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Oxidative stress, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, is a key mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Both carnosine and lipoic acid are potent antioxidants, the applicability of which in therapy is hindered by their limited bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of a nanomicellar complex of carnosine and lipoic acid (CLA) in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD. Parkinsonism was induced via the administration of 2 mg/kg rotenone over the course of 18 days. Two doses of intraperitoneal CLA (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) were administered alongside rotenone to assess its neuroprotective effect. At 25 mg/kg CLA decreased muscle rigidity and partially restored locomotor activity in animals that received rotenone. Furthermore, it caused an overall increase in brain tissue antioxidant activity, accompanied by a 19% increase in neuron density in the substantia nigra and increased dopamine levels in the striatum relative to animals that only received rotenone. Based on the acquired results, it may be concluded that CLA have neuroprotective properties and could potentially be beneficial in PD treatment when used in conjunction with the base therapy.

1. Wind turbines and power lines can cause bird mortality due to collision or electrocution. The biodiversity impacts of energy infrastructure (EI) can be minimised through effective landscape-scale planning and mitigation. The identification of high-vulnerability areas is urgently needed to assess potential cumulative impacts of EI while supporting the transition to zero carbon energy.2. We collected GPS location data from 1,454 birds from 27 species susceptible to collision within Europe and North Africa and identified areas where tracked birds are most at risk of colliding with existing EI. Sensitivity to EI development was estimated for wind turbines and power lines by calculating the proportion of GPS flight locations at heights where birds were at risk of collision and accounting for species' specific susceptibility to collision. We mapped the maximum collision sensitivity value obtained across all species, in each 5 × 5 km grid cell, across Europe and North Africa. Vulnerability to collision was obtained by overlaying the sensitivity surfaces with density of wind turbines and transmission power lines.3. Results: Exposure to risk varied across the 27 species, with some species flying consistently at heights where they risk collision. For areas with sufficient tracking data within Europe and North Africa, 13.6% of the area was classified as high sensitivity to wind turbines and 9.4% was classified as high sensitivity to transmission power lines. Sensitive areas were concentrated within important migratory corridors and along coastlines. Hotspots of vulnerability to collision with wind turbines and transmission power lines (2018 data) were scattered across the study region with highest concentrations occurring in central Europe, near the strait of Gibraltar and the Bosporus in Turkey.4. Synthesis and applications. We identify the areas of Europe and North Africa that are most sensitive for the specific populations of birds for which sufficient GPS tracking data at high spatial resolution were available. We also map vulnerability hotspots where mitigation at existing EI should be prioritised to reduce collision risks. As tracking data availability improves our method could be applied to more species and areas to help reduce bird-EI conflicts. published

BackgroundTo conserve bird species threatened by climate change, it is important to understand how environmental factors affected by climate change, such as snow cover, impact their ranges. While this problem is fairly well understood for breeding areas, it remains poorly understood for non-breeding areas. In non-breeding areas, seasonal cycles can strongly influence the distribution of resources during winter. If birds adapt to such changes, they may result in seasonal and directional movement of birds within their non-breeding range. In this case, birds would experience a unique migration pattern - rapid migration between breeding and non-breeding habitats versus a slow migration pattern within their non-breeding range. Their non-breeding range would therefore be dynamic, with potentially important consequences for our understanding of population densities and non-breeding ranges.MethodsBetween 2013-2021, we tracked 43 adult Rough-legged buzzards with solar GPS-GSM loggers. We analyzed their behavior, determined whether the birds showed any directional return migrations during the non-breeding season, and evaluated the differences between the slow migration within their winter range and the quick migration between breeding and non-breeding areas. We also analyzed the vegetation cover of the areas crossed during quick and slow migrations and the role of snow cover in winter migrations.ResultsOur findings revealed that after a quick fall migration through the taiga zone, Rough-legged buzzards continue to migrate during the non-breeding season, albeit at a slower pace across the wooded fields they select as habitat. They avoid complete snow cover and move to escape the progression of the snow cover line from northeast to southwest and back during the winter. As a consequence, Rough-legged buzzards have a dynamic winter range. Thus, the migration pattern of these birds comprises alternating quick and slow phases, resembling the foxtrot dance, which we have named the ‘foxtrot’ migration pattern. Due to this pattern, their winter range displays a dynamic shift of the seasonal center of the population distribution over 1000 km towards the southwest and back throughout the winter.ConclusionsOur study uncovered a novel bird migration pattern postulated to exist before but poorly understood. This ‘foxtrot migration’ likely occurs in many migratory species inhabiting winter areas with pronounced seasonal cycles. Our findings have implications for conservation efforts in the Anthropocene, where environmental factors such as snow cover can change rapidly and have cascading effects on bird migration. We recommend presenting dynamic winter ranges in species descriptions and range maps so ecologists can use them to develop effective conservation strategies.

