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Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2021-07-07T13:55:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Weber Gutemberg Alves de Oliveira.pdf: 2744401 bytes, checksum: 21399b0efd3d329b753f39f59cf8ff51 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-07T13:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Weber Gutemberg Alves de Oliveira.pdf: 2744401 bytes, checksum: 21399b0efd3d329b753f39f59cf8ff51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-09-10 Anxiety is a common mental disorder, with high prevalence rates and relevant social and personal costs, which demand new therapies for their treatment. These behavioral changes can reshape the composition of the intestinal microbiota by means of stress hormones, inflammation and autonomic changes, as well as promoting the consumption of highly palatable foods, influencing which intestinal bacteria thrive. In turn, intestinal bacteria can release metabolites, toxins and neurohormones that alter eating behavior and mood. Supplementation of functional foods has been shown to beneficially modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as the microbiota that receives prebiotics provides beneficial microorganisms with a competitive advantage over other bacteria in the colonic ecosystem, in addition, the microbiota that receives prebiotics ferment this functional food, which elevates the supply of energy to the host in the form of short-chain fatty acids, in addition to reducing levels of corticosterone and raising the gamma amino butyric acid. These resulting products are released into the bloodstream, affecting the GI tract, as well as other distant organs such as the central nervous system. We conducted a narrative review in order to describe the effects of prebiotics on anxiety indicators in an animal model, providing information on bioactive carbohydrates, with an emphasis on their prebiotic properties in murines. In addition to this, we have structured a systematic review with meta-analysis to answer the question: Do prebiotics improve anxiety-indicating behaviors? The data and articles used in the systematic review and meta-analysis were obtained during the month of July 2018, and the research strategy was repeated in July 2019. The open field test (OF), serum corticosterone level and the changing the profile of the microbiota were considered as the primary parameters of interest in this investigation. The calculations of the meta-analyzes were performed using the RevMan 5.3 software. We found 411 complete articles, abstracts, review articles or book chapters that included the keywords used in the bibliographic research, of these, at the end of the screening and evaluation, six experimental studies met the inclusion criteria in the meta-analysis. The results of the systematic review and meta-analyzes indicate that the use of prebiotics has beneficial effects, which directly or indirectly reduce behaviors that indicate anxiety in murines, and these benefits are related to the reduction of corticosterone levels and to an increase in the population beneficial bacteria, in particular Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp..This work also suggests starting new studies using prebiotics as a therapeutic alternative or complementary therapy to the conventional treatment of anxious behaviors in humans, considering that the beneficial microbiota and its connection with brain regions recognized as modulators of emotions and neuroendocrine response to stress may be underlying the pathophysiology of anxiety. Ansiedade é um transtorno mental comum, com elevadas taxas de prevalência e relevantes custos sociais e pessoais, que demandam novas terapêuticas para o seu tratamento. Estas alterações de comportamento podem remodelar a composição da microbiota intestinal por meio de hormônios do estresse, inflamação e alterações autonômicas, assim como promover o consumo de alimentos altamente palatáveis, influenciando quais bactérias intestinais prosperam. Por sua vez, bactérias intestinais podem liberar metabólitos, toxinas e neuro-hormônios que alteram o comportamento alimentar e o humor. A suplementação de alimentos funcionais, demonstrou modificar beneficamente a composição da microbiota intestinal, pois a microbiota que recebe prebióticos fornece aos microrganismos benéficos vantagem competitiva sobre outras bactérias do ecossistema colônico, além disso, a microbiota que recebe prebióticos fermentam esse alimento funcional, o que eleva a oferta de energia ao hospedeiro na forma de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, além de reduzir níveis de corticosterona e elevar o ácido gama amino butírico. Estes produtos resultantes são liberados na circulação sanguínea, afetando o trato GI, e também outros órgãos distantes como o sistema nervoso central. Realizamos uma revisão narrativa com o objetivo de descrever os efeitos dos prebióticos em indicadores de ansiedade em modelo animal, fornecendo informações sobre carboidratos bioativos, com ênfase em suas propriedades prebióticas em murinos. Complementar a esta, estruturamos uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise para responder a questão: Os prebióticos melhoram comportamentos indicadores de ansiedade? Os dados e artigos utilizados na revisão sistemática e na meta-análise foram obtidos durante o mês de julho de 2018, e a estratégia de pesquisa foi repetida em julho de 2019. O teste de campo aberto (OF), nível sérico de corticosterona e a mudança do perfil da microbiota foram considerados como os parâmetros primários de interesse dessa investigação. Os cálculos das meta-análises foram realizados através do software RevMan 5.3. Encontramos 411 artigos completos, resumos, artigos de revisão ou capítulos de livros que traziam as palavras-chave utilizadas na pesquisa bibliográfica, destes, ao final da triagem e avaliação, seis estudos experimentais preencheram os critérios de inclusão na meta-análise. Os resultados da revisão sistemática e das meta-análises apontam que o uso de prebióticos tem efeitos benéficos, que reduzem direta ou indiretamente comportamentos indicadores de ansiedade em murinos, e estes benefícios estão relacionados à redução dos níveis de corticosterona e ao aumento da população de bactérias benéficas, em particular Lactobacillus spp. e Bifidobacterium spp.. Este trabalho sugere ainda iniciar novos estudos utilizando prebióticos como alternativa terapêutica ou terapia complementar ao tratamento convencional dos comportamentos ansiosos em humanos, tendo em vista que a microbiota benéfica e sua conexão com regiões cerebrais reconhecidas como moduladoras de emoções e de resposta neuroendócrina ao estresse podem estar subjacentes à fisiopatologia da ansiedade.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:29:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1517-86922017000300200.pdf: 113550 bytes, checksum: 7113dfdf7a705d6f8e0786bf624783bf (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Introduction: With the rapid increase in life expectancy, systematic physical exercise programs can have a good influence on the functional capacity of the elderly, especially in relation to institutionalization. Objective: To analyze the association between a systematic physical exercise program and functional capacity in institu-tionalized elderly. Methods: The sample included 30 elderly subjects (16 women and 14 men) aged 60 years or older (mean age = 74.43), divided into a control group (n=16) and a training group (n=14), residents in a long-stay institution. A training protocol of 12 weeks, two weekly sessions, was applied, and functional capa-city was assessed before and after the intervention, through chair lift tests (lower limb strength), upper limb strength, timed up and go and handgrip dynamometry. The analysis pre and post-training of intervention and control groups was performed using paired Student t test and the ANOVA test for repeated measures. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The main statistical significance were found for the following functional tests: upper limb strength (training 15.6±4.1 x control 10.7±6.6 rep, p