163 results on '"Olive, Marie-Marie"'
Search Results
2. Les approches One Health pour faire face aux émergences: un nécessaire dialogue État-sciences-sociétés
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Olive Marie-Marie, Angot Jean-Luc, Binot Aurélie, Desclaux Alice, Dombreval Loïc, Lefrançois Thierry, Lury Antoine, Paul Mathilde, Peyre Marisa, Simard Frédéric, Weinbach Jérôme, and Roger François
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one health ,dialogue état-sciences-sociétés ,maladies émergentes ,prévention ,approches intégrées ,Science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
En mars 2021, Montpellier Université d’excellence (MUSE) et Agropolis International ont réuni des décideurs, acteurs opérationnels, représentants d’organisations internationales et scientifiques pour partager leurs expériences des approches intégrées en santé dans le cadre du concept One Health. Ces échanges intersectoriels fructueux ont croisé les points de vue et ont pointé les obstacles et les enjeux de la mise en œuvre concrète de ces approches. Les participants ont abouti à des propositions pour rendre plus efficace cette mise en œuvre et faire face aux menaces sanitaires émergentes et aux futures pandémies : coconstruire des projets intégrés avec tous les acteurs concernés (citoyens, décideurs politiques, chercheurs, services locaux) ; développer des méthodes d’évaluation de leurs impacts ; former les acteurs ; institutionnaliser et coordonner les actions du niveau local au niveau mondial.
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- 2022
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3. Evidence for circulation of Rift Valley fever virus in wildlife and domestic animals in a forest environment in Gabon, Central Africa
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Becquart, Pierre, primary, Bohou Kombila, Linda, additional, Mebaley, Telstar Ndong, additional, Paupy, Christophe, additional, Garcia, Déborah, additional, Nesi, Nicolas, additional, Olive, Marie-Marie, additional, Vanhomwegen, Jessica, additional, Boundenga, Larson, additional, Mombo, Illich Manfred, additional, Piro-Mégy, Camille, additional, Fritz, Matthieu, additional, Lenguiya, Léadisaelle Hosanna, additional, Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg, additional, Leroy, Eric M., additional, N’Dilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Cêtre-Sossah, Catherine, additional, and Maganga, Gael Darren, additional
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- 2024
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4. Are the sterile insect technique and the incompatible insect techniques effective in reducingAedesmosquito populations?
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Olive, Marie-Marie, primary, Le Goff, Gilbert, additional, Baldet, Thierry, additional, and Roiz, David, additional
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- 2024
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5. Human Exposure to Hantaviruses Associated with Rodents of the Murinae Subfamily, Madagascar
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Rabemananjara, Harinirina Aina, Raharinosy, Vololoniaina, Razafimahefa, Ravo Michele, Ravalohery, Jean Pierre, Rafisandratantsoa, Jean Theophile, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Rajerison, Minoarisoa, Rahelinirina, Soanandrasana, Harimanana, Aina, Irinantenaina, Judickaelle, Olive, Marie-Marie, Rogier, Christophe, Tordo, Noel, Ulrich, Rainer G., Reynes, Jean-Marc, Petres, Stephane, Heraud, Jean-Michel, Telfer, Sandra, and Filippone, Claudia
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Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ,Hantaviruses -- Identification and classification ,Murinae -- Health aspects ,Zoonoses -- Distribution ,Disease transmission ,Beef cattle ,Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ,Rodents ,Oceans ,Hemorrhagic fevers ,Immunoglobulin G ,Aerosols ,Diseases ,Novels ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
Hantaviruses belonging to the genus Orthohantavirus, family Hantaviridae, are frequently zoonotic. Rodents are the usual reservoirs of human pathogenic hantaviruses and typically do not show obvious signs of disease (2,2). [...]
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- 2020
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6. Evidence for circulation of Rift Valley fever virus in wildlife and domestic animals in a forest environment in Gabon, Central Africa
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Becquart, Pierre, primary, Bohou Kombila, Linda, additional, Mebaley, Telstar Ndong, additional, Paupy, Christophe, additional, Garcia, Déborah, additional, Nesi, Nicolas, additional, Olive, Marie-Marie, additional, Vanhomwegen, Jessica, additional, Boundenga, Larson, additional, Mombo, Illich Manfred, additional, Piro-Mégy, Camille, additional, Fritz, Matthieu, additional, Lenguiya, Léadisaelle Hosanna, additional, Gouilh, Meriadeg Ar, additional, Leroy, Eric M, additional, N'Dilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Cêtre-Sossah, Catherine, additional, and Maganga, Gael Darren, additional
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- 2023
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7. Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Directed against Dengue, Chikungunya and West Nile Viruses and Associated Risk Factors in Madagascar, 2011 to 2013
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Broban, Anaïs, primary, Olive, Marie-Marie, additional, Tantely, Michael Luciano, additional, Dorsemans, Anne-Claire, additional, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, additional, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, additional, Rogier, Christophe, additional, Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional, and Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional
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- 2023
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8. Exploratory analysis of the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of healthcare workers about arboviruses in the context of surveillance in the Republic of Guinea.
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Bangoura, Salifou Talassone, Hounmènou, Castro Gbêmêmali, Sidibé, Sidikiba, Camara, Saidouba Cherif, Mbaye, Aminata, Olive, Marie-Marie, Camara, Alioune, Delamou, Alexandre, Keita, Alpha-Kabinet, Delaporte, Eric, Khanafer, Nagham, and Touré, Abdoulaye
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MEDICAL personnel ,DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,RIFT Valley fever ,ARBOVIRUSES ,ARBOVIRUS diseases ,YELLOW fever - Abstract
Background: The escalating risk and contemporary occurrences of arbovirus infections prompt a critical inquiry into the ability of nations to execute efficient surveillance systems capable to detect, prevent and respond to arbovirus outbreaks. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the major actors in the surveillance of infectious diseases with epidemic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of HCWs regarding arboviruses in the public health facilities of Conakry, Guinea. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the from December 27, 2022, to January 31, 2023, encompassing from public health facilities in Conakry. The data collection process encompassed various aspects, including the characteristics of health facilities, socio-demographic and professional attributes of HCWs, the information received concerning arboviruses and the sources of information, as well as a series of inquiries designed to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. Subsequently, scores were computed for knowledge, attitude and perception. To identify the factors influencing the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HCWs regarding arboviruses, Decision Tree and Inference Conditional Tree models were used. Results: A total of 352 HCWs participated in the study, comprising 219 from national hospitals, 72 from municipal hospitals and 61 from primary health centers. More than half of the respondents (54.3%) had never received information on arboviruses. Only 1% of the respondents had good knowledge about arboviruses, 95.7% had a negative attitude about arboviruses. Moreover, nearly 60% of the respondents had a moderate perception and 24.1% had a good perception. The analysis revealed significant associations between the knowledge and attitudes of respondents concerning arboviruses and their years of professional experience and age. Conclusion: This study highlights the imperative requirement for comprehensive training targeting HCWs to enhance their capacity for early case detection within healthcare facilities. Additionally, there is a crucial need for analogous studies adopting a mixed-methods approach across all healthcare regions in Guinea. Author summary: Arboviruses, including yellow fever, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and Rift Valley fever, constitute viral diseases transmitted by blood-sucking arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and biting midges, to vertebrate hosts. In many countries, particularly within Africa, the prevalence of these arboviruses remains widely underestimated due to the absence of effective surveillance systems, often resulting in the conflation of arboviral infections with other infectious diseases. Nevertheless, sub-Saharan Africa is prone to periodic arbovirus-linked epidemics, propelled by factors such as the expansion of vector habitats, viral genetic mutations, anthropogenic influences, inadequate healthcare services, commercial transportation, and climate fluctuations. While Guinea has predominantly reported suspected cases of yellow fever, widespread arbovirus-related epidemics have yet to be documented. Nevertheless, it is imperative for healthcare workers to be well-informed and prepared for prospective epidemics. The assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of healthcare workers can serve as a catalyst to heighten awareness, bolster surveillance mechanisms, and enhance the capabilities of public health facilities in the prevention and mitigation of potential epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Current evidences of the efficacy of mosquito mass-trapping interventions to reduce Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and Aedes-borne virus transmission
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Jaffal, Ali, primary, Fite, Johanna, additional, Baldet, Thierry, additional, Delaunay, Pascal, additional, Jourdain, Frédéric, additional, Mora-Castillo, Ronald, additional, Olive, Marie-Marie, additional, and Roiz, David, additional
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- 2023
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10. Current evidences of the efficacy of mosquito mass-trapping interventions to reduce Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and Aedes-borne virus transmission
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Jaffal, Ali, Fite, Johanna, Baldet, Thierry, Delaunay, Pascal, Jourdain, Frédéric, Mora-Castillo, Ronald, Olive, Marie-Marie, Roiz, David, Jaffal, Ali, Fite, Johanna, Baldet, Thierry, Delaunay, Pascal, Jourdain, Frédéric, Mora-Castillo, Ronald, Olive, Marie-Marie, and Roiz, David
- Abstract
