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12. Modelling the interannual variability of Maipo and Rapel river plumes off central Chile.

Author

Salcedo-Castro, Julio, Olita, Antonio, Saavedra, Freddy, Castillo, Manuel, Saldías, Gonzalo S., and Cruz-Gómez, Raúl

Subjects
REGIONS of freshwater influence, OCEAN dynamics, FISHERY resources, COMMUNITIES, STREAMFLOW
Abstract

River plumes have a direct influence on coastal environments, impacting coastal planktonic and benthic communities, including fishery resources. In general, the main drivers of river plume dynamics are the river discharge and the alongshore wind stress, whereas the tides and topography play a secondary role. In the Central parto of Chile, rivers flowing into the eastern Pacific have a relatively short path on the land, with a high slope; further they are characterized by a mixed snow-rain regime. This study aims to understand the interannual variability of the plumes of the Maipo and Rapel rivers in the Coastal/shelf area off Chile and its influence on local ocean dynamics. We used the Coastal and Regional Ocean Community model (CROCO), with 1 km resolution and 20 sigma levels, to simulate the ocean dynamics of the area over the period 2003–2011. The results show that the plume's area coverage and coastal ocean salinity are strongly correlated to the river discharges. The predominant southwestern wind controls the plumes orientation toward northwest; however, episodes of wind changing direction from northwest in winter can reverse the plumes direction, making them squeezed to the coast and moving southward. Results also show, for the decade under evaluation, a salification trend linked to the severe droughts hitting Central Chile during the studied period. This salification determines a change in local dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Effects of oceanic mesoscale and submesoscale frontal processes on the vertical transport of phytoplankton

Author

Ruiz, Simon, Claret, Mariona, Pascual, Ananda, Olita, Antonio, Troupin, Charles, Capet, Arthur, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Poulain, Pierre Marie, Tintoré, Joaquín, Mahadevan, Amala, Ruiz, Simon, Claret, Mariona, Pascual, Ananda, Olita, Antonio, Troupin, Charles, Capet, Arthur, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Poulain, Pierre Marie, Tintoré, Joaquín, and Mahadevan, Amala

Abstract

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 124(8), (2019): 5999-6014, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015034., Oceanic fronts are dynamically active regions of the global ocean that support upwelling and downwelling with significant implications for phytoplankton production and export. However (on time scales urn:x-wiley:jgrc:media:jgrc23568:jgrc23568-math-0001 the inertial time scale), the vertical velocity is 103–104 times weaker than the horizontal velocity and is difficult to observe directly. Using intensive field observations in conjunction with a process study ocean model, we examine vertical motion and its effect on phytoplankton fluxes at multiple spatial horizontal scales in an oligotrophic region in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The mesoscale ageostrophic vertical velocity (∼10 m/day) inferred from our observations shapes the large‐scale phytoplankton distribution but does not explain the narrow (1–10 km wide) features of high chlorophyll content extending 40–60 m downward from the deep chlorophyll maximum. Using modeling, we show that downwelling submesoscale features concentrate 80% of the downward vertical flux of phytoplankton within just 15% of the horizontal area. These submesoscale spatial structures serve as conduits between the surface mixed layer and pycnocline and can contribute to exporting carbon from the sunlit surface layers to the ocean interior., The AlborEx experiment was conducted in the framework of PERSEUS EU‐funded project (Grant 287600) and was led by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and involved other national and international partners: Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB, Spain); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR, Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italy); and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, ONR Grant N00014‐16‐1‐3130). Glider operations were partially funded by JERICO FP7 project. Part of this work has been carried out as part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) MedSUB project. CMEMS is implemented by Mercator Ocean in the framework of a delegation agreement with the European Union. S. R. and A. P. acknowledge support from WHOI Subcontract A101339. Data available from authors: Ship CTDs, glider and VM‐ADCP data files are available in the SOCIB data catalog (https://doi.org/10.25704/z5y2-qpye); model data are available at IMEDEA data catalog https://ide.imedea.uib-csic.es/thredds/catalog/data/projects/alborex/catalog.html. We thank all the crew and participants on board R/V SOCIB for their collaboration and Marc Torner and the SOCIB glider Facility for their efficient cooperation. We also thank B. Mourre for numerical data from the Western Mediterranean Operational Model to initialize the Process Study Ocean Model. Figures were created using the cmocean colormaps package (Thyng et al., 2016).

Published
2020

17. Multi-scale observations of deep convection in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea during winter 2012-2013 using multiple platforms

Author

Testor, Pierre, Bosse, Anthony, Houpert, Loïc, Margirier, Félix, Mortier, Laurent, Legoff, Hervé, Dausse, Denis, Labaste, Matthieu, Karstensen, Johannes, Hayes, Daniel, Olita, Antonio, Ribotti, Alberto, Schroeder, Katrin, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Onken, Reiner, Heslop, Emma, Mourre, Baptiste, D'ortenzio, Fabrizio, Mayot, Nicolas, Lavigne, Héloise, de Fommervault, Orens, Coppola, Laurent, Prieur, Louis, Taillandier, Vincent, Durrieu de Madron, Xavier, Bourrin, Francois, Many, Gael, Damien, Pierre, Estournel, Claude, Marsaleix, Patrick, Taupier-Letage, Isabelle, Raimbault, Patrick, Waldman, Robin, Bouin, Marie Noelle, Giordani, Hervé, Caniaux, Guy, Somot, Samuel, Ducrocq, Véronique, Conan, Pascal, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Développement Instrumental et Techniques Marines (DITM), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Cyprus Oceanography Center, University of Cyprus (UCY), CNR Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), SOCIB Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bio-Argo project (CNES-TOSCA), COST Action ES0904 ‘‘EGO’’ (Everyone’s Gliding Observatories), MISTRALS, ANR-12-BS06-0003,ASICS-MED,Couplage Océan-Atmosphère en présence de structures de Submésoéchelle(2012), ANR-10-EQPX-0040,NAOS,Observations de l'océan global pour l'étude et la prévision de l'océan et du climat: préparation de la nouvelle décennie d'Argo(2010), European Project: 284321,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1,GROOM(2011), European Project: 287600,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-OCEAN-2011,PERSEUS(2012), European Project: 262584,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,JERICO(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ocean observations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, oceanic deep convection, ocean observation, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Symmetric instability, Deep convection, Mediterranean sea, symmetric instability, Geochemistry and Petrology, plumes, Mediterranean Sea, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Argo, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, energy and buoyancy fluxes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Plumes, Ocean observation, Mooring, Energy and buoyancy fluxes, Geophysics, Oceanic deep convection, Eddy, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Thermohaline circulation, eddies, Bloom, Eddies, Geology
Abstract

International audience; During winter 2012–2013, open‐ocean deep convection which is a major driver for the thermohaline circulation and ventilation of the ocean, occurred in the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) and has been thoroughly documented thanks in particular to the deployment of several gliders, Argo profiling floats, several dedicated ship cruises, and a mooring array during a period of about a year. Thanks to these intense observational efforts, we show that deep convection reached the bottom in winter early in February 2013 in a area of maximum 28 ± 3 109 m2. We present new quantitative results with estimates of heat and salt content at the subbasin scale at different time scales (on the seasonal scale to a 10 days basis) through optimal interpolation techniques, and robust estimates of the deep water formation rate of 2.0 ± 0.2 Sv. We provide an overview of the spatiotemporal coverage that has been reached throughout the seasons this year and we highlight some results based on data analysis and numerical modeling that are presented in this special issue. They concern key circulation features for the deep convection and the subsequent bloom such as Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs), the plumes, and symmetric instability at the edge of the deep convection area.

