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The theoretical substantiation of the essence and content of the "labor sphere" concept is provided, its significance and influence on the system of social relations is revealed. The organizational and managerial structure of the labor sphere as a social institution in the system of national economy is presented, and its role in ensuring the adaptation of Ukraine’s labor environment to European requirements is revealed. The results of the authors’ scientific research on the development of scientific and methodological framework for assessing the level of imbalance in the labor sphere of Ukraine are presented, the main conditions and reasons for the deepening of imbalance in the labor sphere of Ukraine during wartime, which leads to the intensifying impact of social risks and dangers on people, national economy, and the country, are considered. The main imbalances in the labor sphere and the socio-economic consequences of their manifestation in the conditions of martial law are systematized. In the system of scientific and methodological support, the authors propose novel methods for assessing the irreversible losses of Ukraine’s labor potential due to the deaths of military personnel and civilian population; assessing the temporary and partial losses of labor potential during wartime determined by the duration of unemployment of the displaced population within the country, their departure abroad, employment opportunities in a new place, the probability of return after the end of the war. The developed algorithm for the construction of integral estimates of the imbalance in Ukraine’s labor sphere is based on the conceptual foundations of the methodology for the development of European social indicators system with the adjustment of the generalized model of their construction. Indicators of the conditions for ensuring balance and balanced development of labor sphere during wartime are developed and substantiated. Approbation of the developed algorithm for the construction of integral estimates, which determine changes in the labor sphere balance levels in quantitative and qualitative dimensions, is carried out; emphasis is placed on the need to ensure strategic management of the labor sphere in Ukraine under martial law and during post-war recovery. The expediency of balancing labor and economic security, human development, overcoming poverty, food security, etc., which are the components of the current national security strategy of Ukraine, is substantiated.

The practical methods of studying Zen, known as ‘pure zazen’ and the ‘koan method’ of the Buddhist schools of Rinzai and Soto are subjected to comparative analysis. This study focuses on the comprehension of Zen philosophy, and also analyzes the basic attitudes regarding the difference from the old Buddhist schools in Japan: practical activity, self-improvememt and indifference to death come first, as well as new aesthetic norms and ideals. Simplicity, the absence of any authority, the absence of rituals and anti-intellectualism corresponded to the spirit of the era when the once unshakable moral values were collapsing. Comparing the two Buddhist schools, the authors of the article note that the distinguishing feature of Soto, founded in Japan by Dogen, is absolute immersion in the meditative practice of ‘Silent illumination of Zen’ (黙想 mokuso), which outlines the path to enlightenment through sitting meditation. At the same time the emphasis is placed on the fact that this is a complex and not fast process of passing through certain stages in comprehending the teaching. Rinzai Zen in Japan is most associated with learning through koan work, and the origin of this practice dates back to master Linji from the time of the Song dynasty, namely Daie Soko, who collected and arranged all the major koans in a specific order for ease of use. But the very practice of comprehending the teaching is distinguished by its rather harsh and cruel methods, since the teachers considered it necessary to tear the student out of everyday life and the fastest way is to hit or to shout at a person. It was this philosophical practice of Rinzai Zen that was spread in Japan by Eisai. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the masters of the Rinzai school proclaim the importance of ‘sudden enlightenment’, and the masters of the Soto school teach to follow the path of ‘progressive enlightenment’, and thus Soto and Rinzai become Zen schools that use opposite methods to achieve insight.

The article presents the authors’ original classification of the factors that influence the creation and development of human capital. The suggested classification combines the factors of internal and external human capital environment into pairs and identifies global vectors that guide their development. The analysis results are used as the basis for the systematization of gains and losses of Ukraine’s human capital that allows the authors to determine the potential opportunities and threats for its recovery. The systems approach is employed to identify the factors of human capital formation, development and preservation using the results of SWOT-analysis. Consequently, the authors develop a conceptual framework for building a strategy of the post-war recovery of human capital in Ukraine taking into account the advantages of digitalization. The authors identify three major dimensions within which they propose to implement the main strategic directions of human capital recovery in Ukraine during the post-war period and specify the features of each strategic direction in the context of suggested dimensions.