Background: Over the past decades, several viral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes—dengue, chikungunya, Zika—have spread outside of tropical areas. To limit the transmission of these viruses and preserve human health, the use of mosquito traps has been developed as a complement or alternative to other vector control techniques. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the existing scientific literature to assess the efficacy of interventions based on adult mosquito trap to control Aedes population densities and the diseases they transmit worldwide. Methods and findings: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Among the 19 selected papers, lethal ovitraps were used in 16 studies, host-seeking female traps in 3 studies. Furthermore, 16 studies focused on the control of Ae. aegypti. Our review showed great heterogeneity in the indicators used to assess trap efficacy: e.g., the number of host-seeking females, the number of gravid females, the proportion of positive containers, the viral infection rate in female mosquitoes or serological studies in residents. Regardless of the type of studied traps, the results of various studies support the efficacy of mass trapping in combination with classical integrated vector control in reducing Aedes density. More studies with standardized methodology, and indicators are urgently needed to provide more accurate estimates of their efficacy. Conclusions: This review highlights gaps in the demonstration of the efficacy of mass trapping of mosquitoes in reducing viral transmission and disease. Thus, further large-scale cluster randomized controlled trials conducted in endemic areas and including epidemiological outcomes are needed to establish scientific evidence for the reduction of viral transmission risk by mass trapping targeting gravid and/or host-seeking female mosqu
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- 2023
11. Geographical distribution and relative risk of Anjozorobe virus (Thailand orthohantavirus) infection in black rats (Rattus rattus) in Madagascar
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Raharinosy, Vololoniaina, Olive, Marie-Marie, Andriamiarimanana, Fehivola Mandanirina, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, Andriamamonjy, Seta, Filippone, Claudia, Rakoto, Danielle Aurore Doll, Telfer, Sandra, and Heraud, Jean-Michel
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- 2018
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12. Les approches One Health pour faire face aux émergences : un nécessaire dialogue État-sciences-sociétés
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Angot, Jean-Luc, Binot, Aurélie, Desclaux, Alice, Dombreval, Loïc, Lefrançois, Thierry, Lury, Antoine, Paul, Mathilde, Peyre, Marie-Isabelle, Simard, Frédéric, Weinbach, Jérôme, Roger, François, Olive, Marie-Marie, Angot, Jean-Luc, Binot, Aurélie, Desclaux, Alice, Dombreval, Loïc, Lefrançois, Thierry, Lury, Antoine, Paul, Mathilde, Peyre, Marie-Isabelle, Simard, Frédéric, Weinbach, Jérôme, and Roger, François
- Abstract
En mars 2021, Montpellier Université d'excellence (MUSE) et Agropolis International ont réuni des décideurs, acteurs opérationnels, représentants d'organisations internationales et scientifiques pour partager leurs expériences des approches intégrées en santé dans le cadre du concept One Health. Ces échanges intersectoriels fructueux ont croisé les points de vue et ont pointé les obstacles et les enjeux de la mise en oeuvre concrète de ces approches. Les participants ont abouti à des propositions pour rendre plus efficace cette mise en oeuvre et faire face aux menaces sanitaires émergentes et aux futures pandémies : coconstruire des projets intégrés avec tous les acteurs concernés (citoyens, décideurs politiques, chercheurs, services locaux) ; développer des méthodes d'évaluation de leurs impacts ; former les acteurs ; institutionnaliser et coordonner les actions du niveau local au niveau mondial.
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- 2022
13. Current evidences of the efficacy of mosquito mass-trapping interventions to reduce Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and Aedes-borne transmission.
- Author
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Jaffal, Ali, Fite, Johanna, Baldet, Thierry, Delaunay, Pascal, Jourdain, Frédéric, Mora-Castillo, Ronald, Olive, Marie-Marie, and Roiz, David
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AEDES aegypti ,AEDES albopictus ,DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,VIRAL transmission ,CLUSTER randomized controlled trials ,ALPHAVIRUSES ,MOSQUITOES - Abstract
Background: Over the past decades, several viral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes—dengue, chikungunya, Zika—have spread outside of tropical areas. To limit the transmission of these viruses and preserve human health, the use of mosquito traps has been developed as a complement or alternative to other vector control techniques. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the existing scientific literature to assess the efficacy of interventions based on adult mosquito trap to control Aedes population densities and the diseases they transmit worldwide. Methods and findings: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Among the 19 selected papers, lethal ovitraps were used in 16 studies, host-seeking female traps in 3 studies. Furthermore, 16 studies focused on the control of Ae. aegypti. Our review showed great heterogeneity in the indicators used to assess trap efficacy: e.g., the number of host-seeking females, the number of gravid females, the proportion of positive containers, the viral infection rate in female mosquitoes or serological studies in residents. Regardless of the type of studied traps, the results of various studies support the efficacy of mass trapping in combination with classical integrated vector control in reducing Aedes density. More studies with standardized methodology, and indicators are urgently needed to provide more accurate estimates of their efficacy. Conclusions: This review highlights gaps in the demonstration of the efficacy of mass trapping of mosquitoes in reducing viral transmission and disease. Thus, further large-scale cluster randomized controlled trials conducted in endemic areas and including epidemiological outcomes are needed to establish scientific evidence for the reduction of viral transmission risk by mass trapping targeting gravid and/or host-seeking female mosquitoes. Author summary: Over the past decades, several viral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes—dengue, chikungunya, Zika—have spread outside of tropical areas. To limit the transmission of these viruses and preserve environment and human health, the use of mosquito traps has been developed as a complement or alternative to other vector control techniques. This review support the efficacy of mass trapping in combination with classical integrated vector control on the reduction in mosquito vector populations within several weeks of deployment. However, this research highlights gaps in the demonstration of the efficacy of mass trapping of mosquitoes in reducing viral transmission and disease. Thus, further studies are needed to establish scientific evidence for the reduction of viral transmission risk by mass trapping targeting gravid and/or host-seeking female mosquitoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Rapport d'expertise collective. Évaluation de l'efficacité des pièges utilisés dans le cadre de la lutte anti-vectorielle contre les moustiques Aedes vecteurs d'arboviroses. Saisine n° 2020-SA-0150
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Fite, Johanna (ed.), Jaffal, Ali (ed.), Baldet, Thierry, Delaunay, Pascal, Jourdain, Frédéric, Mora-Castillo, Ronald, Olive, Marie-Marie, Roiz, David, De Sousa, Georges, Aymard, Alain, Cahuzac, Jean-Christophe, Devillers, James, Greve, Pierre, Hartemann, Philippe, Hellio, Claire, Pessel, Dominique, Richard, Vincent, Soumet, Christophe, Quenel, Philippe, Arnaud, Frédérick, Boëte, Christophe, Bonnet, Sarah, Claeys, Cécilia, Lazzari, Claudio R., Lienard, Emmanuel, Ludwig, Antoinette, Manguin, Sylvie, Paty, Marie-Claire, Paupy, Christophe, Raude, Jocelyn, René-Martellet, Magalie, Saegerman, Claude, Simard, Frédéric, and Stahl, Jean-Paul
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- 2021
15. Les clés pour empêcher les futures pandémies
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Peyre, Marie-Isabelle, Goutard, Flavie, Roger, François, and Olive, Marie-Marie
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zoonose ,pandémie ,Contrôle de maladies ,Politique sanitaire ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Santé publique ,S50 - Santé humaine ,Prévention des maladies ,Surveillance épidémiologique ,épidémie - Published
- 2021
16. Avis de l'Anses relatif à l'évaluation du rapport bénéfice risque des pratiques de lutte anti-vectorielle habituellement mises en oeuvre pour lutter contre la dengue, dans le contexte actuel de confinement global. Saisine n°2020-SA-0057
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Fite, Johanna (ed.), Quillery, Elsa (ed.), Bastos, Henry (ed.), Baldet, Thierry, Devillers, James, Olive, Marie-Marie, Paty, Marie-Claire, Paupy, Christophe, Raude, Jocelyn, Roiz, David, Thiann-Bo-Morel, Marie, Claeys, Cécilia, and Quenel, Philippe
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- 2021
17. Risk assessment of the introduction of Rift Valley fever from the Horn of Africa to Yemen via legal trade of small ruminants
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Abdo-Salem, Shaif, Waret-Szkuta, Agnès, Roger, François, Olive, Marie-Marie, Saeed, Khalid, and Chevalier, Véronique
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- 2011
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18. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with West Nile infection in human in Madagascar: a cross-sectional serological survey
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Olive, Marie-Marie, primary, Broban, Anaïs, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional, Dorsemans, Anne-Claire, additional, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, additional, Andriamamonjy, Seta, additional, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, additional, Rogier, Christophe, additional, and Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional
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- 2021
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19. AVIS de l'ANSES relatif à ' l'évaluation du rapport bénéfice risque des pratiques de lutte anti-vectorielle habituellement mises en oeuvre pour lutter contre la dengue, dans le contexte actuel de confinement global '
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Baldet, Thierry, Devillers, James, Olive, Marie-Marie, Paty, Marie-Claire, Paupy, Christophe, Raude, J., Roiz Pereda, David, Stahl, Jean-Paul, Thiann-Bo-Morel, Marie, Claeys, Cécilia, and Quenel, Philippe
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Dans le contexte de la gestion de crise liée à l'épidémie de Covid-19 en France, l'Anses a été saisie en urgence le 14 avril 2020 par la Direction Générale de la Santé pour réaliser l'expertise suivante : " Évaluation du rapport bénéfice-risque des pratiques de lutte anti-vectorielle habituellement mises en oeuvre pour lutter contre la dengue, dans le contexte actuel de confinement global ".