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Die Machbarkeit und Modellhaftigkeit eines App-basierten Eltern-Registers ist aufzuzeigen. Methodik Die FeverApp als interaktives Erfassungsinstrument und die zugrundeliegende Datenstruktur des Registers werden vorgestellt. Die bisherigen Rekrutierungsbemühungen werden veranschaulicht und die Temperaturverteilung, sowie die Verteilung von Fieberereignissen im Jahr 2020 werden analysiert. Ergebnisse Die FeverApp sammelt erfolgreich Daten in ein zentrales Register. Wie jede Studie informiert sie zudem über das aktuelle Wissen. Die naturalistisch erfassten, aktuellen Werte können auf die Krankheitssituation mehrere Ebenen (Messung, Fieberphase, Individuum, Familie, Praxis, Land) in Bezug auf die Krankheitssituation darstellen. Die Methoden zur Datensammlung müssen Pandemie-bedingt flexibel entwickelt werden. Das erste Rekrutierungsziel von 2400 Fieberphasen in den ersten zwei Jahren wurde erreicht, die landesweite Verbreitung steht noch aus. Es zeigt sich, dass die Körpertemperatur nicht unbegrenzt steigt; Fieber erreicht im Mittel 39 Grad auch ohne Antipyretika, wobei in seltenen Fällen auch Temperaturen jenseits von 41 Grad ohne Schäden erreicht werden. Weiterhin lässt sich im Vergleich mit einer Referenzpraxis zeigen, dass Fieberphasen in der App umfassender erfasst werden können, d. h. inklusive Infekte, die nicht zur Vorstellung in der Kinderpraxis kommen. So erfüllt die FeverApp den Einsatz von Registern modellhaft bei an sich Gesunden mit Infekten und bildet eine Mehrebenendiagnostik ab. Schlussfolgerung Die FeverApp konnte sich als unterstützendes Werkzeug grundsätzlich etablieren, das Register kann mit der eingesetzten Methode reliabel Daten erfassen und bildet die aktuelle Infektlage ab. Bei der Erforschung der Frage, wie sich Infekte in der Post-Covid- Zeit entwickeln, könnte die App eine wertvolle Aufgabe leisten.

Avian communities play a pivotal role in Arctic ecosystems and birds have become the key model taxa for climate change research. Due to funding priorities, Arctic passerines have been studied less intensively than waterfowl and shorebirds. In our study, we aim to partly fill this gap and look at the change in passerine community species composition in the Chaun River Delta in Northeast Siberia (68.81° N, 170.62° E) between 1970–1980 and 2002–2019. We restricted our comparison to 16 tundra-dwelling species associated with grass and shrub tundra habitats. During the first period, 12 passerine species were reported and by the end of the last period, 14 species. Our observations show that four species of shrub-dwelling passerines, the Dusky Warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus), two species of Turdus thrushes, and the Siberian Rubythroat (Calliope calliope), have joined the local community. Additionally, one Turdus thrush species increased in numbers. The only passerine species that used to be common in the 70’s and rare in the 2000s is the Lapland Bunting (Calcarius lapponicus). Yellow-breasted Bunting (Emberiza aureola, vagrant in 70’s) and Siberian Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus tristis, rare breeder in 70’s) have not been recorded during the most recent period. At the same time, there was no observed change in abundance for eight species of songbirds. The results of supervised satellite image classification did not detect any local-scale increase of shrub cover in our study site. However, a broad-scale assessment of vegetation change using NDVI suggests substantial greening or ‘shrubification’ across the region. We speculate that it promotes region-wide increases and range expansion of some shrub-dwelling species, recorded in our study.