The Bulgarian Region is located in the Southeastern Europe, with not so frequent recent seismicity. Several strong seismic events in the beginning of the XX century evidenced the capability of the main faults to accumulate significant energy. In this study, we investigate the seismicity in the region using the numerical block-and-fault dynamics (BAFD) model of lithosphere dynamics and seismicity. The morphostructural zoning outlines major crustal blocks, and external driving motions are prescribed using GPS data. We performed preliminary test for the simplified block structure to compile the synthetic earthquake catalogue for the Bulgarian region.

El problema de analizar el impacto de los minitextos literarios en una amplia gama de audiencias ha sido abordado parcialmente hasta ahora. El objetivo del artículo fue investigar el análisis de estructuras ocultas de marcos a partir de las respuestas de los encuestados sobre la base de mini-textos literarios sobre moda. El aspecto funcional-pragmático de los textos actualizados preparados para los encuestados, que fue seleccionado para el análisis, permite identificar el propósito oculto y el significado de los mini-textos literarios en el discurso de la moda en general. El estudio involucró métodos discursivos e intencionales, el método de modelado cognitivo, una combinación de tareas como “opción múltiple” y experimento asociativo libre (el método de enumeración). El experimento identificó un modelo de evento comunicativo, cuya estructura lingüística es la más común en los minitextos literarios de la revista Vogue. El estudio mostró la proporción de todo tipo de eventos comunicativos en minitextos, donde se verbalizan los conceptos de “desafío”, “tiempo”, “sin esfuerzo”, cada uno con ciertas fórmulas de lenguaje en minitextos literarios sobre moda. Los materiales de investigación empírica pueden ser de utilidad para recomendaciones metodológicas a estudiantes universitarios a la hora de profundizar en trabajos multivectoriales sobre filología. Un área prometedora de investigación es la selección y descripción de conceptos clave del discurso de mini-textos en diacronía.

In the collective memory of the British, there was a perception that Afghanistan was a space that could not be colonized: a space that limited British power and influence. Nevertheless, selectively using its experience of colonial warfare, Britain invaded Afghanistan for the fourth time, this time as part of a multilateral force. In analyzing the performance of Britain’s counterinsurgency mission in Afghanistan, Western sources have most often favored identifying tactical and operational failures of military or civilian structures rather than addressing the fundamental shortcomings of the operation in Afghanistan. Britain has joined the efforts of the «collective West» in Afghanistan, primarily to demonstrate to Washington that London remains its most reliable and most significant military ally. Over time, attachment to the United States went so far as to atrophy Britain’s ability to develop its own national strategy. Western countries have replaced the fight against al-Qaeda who carried out terrorist attacks in the United States with the fight against the Taliban insurgency. The English narrative used the category of moral obligation more often than national interest. Great Britain demanded that Afghanistan turn into a liberal-democratic state. The troops not only introduced foreign Western ideas of democracy and the rule of law, they also tried to expand the power of the central government in Kabul, a government that was not accepted by the insurgents and generally lacked legitimacy among Afghans. The continued presence of Western forces in Afghanistan has generated hatred and initiated jihad.

Martial law in Ukraine causes changes in all spheres of ensuring the life of the population and the country as a whole. Active hostilities in a large area of many regions have led to a mass displacement of the population both on the territory of Ukraine and abroad. Obtaining either the status of an internally displaced person (IDP) or refugee status, puts forward requirements for the State to develop a policy of keeping IDPs from external migration and returning refugees to their homeland in order to preserve the human potential of the country, in particular, labor and educational potential. Making urgent managerial decisions in the social and labor sphere is of strategic importance for the restoration of territories in the postwar period and tactical importance for the integration of IDPs into host communities. Uncertainty of the terms of hostilities, constant change of the territories in which active military actions are conducted, require a quick response on the part of the State together with the adoption of relevant regulatory documents and amendments to the current ones aimed at protecting and supporting both internally displaced population and internally displaced businesses, returning refugees to Ukraine. The article is aimed at assessing the losses of labor and educational potential during martial law in Ukraine. The publication identifies the main risks in the labor sphere associated with martial law, examines the main imbalances determined by the socioeconomic risks and dangers. According to the authors’ methodology, an assessment of the losses of the labor and educational potential of Ukraine during the period of martial law is presented, which provides a substantiation for the directions of managerial decisions on its preservation and restoration. The main directions of prevention and minimization of risks in the labor sector and in the labor market are proposed. Attention is focused on the issues of long-term social integration of IDPs along with the development and implementation of measures to promote the return of refugees on the principles of social justice and non-discrimination.