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- 2020
20. La pandémie de Covid-19 ne doit pas nous faire oublier la dengue
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Roiz, David, Fite, J., Baldet, T., Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
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SAINT BARTHELEMY ,EUROPE ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Virus de chikungunya ,Santé publique ,REUNION ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Aedes ,GUYANE FRANCAISE ,Surveillance épidémiologique ,ETATS UNIS ,Transmission des maladies ,virus Zika ,MARTINIQUE ,pandémie ,Fièvre jaune ,COVID-19 ,maladie à virus Zika ,BRESIL ,Vecteur de maladie ,Maladie infectieuse ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,MAYOTTE ,épidémie - Published
- 2020
21. The COVID-19 pandemic should not jeopardize dengue control
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Baldet, Thierry, Devillers, James, Fite, Johanna, Paty, Marie-Claire, Paupy, Christophe, Quenel, Philippe, Quillery, Elsa, Raude, Jocelyn, Stahl, Jean-Paul, Thiann-Bo-Morel, Marie, Roiz, David, Olive, Marie-Marie, Baldet, Thierry, Devillers, James, Fite, Johanna, Paty, Marie-Claire, Paupy, Christophe, Quenel, Philippe, Quillery, Elsa, Raude, Jocelyn, Stahl, Jean-Paul, Thiann-Bo-Morel, Marie, and Roiz, David
- Abstract
The concurrent circulation of dengue and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may produce many unfavourable outcomes—such as co-infections; delays in diagnosis, treatment, and mitigation measures; overwhelming of the healthcare system; underreporting of cases; deterioration in surveillance and control interventions; and exacerbation of social inequalities. Indeed, lockdown is greatly compromising the effectiveness of vector control, especially social mobilization campaigns and preventive insecticide spraying in private spaces (indoor and peridomestic spraying). Thus, failure to appropriately implement the full range of vector control interventions can lead to a reduction in their overall effectiveness and an increasing risk of vector-borne diseases circulating. Consequently, the health community and policy makers should develop proactive policies and allocate adequate resources to prevent and manage the resurgence of dengue and other vector-borne diseases in the new era of COVID-19.
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- 2020
22. The COVID-19 pandemic should not jeopardize dengue control
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Olive, Marie-Marie, primary, Baldet, Thierry, additional, Devillers, James, additional, Fite, Johanna, additional, Paty, Marie-Claire, additional, Paupy, Christophe, additional, Quénel, Philippe, additional, Quillery, Elsa, additional, Raude, Jocelyn, additional, Stahl, Jean-Paul, additional, Thiann-Bo-Morel, Marie, additional, and Roiz, David, additional
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- 2020
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23. Absence of Rift Valley fever virus in wild small mammals, Madagascar
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Razafindralambo, Nadia, Barivelo, Tony Andrianaivo, Rafisandratantsoa, Jean-Theophile, Soarimalala, Voahangy, Goodman, Steven M., Rollin, Pierre E., Heraud, Jean-Michel, and Reynes, Jean-Marc
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Rift Valley fever -- Health aspects -- Distribution ,Mammals -- Health aspects ,Animals as carriers of disease -- Research ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
To the Editor: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic virus in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus, which affects mainly domestic ruminants and humans on continental Africa, Madagascar, [...]
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- 2013
24. Seroepidemiological Study of Interepidemic Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Persons with Intense Ruminant Exposure in Madagascar and Kenya
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Gray, Gregory C., Anderson, Benjamin D., LaBeaud, A. Desirée, Heraud, Jean-Michel, Fèvre, Eric M., Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Cook, Elizabeth A. J., Dahir, Saidi, De Glanville, William A., Heil, Gary L., Khan, Salah U., Muiruri, Samuel, Olive, Marie-Marie, Thomas, Lian F., Merrill, Hunter R., Merrill, Mary L. M., Richt, Juergen A., Duke University [Durham], Stanford University, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Liverpool, International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Nairobi] (ILRI), International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Ethiopie] (ILRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Ministry of Health, University of Edinburgh, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Kansas State University
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Rift Valley Fever ,MESH: Kenya ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Antibodies, Viral ,MESH: Madagascar ,Young Adult ,MESH: Risk Factors ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Neutralization Tests ,Risk Factors ,Zoonoses ,MESH: Rift Valley Fever ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Animals ,Epidemics ,MESH: Epidemics ,MESH: Adolescent ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,MESH: Middle Aged ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Neutralization Tests ,MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,MESH: Adult ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,Articles ,Ruminants ,Middle Aged ,Rift Valley fever virus ,Kenya ,MESH: Male ,MESH: Immunoglobulin M ,Immunoglobulin M ,MESH: Ruminants ,MESH: Young Adult ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,MESH: Rift Valley fever virus ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Female ,MESH: Zoonoses ,MESH: Female ,MESH: Antibodies, Viral - Abstract
International audience; In this cross-sectional seroepidemiological study we sought to examine the evidence for circulation of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) among herders in Madagascar and Kenya. From July 2010 to June 2012, we enrolled 459 herders and 98 controls (without ruminant exposures) and studied their sera (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and plaque reduction neutralization test [PRNT] assays) for evidence of previous RVFV infection. Overall, 59 (12.9%) of 459 herders and 7 (7.1%) of the 98 controls were positive by the IgG ELISA assay. Of the 59 ELISA-positive herders, 23 (38.9%) were confirmed by the PRNT assay (21 from eastern Kenya). Two of the 21 PRNT-positive study subjects also had elevated IgM antibodies against RVFV suggesting recent infection. Multivariate modeling in this study revealed that being seminomadic (odds ratio [OR] = 6.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1–15.4) was most strongly associated with antibodies against RVFV. Although we cannot know when these infections occurred, it seems likely that some interepidemic RVFV infections are occurring among herders. As there are disincentives regarding reporting RVFV outbreaks in livestock or wildlife, it may be prudent to conduct periodic , limited, active seroepidemiological surveillance for RVFV infections in herders, especially in eastern Kenya.
