G., De Leo, M., Dheilly, S., Duca, C., Dumoulin, L., Etchegoyen, A., Fasciszewski, A., Ferreyro, L. P., Fracchia, D., Franceschet, C., Ganga, K. M., García, B., Redondo, M. E. García, Gaspard, M., Gayer, D., Gervasi, M., Giard, M., Gilles, V., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Berisso, M. Gómez, González, M., Gradziel, M., Hampel, M. R., Harari, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Incardona, F., Jules, E., Kaplan, J., Kristukat, C., Lamagna, L., Loucatos, S., Louis, T., Maffei, B., Marty, W., Mattei, A., May, A., McCulloch, M., Mele, L., Melo, D., Montier, L., Mundo, L. M., Murphy, J. A., Murphy, J. D., Nati, F., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Paiella, A., Pajot, F., Passerini, A., Pastoriza, H., Pelosi, A., Perbost, C., Perciballi, M., Pezzotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piccirillo, L., Pisano, G., Platino, M., Polenta, G., Prêle, D., Puddu, R., Rambaud, D., Ringegni, P., Romero, G. E., Rasztocky, E., Salum, J. M., Schillaci, A., Scully, S., Spinelli, S., Stankowiak, G., Supanitsky, A. D., Thermeau, J. -P., Timbie, P., Tomasi, M., Tucker, C., Tucker, G., Viganò, D., Vittorio, N., Wicek, F., Wright, M., and Zullo, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Q $\&$ U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) is a novel kind of polarimeter optimized for the measurement of the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which is one of the major challenges of observational cosmology. The signal is expected to be of the order of a few tens of nK, prone to instrumental systematic effects and polluted by various astrophysical foregrounds which can only be controlled through multichroic observations. QUBIC is designed to address these observational issues with a novel approach that combines the advantages of interferometry in terms of control of instrumental systematic effects with those of bolometric detectors in terms of wide-band, background-limited sensitivity. The QUBIC synthesized beam has a frequency-dependent shape that results in the ability to produce maps of the CMB polarization in multiple sub-bands within the two physical bands of the instrument (150 and 220 GHz). These features make QUBIC complementary to other instruments and makes it particularly well suited to characterize and remove Galactic foreground contamination. In this article, first of a series of eight, we give an overview of the QUBIC instrument design, the main results of the calibration campaign, and present the scientific program of QUBIC including not only the measurement of primordial B-modes, but also the measurement of Galactic foregrounds. We give forecasts for typical observations and measurements: with three years of integration on the sky and assuming perfect foreground removal as well as stable atmospheric conditions from our site in Argentina, our simulations show that we can achieve a statistical sensitivity to the effective tensor-to-scalar ratio (including primordial and foreground B-modes) $\sigma(r)=0.015$., Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication by JCAP. Overview paper for a series of 8 QUBIC articles special JCAP edition dedicated to QUBIC
Published: 2020
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46. QUBIC II: Spectro-Polarimetry with Bolometric Interferometry

Author: Mousset, L., Lerena, M. M. Gamboa, Battistelli, E. S., de Bernardis, P., Chanial, P., D'Alessandro, G., Dashyan, G., De Petris, M., Grandsire, L., Hamilton, J. -Ch., Incardona, F., Landau, S., Marnieros, S., Masi, S., Mennella, A., O'Sullivan, C., Piat, M., Ricciardi, G., Scóccola, C. G., Stolpovskiy, M., Tartari, A., Thermeau, J. -P., Torchinsky, S. A., Voisin, F., Zannoni, M., Ade, P., Alberro, J. G., Almela, A., Amico, G., Arnaldi, L. H., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Azzoni, S., Banfi, S., Bélier, B., Baù, A., Bennett, D., Bergé, L., Bernard, J. -Ph., Bersanelli, M., Bigot-Sazy, M. -A., Bonaparte, J., Bonis, J., Bunn, E., Burke, D., Buzi, D., Cavaliere, F., Chapron, C., Charlassier, R., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Columbro, F., Coppolecchia, A., De Gasperis, G., De Leo, M., Dheilly, S., Duca, C., Dumoulin, L., Etchegoyen, A., Fasciszewski, A., Ferreyro, L. P., Fracchia, D., Franceschet, C., Ganga, K. M., García, B., Redondo, M. E. García, Gaspard, M., Gayer, D., Gervasi, M., Giard, M., Gilles, V., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Berisso, M. Gómez, González, M., Gradziel, M., Hampel, M. R., Harari, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Jules, E., Kaplan, J., Kristukat, C., Lamagna, L., Loucatos, S., Louis, T., Maffei, B., Marty, W., Mattei, A., May, A., McCulloch, M., Mele, L., Melo, D., Montier, L., Mundo, L. M., Murphy, J. A., Murphy, J. D., Nati, F., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Paiella, A., Pajot, F., Passerini, A., Pastoriza, H., Pelosi, A., Perbost, C., Perciballi, M., Pezzotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piccirillo, L., Pisano, G., Platino, M., Polenta, G., Prêle, D., Puddu, R., Rambaud, D., Rasztocky, E., Ringegni, P., Romero, G. E., Salum, J. M., Schillaci, A., Scully, S., Spinelli, S., Stankowiak, G., Supanitsky, A. D., Timbie, P., Tomasi, M., Tucker, G., Tucker, C., Viganò, D., Vittorio, N., Wicek, F., Wright, M., and