The publication valuates the changes that are expected regarding the supply and demand of jobs in the national labor market under the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The contradictory forecast data and the reasons that cause them are determined. The necessity and possibility of carrying out forecast estimates of labor force supply and demand according to the scenarios of development of the national economy are substantiated. According to forecast estimates, changes in employment by certain types of economic activity in 2025-2030 according to the inertial and targeted scenarios are computed, the consequences of their implementation and the impact on the supply and demand of labor force are defined. The ratios of the demand and supply of labor force and the employed population in the labor market for 2025 and the excess number of employed population in different scenarios of economic development are determined. It is concluded that if the inertial scenario is implemented without accelerated digitalization, the supply of labor force will be 7% more than demand. With the implementation of modern digital and information-communication technologies, almost 29.1% of the potential supply of labor force may remain outside employment. Subject to significant economic growth, taking into account the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), without accelerated digitalization, the demand and supply of labor force will practically be balanced according to the results of computations. Taking into account the implementation of digital and information-communication technologies, the surplus of labor force among the employed can reach 20.9% of the total supply. It is noted that imbalance in the labor market, which arises under the conditions of the implementation of intensive digitalization processes, along with other social risks in the field of employment, will be accompanied by an increase in the volume of labor migration. Attention is focused on the assumption that without the introduction of modern information and digital technologies, Ukraine can remain on the sidelines of world economic and scientific-technological progress, while under such conditions the implementation of the target scenario will be practically impossible

This article considers the genesis and development of Buddhism in Japan from the age of Nara to the Tokugawa period. Revealing the problems of the first six philosophical and religious schools of academic Buddhism, namely Kusha, Sanron, Jōjitsu, Hosso, Risshu and Kegon, the authors of the article sought to fully explore the basic foundations of the philosophy of each of them, delve into the linguistic nuances of Japanese and Sanskrit terms, touching on such aspects like dharma, dukha, anatmavada, shunyata or emptiness, the "two truths" of the Buddha's teachings, etc. The text focuses on the role of Buddhism in the Nara period, it explores the main purpose of monks and the system of "local" temples which was not only an intellectual support of that era, but also played the role of an important military force. Drawing an analogy with the philosophy of the Rinzai-shu and Soto-shu schools, the authors analyze the expansion of the line of succession in Zen by monitoring the formation of groups of thinkers, their development and emergence of cultural capital through long-term discussions and continuous reflection over several generations. The work pays special attention to significant figures in Japanese Buddhism, it outlines the role of philosophical creativity, examines the social and religious transformations that occur over different eras and periods. The question of redistribution of power and basic economic resources, suppression of Buddhism, emergence of anti-Buddhist positions and formation of new doctrines are touched upon. As a result of the study, the genesis of Buddhism was described through the prism of Japanese culture, the trajectory of its development from inception to transformation processes in new trends as well as social phenomena that sometimes gave rise to a creative or destructive tendency and influenced the course of history. The authors note that Japanese society that tends to a greater extent towards abstraction and aesthetic pleasure managed to assimilate to the new realities of life and new teachings with pinpoint accuracy, transforming Buddhism into its culture and polishing and refining it in the Japanese style.

The article substantiates the feasibility of considering the digitalization factors in the conceptual principles of decent work of International Labour Organisation. The negative consequences of digitalization stunting the improvement of working life quality at different management levels are systemized. The paper determines the risks caused by digitalization in various fields, namely employment, work conditions, decent remuneration, personal and professional development opportunities, democratization of working life. The features of precarious employment are identified and grouped by types of manifestation. The authors suggest a methodology for assessing working life quality based on a combined approach that uses statistical and sociological indicators and calculates an integrated index. This allows for an evaluation of both objective and subjective factors of economic and social digitalization’s impact, as well as executive decisions on approaches to and mechanisms of improving the quality of working life. The suggested methodology has been tested using statistical data and subjective assessments on the quality of working life. The paper investigates and summarizes the trends in changes of sub-indices of working life quality over the period of 2013-2019, as well as the influence of components on the changes in the integrated index.