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- 2015
25. Mécanismes de transmission du virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift à Madagascar
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Montpellier, Véronique Chevalier, and Jean-Michel Héraud
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Facteur de risque ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Madagascar ,Dynamique de transmission ,Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift ,Transmission dynamic ,Risk factor ,Rift Valley fever ,Transmission mechanism ,Mécanisme de transmission - Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic vector-borne disease affecting ruminants and humans. Its complex eco-epidemiology involves several species of vectors, hosts and transmission routes. These particularities allowed the circulation of RVF virus (RVFV) in a variety of ecosystems involving different transmission and emergence mechanisms. Indeed, the RVFV has affected contrasted eco-regions in Africa, Arabian Peninsula and South-West Indian Ocean islands, including Madagascar.Madagascar is considered as a continent island due to its ecological diversity and its endemicity level of the flora and the fauna. In particular, the variation of the Malagasy ecosystems (semi-arid in the south, humid and cold in the highlands, humid and warm in the north-west and per-humid in the east) has an impact in their presence and /or the relative abundance of some mosquito species. Madagascar was heavily affected by RVF in 1990-91 and 2008-2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease.Thus considering the diversity of RVF eco-epidemiological cycles and the variety of Malagasy ecosystems, we hypothesized that, in Madagascar, the mechanisms of transmission would be different according to these ecosystems. Therefore, the first objective of this thesis was to understand the mechanisms and the dynamics of transmission of RVFV in the different ecosystems. The second objective was to determine the mechanisms of emergence of RVFV and if it would be necessary and possible to predict the emergence of RVFV outbreaks according to the ecosystems.Firstly, we analyzed both cattle and human serological data performed at the national level using generalized linear mixed models to identify the environmental and behavioral factors associated with RVF transmission in both cattle and human. Secondly, we reconstructed the dynamic of transmission of RVF in the different Malagasy ecosystems. Seroprevalence data of cattle of known age were fitted using Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate the annual force of infection from 1992 to 2014. Thirdly, to understand the biological process link to the mechanisms of transmission at the national scale, we investigated the fine scale mechanisms of transmission of RVFV in pilot area of an at-risk region. We, thus, performed both longitudinal entomological and serological surveys between 2015 and 2016, in order to describe the seasonal transmission of RVFV among ruminants and its association with the dynamics of RVFV potential vectors.Our results showed that the northwestern part of Madagascar is an at-risk region for RVFV transmission. On one hand, it is characterized by high cattle densities associated with humid, floodplain and irrigated areas suitable for RVFV potential vector like Anopheles and Culex species. On the other hand, RVFV had probably circulated intensively in the region during the 1992-2007 inter-epizootic period and its transmission increased suddenly in 2007-08, almost concomitantly with the first outbreaks recorded in 2008. Finally, RVFV was still circulated in the northwestern region at low level, 6 years after the last epidemic. This circulation is likely due to vectorial transmission favoring by the abundance of several potential vectors of RVFV in this pilot region.Finally, our better understanding of the mechanisms of transmission of RVFV throughout Madagascar allowed us to propose hypothesis of transmission in different ecosystems of Madagascar and consequently refine strategies for RVF surveillance and prevention.; La Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (VFVR) est une arbovirose zoonotique affectant principalement les ruminants et les humains. Son éco-épidémiologie complexe implique de nombreuses espèces de vecteurs, d'hôtes et de voies de transmission. Ainsi, différents mécanismes de transmission et d'émergence sont impliqués dans la circulation du virus de la FVR (VFVR) et ceux-ci dans des écosystèmes contrastés d'Afrique, de la Péninsule Arabique et des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien, dont l'île de Madagascar.Par sa superficie, sa grande diversité éco-climatique et sa faune et flore endémique, Madagascar est considérée comme une île continent. On y retrouve, en effet, des écosystèmes variés plus ou moins favorables aux moustiques : semi-arides dans le sud-ouest, humides et froids sur les hautes terres centrales, per-humide dans l'est et humides et chaud dans le nord-ouest. Madagascar a été affectée par deux épidémies de FVR en 1990-91 puis 2008-09. Une étude menée lors de la dernière épidémie a montré que le virus avait largement diffusé dans l'île de façon hétérogène.Compte tenu de la complexité des mécanismes de transmission de la FVR et de la diversité des écosystèmes de Madagascar, nous avons supposé que cette hétérogénéité spatiale était due à des mécanismes de transmission et d'émergence qui variaient en fonction des écosystèmes de l'île. Ainsi, le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse étaient de déterminer les mécanismes et les dynamiques de transmission de la FVR inhérents aux différents écosystèmes de Madagascar. Le second objectif a été d'identifier les mécanismes d'émergence de la FVR à Madagascar et de déterminer s'il sera possible, et nécessaire, de prédire cette émergence à l'échelle des écosystèmes.Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse deux enquêtes sérologiques nationales, l'une bovine (2008) et l'autre humaine (2011-13) ont, premièrement, été analysées par un modèle linéaire mixte généralisé afin d'identifier les facteurs environnementaux et comportementaux favorables à la circulation du virus chez les bovins et les humains. Deuxièmement, deux enquêtes sérologiques bovines, l'une réalisée en 2008 et l'autre en 2014, ont été analysées pour reconstruire la dynamique de transmission de la FVR dans les différents écosystèmes de l'île. Cette reconstruction a été réalisée à partir de données de séroprévalence et d'âge inclues dans un modèle Bayésien hiérarchique pour estimer la force d'infection annuelle de 1992 à 2014. Enfin, afin de faire le lien biologique avec les résultats des travaux menés à une échelle nationale et de décrire les mécanismes de transmission à une échelle fine, des enquêtes longitudinales entomologiques et sérologiques ont été réalisées entre 2015 et 2016 dans un écosystème à risque. Et ceci, afin de décrire la transmission saisonnière du VFVR chez les ruminants associée à la dynamique de transmission des vecteurs potentiels.Nos résultats ont montré que la région du nord-ouest de l'île est une région à risque de transmission. D'une part, elle est constituée d'environnements associant une forte densité de bovins à des zones humides, inondables et irriguées, favorables aux espèces d'Anopheles et Culex. D'autre part, le VFVR semble avoir circulé de façon relativement intense lors de la période inter-épizootique de 1992 à 2007, puis sa transmission a soudainement augmenté en 2007-2008, ce qui est concomitant avec l'apparition des foyers de FVR en 2008. Pour finir, 6 ans après l'épidémie de FVR à Madagascar, le virus semble toujours circuler à bas bruit dans la région. Cette circulation étant probablement due à une transmission vectorielle favorisée par l'abondance de vecteurs potentiels dans la région.Les résultats de ces différents travaux nous ont permis de présenter des hypothèses de transmission dans les différents écosystèmes de l'île et ainsi de proposer des stratégies de surveillance, de prévention et de lutte contre la FVR adaptées au contexte de Madagascar.
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- 2016
26. Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Madagascar
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Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Presti, Alessandra, Lai, Alessia, Olive, Marie-Marie, Angeletti, Silvia, De Florio, Lucia, Cella, Eleonora, Razafindramparany, Minoharimbola, Ravalohery, Jean-Piere, Andriamamonjy, Seta, Gioffrè, Sonia, Zehender, Gianguglielmo, Mottini, Giovanni, Ciccozzi, Massimo, Heraud, Jean-Michel, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma / University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome ( UCBM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Funded by- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Grant Number: 5U51IP000812-02- Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases. Grant Number: 2010-ST061-AG0001
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Male ,MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Hepatitis B virus < Virus classification ,Epidemiology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,MESH: Genotype ,MESH: Madagascar ,MESH: Aged, 80 and over ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Prevalence ,MESH: Genetic Variation ,MESH: Phylogeny ,Phylogeny ,MESH: Evolution, Molecular ,Aged, 80 and over ,MESH: Aged ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,MESH: Middle Aged ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis B ,MESH: Hepatitis B virus ,MESH: Young Adult ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Female ,Adult ,Gene Flow ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,Evolution ,Evolution, Molecular ,Young Adult ,MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies ,Madagascar ,Humans ,MESH: Gene Flow ,MESH: Prevalence ,Aged ,MESH: Adolescent ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Hepatitis B ,Genetic Variation ,MESH: Adult ,MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,MESH: Male ,MESH: DNA, Viral ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,DNA, Viral ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,hepatitis B virus ,MESH: Female - Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus belonging to Hepadnaviridae family. Chronic infection with HBV is one major risk factor of hepatic disease. In Madagascar, former studies classified the country as part of high endemic area, as HBV prevalence can reach 23% in general population. However, this prevalence differs largely between urban and rural areas and is estimated to be, respectively, 5% and 26%. The aims of the present study were to describe the genetic diversity of HBV strains from different regions of Madagascar, and to describe the viral gene flow throughout the country by using phylogenetic analysis. This is the first large-scale molecular and phylogenetic study analyzing HBV sequences from 28 different Malagasy areas, never sampled in the past. In this study, the most prevalent genotype/sub-genotypes was E. Migration analysis showed a gene flow from zone 3 (rural) to zone 2 (suburban), and a greater gene flow from the middle part of Madagascar to the north than to the south. It is important to study the HBV infections in Madagascar and to monitor the potential spread of this viral strain inside this country. J. Med. Virol. 88:2138-2144, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- 2016
27. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and infrastructure for its diagnosis in Madagascar: Implication for the WHO's elimination strategy
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Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Olive, Marie-Marie, Shimakawa, Yusuke, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, Razanajatovo, Iony Manitra, Andrianinarivomanana, Tsarasoa Malala, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, Andriamamonjy, Seta, Rogier, Christophe, Héraud, Jean Michel, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Olive, Marie-Marie, Shimakawa, Yusuke, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, Razanajatovo, Iony Manitra, Andrianinarivomanana, Tsarasoa Malala, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, Andriamamonjy, Seta, Rogier, Christophe, and Héraud, Jean Michel
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Background: WHO developed a global strategy to eliminate hepatitis B by 2030 and set target to treat 80% of people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection eligible for antiviral treatment. As a first step to achieve this goal, it is essential to conduct a situation analysis that is fundamental to designing national hepatitis plans. We therefore estimated the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, and described the existing infrastructure for HBV diagnosis in Madagascar. Methods: We conducted a stratified multi-stage serosurvey of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in adults aged ≥18 years using 28 sentinel surveillance sites located throughout the country. We obtained the list of facilities performing HBV testing from the Ministry of Health, and contacted the person responsible at each facility. Results A total of 1778 adults were recruited from the 28 study areas. The overall weighted seroprevalence of HBsAg was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.6–8.6). Populations with a low socio-economic status and those living in rural areas had a significantly higher seroprevalence of HBsAg. The ratio of facilities equipped to perform HBsAg tests per 100,000 inhabitants was 1.02 in the capital city of Antananarivo and 0.21 outside the capital. There were no facilities with the capacity to perform HBV DNA testing or transient elastography to measure liver fibrosis. There are only five hepatologists in Madagascar. Conclusion: Madagascar has a high-intermediate level of endemicity for HBV infection with a severely limited capacity for its diagnosis and treatment. Higher HBsAg prevalence in rural or underprivileged populations underlines the importance of a public health approach to decentralize the management of chronic HBV carriers in Madagascar by using simple and low-cost diagnostic tools.