Zullo, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Bolometric interferometry is a novel technique that has the ability to perform spectral imaging. A bolometric interferometer observes the sky in a wide frequency band and can reconstruct sky maps in several sub-bands within the physical band in post-processing of the data. This provides a powerful spectral method to discriminate between the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and astrophysical foregrounds. In this paper, the methodology is illustrated with examples based on the Q \& U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) which is a ground-based instrument designed to measure the B-mode polarization of the sky at millimeter wavelengths. We consider the specific cases of point source reconstruction and Galactic dust mapping and we characterize the point spread function as a function of frequency. We study the noise properties of spectral imaging, especially the correlations between sub-bands, using end-to-end simulations together with a fast noise simulator. We conclude showing that spectral imaging performance are nearly optimal up to five sub-bands in the case of QUBIC., Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures. Accepted by JCAP on July 6, 2021. Second paper of series of 8 in a special JCAP edition on QUBIC
Published: 2020
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47. Pulse Shape Discrimination in CUPID-Mo using Principal Component Analysis

Author: Huang, R., Armengaud, E., Augier, C., Barabash, A. S., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Benoît, A., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Borovlev, Yu. A., Bourgeois, Ch., Brudanin, V. B., Camus, P., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Chapellier, M., Charlieux, F., de Combarieu, M., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Eitel, K., Ferri, F., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Grigorieva, V. D., Gros, M., Guerard, E., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kleifges, M., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Makarov, E. P., de Marcillac, P., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Misiak, D., Navick, X. -F., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Ouellet, J. L., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Previtali, E., Redon, Th., Rozov, S., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schäffner, K., Schmidt, B., Shen, Y., Shlegel, V. N., Siebenborn, B., Singh, V., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Umatov, V. I., Vagneron, L., Velázquez, M., Weber, M., Welliver, B., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yakushev, E., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: CUPID-Mo is a cryogenic detector array designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{100}$Mo. It uses 20 scintillating $^{100}$Mo-enriched Li$_2$MoO$_4$ bolometers instrumented with Ge light detectors to perform active suppression of $\alpha$ backgrounds, drastically reducing the expected background in the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal region. As a result, pileup events and small detector instabilities that mimic normal signals become non-negligible potential backgrounds. These types of events can in principle be eliminated based on their signal shapes, which are different from those of regular bolometric pulses. We show that a purely data-driven principal component analysis based approach is able to filter out these anomalous events, without the aid of detector response simulations.
Published: 2020
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48. QUBIC VII: The feedhorn-switch system of the technological demonstrator

Author: Cavaliere, F., Mennella, A., Zannoni, M., Battaglia, P., Battistelli, E. S., Burke, D., D'Alessandro, G., de Bernardis, P., De Petris, M., Franceschet, C., Grandsire, L., Hamilton, J. -Ch., Maffei, B., Manzan, E., Marnieros, S., Masi, S., O'Sullivan, C., Passerini, A., Pezzotta, F., Piat, M., Tartari, A., Torchinsky, S. A., Viganò, D., Voisin, F., Ade, P., Alberro, J. G., Almela, A., Amico, G., Arnaldi, L. H., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Azzoni, S., Bélier, B., Baù, A., Banfi, S., Bennett, D., Bergé, L., Bernard, J. -Ph., Bersanelli, M., Bigot-Sazy, M. -A., Bonaparte, J., Bonis, J., Bunn, E., Buzi, D., Chanial, P., Chapron, C., Charlassier, R., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Columbro, F., Coppolecchia, A., De Gasperis, G., De