Our objectives were to (1) compare different regimens of hormonal therapy (HT) in young women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and early endometrial cancer (EC), (2) assess reproductive and oncologic outcomes and (3) explore possible predictors of complete response (CR) and disease free survival (DFS).Reproductive age women with AEH and Grade 1-2 endometrioid EC with no or minimal myometrial invasion on MRI treated with different regimens of HT were prospectively analyzed. Treatment protocols included levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG IUD), gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (aGnRH) or high-dose oral medroxyprogesteron acetate (MPA) separately and in combinations.Total of 418 patients with AEH (n = 228) and EC (n = 190) aged 19-46 years received HT. Overall CR rate was 96% in AEH and 88% in EC patients (р 0.001). None of the regimens used in AEH (LNG IUD + 2 DC vs. LNG IUD + aGnRH vs. LNG IUD + 3 DC) was found inferior to the others (CR of 98%, 95%, 100%, respectively, p 0.05) except for MPA alone (CR 87%, р = 0.009). Out of four HT regimens used in EC LNG IUD + aGnRH+3 DC was superior to all others (CR 96%, р = 0.026) where 2 DCs were performed or oral MPA was prescribed. The median follow-up for 339 patients was 33 months (range: 3-136), 68% of patients (n = 232) attempted conception, 38% (n = 89) of them used ART. The birth rate was 42% (n = 97). The rate of recurrence was 26% (50/196) in AEH group and 36% (51/143) in EC group (p = 0.05). Birth after treatment (HR = 0.24) or LNG IUD maintenance (HR = 0.18) were associated with superior DFS (p 0.001 for both). ART use did not influence DFS.Hormonal therapy of AEH and early EC with LNG IUD is superior to MPA-containing regimens, however still carries high risk of recurrence. Post-treatment pregnancy rates are satisfactory and can be further improved by broader ART use which was proven safe. Initial diagnosis of AEH, post-treatment child birth and LNG IUD maintenance were associated with decreased rates of recurrence.

In this study seismogenic nodes capable to generate earthquakes with magnitudes M ≥ 6 are identified for the territory of Bulgaria and adjacent areas. Definition of nodes is based on a morphostructural zonation. Pattern recognition algorithm Cora-3 is applied to identify the seismogenic nodes, characterized by specific geological and geophysical data. The pattern recognition method is trained on information for 30 seismic events with M ≥ 6 for the period 29 BC–2020, selected from historical and instrumental Bulgarian earthquake catalogues. As a result, 56 seismogenic nodes are recognized, most of them in southwestern Bulgaria.

Subject. The article focuses on the efficacy of governmental programs for implementing the power capacity supply, which is a long-term contract obliging the company to build new generating capacities within an agreed period of time, while the consumer must pay for the power capacity within the term of the contract at higher power capacity tariffs. Objectives. The study reviews the outcome of the program for the renewal of generating capacity under the power capacity supply contract and evaluates the 2019 program for retrofitting of generating fixed assets. Methods. The methodological framework relies upon the comparative analysis of generating capacity renewal programs held in Russia under power capacity supply contracts with reference to the balance of demand and supply. Results. The article presents the outcome of the 2010 program for the renewal of generating capacities in Russia and gives the comparative description of two programs for the renewal of the Russian generating capacities. We also predict the efficiency of the 2019 program for the renewal of the Russian generating capacity. Conclusions and Relevance. The above programs helped implement the new effective equipment, reduce the specific consumption of fuel oil equivalent at power plants. However, as the site to be renewed was chosen inappropriately, some regions of the Russian Federation saw the surplus power capacity. The 2019 program accommodates for stringent requirements for the selection of facilities. Having analyzed growth rates of power capacity and demand by power grids, we conclude that the power capacity factor will drop at power plants until 2025, thus putting the cost effectiveness of the above programs at question.

The paper describes an energy-efficient technology for producing a diamond-bearing composite material on the surface of a sintered diamond-aluminum part by microarc oxidation. The material formation time and energy consumption cost is reduced through replacing 10–25 vol% aluminum powder with white corundum powder. The corundum powder grit should be 5–6 times less than the diamond grain size. The material has high wear resistance and volumetric cutting ability. Frictional characteristics are improved due to an increasing matrix hardness through increasing α modification of Al2O3 in its composition. The new material might be a tool for precision abrasive microprocessing of hard materials.