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- 2017
28. Reconstruction of Rift Valley fever transmission dynamics in Madagascar: Estimation of force of infection from seroprevalence surveys using Bayesian modelling
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Grosbois, Vladimir, Tran, Annelise, Nomenjanahary, Lalaina Arivony, Rakotoarinoro, Mihaja, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Rogier, Christophe, Héraud, Jean Michel, Chevalier, Véronique, Olive, Marie-Marie, Grosbois, Vladimir, Tran, Annelise, Nomenjanahary, Lalaina Arivony, Rakotoarinoro, Mihaja, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Rogier, Christophe, Héraud, Jean Michel, and Chevalier, Véronique
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The force of infection (FOI) is one of the key parameters describing the dynamics of transmission of vector-borne diseases. Following the occurrence of two major outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Madagascar in 1990–91 and 2008–09, recent studies suggest that the pattern of RVF virus (RVFV) transmission differed among the four main eco-regions (East, Highlands, North-West and South-West). Using Bayesian hierarchical models fitted to serological data from cattle of known age collected during two surveys (2008 and 2014), we estimated RVF FOI and described its variations over time and space in Madagascar. We show that the patterns of RVFV transmission strongly differed among the eco-regions. In the North-West and Highlands regions, these patterns were synchronous with a high intensity in mid-2007/mid-2008. In the East and South-West, the peaks of transmission were later, between mid-2008 and mid-2010. In the warm and humid northwestern eco-region favorable to mosquito populations, RVFV is probably transmitted all year-long at low-level during inter-epizootic period allowing its maintenance and being regularly introduced in the Highlands through ruminant trade. The RVF surveillance of animals of the northwestern region could be used as an early warning indicator of an increased risk of RVF outbreak in Madagascar.
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- 2017
29. Joint analysis of human and bovine serological data: new insight on the risk and mechanisms of transmission of Rift Valley fever in Madagascar. [260]
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Héraud, Jean Michel, Grosbois, Vladimir, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Tran, Annelise, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, Rogier, Christophe, and Chevalier, Véronique
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C30 - Documentation et information ,000 - Autres thèmes ,L73 - Maladies des animaux - Abstract
Purpose: In 2008-09, an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus occurred in Madagascar. Spatial heterogeneity in seroprevalence (SP) and case occurrence frequencies suggested that some areas are more favorable to RVF circulation. The objectives of our study were to identify environmental factors in favor to human and cattle infections; test the relevance of using local cattle infection as human infection predictor and give a new insight on the respective role of direct and vectorial transmission both in human and cattle. Methods: We used 2 independent cattle and human serological datasets originating from two national surveys (2009 and 2011-13). Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) was used to characterize environments of the whole island in terms of climate and landscape. The datasets were analyzed independently using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with the individual serological status- human or cattle- as the binomial response. Explicative variables were age and MFA factors for cattle model (M1) and age, gender, MFA factors and contact with ruminants and their product for human model (M2). Then human and cattle data were analyzed jointly by GLMM with the human individual status as binomial response. In addition to the previous explicative variables cattle SP predicted by M1 was used. Models accuracies were tested using ROC curve method. Results: Four MFA factors were selected. Age and factor4 - humid (irrigation, lake, marshland) environment - had a positive effect on SP of cattle and human living in rural areas (p
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- 2016
30. Multivariable analysis of factors influencing the efficiency of Village Animal Health Workers in Cambodia. [201]
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Goutard, Flavie, Calba, Clémentine, Olive, Marie-Marie, Min, Sophoan, Allal, L., and Peyre, Marie-Isabelle
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E12 - Travail et emploi ,L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires : considérations générales - Abstract
Purpose: In Cambodia, Village Animal Health Workers (VAHW) have been trained by NGOs or by the government to provide animal health services (treatment, husbandry advice, vaccination) to their communities' farmers. This system is characterised by a high variability of skills because of non-harmonised training plans, poor sustainability with a large number of VAHWs dropping their activities after five years and no harmonised tools for their evaluation. The objective of the study was to assess the work skills of VAHW. Methods: We applied a scoring grid composed of five categories (sustainability, treatment, production, vaccination, reporting). Linked to several evaluation criteria, specific questions were defined to assess if the criteria were fulfilled by the VAHW. An additional questionnaire, with 31 explanatory variables, was developed in order to collect data about factors that could influence the VAHW's score. The study was implemented in three provinces bordering Vietnam (Kampong Cham, Prey Veng and Takeo). A total of 367 villages were selected using a proportional random sampling, g method. We applied a multivariable linear regression model to determine factors associated with high scores for the VAHW evaluation. Results: In the population studied, 23% of the villages did not have a VAHW. According to our scoring system, 23.6% of the VAHW interviewed were in a situation of inactivity. From our multivariable analysis, six factors were significantly associated with a high score in the evaluation of the VAHW once they were active: selecting a VAHW from a village with at least 100 heads of cattle, using practical activities during training, having a training duration longer than 30 days, organising refresher courses, being a member of association and having regular contact with the district veterinarian. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the need of constant networking activities in the surveillance system to ensure that field staffs do not feel isolated. Relevance: Some of these findings could be used as a prerequisite for continued participation in refresher training activities done by the Cambodian government. (Texte intégral)
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- 2016
31. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and infrastructure for its diagnosis in Madagascar: implication for the WHO’s elimination strategy
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Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, primary, Olive, Marie-Marie, additional, Shimakawa, Yusuke, additional, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, additional, Razanajatovo, Iony Manitra, additional, Andrianinarivomanana, Tsarasoa Malala, additional, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, additional, Andriamamonjy, Seta, additional, Rogier, Christophe, additional, and Héraud, Jean-Michel, additional
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- 2017
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32. Reconstruction of Rift Valley fever transmission dynamics in Madagascar: estimation of force of infection from seroprevalence surveys using Bayesian modelling
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Olive, Marie-Marie, primary, Grosbois, Vladimir, additional, Tran, Annelise, additional, Nomenjanahary, Lalaina Arivony, additional, Rakotoarinoro, Mihaja, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa-Fy, additional, Rogier, Christophe, additional, Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional, and Chevalier, Veronique, additional
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- 2017
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33. Integrated analysis of environment, cattle and human serological data: Risks and mechanisms of transmission of rift valley fever in Madagascar
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Chevalier, Véronique, Grosbois, Vladimir, Tran, Annelise, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Durand, Benoit, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, Andriamamonjy, Seta, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, Rogier, Christophe, Héraud, Jean Michel, Olive, Marie-Marie, Chevalier, Véronique, Grosbois, Vladimir, Tran, Annelise, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Durand, Benoit, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, Andriamamonjy, Seta, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, Rogier, Christophe, and Héraud, Jean Michel
