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Introduction. Spinal cord injury, like any severe injury, triggers a cascade of metabolic reactions leading to an increased demand for macronutrients. Untimely correction of nutritional losses leads to significant weight loss in the patient, and as a result, to an increase in the number of alimentary-dependent complications. Materials and methods. The study included fifty spinal cord injury (SCI) children, aged of 7-18 years admitted to the Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma in Moscow within the first month after injury. All patients from the moment of admission and over the next 6 months had a dynamic monitoring of their nutritional status. It included examination of anthropometric and laboratory parameters, and examination of the state of component composition of plegic limbs using MR scanning on a high-field (1.5 T) Toshiba MR tomograph. Results. The screening performed has revealed a risk of nutritional deficiency in all SCI patients. The findings were obtained indicating that in the majority of children of this category significant malnutrition had developed by the first month after the injury. Subsequently, it caused tissue imbalance in muscles of the plegic limbs. The timely correction of nutritional losses with special mixtures and standard diet products has stabilized the progressive weight loss and prevented complications associated with insufficient alimentation. Conclusion. A regular comprehensive assessment of nutritional status is the basis for determining adequate nutritional support and diet for SCI children.

Проблема формирования познавательной активности детей дошкольного возраста вот уже на протяжении не одного десятилетия занимает одно из важнейших мест в психолого-педагогических исследованиях. Особенно актуально решение данной проблемы в русле формирования у детей дошкольного возраста готовности к школьному обучению. Современная жизнь требует от будущего ученика ориентации в постоянно изменяющемся окружающем мире. В дошкольном образовании идет поиск новых технологий воспитания и обучения, целью которых должно стать создание условий для активизации познавательной деятельности, развития потребности в самостоятельном познании окружающей действительности, устойчивого познавательного отношения к миру. Дошкольник в процессе активности выступает как самодостаточная личность, свободная от внешнего воздействия. Он сам ставит цели, определяет пути, методы и способы их достижения, тем самым удовлетворяя свои интересы, потребности и волю.

The paper analyzes the tricky phenomenon of religious feelings related to the question of authenticity. The challenge to describe and make sense of this elusive relationship, providing one exists at all, becomes clearer against the background of two important figures dealing with the psychology of religion – William James (primarily a psychologist) and Bernard Lonergan (primarily a theologian). While James was a naturalist psychologist who put his study on a background of human nature and followed academic scientific discipline, Lonergan was a Christian theologian who set the goal for his whole system not on the level of cognition but on the transcending dimension of being-in-love with God. They both avoided the extremes of their positions and reached out to a more balanced way of understanding religion in its complexity and sometimes ambiguous significance in the lives of human moral subjects.

The main most frequently used structural materials are monolithic reinforced concrete, steel profiles and lightweight thin-walled building structures, which in case of fire at temperatures above 500 °C lose their mechanical properties, deform, and collapse. To protect the load-bearing structures from dangerous deformations for a certain time before the start of extinguishing a fire, various fire-retardant materials are used, among which thin-layer intumescent coatings occupy a special place. Serious problems with the quality of intumescent coatings are associated with the use by manufacturers of paint components (often counterfeit products of low quality) that do not correspond to those stated in the certificates. In these cases, the intumescent coating does not guarantee the formation of a high-quality protective layer of the coke foam in case of fire. Standard methods for assessing the quality of such coatings allow to assess appearance, thickness, and adhesion of the coating prior to coke foam formation. However, it is required to check directly on the object the additional non-standard parameters of the intumescent coatings: intumescence coefficient, appearance and strength of the coke foam. Ways are described related to the implementation of measuring the structural and mechanical properties of the coke foam: intumescence coefficient, penetration and shear-breakout strength. It is proposed to measure the strength characteristics of the coke foam by the penetrometry method on an original installation (analogue of a cone penetrometer). The proposed measurement method is simple, demonstrative and does not require expensive equipment. The dependence is revealed concerning the strength of the coke foam on its density, which is determined by the intumescence coefficient at all other things being equal. The higher the intumescence coefficient, the lower the density and strength of the coke foam. Therefore, high values of the intumescence coefficient do not guarantee the reliability of fire protection. It is recommended to set normatively limit values for the intumescence coefficient, which will differ for different compositions of the intumescent paints.