Published
2018
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19. Marine and Coastal Hazard Assessment for Three Coastal Oil Rigs

Author

Olita, Antonio, primary, Fazioli, Leopoldo, additional, Tedesco, Costanza, additional, Simeone, Simone, additional, Cucco, Andrea, additional, Quattrocchi, Giovanni, additional, Ribotti, Alberto, additional, Perilli, Angelo, additional, Pessini, Federica, additional, and Sorgente, Roberto, additional

Published
2019
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20. A multiplatform experiment to unravel meso- and submesoscale processes in an intense front (AlborEx).

Author

Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simon, Olita, Antonio, Troupin, Charles, Claret, Mariona, Casas, Benjamin, Mourre, Baptiste, Poulain, Pierre Marie, Tovar-Sanchez, Antonio, Capet, Arthur, Mason, Evan, Allen, John T., Mahadevan, Amala, Tintoré, Joaquín, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simon, Olita, Antonio, Troupin, Charles, Claret, Mariona, Casas, Benjamin, Mourre, Baptiste, Poulain, Pierre Marie, Tovar-Sanchez, Antonio, Capet, Arthur, Mason, Evan, Allen, John T., Mahadevan, Amala, and Tintoré, Joaquín

Abstract

© The Authors, 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pascual, A., Ruiz, S., Olita, A., Troupin, C., Claret, M., Casas, B., Mourre, B., Poulain, P. M., Tovar-Sanchez, A., Capet, A., Mason, E., Allen, J. T., Mahadevan, A., & Tintore, J. A multiplatform experiment to unravel meso- and submesoscale processes in an intense front (AlborEx). Frontiers in Marine Science, 4(39), (2017), doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00039., The challenges associated with meso- and submesoscale variability (between 1 and 100 km) require high-resolution observations and integrated approaches. Here we describe a major oceanographic experiment designed to capture the intense but transient vertical motions in an area characterized by strong fronts. Finescale processes were studied in the eastern Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) about 400 km east of the Strait of Gibraltar, a relatively sparsely sampled area. In-situ systems were coordinated with satellite data and numerical simulations to provide a full description of the physical and biogeochemical variability. Hydrographic data confirmed the presence of an intense salinity front formed by the confluence of Atlantic Waters, entering from Gibraltar, with the local Mediterranean waters. The drifters coherently followed the northeastern limb of an anticyclonic gyre. Near real time data from acoustic current meter data profiler showed consistent patterns with currents of up to 1 m/s in the southern part of the sampled domain. High-resolution glider data revealed submesoscale structures with tongues of chlorophyll-a and oxygen associated with the frontal zone. Numerical results show large vertical excursions of tracers that could explain the subducted tongues and filaments captured by ocean gliders. A unique aspect of AlborEx is the combination of high-resolution synoptic measurements of vessel-based measurements, autonomous sampling, remote sensing and modeling, enabling the evaluation of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed distributions and biogeochemical patchiness. The main findings point to the importance of fine-scale processes enhancing the vertical exchanges between the upper ocean and the ocean interior., The AlborEx experiment was conducted in the framework of PERSEUS EU-funded project (Grant agreement no: 287600). The experiment was led by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) institution with strong involvement and cooperation from other national and international partners: Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB, Spain); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR, Italy), McGill University (Canada); Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italy) and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, USA). Glider operations were partially funded by JERICO FP7 project. AP acknowledges support from the Spanish National Research Program (E-MOTION/CTM2012-31014 and PRE-SWOT/CTM2016-78607-P). SR and AP are also supported by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) MedSUB project. EM is supported by a post-doctoral grant from the Conselleria d'Educació, Cultura i Universitats del Govern de les Illes Balears (Mallorca, Spain) and the European Social Fund. AC is a FNRS researcher under the FNRS BENTHOX project (Convention T.1009.15). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by CMEMS. The profiling floats and some drifters were contributed by the Argo-Italy program. The authors are in debt with A. Massanet, F. Margirier, M. Palmer, C. Castilla, P. Balaguer and for their efficient work and implication during the AlborEx cruise. We also thank M. Menna, G. Notarstefano and A. Bussani for their help with the drifter and float data processing and the production of some figures. This article was initiated during a research visit of the first two authors to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Published
2019

21. The AlborEX dataset: Sampling of sub-mesoscale features in the Alboran Aea

Author

Troupin, Charles, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simon, Olita, Antonio, Casas, Benjamin, Margirier, Félix, Poulain, Pierre Marie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Torner, Marc, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Rújula, Miquel Àngel, Muñoz, Cristian, Alou, Eva, Ruiz, Inmaculada, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Mahadevan, Amala, Tintoré, Joaquín, Troupin, Charles, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simon, Olita, Antonio, Casas, Benjamin, Margirier, Félix, Poulain, Pierre Marie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Torner, Marc, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Rújula, Miquel Àngel, Muñoz, Cristian, Alou, Eva, Ruiz, Inmaculada, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Mahadevan, Amala, and Tintoré, Joaquín

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Copernicus Publications 11(1) (2019): 129-145. doi: 10.5194/essd-11-129-2019., he AlborEX (Alboran Sea Experiment) consisted of a multi-platform, multi-disciplinary experiment carried out in the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean Sea) between 25 and 31 May 2014. The observational component of AlborEx aimed to sample the physical and biogeochemical properties of oceanographic features present along an intense frontal zone, with a particular interest in the vertical motions in its vicinity. To this end, the mission included 1 research vessel (66 profiles), 2 underwater gliders (adding up 552 profiles), 3 profiling floats, and 25 surface drifters. Near real-time ADCP velocities were collected nightly and during the CTD sections. All of the profiling floats acquired temperature and conductivity profiles, while the Provor-bio float also measured oxygen and chlorophyll a concentrations, coloured dissolved organic matter, backscattering at 700nm, downwelling irradiance at 380, 410, and 490nm, as well as photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR). In the context of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale interactions, the AlborEX dataset constitutes a particularly valuable source of information to infer mechanisms, evaluate vertical transport, and establish relationships between the thermal and haline structures and the biogeochemical variable evolution, in a region characterised by strong horizontal gradients provoked by the confluence of Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, thanks to its multi-platform, multi-disciplinary nature. The dataset presented in this paper can be used for the validation of high-resolution numerical models or for data assimilation experiment, thanks to the various scales of processes sampled during the cruise. All the data files that make up the dataset are available in the SOCIB data catalog at https://doi.org/10.25704/z5y2-qpye (Pascual et al., 2018). The nutrient concentrations are available at https://repository.socib.es:8643/repository/entry/show?entryid=07ebf505-bd27-4ae5-aa43-c4d1c85dd500 (last access: 24 December 2018)., We wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and the extensive check of the data files. AlborEx was conducted in the framework of PERSEUS EU-funded project (grant agreement no. 287600). Glider operations were partially funded by the JERICO FP7 project. Ananda Pascual acknowledges support from the Spanish National Research Program (E-MOTION/CTM2012-31014 and PRE-SWOT/CTM2016-78607-P). Simon Ruiz and Ananda Pascual are also supported by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) MedSUB project. Antonio Olita was supported by the JERICO-TNA program, through the FRIPP (FRontal Dynamics Influencing Primary Production) project. The profiling floats and some drifters were contributed by the Argo-Italy program. The proceedings of such an ambitious mission would not have been possible without the involvement of numerous staff both at sea and on land: Ana Massanet, Margarita Palmer, Irene Lizaran, Carlos Castilla, Pau Balaguer, Milena Menna, Kristian Sebastián, Sebastián Lora, and Antonio Bussani.

