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2. Analysing ecological networks of species interactions

Author

Delmas, Eva, Besson, Mathilde, Brice, Marie‐Hélène, Burkle, Laura A, Riva, Giulio V Dalla, Fortin, Marie‐Josée, Gravel, Dominique, Guimarães, Paulo R, Hembry, David H, Newman, Erica A, Olesen, Jens M, Pires, Mathias M, Yeakel, Justin D, and Poisot, Timothée

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Generic health relevance, ecological networks, interactions, graph theory, community ecology, biogeography, Evolutionary Biology, Biological sciences
Abstract

Network approaches to ecological questions have been increasingly used, particularly in recent decades. The abstraction of ecological systems - such as communities - through networks of interactions between their components indeed provides a way to summarize this information with single objects. The methodological framework derived from graph theory also provides numerous approaches and measures to analyze these objects and can offer new perspectives on established ecological theories as well as tools to address new challenges. However, prior to using these methods to test ecological hypotheses, it is necessary that we understand, adapt, and use them in ways that both allow us to deliver their full potential and account for their limitations. Here, we attempt to increase the accessibility of network approaches by providing a review of the tools that have been developed so far, with - what we believe to be - their appropriate uses and potential limitations. This is not an exhaustive review of all methods and metrics, but rather, an overview of tools that are robust, informative, and ecologically sound. After providing a brief presentation of species interaction networks and how to build them in order to summarize ecological information of different types, we then classify methods and metrics by the types of ecological questions that they can be used to answer from global to local scales, including methods for hypothesis testing and future perspectives. Specifically, we show how the organization of species interactions in a community yields different network structures (e.g., more or less dense, modular or nested), how different measures can be used to describe and quantify these emerging structures, and how to compare communities based on these differences in structures. Within networks, we illustrate metrics that can be used to describe and compare the functional and dynamic roles of species based on their position in the network and the organization of their interactions as well as associated new methods to test the significance of these results. Lastly, we describe potential fruitful avenues for new methodological developments to address novel ecological questions.

Published
2019

3. Climatic conditions and landscape diversity predict plant–bee interactions and pollen deposition in bee‐pollinated plants.

Author

Sydenham, Markus A. K., Dupont, Yoko L., Nielsen, Anders, Olesen, Jens M., Madsen, Henning B., Skrindo, Astrid B., Rasmussen, Claus, Nowell, Megan S., Venter, Zander S., Hegland, Stein Joar, Helle, Anders G., Skoog, Daniel I. J., Torvanger, Marianne S., Hanevik, Kaj‐Andreas, Hinderaker, Sven Emil, Paulsen, Thorstein, Eldegard, Katrine, Reitan, Trond, and Rusch, Graciela M.

Subjects
POLLEN, POLLINATION by insects, FLOWERING of plants, LOTUS corniculatus, PLANT diversity
Abstract

Climate change, landscape homogenization, and the decline of beneficial insects threaten pollination services to wild plants and crops. Understanding how pollination potential (i.e. the capacity of ecosystems to support pollination of plants) is affected by climate change and landscape homogenization is fundamental for our ability to predict how such anthropogenic stressors affect plant biodiversity. Models of pollinator potential are improved when based on pairwise plant–pollinator interactions and pollinator's plant preferences. However, whether the sum of predicted pairwise interactions with a plant within a habitat (a proxy for pollination potential) relates to pollen deposition on flowering plants has not yet been investigated. We sampled plant–bee interactions in 68 Scandinavian plant communities in landscapes of varying land‐cover heterogeneity along a latitudinal temperature gradient of 4–8°C, and estimated pollen deposition as the number of pollen grains on flowers of the bee‐pollinated plants Lotus corniculatus and Vicia cracca. We show that plant–bee interactions, and the pollination potential for these bee‐pollinated plants increase with landscape diversity, annual mean temperature, and plant abundance, and decrease with distances to sand‐dominated soils. Furthermore, the pollen deposition in flowers increased with the predicted pollination potential, which was driven by landscape diversity and plant abundance. Our study illustrates that the pollination potential, and thus pollen deposition, for wild plants can be mapped based on spatial models of plant–bee interactions that incorporate pollinator‐specific plant preferences. Maps of pollination potential can be used to guide conservation and restoration planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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4. Analysing ecological networks of species interactions.