The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of volumes and stability of the structure of energy resource consumption at manufacturing enterprises, the analysis of the technical readiness of energy systems to implement the ideas of digital transformation. As the main research methods used in this article there are the method of dipole energy analysis to determine the priority of types of energy carriers, the method of graphical visualization of data to find the release points of values from the zone of relative stability, the method of classifying objects to assign products to a group of objects on the level of energy sustainability. The article analyzes the current trends in energy consumption with the determination of the vector of sustainable energy consumption and the parameters of reserves for improving energy efficiency; prioritized separate types of energy production of petrochemical plants; the types of products were classified according to the level of sustainability of energy consumption with the establishment of control points having emissions of values from the zone of relative stability and unproductive consumption of energy resources; the high technical readiness of energy systems of manufacturing industries to automate production processes with the subsequent development of digital technologies has been proved.Keywords: energy efficiency, sustainable energy consumption, automated metering of energy resources, energy resources, dipole energy analysis.JEL Classifications: О14, D24, С41DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10202

The paper presents theoretical studies of the adsorption of pollutant gases on the surface of cadmium-containing polyacrylonitrile (Cd-polyacrylonitrile) in the absence and presence of water molecules and oxygen molecules in the environment. The list of gases to which the Cd-polyacrylonitrile surface may have the highest sensitivity is determined. Nitrogen dioxide, methane, ammonia, sulfur oxide (II), hydrogen sulfide, ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon oxide (II), chlorine were chosen as pollutant gases. The following software packages are used for modeling: HyperChem, Gaussian 09, Сhemoffice 2010. Polyacrylonitrile macromolecule models were obtained from HyperChem, Gaussian 09, from which a pentamer macromolecule was chosen to produce a Cd-polyacrylonitrile cluster. Then, implementing the molecular mechanics method in Сhemoffice 2010, namely in the Chem3D subroutine, the Cd-polyacrylonitrile cluster model is constructed. Further, using the molecular modeling method, the following thermodynamic parameters were determined: «Cd-polyacrylonitrile cluster – gas molecule», «Cd-polyacrylonitrile cluster – oxygen molecule», «Cd-polyacrylonitrile cluster – water molecule», «Cd-polyacrylonitrile cluster – oxygen molecule gas molecule», «Cd-polyacrylonitrile cluster – water molecule – gas molecule». As a result of molecular modeling, it was established that Cd-polyacrylonitrile in the atmospheric air exhibits selective sensitivity to gaseous chlorine and carbon monoxide; in an oxygen-free environment – also to hydrogen sulfide. The results of molecular modeling confirm the previously obtained experimental data on the evaluation of the gas sensitivity of Cd-polyacrylonitrile and indicate the presence of van der Waals forces between the Cd-polyacrylonitrile and the adsorbed gas molecule. The presence or absence of water molecules in atmospheric air should not affect the change in the sensitivity of Cd-polyacrylonitrile to pollutant gases.

The article aims to study the practices of students’ use of services in the conditions of digitalization. The leading methods for the study of this problem are the methods of questioning and testing, allowing to make a qualitative analysis of student consumption practices in the conditions of digitization of services. These methods allowed revealing the peculiarities of online consumption practices by students. The authors found that the majority of students who are not actively using online services, to some extent had experience using online services, but almost every tenth of them had negative result. It is established that students are distrustful of new methods to obtain services, especially when it comes to any operations related to money. It is shown that students who do not practice online services have a feeling that the provided online services are of poor quality, and informants are ready to experience some discomfort in exchange for the usual, guaranteed and high quality, in their opinion, service. In addition, students who are not actively using online services note that it is not easy for them to adapt to new technologically advanced things, but the rest of the students believe that they can adapt to innovations, but the way of providing services that is now perceived as traditional one is the most acceptable for them. It is established that the leader in the use of online services is a taxi. This service is used by all students to some extent, followed by the service of food delivery and only then online banking, online shopping and public services. The novelty and originality of the study lies in the fact that the features of consumption practices among students actively practicing online services and avoiding them are revealed. It is established that students who have little recourse to online services are wary of modern services, which is based either on the previous negative experience of use, or on the unsatisfactory experience of friends, believe that those techniques and applications that are now on the market are not optimal for them and the usual methods of obtaining services for them remain more comfortable and familiar, even though more time spent on obtaining a particular service. The practical significance lies in the fact that the data obtained in the work can be used in social psychology, age psychology, labor psychology, management, sociology, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue.

