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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal examinar la relación existente entre los estilos educativos parentales y el malestar psicológico de adultos y adultas emergentes estudiantes de Universidad. Debido a que las prácticas parentales se interpretan y construyen dentro del contexto cultural en que se llevan a cabo, hemos realizado el estudio en dos países distintos del sur de Europa, España y Portugal. Los estilos educativos parentales se crearon siguiendo el método empleado en el clásico estudio de Lamborn, Mounts, Steinberg and Dornsbush (1991) basado en puntuaciones terciles. La muestra estuvo compuesta por personas adultas emergentes universitarias de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 30 años procedentes de España (N = 552; M = 20,29; SD = 2,13) y Portugal (N = 492; M = 20,20; SD = 2,10). El principal resultado es que los y las estudiantes de Universidad que perciben a sus padres y madres con un estilo educativo autoritario tienen mayores niveles de malestar psicológico en ambos países, tanto España como Portugal. Nuestros resultados revelan por un lado, la necesidad de realizar estudios sobre relaciones familiares durante la adultez emergente en los países del sur de Europa, ya que en estos países la mayoría de los y las jóvenes vive esta etapa en el contexto familiar y la familia continúa siendo un referente fundamental en la promoción de un desarrollo saludable. Por otro lado, la necesidad de politicas sociales de apoyo a la familia durante esta etapa del desarrollo.

Las relaciones parento-filiales siguen teniendo un rol destacado en la vida de las personas durante los años de Educación Superior. La investigación afirma que el afecto parental actúa como un factor positivo en el desarollo de los individuos, al igual que ocurría durante la adolescencia. Sin embargo, el papel del control parental no es tan claro y parece ser menos necesario en la adultez emergente que en años anteriores. De hecho, altos niveles de control se relacionan con problemas durante esta etapa. El objetivo general de este trabajo es ampliar la investigación existente y desde una perspectiva de género analizar como interaccionan entre sí las variables familiares. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de moderación entre las variables implicación parental, sexo y control psicológico y conductual. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1047 adultos emergentes de Educación Superior procedentes de España y Portugal. Los resultados sugieren que a mayor implicación parental, los adultos emergentes perciben un menor control (psicológico y conductual) por parte de sus progenitores. Esta relación se muestra especialmente fuerte entre las mujeres y se invierte en el caso de los hombres portugueses respecto al control conductual. Además, la asociación entre la calidad del contexto familiar y el bienestar psicológico es similiar en ambos países. Los resultados evidencian que las relaciones parento-filiales están influenciadas por las características culturales, afectando al desarrollo individual más allá de la adolescencia y, especialmente durante los años universitarios donde la mayoría de los adultos emergentes del Sur de Europa continúa conviviendo en el hogar familiar.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T22:28:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 In the school context, social skills in teachers and children, as well as child behavioral problems, contribute to the social development and learning of the students, however, there is no instrument that evaluates these variables in an integrated way. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the validation of the Interview Script of Educational Practices for Teachers (RE-HSE-Pr) instrument. The RE-HSE-Pr was developed in a similar way to other pre-existing instruments in which parents are the information source. After validation, it had 9 guide-questions organized on three information axes: Communication, Affection and Establishment of Limits. Participants were teachers of 283 pre-school and school age children, who answered both the RE-HSE-Pr and Teacher's Report Form (TRF). Evaluations of the construct and discriminant validity and reliability were performed, according to technical procedures. Two factors with adequate alpha (positive total; negative total) were identified, and discriminant analyses discriminated cases from non-cases; boys from girls and pre-school children from school children. Psychometric indicators were satisfactory. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade de São Paulo Universidade Estadual Paulista

Emerging Adulthood in South European countries occurs within the family context. Different changes in family patterns have been observed during this time period in order to find a new equilibrium in family relationships. Moreover, this readjustment is influenced by the characteristics of the context. Hence, the need to study in a transcultural way the role played by the family for emerging adults’ development. A cross-national study was carried out in Spain and Portugal in order to analyze the quality of the family relationships during emerging adulthood in both countries and to study the relationship between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. Data are analyzed paying special attention to differences between women and men. Participants in the study belong to two samples with an overall 1000 emerging adults from both countries. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, family relationships variables and psychological well-being and distress. We found that emerging adults perceived their relationships with their parents in a quite similar way in both countries. In general, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in both Spain and Portugal. Moreover, emerging adults from both countries, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of psychological well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. Furthermore, interesting gender differences were found. These results show that family is in fact a relevant source of support during this stage. Besides, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both countries.

Ainda não está definida a estratégia ideal para rastrear a doença de Addison em pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 1 (DMT1). OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência do anticorpo anti-21-hidroxilase (AC anti-21OH) em pacientes DMT1 de etnia diversificada e investigar sua associação à disfunção adrenal e autoimunidade tireoidiana. MÉTODOS: Quarenta indivíduos foram avaliados, submetidos à entrevista e à dosagem de AC antitireoperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-21OH, TSH, T4 livre e cortisol. AC anti-21OH foi encontrado em 7,5% (n = 3) dos casos, sem disfunção adrenal associada. RESULTADOS: Positividade para anti-21OH não ocorreu exclusivamente em pacientes com anti-TPO (+). Este foi detectado em 25% dos casos e associado a níveis de TSH mais elevados (p = 0,034) e à idade mais avançada (p = 0,009). CONCLUSÕES: Embora nossa frequência de anti-TPO (+) seja similar à da literatura, a presença de anti-21OH (+) foi superior. Entretanto, esses AC não foram associados à disfunção hormonal, o que parece não justificar o rastreamento universal da doença de Addison.