Published
2019

22. Effects of oceanic mesoscale and submesoscale frontal processes on the vertical transport of phytoplankton

Author

European Commission, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Ruiz, Simón, Claret, Mariona, Pascual, Ananda, Olita, Antonio, Troupin, Charles, Capet, Arthur, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Tintoré, Joaquín, Mahadevan, Amala, European Commission, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Ruiz, Simón, Claret, Mariona, Pascual, Ananda, Olita, Antonio, Troupin, Charles, Capet, Arthur, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Tintoré, Joaquín, and Mahadevan, Amala

Abstract

Oceanic fronts are dynamically active regions of the global ocean that support upwelling and downwelling with significant implications for phytoplankton production and export. However (on time scales (Formula presented.) the inertial time scale), the vertical velocity is 10–10 times weaker than the horizontal velocity and is difficult to observe directly. Using intensive field observations in conjunction with a process study ocean model, we examine vertical motion and its effect on phytoplankton fluxes at multiple spatial horizontal scales in an oligotrophic region in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The mesoscale ageostrophic vertical velocity (∼10 m/day) inferred from our observations shapes the large-scale phytoplankton distribution but does not explain the narrow (1–10 km wide) features of high chlorophyll content extending 40–60 m downward from the deep chlorophyll maximum. Using modeling, we show that downwelling submesoscale features concentrate 80% of the downward vertical flux of phytoplankton within just 15% of the horizontal area. These submesoscale spatial structures serve as conduits between the surface mixed layer and pycnocline and can contribute to exporting carbon from the sunlit surface layers to the ocean interior.

Published
2019

23. The AlborEX dataset: Sampling of sub-mesoscale features in the Alboran Sea

Author

European Commission, Troupin, Charles, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simón, Olita, Antonio, Casas, Benjamín, Margirier, Félix, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Torner, Marc, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Àngel Rújula, Miquel, Muñoz, Cristian, Alou-Font, Eva, Ruiz, Inmaculada, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Mahadevan, Amala, Tintoré, Joaquín, European Commission, Troupin, Charles, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simón, Olita, Antonio, Casas, Benjamín, Margirier, Félix, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Torner, Marc, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Àngel Rújula, Miquel, Muñoz, Cristian, Alou-Font, Eva, Ruiz, Inmaculada, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Mahadevan, Amala, and Tintoré, Joaquín

Abstract

The AlborEX (Alboran Sea Experiment) consisted of a multi-platform, multi-disciplinary experiment carried out in the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean Sea) between 25 and 31 May 2014. The observational component of AlborEx aimed to sample the physical and biogeochemical properties of oceanographic features present along an intense frontal zone, with a particular interest in the vertical motions in its vicinity. To this end, the mission included 1 research vessel (66 profiles), 2 underwater gliders (adding up 552 profiles), 3 profiling floats, and 25 surface drifters. Near real-time ADCP velocities were collected nightly and during the CTD sections. All of the profiling floats acquired temperature and conductivity profiles, while the Provor-bio float also measured oxygen and chlorophyll a concentrations, coloured dissolved organic matter, backscattering at 700 nm, downwelling irradiance at 380, 410, and 490 nm, as well as photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR). In the context of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale interactions, the AlborEX dataset constitutes a particularly valuable source of information to infer mechanisms, evaluate vertical transport, and establish relationships between the thermal and haline structures and the biogeochemical variable evolution, in a region characterised by strong horizontal gradients provoked by the confluence of Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, thanks to its multi-platform, multi-disciplinary nature. The dataset presented in this paper can be used for the validation of high-resolution numerical models or for data assimilation experiment, thanks to the various scales of processes sampled during the cruise. All the data files that make up the dataset are available in the SOCIB data catalog at https://doi.org/10.25704/z5y2-qpye (Pascual et al., 2018). The nutrient concentrations are available at https://repository.socib.es:8643/repository/ entry/show?entryid=07ebf505-bd27-4ae5-aa43-c4d1c85dd500 (last access: 24 December 2018).

Published
2019

24. The AlborEX dataset: sampling of sub-mesoscale features in the Alboran Sea

Author

Troupin, Charles, primary, Pascual, Ananda, additional, Ruiz, Simon, additional, Olita, Antonio, additional, Casas, Benjamin, additional, Margirier, Félix, additional, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, additional, Notarstefano, Giulio, additional, Torner, Marc, additional, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, additional, Rújula, Miquel Àngel, additional, Muñoz, Cristian, additional, Alou, Eva, additional, Ruiz, Inmaculada, additional, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, additional, Allen, John T., additional, Mahadevan, Amala, additional, and Tintoré, Joaquín, additional

Published
2019
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25. An Operational Marine Oil Spill Forecasting Tool for the Management of Emergencies in the Italian Seas

Author

Ribotti, Alberto, primary, Antognarelli, Fabio, additional, Cucco, Andrea, additional, Falcieri, Marcello, additional, Fazioli, Leopoldo, additional, Ferrarin, Christian, additional, Olita, Antonio, additional, Oliva, Gennaro, additional, Pes, Andrea, additional, Quattrocchi, Giovanni, additional, Satta, Andrea, additional, Simeone, Simone, additional, Tedesco, Costanza, additional, Umgiesser, Georg, additional, and Sorgente, Roberto, additional

Published
2018
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26. The AlborEX dataset: sampling of submesoscale features in the Alboran Sea

Author

Troupin, Charles, primary, Pascual, Ananda, additional, Ruiz, Simón, additional, Olita, Antonio, additional, Casas, Benjamín, additional, Margirier, Félix, additional, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, additional, Notarstefano, Giulio, additional, Torner, Marc, additional, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, additional, Rújula, Miquel Àngel, additional, Muñoz, Cristian, additional, Allen, John T., additional, Mahadevan, Amala, additional, and Tintoré, Joaquín, additional

Published
2018
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28. Multiscale Observations of Deep Convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea During Winter 2012-2013 Using Multiple Platforms