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Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease affecting ruminants and humans. Madagascar was heavily affected by RVF in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to optimize the available resources by targeting RVF surveillance in Madagascar. Herein, the objectives of our study were: (i) to identify the environmental factors and areas favorable to RVF transmission to both cattle and human and (ii) to identify human behaviors favoring human infections in Malagasy contexts. Methodology/Principal Findings: First, we characterized the environments of Malagasy communes using a Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). Then, we analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at national level using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, with the individual serological status (cattle or human) as the response, and MFA factors, as well as other potential risk factors (cattle density, human behavior) as explanatory variables. Cattle and human seroprevalence rates were positively associated to humid environments (p<0.001). Areas with high cattle density were at risk (p<0.01; OR = 2.6). Furthermore, our analysis showed that frequent contact with raw milk contributed to explain human infection (OR = 1.6). Finally, our study highlighted the eastern-coast, western and north-western parts as high-risk areas for RVF transmission in cattle. Conclusions/Significance: Our integrated approach analyzing environmental, cattle and human datasets allow us to bring new insight on RVF transmission patterns in Madagascar. The association between cattle seroprevalence, humid environments and high cattle density suggests that concomitant vectorial and direct transmissions are critical to maintain RVF enzootic transmission. Additionally, in the at-risk humid environment of the western, north-western and the eastern-coast areas, suitable to Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes, vectorial transmission probabl
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- 2016
34. Rift Valley Fever in human and ruminants in the different ecosystems of Madagascar
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Chevalier, Véronique, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, Grosbois, Vladimir, Tran, Annelise, Rogier, Christophe, and Héraud, Jean Michel
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S50 - Santé humaine ,L73 - Maladies des animaux - Published
- 2014
35. Correction: Integrated Analysis of Environment, Cattle and Human Serological Data: Risks and Mechanisms of Transmission of Rift Valley Fever in Madagascar
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Olive, Marie-Marie, primary, Chevalier, Véronique, additional, Grosbois, Vladimir, additional, Tran, Annelise, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa-Fy, additional, Durand, Benoit, additional, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, additional, Andriamamonjy, Seta, additional, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, additional, Rogier, Christophe, additional, and Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional
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- 2016
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36. Integrated Analysis of Environment, Cattle and Human Serological Data: Risks and Mechanisms of Transmission of Rift Valley Fever in Madagascar
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Olive, Marie-Marie, primary, Chevalier, Véronique, additional, Grosbois, Vladimir, additional, Tran, Annelise, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa-Fy, additional, Durand, Benoit, additional, Ravalohery, Jean-Pierre, additional, Andriamamonjy, Seta, additional, Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa, additional, Rogier, Christophe, additional, and Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional
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- 2016
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37. Risk assessment scenarios to understand the persistence of Rift Valley fever in Comoros (Indian Ocean)
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Etter, Eric, Olive, Marie-Marie, Roger, Matthieu, Faharoudine, Abdourahime, Halifa, Mohamed, and Cardinale, Eric
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U10 - Méthodes mathématiques et statistiques ,L73 - Maladies des animaux - Abstract
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is an arbozoonosis identified for the first time in Kenya in the 1930s. In 2000, the first apparition of the virus out of Africa was described in the Arabian Peninsula with both animal and human cases. Indian Ocean showed animal and human cases in 2008 in Madagascar where the disease was absent during 17 years while the same year the same year the first human case was diagnosed in Mayotte from a young Comorian. Lots of models described climate drivers of RVF outbreaks. These models failed to predict malagasy outbreaks. These recent spreads of the disease are likely to be also linked with animal movements. Forecasting outbreaks and managing rapid control of the disease request adapted and more flexible models. This study assessed two scenarios of risk in the Comoros Islands and compared the results with some surveillance data in order to determine the potential role of the introduction of an exogenous hazard. The first scenario explored the endemicity of the disease through insect-borne transmission and developed the probability for the disease to be spread throughout the island because of infectious mosquito bites. The second scenario developed a model with new legal introduction of cattle from Tanzania and subsequent contact and infection of bovines in Comoros (Grande Comores). A quantitative stochastic approach permitted to include variability as well as uncertainty in this quantitative risk assessment. Advanced analysis of the sensitivity of the models allowed to explore the most probable pathways of transmission and therefore to define thresholds to set priorities in the RVF surveillance and the control measures. (Texte intégral)
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- 2012
38. Circulation de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift à Mayotte : Quels sont les facteurs de risque d'infection du cheptel de
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Girard, Sébastien, Jego, Maël, Maquart, Marianne, Olive, Marie-Marie, Licciardi, Séverine, Roger, Matthieu, Biteau, Fabienne, Mérot, P., and Cardinale, Eric
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L73 - Maladies des animaux - Abstract
L'arrivée de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (FVR) dans la zone Océan Indien, par différentes voies, pose le problème de la circulation virale au sein des îles et entre elles. Le programme " AnimalRisk " qui a débuté en 2008 a dressé, dans une première phase, un bilan de la situation sanitaire des cheptels de ruminants dans les différentes îles de l'Océan Indien : Comores, Madagascar, Maurice, Réunion et Seychelles. Dans une deuxième phase, il tente de comprendre les déterminants de l'épidémiologie de cette maladie. A Mayotte, après l'épizootie de 2008, de nombreuses séroconversions ont ainsi été mises en évidence au sein des troupeaux de ruminants. Les objectifs de notre étude sont de mettre en évidence une circulation virale à bas bruit chez les ruminants en période inter épizootique au sein du cheptel mahorais et identifier les facteurs de risque majeurs d'infection afin de mieux contrôler cette maladie. Pour ce faire, d'une part, un suivi sérologique mensuel (Mars à Août) a été effectué dans cinq élevages situés sur dans différentes zones de l'île. La recherche d'anticorps anti-FVR a été effectuée sur les sérums à l'aide d'un kit de diagnostic ELISA. D'autre part, une enquête sur les pratiques d'élevage et l'environnement a été conduite chez 35 éleveurs du suivi sentinelle FVR des vétérinaires sanitaires ; des prélèvements de sang sur les ruminants de l'exploitation ont accompagné chaque visite. Les résultats sérologiques mettent en lumière une circulation virale silencieuse au sein des cheptels mahorais avec une prévalence de 32% (28%-34%). L'analyse statistique par sélection de modèles (critère d'information d'Akaike) et inférence multi-modèle a permis de montrer que l'abattage sur les exploitations (OR =2.4), le contact des animaux avec un point d'eau (OR=2.6), la faible distance point d'eau/élevage (OR=3.5) et le type de végétation (OR=2.5) constituent des facteurs de risque majeurs d'infection. (Texte intégral)
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- 2011
39. Etudes sur la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift à Madagascar : comprendre les mécanismes de persistance et diffusions du virus
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Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, Olive, Marie-Marie, Ravaomanana, Julie, Rakotondravao, René, Andriamanampy, Nomena, Rasolofoniaina, Jonia, Rafisandrantantsoa, Jean-Théophile, Nepomichene, Thiery Nirina Jean Jose, Andrianaivolambo, Lala, Ratsimandresy, Nasolo, Roger, Matthieu, Maquart, Marianne, Elissa, Nohal, Héraud, Jean Michel, and Cardinale, Eric
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E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux - Abstract