The article presents an assessment of the state of the labor sphere and the quality of working life in the context of digitalization of the economy and society. The general conditions for ensuring and forming a decent quality of working life are assessed on the basis of changes in macroeconomic indicators of economic development in general and the digital sector with the determination of the efficiency of living labor costs. The share of the digital sector in the structure of the national economy, labor productivity of employees in the digital sector compared to national indicators are characterized. The dynamics of changes in the main socio-economic indicators of the development of the labor sphere of Ukraine for 2013-2020 and the structural transformation of employment by type of economic activity are analyzed. Changes in precariat in Ukraine for 2013-2020 and its share in the employed population are estimated. The characteristics of the dynamics of nominal, average, minimum wages for 2013-2020 in the context of ensuring the quality of working life are given. The social orientations in the system of remuneration and changes of social and economic indicators in Ukraine for the studied period are analyzed. The results of subjective assessment of working conditions, the level of dissatisfaction with their work are presented. It is concluded that the digitalization of the economy promotes the spread of non-standard forms of employment and creates new opportunities for employment in the labor market, and at the same time generates shadowing of employment, hidden unemployment and part-time employment, which limits the impact of high quality of life. It is proved that the low level of economic development and insignificant level of ICT implementation, technical and technological backwardness of national production have not affected the labor market, so far it has not changed under the influence of digital technologies.

This paper examines the problem of electricity theft and the method of commercial losses decrease. Incidents of unauthorized electricity consumption by private owners are happening all over the world. Companies are taking measures to stop theft but the scale of the problem is still significant. The paper has analyzed causes, presented results of the implementation of technical and organizational methods of theft elimination, and evaluation of the outcome on the example of public utilities and distribution networks.

The article has examined specifics and threats to the energy security of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The fuel and energy balance of the region has been analyzed. Evaluation of the region`s energy security using an indicative method has been carried out. The possibility of energy security optimization and increase for the region`s fuel and energy complex has been analyzed.

Magnaporthe oryzaeis a filamentous ascomycete fungus that causes devastating diseases of crops that include rice and wheat, and a variety of turf, forage and wild grasses. Strains from ryegrasses possess highly stable chromosome ends that undergo frequent rearrangements during vegetative growth in culture andin planta. Instability is associated with the presence of two related retrotransposons (MagnaportheoryzaeTelomericRetrotransposons - MoTeRs) inserted within the telomere repeat tracts. The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanisms by which MoTeRs promote telomere instability. Targeted cloning, restriction mapping, and sequencing of both parental and novel telomeric restriction fragments, along with MinION sequencing of DNA from three single-spore cultures, allowed us to document the molecular alterations for 109 newly-formed telomeres. Rearrangement events included truncations of subterminal rDNA sequences; acquisition of MoTeR insertions by “plain” telomeres; insertion of the MAGGY retrotransposons into MoTeR arrays; expansion and contraction of subtelomeric tandem repeats; MoTeR truncations; duplication and terminalization of internal sequences; and breakage at long, interstitial telomeres generated during MoTeR insertion. Together, our data show that when MoTeRs invade the telomeres, they can dramatically perturb the integrity of chromosome ends, leading to the generation of unprotected DNA termini whose repair has the potential to generate chromosome alterations that extend well into the genome interior.

This article systematizes main factors of socio-economic insecurity aggravation for employees during structural transformations, which take place on the modern labor market. These factors are related to inefficient employment and low level of labor productivity, regressive mobility of the employed population, loss of educational and labor potential of the country, low competitiveness of its labor force both in domestic and foreign labor markets, increase of unemployment among able-bodied people and informal employment, especially among young people and higher-level professionals, widening the gender gap in the employment structure to the benefit of older age groups. A methodological implementation of the assessments of social and economic insecurity risks for employees has been developed and verified in the study. It is based on comparing performance levels in particular components in specific time intervals. It is substantiated that, due to changes in the structure of the labor market and in the system of social and labor relations, the main factors of increasing the vulnerability of employees are related to the deindustrialization of the national economy, which is accompanied by formation of a regressive educational and professional structure of employed, as well as by the loss of motivation for productive work and increase in the professional level, reduction of social protection of employees, the growth of informal employment among young people and highly qualified specialists. High scale of labor migration and low demand for specialists in the internal labor market, low wages lead to loss of labor and educational potential and narrow the conditions for the development and realization of the country’s human capital.