Author

Testor, Pierre, primary, Bosse, Anthony, additional, Houpert, Loïc, additional, Margirier, Félix, additional, Mortier, Laurent, additional, Legoff, Hervé, additional, Dausse, Denis, additional, Labaste, Matthieu, additional, Karstensen, Johannes, additional, Hayes, Daniel, additional, Olita, Antonio, additional, Ribotti, Alberto, additional, Schroeder, Katrin, additional, Chiggiato, Jacopo, additional, Onken, Reiner, additional, Heslop, Emma, additional, Mourre, Baptiste, additional, D'ortenzio, Fabrizio, additional, Mayot, Nicolas, additional, Lavigne, Héloise, additional, de Fommervault, Orens, additional, Coppola, Laurent, additional, Prieur, Louis, additional, Taillandier, Vincent, additional, Durrieu de Madron, Xavier, additional, Bourrin, Francois, additional, Many, Gael, additional, Damien, Pierre, additional, Estournel, Claude, additional, Marsaleix, Patrick, additional, Taupier-Letage, Isabelle, additional, Raimbault, Patrick, additional, Waldman, Robin, additional, Bouin, Marie-Noelle, additional, Giordani, Hervé, additional, Caniaux, Guy, additional, Somot, Samuel, additional, Ducrocq, Véronique, additional, and Conan, Pascal, additional

Published
2018
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29. Multiscale observations of deep convection in the northwestern mediterranean sea during winter 2012-2013 using multiple platforms

Author

Testor, Pierre, Bosse, Anthony, Houpert, Loïc, Margirier, Félix, Mortier, Laurent, Legoff, Hervé, Dausse, Denis, Labaste, Matthieu, Karstensen, Johannes, Hayes, Daniel, Olita, Antonio, Ribotti, Alberto, Schroeder, Katrin, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Onken, Reiner, Heslop, Emma, Mourre, Baptiste, D'ortenzio, Fabrizio, Mayot, Nicolas, Lavigne, Héloise, de Fommervault, Orens, Coppola, Laurent, Prieur, Louis, Taillandier, Vincent, Durrieu de Madron, Xavier, Bourrin, Francois, Many, Gael, Damien, Pierre, Estournel, Claude, Marsaleix, Patrick, Taupier-Letage, Isabelle, Raimbault, Patrick, Waldman, Robin, Bouin, Marie-Noelle, Giordani, Hervé, Caniaux, Guy, Somot, Samuel, Ducrocq, Véronique, Conan, Pascal, Testor, Pierre, Bosse, Anthony, Houpert, Loïc, Margirier, Félix, Mortier, Laurent, Legoff, Hervé, Dausse, Denis, Labaste, Matthieu, Karstensen, Johannes, Hayes, Daniel, Olita, Antonio, Ribotti, Alberto, Schroeder, Katrin, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Onken, Reiner, Heslop, Emma, Mourre, Baptiste, D'ortenzio, Fabrizio, Mayot, Nicolas, Lavigne, Héloise, de Fommervault, Orens, Coppola, Laurent, Prieur, Louis, Taillandier, Vincent, Durrieu de Madron, Xavier, Bourrin, Francois, Many, Gael, Damien, Pierre, Estournel, Claude, Marsaleix, Patrick, Taupier-Letage, Isabelle, Raimbault, Patrick, Waldman, Robin, Bouin, Marie-Noelle, Giordani, Hervé, Caniaux, Guy, Somot, Samuel, Ducrocq, Véronique, and Conan, Pascal

Abstract

During winter 2012–2013, open‐ocean deep convection which is a major driver for the thermohaline circulation and ventilation of the ocean, occurred in the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) and has been thoroughly documented thanks in particular to the deployment of several gliders, Argo profiling floats, several dedicated ship cruises, and a mooring array during a period of about a year. Thanks to these intense observational efforts, we show that deep convection reached the bottom in winter early in February 2013 in a area of maximum 28 ± 3 . We present new quantitative results with estimates of heat and salt content at the subbasin scale at different time scales (on the seasonal scale to a 10 days basis) through optimal interpolation techniques, and robust estimates of the deep water formation rate of 2.0 . We provide an overview of the spatiotemporal coverage that has been reached throughout the seasons this year and we highlight some results based on data analysis and numerical modeling that are presented in this special issue. They concern key circulation features for the deep convection and the subsequent bloom such as Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs), the plumes, and symmetric instability at the edge of the deep convection area.

Published
2018

30. ALBOREX 2014 - PERSEUS

Author

Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simón, Troupin, Charles, Olita, Antonio, Casas, Benjamín, Margirie, Félix, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Torner, Marc, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Rújula, Miquel Àngel, Muñoz, Cristian, Notario Rubí, Xisco, Ruíz, Inmaculada, Roque, David, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., Tintoré, Joaquín, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simón, Troupin, Charles, Olita, Antonio, Casas, Benjamín, Margirie, Félix, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Torner, Marc, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Rújula, Miquel Àngel, Muñoz, Cristian, Notario Rubí, Xisco, Ruíz, Inmaculada, Roque, David, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Allen, John T., and Tintoré, Joaquín

Published
2018

32. Monitoring water masses properties by Glider in Sardinia Channel during summer 2014

Author

Gana, Slim, Iudicone, Daniele, Ghenim, Leila, Mortier, Laurent, Testor, Pierre, Tintoré, Joaquin, Olita, Antonio, SAROST SA [Tunis, Tunisie], Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EGU, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract

International audience; 1. Summary In the framework of the EC funded project, PERSEUS (WP3, Subtask 3.3.1: Repeated glider sections in key channels and sub-basin) and with the support of JERICO TNA (EU-FP7), a deep water glider (up to 1000m) was deployed from the R/V Tethys in the Sardinia Channel and has carried out 3 return trips during the period spanning from the 16th of August 2014 to the 19th of September 2014. The Gilder was equipped with CTD, O2 sensors, Fluorometers (ChlA), back scattering from 470 to 880 nm and was programmed to follow a path close to SARAL satellite track #887. During this experiment, a significant dataset, as never obtained before for this area, has been collected. The innovation stands in the high spatial resolution, in the temporal repetitivity and in the number of parameters sampled simultaneously. The first step of the work will focuses on the analysis of the hydrological properties of the existing water masses in the area. 2. Frame and aim of the experiment The Sardinia Channel is a zonally oriented passage connecting the Algerian and the Tyrrhenian basins, with a sill depth of about 1900 m. In spite of the considerable amount of work achieved and accurate results obtained about the circulation in the Western Mediterranean Sea, during the last 20 years, the Sardinia Channel is still one of the region where the dynamical processes and water exchanges are not clearly identified. Previous studies (Garzoli S. and C. Maillard, 1979, and Ozturgut Erdogan, 1975) pointed out the complexity of the processes in the region and the role of the bottom topography in sustaining them, and provided a first estimation of the involved fluxes. The main knowledge about the water masses crossing this region mostly concerns the AW (Atlantic Water) and the LIW (Levantine Intermediate Water). Along the Algerian coast, the AW is transported mainly by the Algerian current (AC Millot, 1985) from which the anticyclonic Algerian eddies (AEs, Puillat et al., 2002; Taupier-Letage et al., 2003), often involving surface and intermediate waters, are generated by baroclinic instabilities of the AC itself. The AEs generally remain more or less included in the main AC flow. The AEs alongslope-downstream propagation usually ends in the Channel of Sardinia, where AEs dramatically interact with the bathymetry and can remain almost blocked in the Sardinia Channel area for several months before collapsing (Puillat et al., 2002). In order to clarify some of these processes, including the behavior of the Algerian current and associated eddies, our methodology is based on a combined approach using glider observations and sea surface features observed by satellite. By autonomously collecting high-quality observations in three dimensions, gliders allow high-resolution oceanographic monitoring and provide useful contributions for the understanding of mesoscale dynamics and multidisciplinary interactions (e.g., Hodges and Fratantoni, 2009). On top of that, the glider route follows the ground track of the satellite SARAL, equipped with a Ka band altimeter (AltiKa), with the view to implement a methodology of analysis as performed by Bouffard et al. (2010). The main objectives of the project are : • identification of the physical properties of the surface and intermediate water masses between Northern Tunisian Coast and Sardinia and evaluation of the transport of water, salt and heat through the area • study of the variability of the physical properties of surface and intermediate water masses through the use of in-situ and satellite data. • understanding exchanges through sub-basins and the complex interactions through eddies • validation of the operational hydrodynamic numerical model of the western Mediterranean (http://www.seaforecast.cnr.it/en/fl/wmed.php) through the use of in-situ and satellite data. 3. Preliminary results of the experiment The glider carried out 6 legs during the period spanning from the 16th of August 2014 to the 19th of September 2014: Leg#1 (16 to 23 August 2014), Leg#2 (23 to 28 August 2014), Leg#3 (28 Aug. to 03 Sept. 2014) Leg#4 (03 to 08 Sept. 2014), Leg#5 (08 to 13 Sept. 2014), Leg#6 (13 to 19 Sept. 2014). As mentioned above, the first aim of this work is to analyze the hydrological properties of the surface and intermediate water masses and their variability, focusing first on T/S properties. The comparison of the successive T/S diagrams and T/S hydrological sections allows us to quantify the intensity of temporal variability and to assess mixing processes occurring within and between water masses. The core of LIW is clearly observed with S>38.7 psu (T~13.75 °C, S~38.75 psu) at depths between 250m and 450m and the spreading of this water mass appears clearly from one leg to the other. According Astraldi et al. (2002), this water mass is coming from the strait of Sicily and outflows into the Algero-Provencal Basin. This water mass should not be confounded with the so-called 'old' LIW, that recirculates to reenter the lower intermediate layer of the area from west to east. Near the surface, lenses of fresh water are observed at about 50m depth, all along the section, with a typical radius of 20 km. These lenses are generated by the meandering of the Algerian Current, which is advecting MAW first eastward along the Algerian slope, and then, at the vicinity of the Channel of Sardinia, a few lenses (AEs according Puillat et al., 2002) detach from the Algerian slope and propagate along the Sardinian one. We will show that the signature of these lenses are also detected by satellite, both in the altimetric signal and in the sea color radiometric data. 4. References • Astraldi, M., Conversano, F., Civitarese, G., Gasparini, G. P., Ribera d'Alcalà, M., and Vetrano, A.,: Water mass properties and chemical signatures in the central Mediterranean region, J. Mar. Syst., 33-34, 155-177, 2002 • Bouffard, J., A. Pascual, S. Ruiz, Y. Faugère, and J. Tintoré (2010), Coastal and mesoscale dynamics characterization using altimetry and gliders: A case study in the Balearic Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C10029, doi:10.1029/2009JC006087. • Garzoli S. and C. Maillard, Winter circulation in the Sicily and Sardinia straits region. Deep-Sea Research, vol. 26A, 933-954, 1979. • Hodges, B. A. and D. M. Fratantoni, 2009. A thin layer of phytoplankton observed in the Philippine Sea with a synthetic moored array of autonomous gliders. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 114, doi:10.1029/2009JC005294. • Millot, C. (1987a) Circulation in the Western Mediterranean. Oceanologica Acta 10(2), 143-149. • Ozturgut Erdogan, Temporal and spatial variability of water masses: the Strait of Sicily (Medmiloc 72). Saclantcen SM-65, pp 26, 1975. • Puillat I., I. Taupier-Letage, C. Millot, 2002: Algerian Eddies lifetime can near 3 years - Journal of Marine Systems 31, 245- 259 • Ruiz S., Pascual A., Garau B., Pujol I., Tintoré J. 2009. Vertical motion in the upper ocean from glider and altimetry data, Geophys. Res. Lett. 36(14): L14607. • Taupier-Letage et al, J.Geophys.Res., 108, 3245, 2003. • Testor P., K. Béranger and L. Mortier (2005). Modeling the deep eddy field in the southwestern Mediterranean: the life cycle of Sardinian Eddies. In Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 32(13):13602.

Published
2016

33. SeaConditions: a web and mobile service for safer professional and recreational activities in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Coppini, Giovanni, primary, Marra, Palmalisa, additional, Lecci, Rita, additional, Pinardi, Nadia, additional, Cretì, Sergio, additional, Scalas, Mario, additional, Tedesco, Luca, additional, D'Anca, Alessandro, additional, Fazioli, Leopoldo, additional, Olita, Antonio, additional, Turrisi, Giuseppe, additional, Palazzo, Cosimo, additional, Aloisio, Giovanni, additional, Fiore, Sandro, additional, Bonaduce, Antonio, additional, Kumkar, Yogesh Vittal, additional, Ciliberti, Stefania Angela, additional, Federico, Ivan, additional, Mannarini, Gianandrea, additional, Agostini, Paola, additional, Bonarelli, Roberto, additional, Martinelli, Sara, additional, Verri, Giorgia, additional, Lusito, Letizia, additional, Rollo, Davide, additional, Cavallo, Arturo, additional, Tumolo, Antonio, additional, Monacizzo, Tony, additional, Spagnulo, Marco, additional, Sorgente, Rorberto, additional, Cucco, Andrea, additional, Quattrocchi, Giovanni, additional, Tonani, Marina, additional, Drudi, Massimiliano, additional, Nassisi, Paola, additional, Conte, Laura, additional, Panzera, Laura, additional, Navarra, Antonio, additional, and Negro, Giancarlo, additional

Published
2017
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34. A Multiplatform Experiment to Unravel Meso- and Submesoscale Processes in an Intense Front (AlborEx)

Author

Pascual, Ananda, primary, Ruiz, Simon, additional, Olita, Antonio, additional, Troupin, Charles, additional, Claret, Mariona, additional, Casas, Benjamin, additional, Mourre, Baptiste, additional, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, additional, Tovar-Sanchez, Antonio, additional, Capet, Arthur, additional, Mason, Evan, additional, Allen, John T., additional, Mahadevan, Amala, additional, and Tintoré, Joaquín, additional

Published
2017
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35. Monitoring of Water Masses Properties in the Channel of Sardinia by Glider and Satellites Observations

Author

Gana, Slim, Iudicone, Daniele, Ghenim, Leila, Mortier, Laurent, Testor, Pierre, Olita, Antonio, Buongiono-Nardelli, Bruno, Tintoré, Joaquín, SAROST SA [Tunis, Tunisie], Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract

Edited by L. Ouwehand. ESA SP-734, ISBN 978-92-9221-298-8., p.83; International audience; In the framework of the EC funded project, PERSEUS (Subtask 3.3.1: Repeated glider sections in key channels and sub-basin) and with the support of JERICO TNA (EU-FP7), a deep water glider (up to 1000m) was deployed from the R/V Tethys in the Sardinia Channel and has carried out 3 return trips during the period from the 16th of August 2014 to the 19th of September 2014. The Gilder was programmed to follow a path close to SARAL satellite track #887. In this paper, after an overview of the hydrological properties of the water masses in the area highlighted by the glider data, we are focusing on a joint analysis of in-situ and satellite data to understand the behavior of a cyclonic eddy observed in the area.