Introduction : A Madagascar, les premières épidémies et épizooties de Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (FVR) ont été rapportées en 1990-1991. A la suite des épidémies et épizooties de FVR en Afrique de l'Est en 2006-2007, la FVR a été détectée dans les îles du sud ouest de l'Océan Indien (Union des Comores, Madagascar) en 2007 et 2008. A Madagascar, le premier cas humain a été détecté en Janvier 2008 suivi de nombreux cas humains et animaux jusqu'en mars 2009. Des études rétrospectives ont montré que le VFVR avait largement circulé dans le pays depuis 2007. Au cours d'une épidémie, des moustiques ont été collectés autour des cas et des pools de femelles non gorgées composées d'Anopheles coustani, Anopheles squamosus/cydippis et Culex antennatus ont été trouvé infectés par le VFVR, suggérant que ces espèces auraient pu jouer un rôle dans la transmission du virus. Les analyses phylogénétiques des souches ayant circulé lors des épisodes de 2008-2009 ont montré que le virus était génétiquement proche de celui ayant circulé en 2006-2007 au Kenya suggérant une nouvelle introduction du virus à Madagascar depuis l'Afrique de l'Est. Les mécanismes d'introduction, de maintenance et de diffusion du VFVR à Madagascar restent à élucider. Pour une meilleure compréhension de ces mécanismes, plusieurs études ont été mises en place dans le cadre du programme de coopération scientifique sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (OI) : le PCSMAE AnimalRisk avec pour objectifs (i) détecter une circulation à bas-bruit du VFVR, (ii) déterminer les espèces de moustiques pouvant être impliquées dans cette circulation à bas-bruit, (iii) déterminer si le virus circulant actuellement est génétiquement similaire à celui circulant en 2008-2009 et enfin (iv) identifier des facteurs de risque et les mécanismes associés à cette circulation et à la dissémination de VRFV à Madagascar, (v) étudier les flux de ruminant à l'intérieur du pays et entre les îles du sud ouest de l'OI Méthodes : Un troupeau sentinelle a été mis en place dans deux zones agro-écologiques différentes à Tuléar (Sud) et Mampikony (Nord-Ouest). Cent cinquante zébus (60 à Mampikony et 90 à Tulear) âgés de 6 mois à 13 mois au début de l'étude ont été identifiés et prélevés mensuellement. Les prélèvements de sérums ont été testés pour une recherche en Immunoglobuline (Ig) M et Ig G dirigées contre le VFVR par ELISA sandwich et ELISA indirect respectivement. Des captures entomologiques ont été organisées dans les sites d'étude en mai et septembre 2010 et mars 2011 pour Tuléar ainsi qu'en avril 2010 et avril 2011 à Mampikony. Enfin une étude sur les flux commerciaux de ruminants dans le pays et entre les îles de l'OI a été menée. Résultats : Durant la période d'étude 53 animaux ont été détectés positifs en IgM dirigées contre le VFVR, traduisant une circulation récente du VFVR. Le nombre d'animaux positif en IgM est plus élevé à Tuléar qu'à Mampikony (respectivement 38 et 15 animaux). Le pic de nouveaux individus en contact avec le VFVR est situé en janvier 2011. La détection du VFVR par RT-PCR dans les sérums récoltés est en cours. Les enquêtes menées dans les ports situés au nord et au nord ouest de Madagascar ne nous ont pas permises d'identifier des importations illicites d'animaux vivants ou denrées alimentaires d'origine animale (DAOA) depuis l'Afrique de l'Est ou l'Archipel des Comores. En revanche, nos enquêtes nous ont permis de déterminer que des exportations de bovins avaient eu lieu depuis le port de Manjunga à destinations des Comores. L'étude sur les flux de bovins dans le pays, nous a permis de déterminer et quantifier les flux d'animaux entrant et sortant des marchés à zébus d'Ambalavao, Ihosy et Ampanotonkana et les flux entrant à Antananarivo. Au total, 10 849 moustiques dont 5 genres et 31 espèces à Mampikony et 5 706 moustiques dont 4 genres et 16 espèces à Tuléar ont été identifiés. En 2010, les vecteurs potentiels (seules les trois espèces citées plus haut sont concernées)
- Published
- 2011
40. Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift : Les Comores: porte d'entrée du virus?
- Author
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Roger, Matthieu, Foray, Coralie, Licciardi, Séverine, Maquart, Marianne, Halifa, Mohamed, Olive, Marie-Marie, Girard, Sébastien, Faharoudine, Abdourahime, Héraud, Jean Michel, and Cardinale, Eric
- Subjects
L01 - Elevage - Considérations générales ,E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,L73 - Maladies des animaux - Abstract
Identifié à Madagascar depuis 1979, le virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (FVR) provoque régulièrement épidémies et épizooties dans la région Océan Indien. Lancé en 2009, le programme "AnimalRisk" a déjà mis en évidence lors de sa première phase, un passage important du virus dans la région et notamment dans tout l'archipel des Comores pour lequel aucune information n'était connue à ce jour. En effet, plus d'un ruminant comorien sur trois prélevé a été testé positif à la recherche d'anticorps anti-FVR. La prévalence globale de la maladie est de 32.8% (28.6% - 36.9%) et varie en fonction des îles avec Anjouan 26.6% (20.0% - 33,3%), Grande Comore 34.3% (28,7% - 40,0%) et Mohéli 45.8% (31.7% - 59.9%). Cette nouvelle donnée, aussi importante, méritait d'être complétée afin de savoir si le virus était toujours présent dans l'archipel. L'importation régulière de ruminants tanzaniens par l'Union des Comores ainsi que les échanges formels et informels de personnes et d'animaux entre les îles de la zone sont des risques d'introduction ou de réintroduction des pathogènes et notamment du virus de la FVR. Plus encore, les facteurs potentiels d'endémisation de la maladie doivent être identifiés et caractérisés afin d'évaluer le risque d'apparition de futures épidémies ou épizooties. Pour répondre à ces questions, un large dispositif a été mis en place lors de la seconde phase du programme " AnimalRisk "dans tous les pays de l'Océan Indien affectés par cette maladie. Pour deux zones de Madagascar, cinq de Mayotte et quatre de l'Union des Comores, des animaux sentinelles ont été identifiés et un suivi sérologique et virologique a été réalisé pendant au moins un an. Des nouvelles données sur les flux d'animaux ont été également collectées suite à la mise en place d'un suivi mensuel des échanges au niveau des points d'entrées/sorties probables d'animaux dans les îles de l'archipel des Comores. En parallèle, la caractérisation du milieu ainsi que des pratiques d'élevage et de commercialisation a été effectuée. Enfin, un suivi entomologique, mené en même temps que le suivi animal, a été réalisé sur les mêmes zones afin de recenser les espèces entomologiques hématophages et les vecteurs potentiels du virus de la FVR. Les résultats préliminaires de ce second volet du programme " AnimalRisk " vont tous dans le même sens. Le virus de la FVR est bien présent et circule en période interépidémique dans tous les pays de l'étude. Ainsi, pour la seule Union des Comores, sur une moyenne de 20 animaux suivis par site pour Anjouan et Mohéli et 35 pour la Grande Comore, onze animaux ont séroconverti. Les séroconversion ont été observées sur les trois îles mais l'incidence la plus élevée est observée à Mohéli avec 35.9% des animaux naïfs de l'étude ayant séroconverti sur 15 mois. (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2011
41. Le réseau régional de surveillance AnimalRisk : de la surveillance à la recherche dans l'Océan Indien
- Author
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Cardinale, Eric, Roger, Matthieu, Elissa, N., Faharoudine, Abdourahime, Girard, S., Halifa, Mohamed, Jaumally, Mahmad Reshad, Héraud, Jean Michel, Lalaonirina, B.A., Laurette, S., Lasne, Laurent, Licciardi, Séverine, Maquart, Marianne, Melanie, Jimmie, Meenowa, Deodass, Olive, Marie-Marie, Rakotoharinome, Vincent Michel, Rakotondravao, M., and Ravaomanana, J.
- Subjects
C30 - Documentation et information ,Maladie des animaux ,Santé animale ,L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales ,Surveillance épidémiologique ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Réseau de recherche - Abstract
Pour répondre aux défis lancés par les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien, les acteurs de la santé animale ont mis en place depuis début 2009 le réseau AnimalRisk-OI. Ce réseau a pour objectif d'apporter un soutien technique et scientifique aux systèmes de surveillance et de proposer des réponses pour une meilleure gestion des risques sanitaires dans la zone. Les partenaires sont les référents de l'OIE dans l'Océan Indien, à savoir les services vétérinaires ainsi que les structures de recherche impliquées en santé animale. Le réseau AnimalRisk-OI n'a pas pour vocationde se substituer aux systèmes de surveillance existants, mais il est chargé d'animer une réflexion autour des problématiques observées par des téléweb conférences bimensuelles, des réunions annuelles et des bulletins d'information trimestriels et de nourrir des actions de recherche qui visent à mieux comprendre l'épidémiologie de certaines maladies et donc de proposer des mesures de gestion adéquates pour mieux les maîtriser. Les premiers résultats de la surveillance et des investigations sur certaines maladies considérées prioritaires par les partenaires sont présentés ici. Les orientations envisagées, outre la poursuite de la synergie entre les actions de surveillance et de recherche, sont un rapprochement avec la santé humaine pour permettre une approche commune et harmonisée de l'appréciation et de la gestion des risques sanitaires dans l'Océan Indien.
