Search

The effects of physical activity on brain function, the mechanisms involved, adaptations, and clinical implications are topics of great importance given the increasingly common sedentary lifestyle. This paper explores these relationships, starting with the evolutionary aspects of brain development in the context of physical activity. It discusses a variety of forms of exercise, from intense exercise to daily NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis). A key issue is neuroplasticity, which plays an important role in adaptation to external stimuli. The article identifies key neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which are regulated by physical activity and contribute to improved cognitive function and mental health. The paper demonstrates the multifaceted effects of physical activity on neuroplasticity and brain health.

Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a growing global prevalence, significantly increasing the risk of numerous health conditions, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Its management requires a multifaceted approach that includes lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic interventions and, in severe cases, surgical treatments. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, using keywords: “obesity epidemiology”, “obesity consequences”, “obesity treatment”, “obesity pharmacology” Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide, with genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to its development. Effective obesity management involves personalized interventions, including dietary and behavioural changes, alongside pharmacological options like GLP-1 receptor agonists and naltrexone-bupropion. Surgical interventions are considered for severe cases. Emerging treatments, such as tirzepatide, targeting both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, show promising results. A comprehensive, individualized approach remains crucial for improving patient outcomes and addressing the global obesity epidemic.

Introduction and purpose: Sarcoidosis is a complex, multi – system disease characterized by the formation of non – caseating granulomas that can affect nearly every organ in the body, though lungs and lymph nodes are the most commonly involved. The disease's clinical presentation is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, organ-threatening manifestations, with significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study is to present current state of knowledge on clinical features, etiology, diagnosis and treatment methods of sarcoidosis. Materials and methods: The review is based on the analysis of literature available on Pubmed, Google Scholar and UpToDate databases. To search for relevant scientific content the following keywords were used: sarcoidosis, symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, neurosarcoidosis, cutaneous sarcoidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis, Löfgren syndrome. Conclusions: Despite numerous studies, the cause of sarcoidosis still remains unknown, which leaves a field for researchers for further investigation. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is challenging, it typically involves histological confirmation through biopsy, supported by imaging studies, laboratory tests and need to exclude other causes. Treatment is limited, focused on alleviating the symptoms and preventing organ failure, therefore further research into more effective or targeted therapies is advisable.

Menopause, which usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 56, is a natural biological condition that signifies the end of a woman's menstrual cycles. It is formally diagnosed after twelve months without a menstrual period, which indicates the end of ovarian function. Hormone fluctuations, especially a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels can lead to a range of emotional and physical issues. The most commonly reported symptoms include vasomotor symptoms and psychological alterations which can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. Many seek ways to manage or relieve them. On 15/11/2024, two databases (PubMed and GoogleScholar) were searched using the keywords “menopause” or “menopausal symptoms” and either “physical activity” or “exercise” or “sport”. Articles were included if they were published in English between 2020 and 2024, focused on the impact of physical exercise on menopause symptoms and quality of life. Only original research papers were considered. Studies focusing on patients with chronic diseases or oncological history were excluded as well as papers concerning only osteoporosis or urinary dysfunction. 21 studies were included in the review, comprising a total of 3,506 participants. Our review's main conclusions are as follows: Regular physical activity can help reduce menopausal symptoms and enhance quality of life. Resistance Exercise helps with physical and vasomotor symptoms, but it has little effect on cardiovascular health or long-term symptom reduction. Yoga is highly effective in reducing vasomotor, psychosocial, and physical symptoms, with long-term antioxidant benefits but limited effects on hormonal levels (FSH, DHEA-S). Multicomponent Exercise (e.g., team handball, resistance training) offers broad benefits for physical fitness, psychosocial well-being and vasomotor symptoms. Additionally, progressive muscle relaxation improves sleep quality and fatigue.

Introduction: Interest in the relationship between physical activity and skin health has grown significantly in recent years. Both scientific literature and media platforms highlight the influence of exercise on skin vitality, with social media often emphasizing its aesthetic benefits. Scientific studies, however, focus on mechanisms like improved circulation, enhanced collagen production, and reduced inflammation. This review aims to analyze the impact of physical activity on skin health, examining its benefits and potential drawbacks while providing a comprehensive understanding of the biological processes involved. Aim of the study: The study seeks to review scientific literature to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on skin health and condition. Materials and methods: The authors conducted a review of scientific literature using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, and Google Scholar. Articles from 2003 to 2024 were analyzed with keywords including physical activity and skin health, exercise and dermatology, skin metabolism, and exercise benefits for the skin. Only studies relevant to the relationship between physical activity and skin health were included. Results and conclusions: Physical activity significantly benefits skin health by boosting collagen production, improving circulation, and reducing cortisol levels, resulting in a radiant and youthful complexion. However, risks such as barrier damage, increased sebum production, and infections must be managed. Personalized skincare routines emphasizing cleansing, hydration, and protection against environmental factors are essential for individuals engaging in regular exercise.

Introduction: Nowadays, a plant-based diet is gaining increasing popularity. Guidance on adopting this diet can be found in scientific literature, as well as through social media and advertisements promoting a wide range of new products appearing on store shelves. By reviewing scientific sources, we decided to analyze the principles of a plant-based diet, its associated benefits, as well as the potential negative aspects of its implementation, particularly among athletes. Aim of the study: This review aims to analyse the literature concerning the impact of a plant- based diet on accomplishments, endurance, and health, especially for athletes. Materials and methods: The authors conducted an extensive review of available articles on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, UpToDate, Google Scholar, and Pubmed databases, using keywords such as vegan, vegetarian, plant-based,, civilization diseases, healthy lifestyle, athletes, strength, accomplishments, endurance. Studies accessed between 2016-2024 were included in this review. Results and conclusions: A plant-based diet is a valuable option for athletes, offering benefits such as improved recovery, reduced oxidative stress, and alignment with sustainable practices. When properly planned to address potential nutrient deficiencies, it can effectively support athletic performance, including strength and endurance, without compromising health. Thus, for athletes seeking ethical, health-conscious, or environmentally sustainable dietary patterns, a plant-based diet is indeed worth considering.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting women of reproductive age. Although surgical procedures such as conization or trachelectomy may offer the possibility of preserving fertility, they may also compromise cervical integrity, thereby increasing the risk of obstetric complications in subsequent pregnancies. This case report presents the management of a pregnant patient with a history of cervical cancer, thyroid dysfunction, and previous obstetric complications. The patient, a 38-year-old woman, conceived naturally after previous in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts. Despite a complex medical history, including two prior cervical conizations for stage IA1 G1 cervical glandular carcinoma, the patient underwent successful antenatal care, delivery, and postnatal management. This report highlights the multidisciplinary approach and challenges encountered in managing pregnancies in patients with a history of cervical cancer and previous obstetric complications.