Published
2015

36. A multiplatform experiment to unravel meso- and submesoscaleprocesses in an intense front (AlborEx)

Author

Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simón, Olita, Antonio, Troupin, Charles, Claret, Mariona, Casas, Benjamín, Mourre, Baptiste, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Capet, Arthur, Mason, Evan, Allen, John T., Mahadevan, Amala, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simón, Olita, Antonio, Troupin, Charles, Claret, Mariona, Casas, Benjamín, Mourre, Baptiste, Sánchez-Román, Antonio, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Capet, Arthur, Mason, Evan, Allen, John T., and Mahadevan, Amala

Published
2017

37. ALBOREX: an intensive multi-platform and multidisciplinary experiment in the Alboran Sea. Marine Environmental Monitoring, Modelling And Prediction

Author

Ruiz, Simón, Pascual, Ananda, Allen, John T., Olita, Antonio, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Mahadevan, Amala, Claret, Mariona, Troupin, Charles, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Oguz, Temel, and Tintoré, Joaquín

Abstract

Trabajo presentado en el International Liège Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, celebrado en Liege, Bélgica, del 23 al 27 de mayo de 2015

Published
2015

41. Multi-scale and Multi-­Platform Analysis of Deep Convection Processes in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Author

Testor, Pierre, Bosse, Anthony, Mortier, Laurent, Cauchy, Pierre, D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio, Lavigne, Héloïse, Pasqueron De Fommervault, Orens, Taillandier, Vincent, Prieur, Louis, Coppola, Laurent, Estournel, Claude, Durrieu de Madron, Xavier, Houpert, Loïc, Béguery, Laurent, Benabdelmoumene, H., Godhino, E., Bernardet, Karim, Giordani, Hervé, Caniaux, Guy, Somot, Samuel, Bouin, Marie-Noëlle, Conan, Pascal, Alvarez, A., Onken, Reiner, Cecchi, D., Garau, Bartolomé, Olita, Antonio, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Tintoré, Joaquín, Ruiz, Simón, Tomas, M., Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

42. The AlborEX dataset: sampling of submesoscale features in the Alboran Sea.

Author

Troupin, Charles, Pascual, Ananda, Ruiz, Simón, Olita, Antonio, Casas, Benjamín, Margirier, Félix, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Torner, Marc, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Rújula, Miquen Àngel, Muñoz, Cristian, Allen, John T., Mahadevan, Amala, and Tintoré, Joaquín

Subjects
BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles, MESOSCALE convective complexes
Abstract

AlborEX (Alboran Sea Experiment) consisted of a multi-platform, multi-disciplinary experiment carried out in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean Sea) between May 25 and 31, 2014. The observational component of AlborEx aimed to sample the physical and biogeochemical properties of oceanographic features present along an intense frontal zone, with a particular interest in the vertical motions in its vicinity. To this end, the mission included 1 research vessel (66 profiles), 2 underwater gliders (adding up 554 profiles), 3 profiling floats and 25 surface drifters. Near real-time ADCP velocities were collected nightly and during the CTD sections. All of the profiling floats acquired temperature and conductivity profiles, while the Provor-bio float also measured oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentrations, colored dissolved organic matter, backscattering at 700 nm, downwelling irradiance at 380, 410, 490 nm, and photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR). In the context of mesoscale and submesoscale interactions, the AlborEX dataset constitutes a particularly valuable source of information to infer mechanisms, evaluate vertical transport and establish relationships between the thermal and haline structures and the biogeochemical variable evolution, in a region characterised by strong horizontal gradients provoked by the confluence of Atlantic and Mediterranean Waters, thanks to its multi-platform, multi-disciplinary nature. The most recent version of the dataset is available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1328238. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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44. Diel behavior from temporally scheduled hauling of the red shrimps Aristeus antennatus and Aristaeomorpha foliacea in the Spartivento Canyon (Southern Sardinia, Italy)

Author

Palmas, F., Aguzzi, Jacopo, Cau, A., Company, Joan B., Deiana, G., Locci, I., Olita, Antonio, Orrù, P., and Sabbatini, Anna

Abstract

The Crustacean Society Summer Meeting (TCSSM) - 10th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea (CCDM), 3-7 June 2012, Athens, Greece, The red shrimp Aristeus antennatus (Risso 1816) and the giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso 1827) are one of the most important and exploited demersal (400-800 m) resources in the Western Mediterranean Sea1. Although their bathymetric distribution has been investigated, information on its variation over the 24-h scale as result of rhythmic nektobenthic displacements on population is scarce2. In this context, we carried out a temporally scheduled hauling within different depths strata in order to characterize the displacement rhythms of both species, in relation to the local topographic and oceanographic conditions

Published
2012

45. SeaConditions: Present and future sea conditions for safer navigation (www.sea-conditions.com)

Author

Lecci, Rita, primary, Coppini, Giovanni, additional, Creti', Sergio, additional, Turrisi, Giuseppe, additional, D'Anca, Alessandro, additional, Palazzo, Cosimo, additional, Aloisio, Giovanni, additional, Fiore, Sandro, additional, Bonaduce, Antonio, additional, Mannarini, Gianandrea, additional, Kumkar, Yogesh, additional, Ciliberti, Stefania Angela, additional, Federico, Ivan, additional, Agostini, Paola, additional, Bonarelli, Roberto, additional, Martinelli, Sara, additional, Marra, Palmalisa, additional, Scalas, Mario, additional, Tedesco, Luca, additional, Rollo, Davide, additional, Cavallo, Arturo, additional, Tumolo, Antonio, additional, Monacizzo, Tony, additional, Spagnulo, Marco, additional, Pinardi, Nadia, additional, Fazioli, Leopoldo, additional, Olita, Antonio, additional, Cucco, Andrea, additional, Sorgente, Roberto, additional, Tonani, Marina, additional, and Drudi, Massimiliano, additional

Published
2015
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46. Sea temperature, salinity and total velocity climatological fields for the South–Central Mediterranean Sea