The paper aims to give a deep comprehensive analysis of the formal, notional and role characteristics of Ukrainian, Italian and English temporal adverbs, which express the time interrelation between a certain action and the actual moment and also identification of intertextual relations between these temporal adverbs. It is indicated that the adverbial lexical specificator, as an integral peripheral constituent of the functional-semantic field of temporality, is capable to reflect the coordination of the process relatively to such fundamental time orientation centers as the moment of speaking and the moment in the text. The author's strategy of classification of the relevant temporal adverbs is presented, the specificity of their functioning in three languages with different systems is amply illustrated with numerous examples from the national journalistic sources. During the process of systematization special attention was paid to the belonging of a certain linguistic unit to a definite timeline, the character of an adverbial temporal marker, the peculiarity of the correlation of the process with the actual moment as well as to the length of a distance between the event and the time orientation point. In order to clearly differentiate the classification components with greater and lesser specialization, the concept of the key and optional integrant of the distribution system was introduced. As a result of the multidimensional research of temporal adverbs in three languages with different grammatical organization, national-specific and common features of the adverbial expression of the correlation between the event and the real moment were identified.

The paper highlights the comments and proposals prepared by scientists of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to the draft Rules for Awarding Scientific Degrees, developed by the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (NAQAHE) and proposed for public discussion. The proposals address the issues of organization of dissertation defence, improvement of organizational forms of presentation of materials, motivation of applicants for scientific work and involvement of young people in creative activities, increasing the prestige of science, problems of admission to the defence of dissertations of applicants, who are working in business entities, but not in educational and scientific institution, personal responsibility of members of the specialized academic councils for unreasonable decision-making, low level of professional expertise and unpretentiousness, as well as emphasizes the need to substantiate the provisions on funding pre-trial procedures and the defence of dissertations, especially in budgetary institutions. In the paper considerable attention is paid to the requirements given in the draft Rules to applicants for the degree considering publications of main results of their studies. The proposed system does not provide a balance between the remuneration of scientists and the costs associated with the publication of their scientific results in journals, which are indexed in leading abstracting and indexing services. It is inexpedient to accept the proposed requirements for dissertations in the form of scientific articles for candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The article provides a table of changes that are proposed to be made to the draft Procedure for publications. Given that the process of preparation of higher qualifications scholars goes far beyond the powers and competencies of the NAQAHE, it is proposed to return to the system of the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC) as a supervisory body under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. This system has paid off over the years, along with the expansion of the rights, duties and responsibilities of higher education institutions and research institutions for the training of scientific personnel – doctors of philosophy and doctors of sciences. The important role of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in scientific and methodological support and coordination of research works, which should become the basis of dissertation research, their examination and coordination of implementation, is also emphasized.

The article is devoted to finding ways to solve the problems of transformation of social and labor relations in the digital economy. The article considers the problems of the functioning of the social security and social insurance system due to the rapid spread of new forms of employment, the reduction of the share of employees – payers of social insurance contributions. The norms of international labor law set forth in the ILO conventions on the minimum standards of social security and the preservation of rights in the field of social security are analyzed. It is substantiated that the proliferation of distance employment forms, new forms of employment in the economy of digital platforms in a globalization context, increase the importance of international agreements and legal interstate documents in the field of labor relations. Perspective directions of development of the social insurance system as an effective mechanism of counteraction to social risks are investigated. The content and advantages of well-known social security systems, in particular, social insurance, universal access, insurance savings funds, individual private accounts, responsibilities for enterprises, social assistance are revealed. The necessity of developing the concept of reforming the social security system in Ukraine in the conditions of digital development is substantiated, the constituent concepts and perspective directions of reforming the system are offered.