Very few land bird species in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway regularly winter in Australia. One such species is the Pacific Swift Apus pacificus. Using light-level geolocators, we tracked the almost 10,000 km long journey of three individuals between Sakhalin Island (Russia) and Australia. Migrating individuals avoided prolonged sea crossings; both during the southward and northward migrations they performed detours, moving from Sakhalin to the nearest Asian continent (Primorie, Russia), reaching northern Australia via Indochina and the Indonesian archipelago. Southward migration duration was on average 12 days longer than northward migration, although stopover duration did not differ between boreal fall and spring. However, during the northward migration, swifts stopped much closer to the Australian wintering grounds (in Indonesia and around Vietnam) than during the southward migration (Southern China and Vietnam). We suggest that migration to and from Australia is rather challenging for an insectivorous terrestrial bird, particularly during northward migration, requiring adjustment of timing to match contrasting meteorological patterns: the dry season in Northern Australia, the end of the wet season in Indonesia, and the start of the wet season in Indochina. Furthermore, swifts must cope with delayed phenological spring in Northeast Asia, possibly causing them to wait at Southeast Asian stopover sites before rapidly reaching Sakhalin breeding grounds in the early boreal summer.

International audience; Tree stems undergo a massive secondary growth in which secondary xylem and phloem tissues arise from the vascular cambium. Vascular cambium activity is driven by endogenous developmental signalling cues and environmental stimuli. Current knowledge regarding the genetic regulation of cambium activity and secondary growth is still far from complete. The tropical Cannabaceae tree Parasponia andersonii is a non-legume research model of nitrogen-fixing root nodulation. Parasponia andersonii can be transformed efficiently, making it amenable for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated reverse genetics. We considered whether P. andersonii also could be used as a complementary research system to investigate tree-related traits, including secondary growth. We established a developmental map of stem secondary growth in P. andersonii plantlets. Subsequently, we showed that the expression of the co-transcriptional regulator PanNODULE ROOT1 (PanNOOT1) is essential for controlling this process. PanNOOT1 is orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (AtBOP1) and AtBOP2, which are involved in the meristem-to-organ-boundary maintenance. Moreover, in species forming nitrogen-fixing root nodules, NOOT1 is known to function as a key nodule identity gene. Parasponia andersonii CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function Pannoot1 mutants are altered in the development of the xylem and phloem tissues without apparent disturbance of the cambium organization and size. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of key secondary growth-related genes is significantly down-regulated in Pannoot1 mutants. This allows us to conclude that PanNOOT1 positively contributes to the regulation of stem secondary growth. Our work also demonstrates that P. andersonii can serve as a tree research system.

Summary Arguably, symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have the broadest host range of all fungi, being able to intracellularly colonise root cells in the vast majority of all land plants. This raises the question how AM fungi effectively deal with the immune systems of such a widely diverse range of plants.Here, we studied the role of a nuclear‐localisation signal‐containing effector from Rhizophagus irregularis, called Nuclear Localised Effector1 (RiNLE1), that is highly and specifically expressed in arbuscules.We showed that RiNLE1 is able to translocate to the host nucleus where it interacts with the plant core nucleosome protein histone 2B (H2B). RiNLE1 is able to impair the mono‐ubiquitination of H2B, which results in the suppression of defence‐related gene expression and enhanced colonisation levels.This study highlights a novel mechanism by which AM fungi can effectively control plant epigenetic modifications through direct interaction with a core nucleosome component. Homologues of RiNLE1 are found in a range of fungi that establish intimate interactions with plants, suggesting that this type of effector may be more widely recruited to manipulate host defence responses.

Space-based tracking technology using low-cost miniature tags is now delivering data on fine-scale animal movement at near-global scale. Linked with remotely sensed environmental data, this offers a biological lens on habitat integrity and connectivity for conservation and human health; a global network of animal sentinels of environmental change. Publisher PDF

Weather ultimately affects avian migration. The significance of meteorological variables is relatively well known for flights of migrants and for departure/landing decisions at stopover sites. Success of migration greatly depends on storage of fat and body mass gain at stopovers; however, the influence of weather on refueling at stopovers is surprisingly poorly studied. We tested the hypothesis that body mass change of European Robins during their migratory stopovers is affected by meteorological factors (air temperature, precipitations, surface wind speed), along with other ecological variables. We used data on body mass change in 9743 individuals (5147in spring and 4587 in the fall) captured and recaptured within the same day on the Courish Spit of the Baltic Sea in 1994–2003. Fuel deposition rate in Robins was positively associated with air temperature and with higher amount of precipitation. Wind speed did not influence the refueling efficiency of our study species. Also, fuel deposition rate of Robins was affected by age (higher in adults than in first-year birds), negatively influenced by the number of conspecifics at stopover, influenced by the progress of the season (negatively in spring and positively in fall), and negatively influenced by initial energy reserves of migrants, when birds in poor energy condition were more likely to gain weight than birds with large fuel stores. This study shows that refueling of Robins on migration stopovers is substantially affected by meteorological factors that should be taken in to account for comprehensive understanding of stopover ecology and migration strategy of songbird migrants.