Leo, M., Dheilly, S., Duca, C., Dumoulin, L., Etchegoyen, A., Fasciszewski, A., Ferreyro, L. P., Fracchia, D., Berisso, M. Gómez, Lerena, M. M. Gamboa, Ganga, K. M., García, B., Redondo, M. E. García, Gaspard, M., Gayer, D., Gervasi, M., Giard, M., Gilles, V., Giraud-Heraud, Y., González, M., Gradziel, M., Hampel, M. R., Harari, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Incardona, F., Jules, E., Kaplan, J., Kristukat, C., Lamagna, L., Loucatos, S., Louis, T., Marty, W., Mattei, A., May, A., McCulloch, M., Mele, L., Melo, D., Montier, L., Mousset, L., Mundo, L. M., Murphy, J. A., Murphy, J. D., Nati, F., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Pagana, E., Paiella, A., Pajot, F., Pastoriza, H., Pelosi, A., Perbost, C., Perciballi, M., Piacentini, F., Piccirillo, L., Pisano, G., Platino, M., Polenta, G., Prêle, D., Puddu, R., Rambaud, D., Rasztocky, E., Ringegni, P., Romero, G. E., Salum, J. M., Scóccola, C., Schillaci, A., Scully, S., Spinelli, S., Stankowiak, G., Stolpovskiy, M., Supanitsky, A. D., Thermeau, J. -P., Timbie, P., Tomasi, M., Tucker, G., Tucker, C., Vittorio, N., Wicek, F., Wright, M., and Zullo, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present the design, manufacturing and performance of the horn-switch system developed for the technological demonstrator of QUBIC (the $Q$\&$U$ Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology). This system is constituted of 64 back-to-back dual-band (150\,GHz and 220\,GHz) corrugated feed-horns interspersed with mechanical switches used to select desired baselines during the instrument self-calibration. We manufactured the horns in aluminum platelets milled by photo-chemical etching and mechanically tightened with screws. The switches are based on steel blades that open and close the wave-guide between the back-to-back horns and are operated by miniaturized electromagnets. We also show the current development status of the feedhorn-switch system for the QUBIC full instrument, based on an array of 400 horn-switch assemblies., Comment: 30 pages, 28 figures. Accepted for submission to JCAP
Published: 2020
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49. QUBIC V: Cryogenic system design and performance

Author: Masi, S., Battistelli, E. S., de Bernardis, P., Chapron, C., Columbro, F., D'Alessandro, G., De Petris, M., Grandsire, L., Hamilton, J. -Ch., Marnieros, S., Mele, L., May, A., Mennella, A., O'Sullivan, C., Paiella, A., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Piccirillo, L., Presta, G., Schillaci, A., Tartari, A., Thermeau, J. -P., Torchinsky, S. A., Voisin, F., Zannoni, M., Ade, P., Alberro, J. G., Almela, A., Amico, G., Arnaldi, L. H., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Azzoni, S., Banfi, S., Bélier, B., Baù, A., Bennett, D., Bergé, L., Bernard, J. -Ph., Bersanelli, M., Bigot-Sazy, M. -A., Bonaparte, J., Bonis, J., Bunn, E., Burke, D., Buzi, D., Cavaliere, F., Chanial, P., Charlassier, R., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Coppolecchia, A., De Gasperis, G., De Leo, M., Dheilly, S., Duca, C., Dumoulin, L., Etchegoyen, A., Fasciszewski, A., Ferreyro, L. P., Fracchia, D., Franceschet, C., Lerena, M. M. Gamboa, Ganga, K. M., García, B., Redondo, M. E. García, Gaspard, M., Gayer, D., Gervasi, M., Giard, M., Gilles, V., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Berisso, M. Gómez, González, M., Gradziel, M., Hampel, M. R., Harari, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Incardona, F., Jules, E., Kaplan, J., Kristukat, C., Lamagna, L., Loucatos, S., Louis, T., Maffei, B., Marty, W., Mattei, A., McCulloch, M., Melo, D., Montier, L., Mousset, L., Mundo, L. M., Murphy, J. A., Murphy, J. D., Nati, F., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Pajot, F., Passerini, A., Pastoriza, H., Pelosi, A., Perbost, C., Perciballi, M., Pezzotta, F., Pisano, G., Platino, M., Polenta, G., Prêle, D., Puddu, R., Rambaud, D., Rasztocky, E., Ringegni, P., Romero, G. E., Salum, J. M., Scóccola, C. G., Scully, S., Spinelli, S., Stankowiak, G., Stolpovskiy, M., Supanitsky, A. D., Timbie, P., Tomasi, M., Tucker, G., Tucker, C., Viganò, D., Vittorio, N., Wicek, F., Wright, M., and Zullo, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Current experiments aimed at measuring the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) use cryogenic detector arrays and cold optical systems to boost the mapping speed of the sky survey. For these reasons, large volume cryogenic systems, with large optical windows, working continuously for years, are needed. Here we report on the cryogenic system of the QUBIC (Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) experiment: we describe its design, fabrication, experimental optimization and validation in the Technological Demonstrator configuration. The QUBIC cryogenic system is based on a large volume cryostat, using two pulse-tube refrigerators to cool at ~3K a large (~1 m^3) volume, heavy (~165kg) instrument, including the cryogenic polarization modulator, the corrugated feedhorns array, and the lower temperature stages; a 4He evaporator cooling at ~1K the interferometer beam combiner; a 3He evaporator cooling at ~0.3K the focal-plane detector arrays. The cryogenic system has been tested and validated for more than 6 months of continuous operation. The detector arrays have reached a stable operating temperature of 0.33K, while the polarization modulator has been operated from a ~10K base temperature. The system has been tilted to cover the boresight elevation range 20 deg -90 deg without significant temperature variations. The instrument is now ready for deployment to the high Argentinean Andes., Comment: This is one of a series of papers on the QUBIC experiment status - This version of the paper matches the one accepted for publication on Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2020
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50. QUBIC VI: cryogenic half wave plate rotator, design and performances

Author: D'Alessandro, G., Mele, L., Columbro, F., Amico, G., Battistelli, E. S., de Bernardis, P., Coppolecchia, A., De Petris, M., Grandsire, L., Hamilton, J. -Ch., Lamagna, L., Marnieros, S., Masi, S., Mennella, A., O'Sullivan, C., Paiella, A., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pisano, G., Presta, G., Tartari, A., Torchinsky, S. A., Voisin, F., Zannoni, M., Ade, P., Alberro, J. G., Almela, A., Arnaldi, L. H., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Azzoni, S., Banfi, S., Bélier, B., Baù, A., Bennett, D., Bergé, L., Bernard, J. -Ph., Bersanelli, M., Bigot-Sazy, M. -A., Bonaparte, J., Bonis, J., Bunn, E., Burke, D., Buzi, D., Cavaliere, F., Chanial, P., Chapron, C., Charlassier, R., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, De Gasperis, G., De Leo, M., Dheilly, S., Duca, C., Dumoulin, L., Etchegoyen, A., Fasciszewski, A., Ferreyro, L. P., Fracchia, D., Franceschet, C., Lerena, M. M. Gamboa, Ganga, K. M., García, B., Redondo, M. E. García, Gaspard, M., Gayer, D., Gervasi, M., Giard, M., Gilles, V., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Berisso, M. Gómez, González, M., Gradziel, M., Hampel, M. R., Harari, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Incardona, F., Jules, E., Kaplan, J., Kristukat, C., Loucatos, S., Louis, T., Maffei, B., Marty, W., Mattei, A., May, A., McCulloch, M., Melo, D., Montier, L., Mousset, L., Mundo, L. M., Murphy, J. A., Murphy, J. D., Nati, F., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Pajot, F., Passerini, A., Pastoriza, H., Pelosi, A., Perbost, C., Perciballi, M., Pezzotta, F., Piccirillo, L., Platino, M., Polenta, G., Prêle, D., Puddu, R., Rambaud, D., Rasztocky, E., Ringegni, P., Romero, G. E., Salum, J. M., Schillaci, A., Scóccola, C. G., Scully, S., Spinelli, S., Stankowiak, G., Stolpovskiy, M., Supanitsky, A. D., Thermeau, J. -P., Timbie, P., Tomasi, M., Tucker, G., Tucker, C., Viganò, D., Vittorio, N., Wicek, F., Wright, M., and Zullo, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Inflation Gravity Waves B-Modes polarization detection is the ultimate goal of modern large angular scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments around the world. A big effort is undergoing with the deployment of many ground-based, balloon-borne and satellite experiments using different methods to separate this faint polarized component from the incoming radiation. One of the largely used technique is the Stokes Polarimetry that uses a rotating half-wave plate (HWP) and a linear polarizer to separate and modulate the polarization components with low residual cross-polarization. This paper describes the QUBIC Stokes Polarimeter highlighting its design features and its performances. A common systematic with these devices is the generation of large spurious signals synchronous with the rotation and proportional to the emissivity of the optical elements. A key feature of the QUBIC Stokes Polarimeter is to operate at cryogenic temperature in order to minimize this unwanted component. Moving efficiently this large optical element at low temperature constitutes a big engineering challenge in order to reduce friction power dissipation. Big attention has been given during the designing phase to minimize the differential thermal contractions between parts. The rotation is driven by a stepper motor placed outside the cryostat to avoid thermal load dissipation at cryogenic temperature. The tests and the results presented in this work show that the QUBIC polarimeter can easily achieve a precision below 0.1{\deg} in positioning simply using the stepper motor precision and the optical absolute encoder. The rotation induces only few mK of extra power load on the second cryogenic stage (~ 8 K)., Comment: Part of a series of 8 papers on QUBIC to be submitted to a special issue of JCAP
Published: 2020
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