The problems of syntax are constantly in the focus of attention of linguists, since the sentence structure in modern Ukrainian language is quite flexible and sensitive to target institutions of communication. As a result, new questions arise at every stage of scientific knowledge. These topical issues also include that of insertability. Modern studies connected with the parenthetical constructions do not fully solve the problem of their formation and development in modern linguistics. The purpose of the proposed scientific research is a comprehensive analysis of the parenthetical constructions in Ukrainian linguistics. The paper studies the problems associated with the formation of the parenthetical constructions category and analyzes the development of the doctrine of the parenthetical components in modern linguistics. The parenthetical constructions are considered as forms that are included in the sentence for expressing the emotional attitude of the speaker to the message. From the formal grammatical point of view the syntactical units are studied in isolation from the sentence. From the communicative point of view these units do not change the main modal meaning of the sentence but explain it, giving a special colour. The analysis shows that the attention of scholars was focused on the essence of parenthetically; on the functioning of the parenthetical units; on their analysis and semantics; on their correlation with the part of the sentence. The concept of «parenthetical» goes beyond the traditional syntax and it is the realization of expression which belongs to the specificity of not only a particular style, but also a particular author. The paper analyzes the works of Ukrainian linguists based on the study of the special status of parenthetical units; their facultative nature; the structural organization of sentences with the definite syntactic components; their position in the sentence; the semantics of parenthetical constructions; the communicative and textual potential of these units. Now the question of parenthetical words goes beyond the limits of the traditional syntax, since it represents an implementation of a statement plan related to the specifics of not only a certain style, but also of a certain author, therefore studying this phenomenon in linguistics remains relevant in the future.

An analysis of the achievements of Ukraine as a result of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, as well as the limitations that indicate the need to update it in accordance with new challenges and challenges. The article contains proposals of experts of the Institute of Industrial Economics on appropriate amendments to the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, concerning Chapter V “Economic and sectoral cooperation”, namely Ukraine’s integration into the European Research Area (Chapter 9 “Cooperation in Science and Technology”) and integration of Ukraine’s environmental policy in the field of industrial and regional policy of the state (Chapter 6 “Environment”). In particular, proposals were made to include in Chapter 9 the following provisions: approval of research institutions of Ukraine as important subjects of the European Research Area; coordination of Ukraine’s scientific policy with EU scientific policy; active participation of universities, National and branch academies of sciences of Ukraine in European scientific and technical cooperation; joint use and development of the European research infrastructure, integration into the European cloud of open science. The expediency of supplementing Chapter 6 with provisions on the development and deepening of cooperation in the field of revitalization of abandoned and abandoned industrial facilities has been substantiated in the framework of the improvement of the Association Agreement signed with the EU. Recommendations are also provided for Section III “Justice, Freedom and Security” to increase the level of social protection of workers in the context of Ukraine’s integration into the EU digital market (Article 17 “Treatment of employees”).

The article deals with the problem of determining the criteria for assessing the level basics of economic literacy of schoolchildren. The article examines the available pedagogical tools that allow characterizing the level of economic literacy formation, analyzes the existing formulations of this concept, and gives its own definition of the term "economic literacy". A list of necessary tools and methods for the formation of economic literacy is provided. Research result: the authors give criteria for evaluating the indicator of economic literacy formation.

Seismogenic nodes, able to locate earthquakes with magnitudes M equal or higher than 6 (M6+), are identified for the territory of Bulgaria and adjacent areas. Definition of nodes is based on morphostructural zonation. Pattern recognition algorithm Cora-3 is applied to identify the seismogenic nodes, characterized by specific geological, geophysical and morphological data. The pattern recognition algorithm is trained on information for 30 seismic events M6+ for the period 29 B.C. – 2020, selected from historical and instrumental Bulgarian earthquake catalogues. These events are associated with 16 "training" nodes. Totally we have recognized 56 seismogenic nodes, most of them in southwestern Bulgaria.The analysis of the identified seismic nodes shows that in addition to the initial 16 "training" nodes, about 20 ones may be associated with the already observed seismicity. Some of these nodes may be related with documented seismicity, which is not taken into account to select the “training” nodes. Other seimogenic nodes are close to (but do not include) some historical earthquakes, whose location or magnitude is not precise enough.There has not been registered seismic activity M6+ in the vicinity of other 20 seismogenic nodes. To consider a certain inaccuracy in the determination of the earthquake magnitudes, in the analysis of these seismogenic nodes we take into account earthquakes with M higher than 5.8. In such a way the number of “inactive” until now seismogenic nodes decrease further. Several nodes can be related to seismic activity in the past, established by geological research. But a significant part of seismic nodes remains, which cannot be associated with any seismic manifestations. This is a sign of possible future earthquakes M6+ near these nodes.It should be noted that 3 of the earthquakes M6+ in the twentieth century were not close to any seismogenic node. This may be due to several reasons among which are: hidden tectonic structures, gaps in the morphostructural zonation or an inaccurate magnitude of the earthquake’s catalogue data.Acknowledgements. This study is partly funded by Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR) according to the research projects 20-55-18008 and by Bulgarian National Science Fund, research project KP-06-Russia-29/16.12.2020.