The use of mobile technologies in education has appealed considerable interest and attention from educators and researchers in the last decade. Nonetheless, the effects of mobile learning on students’ learning outcome in science education are still ambiguous. The time and place flexibility, ubiquity and easy accessibility of mobile devices are among the features that make them valuable in m-learning, especially in science education, at present times. Despite the large number of researches conducted, no bibliometrics study has been carried out in this topic so far. The aim of this review is to assess the progress of international publications in the area of science education and mobile learning. This content analysis review shows the trends in publications regarding mobile learning and science education researches indexed in Web of Science database between years 2004-2019. Out of 57 documents related to the topic of interest found in the database of Web of Science, the results demonstrate that the publication frequency has increased after 2012 where the most productive year was 2016. Most of the published documents were proceedings papers and original articles. Taiwan and United States are the countries with most work published where Pakistan, Taiwan and China are the countries that funded the most scientific research. The top journal involving the publications associated with this topic is Computers & Education journal. A more comprehensive criteria has been used in this content analysis which has interpreted in detail. This study can provide a much clear picture of the field to researchers, educational leaders and funders to incorporate new understandings into their research.

Purpose of the study: Since the new generation is the main entity of material and social benefits’ renewal process of any state, the article aims to identify the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia. It is the younger generation of different age groups that is the main labor unit of the state population. Relevant is the fact that the issues of demography are a global challenge of self-organizing society. The purpose of the article is to identify the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia, as well as to consider various models of reproductive behavior. Methodology: The leading methods for the study of this problem is the survey method, which allows to make a qualitative analysis of the characteristics of the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia and to establish the subjective position of students regarding demographic development. Results: The article reveals that the following administrative and legal measures contribute to the improvement of the demographic situation in the country (legislative acts regulating the marriage age, divorce, attitude to abortion and contraception, the status of mother and children in the divorce, working women’s labor regime); economic measures (paid leave, various benefits at child’s birth, preferential credit conditions if necessary, tax and housing benefits); educational measures (formation of public opinion, the core and standards of demographic behavior, determination of attitude to religious norms, traditions and customs, family planning policy, sexual education of youth). The authors established a high level of awareness of students about the demographic situation in the country; the presence of anxiety about this situation. Applications of this study: The data obtained in the work can be used in sociology, social psychology, political science, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study revealed a high level of awareness of young people about the demographic situation in the country, certain anxiety about this situation. However, young people are not in a hurry to participate in the solution of demographic problems, referring mainly to the difficulties of material nature. This indicates the need for more careful consideration of measures of state support for young families, taking into account the research of their opinion on this matter.