It is investigated the problem of the construction of the integral concept of the consciousness, whose multidimensionality caused multivariance and, as a result, the fragmentariness of its philosophical interpretations. In this regard recognized heuristic concepts are, developed by representatives of anthropological school. It is substantiated the productivity of the idea of natural uncertainty of man, which allows to represent consciousness as a way of self-building of man.

Children and underage teenagers use the Internet not only for communication. So, for 2020, children aged five to seven years in half of cases use the network to play online games, at the age of eight to eleven years, this figure increases to 78%, and underage teenagers play online games in 80% of cases. According to the Ofcom article "Children and parents: media use and attitudes report 2021/22", already 30% of children under seven use messengers and social media applications, 93% use online video platforms such as YouTube, 33% watch online streams, and 88% watch TV and use the video on demand system. The older the children get, the greater the percentage of them use the Internet. Thus, the issues of protecting children from destructive information from the Internet are relevant. The article provides an analytical review of modern software solutions for the protection of children and adolescents such as SafeKiddo Parental Control, mSpy, Kids Place, KidLogger. In addition, the description of the developed software product is carried out, which allows detecting destructive content that can negatively affect children, as well as introducing new prohibited links and words.

The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) are top avian predators of Arctic ecosystems. Although existing monitoring efforts are well established for both species, collaboration of activities among Arctic scientists actively involved in research of large falcons in the Nearctic and Palearctic has been poorly coordinated. Here we provide the first overview of Arctic falcon monitoring sites, present trends for long-term occupancy and productivity, and summarize information describing abundance, distribution, phenology, and health of the two species. We summarize data for 24 falcon monitoring sites across the Arctic, and identify gaps in coverage for eastern Russia, the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, and East Greenland. Our results indicate that peregrine falcon and gyrfalcon populations are generally stable, and assuming that these patterns hold beyond the temporal and spatial extents of the monitoring sites, it is reasonable to suggest that breeding populations at broader scales are similarly stable. We have highlighted several challenges that preclude direct comparisons of Focal Ecosystem Components (FEC) attributes among monitoring sites, and we acknowledge that methodological problems cannot be corrected retrospectively, but could be accounted for in future monitoring. Despite these drawbacks, ample opportunity exists to establish a coordinated monitoring program for Arctic-nesting raptor species that supports CBMP goals.

Authors of the paper explore the problem of developing applied mathematical competences of students from an economics college under conditions of the contemporary digital economy. Individual competences form various systems of capabilities and manifest themselves at various levels when solving academic and professional tasks relevant for the individual. Teaching mathematical disciplines can intentionally develop certain students’ competences. Passive, active and interactive ways of teaching mathematics and its applied aspects to students create conditions for developing intellectual competences. Contemporary digital economy requires the integration of mathematical and computer modeling into a single whole to solve complex production tasks. Development of production and society in the twenty first century shapes a certain kind of thinking among students – good perception of fragments within massive information flows and simultaneously complications with establishing logical links. Students are currently challenged to create abstract models of real processes and phenomena. They are hard put to perform mathematical operations without using computing devices when solving applied tasks. This is related to the fact that such activity requires a theoretical type of thinking. The pedagogical task is finding the ways of developing applied mathematical competences required for successful adaptation in the information and technology space.