Author

Drago, Aldo, Sorgente, Roberto, and Olita, Antonio

Subjects
Environmental monitoring -- Mediterranean Region, Ocean temperature -- Mediterranean Region, Oceanography -- Mediterranean Region, Meteorology -- Data processing, Oceanography -- Italy -- Sicily
Abstract

Climatological characteristics of water masses and circulation in the south–central Mediterranean Sea (Straits of Sicily and surrounding areas) have been estimated and compared with previous knowledge by using a model-based approach. The climatological fields have been calculated in the form of monthly and seasonal averages from the output of a numerical model run over a period of five years (4th January 2000 – 27th December 2004). The numerical model is a 3D primitive equation, mesoscale resolving regional ocean model based on POM (Princeton Ocean Model). The support of literature and satellite data proved to be fundamental to correctly interpret model results and vice-versa. Results show distribution of the main water masses comparable to the literature and confirm the hypothesis of a counter phase behaviour for the two main branches of the Algerian Current entering in the Straits of Sicily, the ATC (Atlantic Tunisian Current) stronger in winter and the AIS (Atlantic Ionian Stream) stronger during summer. The model results offer a detailed description in time and space of the hydrological characteristics of this very dynamic part of the Mediterranean and offer a basis for linkages to ecological and biological implications., peer-reviewed

Published
2010

47. Physical-Biological variability and covariability in the Algero-Provençal Basin by means of multisensor satellite and in situ data

Author

Olita, Antonio and Perilli, Angelo

Subjects
Chlorophyll, Primary production, Satellite, Mediterranean Sea, BIO/07, CTD
Abstract

The climate change has been proved to influence marine ecosystems either in their physics and biology. The Mediterranean sea, because of its characteristics, is particularly sensitive to c1imatic changes and more in general to the variability of the physical forcings, as shown by several authors. In this scenario, the study of the relationships between hydrodynamics, phytoplankton distribution and primary production, becomes particularly important in order to better understand the ecological effects of eventual hydrodynamic shifts induced by climate change. The aim of the present thesis is the study of the spatial and temporal variability of the algal biomass and primary production in the Algero-Provençal Basin (Western mediterranean), as well as the study of their relationships with hydrodynamical processes. We approached the problem by analysing several remotely sensed and in situ datasets covering multiple temporal and spatial scales, from meso-scale to basin-scale. The seasonal and interannual variability of the chlorophyll fields has been studied by analyzing the Seawifs monthly dataset, while the AVISO/CLS and the Pathfinder AVHRR datasets have been used to analyze respectively Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over the decade 1997-2007. The main sesonal and interannual patterns of physical and biological fields have been identified through EOF decomposition and wavelet analysis, while the covariability has been studied trough Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The seasonal variability of the algal biomass is composed by two annual cycles, timewise and spacewise shifted. The analysis also showed a significant interannual variability, and the footprint of an anomalous event, the summer 2003 heatwave, has been identified either in physical and biological fields. Significant correlations have been found between physical and biological fields permitting to perform a simple zonation of the domain, as function of the different bio-physical coupling. Three main zones have been therefore identified, north central and south. The central zone shows the lower trophic level and, at the same time, the strongest coupling between SLA and the algal biomass. The primary production (PP) has been estimated, for the same decade, by using a satellite based model. The model makes use of remotely sensed Photosyntetically Available Radiation (PAR), SST and chlorophyll, in order to estimate the PP integrated over the euphotic layer. The basin averaged annual primary production, for the period 1998-2006, is 142 gCrn-2year-1, in good agreement with previous findings, with a pronounced interannual variability and no evident trends. We identified the signature of the 2003 European heatwave, which determined a marked decrease of PP in summer 2003. To better understand the relationships we hypothesized between mesoscale eddies and chlorophyll, a set of hydrological and fluorometric data, collected during two oceanographic cruises, conducted in 2001 and 2002 in the Sardinian Sea (in front of the western Sardinia coast) , has been analysed. The analysis proved that the mesoscale eddies have a dominant role in modulating and redistributing the algal biomass, confirming the assumptions and the hypothesis performed in the basin scale study. The analysis of in situ data shows that the anticyclonic eddies infer in the concentration and distribution of the chlorophyll through several mechanisms, as function of their position (coastal or open-sea), size, relation with the continental shelf and depending on their reciprocal interaction. Vari autori hanno dimostrato come i cambiamenti climatici possano influenzare gli ecosistemi marini sia nella loro parte fisica che biologica. Il Mediterraneo, considerate le sue caratteristiche, è particolarmente sensibile ai cambiamenti climatici e più in generale alla variabilità dei forzanti fisici. In questo scenario, lo studio delle relazioni tra idrodinamica, distribuzione fitoplanctonica e produzione primaria, diventa di particolare importanza per poter meglio comprendere gli effetti ecologici di eventuali mutamenti nei regimi idrodinamici indotti dai cambiamenti climatici. Lo scopo della presente tesi è lo studio della variabilità spaziale e temporale della concentrazione della clorofilla e della produzione primaria nel bacino Algero-Provenzale (Mediterraneo Occidentale) l nonchè lo studio delle loro relazioni con i processi idrodinamici. Il nostro approccio è stato quello di analizzare diversi dataset di misurazioni satellitari (multisensore) ed in situ, che ci hanno permesso di coprire differenti scale spaziali e temporali, dalla scala di bacino alla mesoscala. La variabilità stagionale e interannuale della clorofilla è stata studiata, per il decennio 1997-2007, analizzando il dataset di Clorofilla-a SeaWiFS, mentre per lo studio delle Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) e della Sea Surface Temperature (SST) sono stati utilizzati i dataset AVISO/CLS e Pathfinder AVHRR. I principali cicli stagionali e gli eventi anomali sono stati identificati tramite i metodi EOF e wavelet, mentre la covariabilità è stata studiata tramite Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). La variabilità stagionale della biomassa algale è risultata composta da due cicli annuali separati temporalmente e spazialmente. L'analisi ha anche permesso di indentificare il segnale dell'ondata di calore dell'estate del 2003 sia nei campi fisici che biologici. Sono state trovate significative correlazioni tra i campi fisici e biologici, permettendo di effettuare una semplice zonazione in funzione del differente accoppiamento bio-fisico osservato. Sono state quindi identificate tre zone, settentrionale meridionale e centrale. Quest'ultima si è dimostrata la più oligotrofica ma anche quella dove la covariabilità tra le SLA e la biomassa algale è più forte. La produzione primaria (PP) è stata stimata tramite l'uso di un modello diagnostico basato su dati satellitari. Il modello utilizza dati satellitari di PAR, SST e clorofilla, al fine di stimare la PP integrata sullo strato eufotico. La produzione primaria annuale mediata sul dominio per il periodo 1996-2006 è di 142 gCm-2yeaT-l, in buon accordo con la letteratua, con una pronunciata variabilità interannuale ma senza mostrare trend evidenti. E' stata identificata l'anomalia dovuta all'ondata di calore del 2003, che ha determinato un marcato decremento della PP nell 'estate dello stesso anno. Per meglio comprendere le relazioni ippotizzate tra i vortici a mesoscala e la distribuzione della clorofilla abbiamo analizzato un set di dati idrologici e fluorimetrici, raccolti nel corso di una due campagne oceanografiche condotte tra il 2001 e il 2002 nel Mare di Sardegna. Dall'analisi condotta risultato che i vortici a mesoscala hanno un ruolo predominante nel modulare e redistribuire la biomassa algale, confermando le ipotesi fatte nello studio a larga scala. L'analisi dei dati in situ mostra che i vortici anticiclonici, in questo tratto di mare, influenzano la distribuzione e la concentrazione della biomassa algale tramite differenti meccanismi, in funzione della loro posizione (costieri o di mare aperto), della loro estensione, della interazione con la piattaforma continentale nonchè a seconda della loro reciproca interazione. Dottorato di ricerca in Ecologia e gestione delle risorse biologiche