This article presents first results of the investigated physico-chemical and operational parameters of composition greases obtained with the use of esters of different nature as a dispersion medium and the polyurea as a thickening agent, including the addition of nanocellulose. The choice of the ester base for the production of greases is possible due, on the one hand, to good combination of the physico-chemical properties (high viscosity index, low volatility, high flash and ignition temperature, low pour point, good anti-wear properties). On the other hand, in the production of greases with good ecological characteristics biodegradability of its components is of great importance, which in this case is provided by the use of esters as an oil base and an organic thickener, nanocellulose, as a component of the polyurea dispersed phase. It has been shown that from the dicarboxylic acid esters studied, the polyurea greases based on dioctyl adipate are superior to the dropping point and better colloidal stability as compared to dioctyl sebacate and dibutyl sebacate. The smaller size of the ether molecule provides the stronger structure of the polyurea grease. Similarly, for branched ethers, the grease based on tri-basic alcohols is more effective than the four-basic alcohols. The possibility of using nanocellulose as a thickener component was demonstrated. An increase in the content of nanocellulose to 3.5% increases the colloidal stability and the dropping temperature of the synthesized greases. The obtained samples have a wider range of operating temperatures, better rheological indicators than imported and domestic analogues.

The implementation of an efficient energy policy in Russia as an integral part of the social and economic strategy as a whole gives a high profile to the issues of energy consumption monitoring. The importance of the energy sector to the industrial development of all Russian regions requires close attention to the accounting and rational use of energy resources in order to reduce the energy dependence of all industries and make Russian economy less energy-intensive whilst more energy-efficient. The analysis of strategic documents in the field of energy saving proves the importance of the Russian Federation, which is one of the leaders of the world energy sector. The purpose of the article is to study the energy aspects of energy consumption in the regions of the Russian Federation, to conduct their comparative analysis and evaluation, and to identify problems in the supply of energy resources. The methods of research applied to study this problem include data collection and synthesis methods; a balance method; a time-series method; tabular and graphical methods of the study results visualization. The article presents the dynamics of electricity consumption in the regions of the Russian Federation broken down by federal districts and macro-regions set out in the Russian Federation spatial development strategy; also, the consumption balance by types of energy resources is provided for various fuels. In addition, it provides a brief description of the Russian integrated power system operation reflecting the generation and consumption of electricity among the main power systems of the country. Based on the analysis of Russia's energy development forecast, using scenario approaches, the article concludes that the energy efficiency of the national economy requires improvement and there is a need to implement energy-saving projects. The information contained herein is of practical value for the professionals involved in the analysis and evaluation of energy resources consumption and assessment of their contribution to the national economy. The results of the study reveal fundamental differences in the consumption and use of energy resources throughout Russia's regions.Keywords: energy resources monitoring, energy consumption, energy security, energy saving, energy strategy.JEL Classifications: D24; Q43; M31DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7967

Dans son article, Kristin Kleber presente un apercu du comportement des rois perses envers les traditions religieuses babyloniennes et envers les representants du culte. Elle compare la politique perse avec celle des rois neo-assyriens et neo-babyloniens. Le systeme de croyance perse permettait d’inclure de nouvelles divinites dans le pantheon et le comportement religieux des rois envers les cultes locaux s’expliquait surtout par des raisons politiques. Ils appliquaient la politique que K. Kl...

The composite self-lubricating materials based on polyamide, which contain carbon materials and cylinder oil, were investigated. It was shown that graphite obtained from lignin is the best among other investigated fillers. The recommended particle size of the powder filler is no more than 75 µm, the temperature of the impregnation of the filler with oil is 60–100 C. Samples of composites filled with graphite of lignin have a friction coefficient on steel of 0.099–0.125. The regression equation was obtained, which allows to optimize the composition of the composite material and to predict its properties.

Christian missionaries found Vietnam a spiritual country, and many Vietnamese converted to Christianity. On the other hand, during history, the Christian religious identity has brought various tensions due to the issues of colonialism, nationalism, and communism. Most Vietnamese Christians lived in pure Christian villages (lang cong giao toan tong) or mixed villages with Christians accounting for about a half of the population (lang cong giao xoi do). They have played an important role in the social, economic and cultural life of these villages. This article presents the historical background of a mixed village called Phung Khoang, contrasting the Christian vs. non-Christian cultural-religious views, and then discussing both the collaboration and tension played out over various historical periods.