Um subgrupo de pacientes, em sua maioria negros ou hispânicos e obesos, tem a cetoacidose diabética (CAD) como forma de apresentação de diabetes mellitus (DM), mas, devido à sua evolução clínica, posteriormente é classificado como DM tipo 2. Estes indivíduos têm pesquisa de auto-anticorpos anti-GAD, anti-IA2 e anti-insulina negativa, mas freqüentemente em associação com HLA classe II de risco para DM tipo 1 (DRB1*03 e/ou DRB1*04). Este subtipo peculiar de DM é denominado diabetes flatbush. Neste artigo, relatamos o caso de uma paciente de origem caucasiana com tais características, na qual foi possível retirada da insulinoterapia. Os possíveis fatores associados a esta evolução favorável serão discutidos. A subgroup of patients presents diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) but later is classified as type 2 DM based on the clinical follow-up. These individuals, most commonly obese of African or Hispanic origin, have negative auto-antibodies associated with type 1 DM, but frequently HLA class II DRB1*03 and/or DRB1*04 are detected. This peculiar subtype of DM is commonly referred to as diabetes flatbush. Here we report the case of a Caucasian patient that exhibited the described evolution and in whom it was possible to withdraw insulin therapy. The possible factors associated with this favorable development are also discussed.

Background Hypertriglyceridemia in combination with low HDL cholesterol levels is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ciprofibrate for the treatment of this form of dyslipidemia and to identify factors associated with better treatment response. Methods Multicenter, international, open-label study. Four hundred and thirty seven patients were included. The plasma lipid levels at inclusion were fasting triglyceride concentrations between 1.6–3.9 mM/l and HDL cholesterol ≤ 1.05 mM/l for women and ≤ 0.9 mM/l for men. The LDL cholesterol was below 4.2 mM/l. All patients received ciprofibrate 100 mg/d. Efficacy and safety parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment. The primary efficacy parameter of the study was percentage change in triglycerides from baseline. Results After 4 months, plasma triglyceride concentrations were decreased by 44% (p < 0.001). HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased by 10% (p < 0.001). Non-HDL cholesterol was decreased by 19%. A greater HDL cholesterol response was observed in lean patients (body mass index < 25 kg/m2) compared to the rest of the population (8.2 vs 19.7%, p < 0.001). In contrast, cases with excess body weight had a larger decrease in non-HDL cholesterol levels (-20.8 vs -10.8%, p < 0.001). There were no significant complications resulting from treatment with ciprofibrate. Conclusions Ciprofibrate is efficacious for the correction of hypertriglyceridemia / low HDL cholesterol. A greater decrease in non-HDL cholesterol was found among cases with excess body weight. The mechanism of action of ciprofibrate may be influenced by the pathophysiology of the disorder being treated.

A hiperglicemia pós-prandial (HPP) decorre da diminuição da primeira fase de secreção insulínica e não tanto da resistência à insulina. Embora marcador da glicemia pós-prandial (GPP), a glicemia de 2h (G2h) pós-sobrecarga oral de glicose tem baixa reprodutibilidade. A HPP é importante fator de risco cardiovascular (CV), particularmente no DM, por ser a primeira causa de morte. Em não-diabéticos, tanto a glicemia de jejum (GJ) como a G2h elevam tal risco, que segue um continuum mesmo dentro da faixa normal (disglicemia). Lesões ateroscleróticas são mais acentuadas nos distúrbios do metabolismo glicídico, existindo associação de dano arterial com G2h. Em populações com GJ normal, à medida que se eleva a G2h, também aumenta o risco de morte. Glicação não-enzimática de componentes da parede arterial e oxidação de lipoproteínas aceleram o processo aterosclerótico. Associa-se a HPP a distúrbio de condução, facilitador da ocorrência de morte súbita. Disfunção endotelial também predispõe à vasoconstrição e isquemia miocárdica pós-refeição. A ADA recomenda que a GPP seja monitorada, especialmente quando GJ e A1c não forem proporcionais. Inibidores de alfa-glicosidase, glinidas e análogos de insulina de ação ultra-rápida são eficazes em reduzir a GPP, restando saber se diminuem complicações crônicas diabéticas. Post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPH) is mainly attributed to a reduced first phase insulin secretion and lesser to insulin resistance. Although a marker of post-prandial glycemia (PPG), 2-hour post glucose load glycemic level (2hG) has low reproducibility. PPH is an important cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, particularly in DM in which CV diseases are the main cause of death. In non-diabetics, fasting and/or 2hG increase such risk, which occurs in a continuum within the normal range (dysglycemia). Atherosclerotic lesions are more pronounced in glucose metabolism disturbances; an association of arterial injury and 2hG was verified. In populations with normal fasting glycemia the risk of death increases along with 2hG. Non-enzymatic glycation of arterial wall components and lipoprotein oxidation accelerate atherosclerotic process. PPH is associated with conduction disturbances, which facilitate the occurrence of sudden death. Endothelial dysfunction could also predispose to vasoconstriction and post-prandial myocardial ischemia. ADA recommends that PPG should be monitored, especially when fasting glycemia and A1c are not proportional. While the efficacy of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, glynides and ultra-short action insulin analogues are proved to reduce PPG it is still necessary to ascertain whether they are able to reduce long-term diabetic complications.