The relevance of this study is due to the specifics of the subculture global context, supplemented by a semantic paradigm determined by the linguistic and cultural traditions and the social and cultural background of the Russian language community. The study aims to identify the perception of proper names in rap texts, their axiological understanding as cultural dominants that make up the individual cognitive base. Based on the conducted research, the proper name property to act as metaphorical intertextual signs of conceptualization and categorization of the real world, inherent for rap discourse, has been established.

The paper addresses the issue of the migration-terrorism intersection. Research indicates that immigration does not unconditionally promote terrorism in European countries but the article also draws our attention to the problem of radicalisation of immigrants in receiving countries. At the same time, it is reported that the fear over immigrants made them targets of terrorist attacks by far-right natives. It is specially noted that the ‘securitization’ of migration is potentially counterproductive. It is stressed that a balanced approach to migration and counterterrorism migration policies is needed.

Māszinības Veselības aprūpe Nursing Studies Health Care Bakalaura darba tēma - “Liepājas iedzīvotāju viedoklis par māsas profesijas prestižu”. Pētījuma mērķis - noskaidrot un salīdzināt Liepājas iedzīvotāju viedokli par māsas profesijas prestižu. Medicīnas māsa ir viena no senākajām un pieprasītākajām profesijām. Dažkārt māsu darbs tiek novērtēts par zemu un tas bieži tiek saistīts ar profesijas prestižu. Darbs satur teorētisko daļu, kas sastāv no divām sadaļām. Teorētiskā daļa sniedz informāciju par māsas profesijas vēsturi, māsas profesionālo lomu, profesijas prestižu un māsu profesijas prestiža novērtējumu no sabiedrības viedokļa. Pētnieciskajā daļā tiek aprakstītas pētījumā izmantotās metodes, pētījuma izlase, instrumentārijs, darba gaita un statistiska analīze. Pētījumā tiek izmantota autores veidota anketa. Izvirzītais kritērijs ir noskaidrot māsu profesijas prestiža uztveri no dažādu paaudžu skatījuma. Galvenie secinājumi - aptaujātie respondenti labi novērtē māsu profesiju un lielāka daļā ieteiktu studēt māszinības sev tuvam cilvēkam. Atšķirība viedokļos par māsu profesijas prestiža ietekmējošiem un veicinošiem faktoriem starp vecuma grupām vairāk svārstās starp jauniešiem un senioriem. Bakalaura darbs sastāv no 35 lappusēm, kurā iekļautas 2 teorētiskās nodaļas, praktiskā daļa, izmantoti 40 literatūras avoti, 6 attēli, 7 tabulas un 11 pielikumi. Atslēgas vārdi – māsu darbs, profesijas prestižs, faktori, sabiedrības viedoklis. Topic of the bachelor's thesis - "The opinion of residents of Liepaja on the prestige of the nursing profession". Aim of the research - establish and compare the opinion of residents of Liepaja on the prestige of the nursing profession. Nursing is one of the oldest and sought after professions. The work of nurses is sometimes underestimated and is often associated with the prestige of the profession. This thesis contains a theoretical part consisting of two sections. Theoretical part provides information about the history of nursing, professional role of nursing, prestige of profession and an evaluation of prestige of nursing profession from the public point of view. The research part describes the methods used in the research, sample of the research, research tools, workflow and statistical analysis. In this study a questionnaire created by the author is used. The set criteria is to find out what is the perception of the prestige of the nursing profession from the point of view of different generations. Main conclusions - the surveyed respondents evaluate the nursing profession well and most of them would recommend studying nursing to a close person. Differences in opinions on the factors influencing and contributing to the prestige of the nursing profession between age groups is fluctuating more between young people and seniors. The bachelor's thesis consists of 35 pages, which includes 2 theoretical chapters, a practical part, 40 literature sources, 6 figures, 7 tables and 11 appendices. Keywords - nursing, prestige of profession, factors, public opinion.