To demonstrate the feasibility and exemplarity of an app-based parent registry.The app as an elaborated interactive electronic case report form and the underlying data structure of the registry are presented. The initial recruitment efforts are illustrated and the temperature distribution, as well as the distribution of fever events in 2020, are analyzed.The FeverApp successfully collects data into a central registry. Like every study, it also provides information on the current knowledge. The ecological momentary assessment can represent the illness situation at several levels (measurement, fever episode, individual, family, practice, country). Methods for data collection needed to be developed in a flexible manner due to pandemic conditions. The initial recruitment goal of 2400 fever phases in the first two years was met, with nationwide dissemination pending. It is shown that body temperature does not rise indefinitely; fevers reach an average of 39 degrees without antipyretics, although in rare cases temperatures beyond 41 degrees are reached without harm. Furthermore, a comparison with a reference practice shows that fever episodes can be recorded more comprehensively in the app, including infections that do not come to the presentation in a pediatrician's office. Thus, the FeverApp fulfills in a model-like fashion the use of registers in persons basically healthy and maps a multi-level diagnostics.The FeverApp could basically establish itself as a supporting tool, the registry can reliably collect data with the method used and maps the current infection situation. In researching the question of how infections develop in the post-Covid period, the app could perform an important task.Die Machbarkeit und Modellhaftigkeit eines App-basierten Eltern-Registers ist aufzuzeigen.Die FeverApp als interaktives Erfassungsinstrument und die zugrundeliegende Datenstruktur des Registers werden vorgestellt. Die bisherigen Rekrutierungsbemühungen werden veranschaulicht und die Temperaturverteilung, sowie die Verteilung von Fieberereignissen im Jahr 2020 werden analysiert.Die FeverApp sammelt erfolgreich Daten in ein zentrales Register. Wie jede Studie informiert sie zudem über das aktuelle Wissen. Die naturalistisch erfassten, aktuellen Werte können auf die Krankheitssituation mehrere Ebenen (Messung, Fieberphase, Individuum, Familie, Praxis, Land) in Bezug auf die Krankheitssituation darstellen. Die Methoden zur Datensammlung müssen Pandemie-bedingt flexibel entwickelt werden. Das erste Rekrutierungsziel von 2400 Fieberphasen in den ersten zwei Jahren wurde erreicht, die landesweite Verbreitung steht noch aus. Es zeigt sich, dass die Körpertemperatur nicht unbegrenzt steigt; Fieber erreicht im Mittel 39 Grad auch ohne Antipyretika, wobei in seltenen Fällen auch Temperaturen jenseits von 41 Grad ohne Schäden erreicht werden. Weiterhin lässt sich im Vergleich mit einer Referenzpraxis zeigen, dass Fieberphasen in der App umfassender erfasst werden können, d. h. inklusive Infekte, die nicht zur Vorstellung in der Kinderpraxis kommen. So erfüllt die FeverApp den Einsatz von Registern modellhaft bei an sich Gesunden mit Infekten und bildet eine Mehrebenendiagnostik ab.Die FeverApp konnte sich als unterstützendes Werkzeug grundsätzlich etablieren, das Register kann mit der eingesetzten Methode reliabel Daten erfassen und bildet die aktuelle Infektlage ab. Bei der Erforschung der Frage, wie sich Infekte in der Post-Covid- Zeit entwickeln, könnte die App eine wertvolle Aufgabe leisten.

Flying over the open sea is energetically costly for terrestrial birds. Despite this, over-water journeys of many birds, sometimes hundreds of kilometres long, are uncovered by bio-logging technology. To understand how these birds afford their flights over the open sea, we investigated the role of atmospheric conditions, specifically wind and uplift, in subsidizing over-water flight at a global scale. We first established that ΔT, the temperature difference between sea surface and air, is a meaningful proxy for uplift over water. Using this proxy, we showed that the spatio-temporal patterns of sea-crossing in terrestrial migratory birds are associated with favourable uplift conditions. We then analysed route selection over the open sea for five facultative soaring species, representative of all major migratory flyways. The birds maximized wind support when selecting their sea-crossing routes and selected greater uplift when suitable wind support was available. They also preferred routes with low long-term uncertainty in wind conditions. Our findings suggest that, in addition to wind, uplift may play a key role in the energy seascape for bird migration that in turn determines strategies and associated costs for birds crossing ecological barriers such as the open sea