The relevance of this article is to study a qualitatively new type of communication structures - social networks in the Internet, as a special information channel, the important properties of which are: the speed of information flow, convergence, multimedia nature. All this requires special consideration of the formation of students’ ideas about social reality in the new conditions. The purpose of the research is to analyze the information field of social networks in comparison with traditional mass media communication means in the student representation. Identification of specific features and patterns inherent in the Internet as a whole and social networks as its creation. Research methods: as a research method, we used the method of content analysis, which has sufficient diagnostic capabilities to study social networks on the Internet. Research results: the article considers the concepts of the information agenda and public arenas. Social networks as a means of mass communication are considered. The article analyzes the daily news formation in traditional mass communication media and in the social network. The features of the daily news formation in social networks through the eyes of students are revealed. The novelty and originality of the study lies in the fact that the levels of mass media (traditional and new) are highlighted. It is shown that the mass communication media, in the view of students, use the achievements of industrial society and are characterized by limited time and space, low bandwidth, insufficient breadth of coverage, universality. Students highlight important properties of social networks: the speed of information flow, unlimited time and space, convergence, multimedia nature and personalization. First the factors affecting the features of the daily news’ organization in social networks are identified: a larger number of news compared to the TV channel; the difference in the categories of news posted in social networks and on TV; differences in the content of the agenda of the communities themselves; discussion with users of the social networking news among the categories, which are less represented on TV; the distribution in the network by ordinary users of only the most interesting news (viral reproduction). It is shown that under the guise of news on the studied television channel, the audience, in the view of students, receives outdated information while in social networks community members receive information at the speed of the events themselves. It was revealed that from the point of view of students, the number of news covering the events that took place on the eve of the event is approximately the same in the communities and on the TV channel. The phenomenon of citizen journalism in the representation of students is considered (social networks have a significant impact on the quality of journalism and its image in the eyes of Internet users). It is revealed that the interest of the student audience significantly differs in social networks from those topics of news that are shown on television. It is determined that from the point of view of students, the daily news in the social network communities contain significantly more negative news than on the TV channel, and less positive and neutral messages. It is shown that the daily news in social networks is formed spontaneously rather than purposefully installed. It is determined that the daily news in the networks more correspond to the needs of the student audience. Practical significance: marketers, image-makers, experts in the field of political technologies to verify the presence or absence of interest in a service or product, a public figure or a politician, can use the data obtained in this work. The findings can also be used in management psychology and social psychology.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences of nearly any species of Chytridiomycota has typically challenged traditional classification and triggered taxonomic revision. This has often led to the establishment of new taxa which, normally, appears well supported by zoospore ultrastructure, which provides diagnostic characters. To construct a meaningful and comprehensive classification of Chytridiomycota, the combination of molecular phylogenies and morphological studies of traditionally defined chytrid species is needed. In this work, we have studied morphological and ultrastructural features based on light and transmission electron microscopy as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis of a parasite (strain X-124 CCPP ZIN RAS) morphologically similar to Rhizophydium granulosporum living on the yellow-green alga Tribonema gayanum. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequence of this strain supports that it represents a new genus and species affiliated to the recently established order Gromochytriales. The ultrastructure of X-124 confirms its phylogenetic position sister to Gromochytrium and serves as the basis for the description of the new genus and species Apiochytrium granulosporum. The 18S rRNA gene of A. granulosporum contains a S943 group I intron that carries a homing endonuclease pseudogene.

Purpose. The article describes the use of one of the interactive methods of teaching: the constructor of contracts in practical classes on Agrarian Law. Methodology: on the basis of the system analysis of scientific literature and practical experience of the author the conclusion about the need to reduce the contact work with the student to increase the efficiency of independent work of students and interactive technologies. Summary. The contract designer is considered as one of the ways of mastering the competence of application of normative legal acts, implementation of the norms of substantive law in professional activity and skills of preparation of legal documents. Scientific and practical significance. The author’s conclusions can be useful in teaching Agricultural Law in the construction of lessons based on the constructor method of treaties for the study of other types of contracts: supplies, contract, etc. This technology helps to engage students in the educational process, is of interest to the subject, is assessed as practically useful.