Published
2009

48. Observations of a phytoplankton spring bloom onset triggered by a density front in NW Mediterranean

Author

European Commission, Olita, Antonio, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Cusí, Simó, Fazioli, Leopoldo, Sorgente, Roberto, Tintoré, Joaquín, Ribotti, Alberto, European Commission, Olita, Antonio, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Cusí, Simó, Fazioli, Leopoldo, Sorgente, Roberto, Tintoré, Joaquín, and Ribotti, Alberto

Abstract

Phytoplankton blooms in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea are seasonal events that mainly occur in a specific area comprising the Gulf of Lion and the Provençal basin, where they are promoted by a general cyclonic circulation, strong wind-driven mixing and subsequent re-stratification of the water column. At the southern boundary of this area, a persistent density front known as the north Balearic front can be found. The front is presumed to cause an early phytoplankton bloom in its vicinity because (a) it enhances the transport of nutrients into the euphotic layer and (b) it promotes the speedy re-stratification of the water column (through frontal instabilities). In February and March 2013, a glider, equipped with a CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth device) and a fluorometer, was deployed on a mission that took it from the Balearic Islands to Sardinia and back. The frontal zone was crossed twice, once during the outbound leg and the once on the return leg. The data provided by the glider clearly showed the onset of a bloom soon after a decrease in wind-driven turbulent convection and mixing. The in situ observations were supported and confirmed by satellite imagery. It is shown that frontal dynamics play a key role in the promotion and acceleration of re-stratification, which is a necessary pre-conditioning factor for the onset of blooms much like other relevant processes such as an enhanced biological pump. Swift re-stratification stimulates new production by inhibiting mixing. Finally, viewing the blooming phenomenon from a regional perspective, it seems that Sverdrup's critical depth model applies in the northern well-mixed area whereas, in the south, front-related re-stratification seems to be the principal cause. © Author(s) 2014.

Published
2014

49. Observations of a phytoplankton spring bloom onset triggered by a density front in NW Mediterranean

Author

European Commission, Olita, Antonio, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Cusí, Simó, Fazioli, Leopoldo, Sorgente, Roberto, Tintoré, Joaquín, Ribotti, Alberto, European Commission, Olita, Antonio, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Cusí, Simó, Fazioli, Leopoldo, Sorgente, Roberto, Tintoré, Joaquín, and Ribotti, Alberto

Abstract

Phytoplankton bloom in NW Mediterranan sea is a seasonal event that mainly occurrs in a limited area (Gulf of Lyon and Provençal basin) where this phenomenon is promoted by a cyclonic circulation, strong wind-driven mixing and subsequent spring restratification. At the southern boundary of this area a density front (North Balearic Front) separating denser waters from the lighter Modified Atlantic Waters reservoir at south is suspected to trigger weaker and earlier (late winter) blooms by (a) enhanced pumping of nutrients into the euphotic layer and (b) promoting an early restratification of the water column (by frontal instabilities). A multisensor glider round trip, equipped with CTD and fluorimeter, crossing the frontal area in February–March 2013, allowed to observe the bloom triggering after the decrease of intense wind-driven turbulent convection and mixing. Satellite imagery supports and confirms in-situ observations. It was shown that frontal activity has a relevant role in the promotion and acceleration of the dynamical restratification, with a consequent biological response in terms of primary production. Restratification is necessary preconditioning factor for bloom triggering in frontal area, net of other involved mechanism promoting the bloom as the enhanced biological pump. So, like for high-latitude fronts (Taylor and Ferrari, 2011a), also for this mid-latitude oligotrophic region front seems to promote new production by dynamically enahnced restratification inhibiting mixing. Finally, we argued that Sverdrup's Critical Depth criterion seems to apply in the northern well-mixed area, where the zeroing of heat fluxes (and related turbulent convection) does not correspond to a prompt onset of the bloom (which appeared 1 month later).

Published
2013

50. Operational evaluation of the Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Centre products: Implementation and Results

Author

Tonani, Marina, Nilsson, J.a.u, Lyubartsev, Vladyslav, Grandi, Alessandro, Aydogdu, A., Azzopardi, Joel, Bolzon, G., Bruschi, A., Drago, Aldo, Garau, T., Gatti, Julie, Gertman, Isaac, Goldman, R., Hayes, Dan, Korres, Gerrakimos, Lorente, P., Malacic, Vlado, Mantziafou, Anneta, Nardone, G., Olita, Antonio, Ozsoy, E., Pairaud, Ivane, Pensieri, S., Perivoliotis, L., Petelin, Boris, Ravaioli, M., Renault, L., Sofianos, S., Sotillo, M.g., Teruzzi, A., Zodiatis, George, Tonani, Marina, Nilsson, J.a.u, Lyubartsev, Vladyslav, Grandi, Alessandro, Aydogdu, A., Azzopardi, Joel, Bolzon, G., Bruschi, A., Drago, Aldo, Garau, T., Gatti, Julie, Gertman, Isaac, Goldman, R., Hayes, Dan, Korres, Gerrakimos, Lorente, P., Malacic, Vlado, Mantziafou, Anneta, Nardone, G., Olita, Antonio, Ozsoy, E., Pairaud, Ivane, Pensieri, S., Perivoliotis, L., Petelin, Boris, Ravaioli, M., Renault, L., Sofianos, S., Sotillo, M.g., Teruzzi, A., and Zodiatis, George

Abstract

A web-based validation platform has been developed at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) for the Near Real Time validation of the MyOcean-Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Centre products (Med-MFC). A network for the collection of the in-situ observations, the nested sub-basin forecasting systems model data (provided by the partners of the Mediterranean Operational Oceanography Network, MOON) and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) satellite data has been developed and is updated every day with the new available data. The network collects temperature, salinity, currents and sea level data. The validation of the biogeochemical forecast products is done by use of ocean colour satellite data produced for the Mediterranean Sea. All the data are organized in an ad hoc database interfaced with a dedicated software which allows interactive visualizations and statistics (CalVal SW). This tool allows to evaluate NRT products by comparison with independent observations for the first time. The heterogeneous distribution and the scarcity of moored observations reflect with large areas uncovered with measurements. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the forecast at the locations of observations could be very useful to discover sub-regions where the model performances can be improved, thus yielding an important complement to the basin-mean statistics regularly calculated for the Mediterranean MFC products using semi-independent observations.

Published
2012
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