- Published
- 2011
42. Evidence for circulation of the Rift Valley fever virus among livestock in the Union of Comoros
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Roger, Matthieu, Beral, Marina, Licciardi, Séverine, Soulé, Miradje, Faharoudine, Abdourahime, Foray, Coralie, Olive, Marie-Marie, Maquart, Marianne, Soulaimane, Abdouroihamane, Kassim, Ahmed Madi, Cetre-Sossah, Catherine, Cardinale, Eric, Roger, Matthieu, Beral, Marina, Licciardi, Séverine, Soulé, Miradje, Faharoudine, Abdourahime, Foray, Coralie, Olive, Marie-Marie, Maquart, Marianne, Soulaimane, Abdouroihamane, Kassim, Ahmed Madi, Cetre-Sossah, Catherine, and Cardinale, Eric
- Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne phlebovirus reported to be circulating in most parts of Africa. Since 2009, RVFV has been suspected of continuously circulating in the Union of Comoros. To estimate the incidence of RVFV antibody acquisition in the Comorian ruminant population, 191 young goats and cattle were selected in six distinct zones and sampled periodically from April 2010 to August 2011. We found an estimated incidence of RVFV antibody acquisition of 17.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): [8.9-26.1]) with a significant difference between islands (8.2% in Grande Comore, 72.3% in Moheli and 5.8% in Anjouan). Simultaneously, a longitudinal entomological survey was conducted and ruminant traderelated information was collected. No RVFV RNA was detected out of the 1,568 blood-sucking caught insects, including three potential vectors of RVFV mosquito species. Our trade survey suggests that there is a continuous flow of live animals from eastern Africa to the Union of Comoros and movements of ruminants between the three Comoro islands. Finally, a cross-sectional study was performed in August 2011 at the end of the follow-up. We found an estimated RVFV antibody prevalence of 19.3% (95% CI: [15.6%-23.0%]). Our findings suggest a complex RVFV epidemiological cycle in the Union of Comoros with probable inter-islands differences in RVFV circulation patterns. Moheli, and potentially Anjouan, appear to be acting as endemic reservoir of infection whereas RVFV persistence in Grande Comore could be correlated with trade in live animals with the eastern coast of Africa. More data are needed to estimate the real impact of the disease on human health and on the national economy.
- Published
- 2014
43. The impact of wildlife in the epidemiology of Rift Valley Fever
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Chevalier, Véronique, Caron, Alexandre, Olive, Marie-Marie, Reynes, Jean-Marc, and De Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel
- Subjects
Épidémiologie ,Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift ,Virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift ,Animal sauvage ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Transmission des maladies - Published
- 2009
44. L'appréciation du risque en santé animale
- Author
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Olive, Marie-Marie
- Subjects
L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,L73 - Maladies des animaux - Abstract
Dans un contexte d'émergence de certaines maladies animales l'analyse de risque trouve toute son utilité. En effet, en épidémiologie c'est un outil de compréhension des risques. Cette méthode a pour but de modéliser le risque et aide ainsi à la compréhension des mécanismes aboutissant à l'apparition du risque. En santé animale, ce risque peut être l'introduction, la dissémination ou la transmission d'une maladie. Pour les gestionnaires des risques l'analyse de risque est un outil d'aide à la décision. L'analyse de risque est constituée de plusieurs étapes : l'identification du danger, l'appréciation du risque, la gestion du risque et la communication du risque. C'est lors de l'étape d'appréciation du risque que le risque est modélisé. Elle consiste à décrire et traduire en probabilité le risque. Cette probabilité peut être déterminée soit qualitativement soit quantitativement. Le document s'attache a présenté les principes généraux de l'analyse de risque et à rassembler les appréciations du risque faîtes en santé animale. Des études faîtes dans le cadre des importations d'animaux et de produits d'origines animales, des rapports ainsi que des publications scientifiques sont présentées et classées par les questions spécifiques auxquelles chaque étude veut répondre (introduction, transmission ... ). Et ceci dans le but de caractériser les démarches utilisées.
- Published
- 2007
45. Modélisation du risque de dissémination par les échanges commerciaux de maladies aviaires hautement pathogènes en Ethiopie : approche quantitative
- Author
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Olive, Marie-Marie
- Subjects
E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution ,L73 - Maladies des animaux - Abstract
La stucture d'un premier modèle d'analyse quantitative sur les risques de dissémination de la maladie de la maladie de Newcastle par le commerce de la volaille en Ethiopie a été posée. Les données ont été générées par des enquêtes de terrain sur les marchés, dans les élevages villageois et dans trois des fermes gouvernementales du pays. Elles ont été complétées par des entretiens directs auprès des agents des services publics du pays. L'étude a consisté dans un premier temps, à la description du commerce de la volaille depuis les marchés situés sur la route de la Vallée du Rift jusqu'à Addis-Abeba. Les acteurs impliqués dans ce commerce ont été identifiés et classés en différents groupes. Des données quantitatives ont pu être récoltées et des flux d'approvisionnement des marchés ont été calculés. Dans un second temps la description du système de distribution des volailles exotiques depuis des centres de multiplication et d'élevage gouvernementaux a été faite. Des données quantitatives sur le nombre de volailles distribuées ont été générées pour l'année 1999 du calendrier éthiopien (2006 - 2007). L'appréciation quantitative s'est attachée à estimer le risque d'introduction d'au moins un poulet infecté par la maladie de Newcastle à partir de producteurs villageois dans un marché rural. Cette appréciation révèle que dans les conditions actuelles de vaccination en Ethiopie, ce risque est très élevé. En effet, la moyenne du risque d'introduction est de 70% avec un intervalle de confiance à 95% de [0,25 ; 1]. Différents taux de vaccination ont par la suite été testés. Cette étude est la première étape d'un projet de recherche de 3 ans dont l'un des objectifs est de créer des modèles d'analyse de risque d'émergence et de dissémination de la maladie de Newcastle en Ethiopie. Ces modèles pourront être extrapolés par la suite à la diffusion de la grippe aviaire.
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- 2007
46. Detection of Bartonella quintana in African Body and Head Lice
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Sangaré, Abdoul Karim, primary, Socolovschi, Cristina, additional, Olive, Marie-Marie, additional, Doumbo, Ogobara K., additional, Drali, Rezak, additional, Rogier, Christophe, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Boutellis, Amina, additional, Diatta, Georges, additional, and Barker, Stephen C., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Evidence for Circulation of the Rift Valley Fever Virus among Livestock in the Union of Comoros
- Author
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Roger, Matthieu, primary, Beral, Marina, additional, Licciardi, Séverine, additional, Soulé, Miradje, additional, Faharoudine, Abdourahime, additional, Foray, Coralie, additional, Olive, Marie-Marie, additional, Maquart, Marianne, additional, Soulaimane, Abdouroihamane, additional, Madi Kassim, Ahmed, additional, Cêtre-Sossah, Catherine, additional, and Cardinale, Eric, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Anjozorobe Hantavirus, a New Genetic Variant of Thailand Virus Detected in Rodents from Madagascar
- Author
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Reynes, Jean-Marc, primary, Razafindralambo, Nadia Kaloina, additional, Lacoste, Vincent, additional, Olive, Marie-Marie, additional, Barivelo, Tony Andrianaivo, additional, Soarimalala, Voahangy, additional, Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional, and Lavergne, Anne, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The impact of wildlife in the epidemiology of RVF
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Caron, Alexandre, De Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel, Goodman, S., Olive, Marie-Marie, Reynes, Jean-Marc, Chevalier, Véronique, Caron, Alexandre, De Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel, Goodman, S., Olive, Marie-Marie, Reynes, Jean-Marc, and Chevalier, Véronique
- Published
- 2009
50. Qualitative risk assessment of the introduction of H5N1 virus in Ethiopia by the commercial trades
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Olive, Marie-Marie, Goutard, Flavie, Demissie, A., Yigezu, Laike M., Jobre, Yilma, Roger, François, Olive, Marie-Marie, Goutard, Flavie, Demissie, A., Yigezu, Laike M., Jobre, Yilma, and Roger, François
- Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Sudan, Djibouti and Egypt, have placed Ethiopia at risk of experiencing an outbreak. In May 2006, a qualitative risk assessment was carried out in order to evaluate the risk of introduction and dissemination of the H5N1 virus thought trade in Ethiopia. Data were collected via field mission and interview of experts. Risk assessment process was split in three steps: release, exposure and consequence assessment. The release assessment estimates the likelihood of the virus to be introduced by importation of day-old chick: two export countries Egypt and United Kingdom have confirmed H5N1 infection in poultry farms so the probability of introduction through legal importation from these countries was estimated. Although Sudan and Djibouti experienced outbreaks of H5N1, the probability of introduction by trade across borders was evaluated. The exposure assessment identifies possible pathways leading to exposure of poultry: live birds markets, backyard production, multiplication centre and commercial farms. Consequence assessment estimates the spread of virus, the mortality, the economic effects on markets and the food safety impact. Risk estimation is assessed as null to negligible but it appears clearly that backyard production constitutes the more important risk.
- Published
- 2007
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