The Circumpolar North has been changing rapidly within the last decades, and the socioeconomic systems of the Eurasian Arctic and Siberia in particular have displayed the most dramatic changes. Here, anthropogenic drivers of environmental change such as migration and industrialization are added to climate-induced changes in the natural environment such as permafrost thawing and increased frequency of extreme events. Understanding and adapting to both types of changes are important to local and indigenous peoples in the Arctic and for the wider global community due to transboundary connectivity. As local and indigenous peoples, decision-makers and scientists perceive changes and impacts differently and often fail to communicate efficiently to respond to changes adequately, we convened a meeting of the three groups in Salekhard in 2017. The outcomes of the meeting include perceptions of how the three groups each perceive the main issues affecting health and well-being and recommendations for working together better. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-019-01277-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Die subjektive Gesundheit hangt meist mit dem objektiven Gesundheitsstatus zusammen. Mehrere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Studierende der Therapieberufe und Medizin fur Nacken und Ruckenschmerzen pradisponiert sind und unter Gratifikationskrisen leiden konnen. Eine Gratifikationskrise ist eine spezifische Belastungskonstellation mit hoher Verausgabung und niedriger Belohnung. Dauerhafte oder wiederkehrende Erfahrungen von Gratifikationskrisen bei Studierenden, haben ausgepragte Stressreaktionen und die damit verbundenen Gesundheitsrisiken zur Folge. Deskriptive Darstellung und hierarchische Regressionsanalyse des Zusammenhangs von muskuloskelettalen Beschwerden (MSB), Gratifikationskrisen, sozialen Ressourcen und der subjektiven Gesundheit von Studierenden wurden zum Ziel gemacht. Die Befragung bei Studierenden der Hochschule fur Gesundheit Bochum, die im SS 2018 eingeschrieben waren (n = 1168), erfolgte mittels SoSci-Survey unter dem Einsatz von standardisierten Instrumenten und wurde mit Programm R analysiert. Datensatze von 302 Studierenden konnten fur die Analyse genutzt werden (Rucklaufquote 26 %). Die starksten MSB waren im Hals/Nacken, in der Schulter, im oberen und unteren Rucken. Insgesamt hat die Gruppe „39 Jahre und alter“ die hochsten Schmerzwerte (auser Unterarm/Handgelenk und Unterschenkel/Fus). Studenten, die mehr Schmerzen im Nacken und im unteren Rucken haben und zu der ubersteigerten Verausgabungsneigung tendieren, schatzen ihre subjektive Gesundheit schlechter ein. Diese Ergebnisse sind besonders beunruhigend fur eine Gruppe, die ihre Karriere in den Gesundheitsberufen gerade beginnt. Die Nacken- und Ruckenschmerzen konnen die berufliche Langlebigkeit gefahrden und den bereits prognostizierten Arbeitskraftemangel verstarken. Masnahmen zur Reduzierung von MSB sowie zur Meisterung der psychologischen Herausforderungen des Studiums sollten in die Lehrplane aufgenommen werden, um die zukunftigen Mitarbeiter*innen im Gesundheitssektor zu schutzen.

Equilibria of methylated N-confused platform of 2-N-methyl-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4′-sulfophenyl)-2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin tetraanion HMeIP(PhSO3H)4 platform diprotonation by perchloric acid in water, H– and J-aggregates self-assembly were investigated using synchronous UV–Vis-fluorescence-pH titration and DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) calculations. Methylation of inverted pyrrole ring in H2IP(PhSO3−)4 allows to fix the tautomer HMeIP(PhSO3−)4 with external NH-proton. Intramolecular tightness causes formation of two bifurcated NHN IMHB between pyrrole hydrogen and pyrrolenine nitrogen of platform HMeIP(PhSO3−)4. IMHB protect intramolecular centers of hydrogen bonding from intermolecular interactions. First stage of HМеIP(PhSO3−)4 protonation is accompanied by bifurcated IMHB type change from NHN to HNH. On the second protonation stage IMHB are broken and intermolecular hydrogen bonds with solvent molecules are formed. Diprotonated H3МеIP2+(PhSO3−)4 platform is a flexible 1,3-alternate, possessed molecular and anion receptor properties. Equilibrium in the second stage of protonation in water is completely shifted to the aquacomplex, which is formed due to hydrogen and electrostatic binding of the solvent molecules at the both receptor sites. Methylation and invertion of pyrrole ring leads to HMeIP(PhSO3−)4 proton affinity increasing and eliminated the phenomena of synchronous H2P(PhSO3−)4 porphyrin platform diprotonation, which is due to more stable aquacomplex [H4P2+(PhSO3−)4](H2O)2 formation. Initial tetraanion HMeIP(PhSO3−)4 and aquacomplex [H4IP2+(PhSO3−)4](H2O)2 are monomers of H- and J-aggregates self-assembly. Driving force of H-aggregates formation is the ionic self-assembly between sulfonate groups of monomers and spacer cations. J-aggregates self-assembly is due to formation of more stable anion complexes as a result of water molecules intermolecular substitution in [H3MeIP2+(PhSO3−)4](H2O)2 by monomers sulfonate groups. Protonated chitosan was used as a inducer and chiral scaffold of CW-H- and tubular CW-J-aggregates (porphyrin nanotubes) self-assembly. Parameters of CW-H- and CW-J-dimers geometry were calculated and 3D models of H-aggregates and porphyrin nanotubes were developed on their basis.

The article deals with such concepts as “offline environment” and “online status”. New types of migration processes in the digital space are revealed. The trends associated with stratification of society such as the transition from exclusion to inclusion and the impact of this transition to the educational space are outlined. As part of the impact of digital technologies on the social world, the changes that occur with the classical stratification criteria: income, power and profession are considered. In terms of income we are talking about such a concept as “cryptocurrency” (digital decentralized money); in terms of power the information society and the possibility of using false information to influence certain social processes, which makes the presence of formal power is not so effective, - are considered; in the part of the profession the huge mass of knowledge that is contained in the Internet and that the modern education system is not able to provide tools for navigation in this mass of knowledge, - are discussed. The main directions of changes in the cognitive and communicative aspects of communication, the negative consequences of the preference of the online environment to live communication and the impact on human mental activity, the development of addictive trends in communication by means of digital technologies, scenarios of conflict situations in the digital communication space and their impact on the social life of an individual are reviewed. Revealed the possible scenarios of the impact of the lack of non-verbal component and the critical thinking on coding and decoding of a particular information message.

Muskuloskelletale Beschwerden (MSB) sind auch bei Studierenden der Therapieberufe und Pflege verbreitet. MSB im Nacken, im unteren Rucken und in der Schulter sind am haufigsten. Berufsbedingte Gesundheitsbeschwerden konnen Absichten, Beruf oder Studiengang zu wechseln, bei (kunftigen) Angehorigen der Gesundheitsberufe verstarken. Wie verbreitet sind MSB bei Studierenden? Wie unterscheiden sich Schmerzwerte nach dem Alter der Studierenden? Unterscheiden sich Studierende, die „nie“ oder „schon mal“ nachgedacht haben, das Studium zu wechseln oder abzubrechen, hinsichtlich der MSB? Online-Befragung aller Studierenden der Hochschule fur Gesundheit Bochum (n = 1168; 11. bis 30. Juni 2018) mit standardisierten Fragebogen zur Erhebung der korperlichen Beschwerden (Skala 0–90) und mit Fragen zum Abbruch des Studiums oder Wechselabsichten sowie demografischen Daten. Analyse der Daten erfolgt mit R-Version 3.4.1 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Wien, Osterreich). 300 Studierende haben teilgenommen (Rucklaufquote 26 %). Die hochsten Schmerzwerte (0–90) hatten Studierende im Hals/Nacken 14,84 (SD = 20,72), im unteren Rucken 9,98 (SD = 18,74), in der Schulter 9,82 (SD = 19,62) und im oberen Rucken 8,26 (SD = 16,96). Auser Unterarm/Handgelenk sowie Unterschenkel/Fus hat die Gruppe mit „39 und alter“ die hochsten Schmerzwerte. Studierende, die „schon mal“ gedacht haben, das Studium aufzugeben, hatten signifikant grosere Beschwerden in Hals/Nacken, oberen Rucken, Unterarm/Handgelenk, Knie und Unterschenkel/Fus. Ein signifikanter Unterschied im Schmerzausmas zwischen den Gruppen, die „nie“ und „schon mal“ gedacht haben, das Studium zu wechseln, ist nur fur den oberen Rucken festzustellen. Durch intensive korperliche Anstrengungen in manchen praktischen Studiumsphasen konnen korperliche Beschwerden in Verbindung mit anderen Faktoren ggf. die Absicht verstarken, das Studium abzubrechen oder zu wechseln. Diese Studie schliest eine Wissenslucke, indem sie die Studiumsabbruch- oder Wechselabsichten in Verbindung mit MSB erforscht.

There is the emission problem of hazardous substances such as nitrogen oxides, carbon oxide and soot into inner space of tunnel with heated air while using of gas-turbine engines as heat ventilating equipment for long railway tunnels in conditions of harsh continental climate of Siberian and Far East. In the investigation working parameters of gas-turbine equipment based on jet engine D-36 is determined. The analysis of hazardous substance emissions for two specific working modes is carried out. It is educed that the concentration of nitrogen oxides located at ventilating flow from the equipment, working at nominal mode, do not exceed standards of maximal permissible concentrations for railway tunnels. Parameters of the surrounding air, discharged into the tunnel, for dilution of ventilating flow with high content of nitrogen oxides to standard of MPC is determined.

The legume-rhizobium symbiosis results in nitrogen-fixing root nodules, and their formation involves both intracellular infection initiated in the epidermis and nodule organogenesis initiated in inner root cell layers. NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) is a nodule-specific transcription factor essential for both processes. These NIN-regulated processes occur at different times and locations in the root, demonstrating a complex pattern of spatiotemporal regulation. We show that regulatory sequences sufficient for the epidermal infection process are located within a 5 kb region directly upstream of the NIN start codon in Medicago truncatula. Furthermore, we identify a remote upstream cis-regulatory region required for the expression of NIN in the pericycle, and we show that this region is essential for nodule organogenesis. This region contains putative cytokinin response elements and is conserved in eight more legume species. Both the cytokinin receptor 1, which is essential for nodule primordium formation, and the B-type response regulator RR1 are expressed in the pericycle in the susceptible zone of the uninoculated root. This, together with the identification of the cytokinin-responsive elements in the NIN promoter, strongly suggests that NIN expression is initially triggered by cytokinin signaling in the pericycle to initiate nodule primordium formation.

The FeverApp Registry is a model registry focusing on pediatric fever using a mobile app to collect data and present recommendations. The recorded interactions can clarify the relationship between user documentation and user information. This initial evaluation regarding features of participants and usage intensity of educational video, information library, and documentation of fever events covers the runtime of FeverApp for the first 14 months. Of the 1592 users, the educational opening video was viewed by 41.5%, the Info Library was viewed by 37.5%, and fever events were documented by 55.5%. In the current sample, the role of a mother (p &lt, 0.0090), having a higher level of education (p = 0.0013), or being registered at an earlier date appear to be cues to take note of the training video, Info Library, and to document. The FeverApp was used slightly less by people with a lower level of education or who had a migration background, but at the current stage of recruitment no conclusion can be made. The user analyses presented here are plausible and should be verified with further dissemination of the registry. Ecological momentary assessment is used more than the information option, in line with the task of a registry. Data collection via app seems feasible.

The problem of pollution in the Arctic has been discussed for more than a decade, and it has become obvious that the economic activity of countries around the world leads to man-made pollution of the Arctic ecosystems. The Arctic nature is extremely vulnerable to contamination, which may lead to irreversible worldwide ecological processes in the future. The problem of environmental assessment in the Arctic and protecting this region from pollution and other negative impacts has become a priority for all neighboring countries of the Arctic. To assess the degree of environmental accumulated damage, studies have been conducted for the investigation of pollutants distribution in the Arctic region of Russia.

Summary NIN (NODULE INCEPTION) is a transcription factor that plays a key role during root nodule initiation. However, its role in later nodule developmental stages is unclear.Both NIN mRNA and protein accumulated at the highest level in the proximal part of the infection zone in Medicago truncatula nodules. Two nin weak allele mutants, nin‐13/16, form a rather normal nodule infection zone, whereas a fixation zone is not formed. Instead, a zone with defence responses and premature senescence occurred and symbiosome development gets arrested.Mutations in nin‐13/16 resulted in a truncated NIN lacking the conserved PB1 domain. However, this did not cause the nodule phenotype as nin mutants expressing NINΔPB1 formed wild‐type‐like nodule. The phenotype is likely to be caused by reduced NIN mRNA levels in the cytoplasm. Transcriptome analyses of nin‐16 nodules showed that expression levels of defence/senescence‐related genes are markedly increased, whereas the levels of defence suppressing genes are reduced. Although defence/senescence seems well suppressed in the infection zone, the transcriptome is already markedly changed in the proximal part of infection zone.In addition to its function in infection and nodule organogenesis, NIN also plays a major role at the transition from infection to fixation zone in establishing a functional symbiosis.

Legume and rhizobium species can establish a nitrogen-fixing nodule symbiosis. Previous studies have shown that several transcription factors that play a role in (lateral) root development are also involved in nodule development. Chromatin remodeling factors, like transcription factors, are key players in regulating gene expression. However, studies have not investigated whether chromatin remodeling genes that are essential for root development are also involved in nodule development. Here, we studied the role of Medicago (Medicago truncatula) histone deacetylases (MtHDTs) in nodule development. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) orthologs of HDTs have been shown to play a role in root development. MtHDT expression is induced in nodule primordia and is maintained in the nodule meristem and infection zone. Conditional, nodule-specific knockdown of MtHDT expression by RNAi blocks nodule primordium development. A few nodules may still form, but their nodule meristems are smaller, and rhizobial colonization of the cells derived from the meristem is markedly reduced. Although the HDTs are expressed during nodule and root development, transcriptome analyses indicate that HDTs control the development of each organ in a different manner. During nodule development, the MtHDTs positively regulate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase 1 (MtHMGR1). Decreased expression of MtHMGR1 is sufficient to explain the inhibition of primordium formation.