Author

Delmas, Eva, Besson, Mathilde, Brice, Marie-Hélène, Burkle, Laura A, Dalla Riva, Giulio V, Fortin, Marie-Josée, Gravel, Dominique, Guimarães, Paulo R, Hembry, David H, Newman, Erica A, Olesen, Jens M, Pires, Mathias M, Yeakel, Justin D, and Poisot, Timothée

Subjects
biogeography, community ecology, ecological networks, graph theory, interactions, Evolutionary Biology, Biological Sciences
Abstract

Network approaches to ecological questions have been increasingly used, particularly in recent decades. The abstraction of ecological systems - such as communities - through networks of interactions between their components indeed provides a way to summarize this information with single objects. The methodological framework derived from graph theory also provides numerous approaches and measures to analyze these objects and can offer new perspectives on established ecological theories as well as tools to address new challenges. However, prior to using these methods to test ecological hypotheses, it is necessary that we understand, adapt, and use them in ways that both allow us to deliver their full potential and account for their limitations. Here, we attempt to increase the accessibility of network approaches by providing a review of the tools that have been developed so far, with - what we believe to be - their appropriate uses and potential limitations. This is not an exhaustive review of all methods and metrics, but rather, an overview of tools that are robust, informative, and ecologically sound. After providing a brief presentation of species interaction networks and how to build them in order to summarize ecological information of different types, we then classify methods and metrics by the types of ecological questions that they can be used to answer from global to local scales, including methods for hypothesis testing and future perspectives. Specifically, we show how the organization of species interactions in a community yields different network structures (e.g., more or less dense, modular or nested), how different measures can be used to describe and quantify these emerging structures, and how to compare communities based on these differences in structures. Within networks, we illustrate metrics that can be used to describe and compare the functional and dynamic roles of species based on their position in the network and the organization of their interactions as well as associated new methods to test the significance of these results. Lastly, we describe potential fruitful avenues for new methodological developments to address novel ecological questions.

Published
2018

5. Nested species interactions promote feasibility over stability during the assembly of a pollinator community

Author

Saavedra, Serguei, Rohr, Rudolf P., Olesen, Jens M., and Bascompte, Jordi

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Physics - Popular Physics, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

The foundational concepts behind the persistence of ecological communities have been based on two ecological properties: dynamical stability and feasibility. The former is typically regarded as the capacity of a community to return to an original equilibrium state after a perturbation in species abundances, and is usually linked to the strength of interspecific interactions. The latter is the capacity to sustain positive abundances on all its constituent species, and is linked to both interspecific interactions and species demographic characteristics. Over the last 40 years, theoretical research in ecology has emphasized the search for conditions leading to the dynamical stability of ecological communities, while the conditions leading to feasibility have been overlooked. However, thus far, we have no evidence of whether species interactions are more conditioned by the community's need to be stable or feasible. Here, we introduce novel quantitative methods and use empirical data to investigate the consequences of species interactions on the dynamical stability and feasibility of mutualistic communities. First, we demonstrate that the more nested the species interactions in a community are, the lower the mutualistic strength that the community can tolerate without losing dynamical stability. Second, we show that high feasibility in a community can be reached either with high mutualistic strength or with highly nested species interactions. Third, we find that during the assembly process of a seasonal pollinator community located at The Zackenberg Research Station (NE Greenland), a high feasibility is reached through the nested species interactions established between newcomer and resident species. Our findings imply that nested mutualistic communities promote feasibility over stability, which may suggest that the former can be key for community persistence.

Published
2016
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6. Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary Islands

Author

Martín-Hernanz, Sara, Nogales, Manuel, Valente, Luis, Fernández Mazuecos Santa Teresa, Mario, Pomeda-Gutiérrez, Fernando, Cano, Emilio, Marrero, Patricia, Olesen, Jens M., Heleno, Ruben, Vargas, Pablo, Martín-Hernanz, Sara, Nogales, Manuel, Valente, Luis, Fernández Mazuecos Santa Teresa, Mario, Pomeda-Gutiérrez, Fernando, Cano, Emilio, Marrero, Patricia, Olesen, Jens M., Heleno, Ruben, and Vargas, Pablo

Abstract

Background and Aims The Canary Islands have strong floristic affinities with the Mediterranean Basin. One of the most characteristic and diverse vegetation belts of the archipelago is the thermophilous woodland (between 200 and 900 m.a.s.l.). This thermophilous plant community consists of many non-endemic species shared with the Mediterranean Floristic Region together with Canarian endemic species. Consequently, phytogeographic studies have historically proposed the hypothesis of an origin of the Canarian thermophilous species following the establishment of the summer-dry mediterranean climate in the Mediterranean Basin around 2.8 million years ago. Methods Time-calibrated phylogenies for 39 plant groups including Canarian thermophilous species were primarily analysed to infer colonization times. In particular, we used 26 previously published phylogenies together with 13 new time-calibrated phylogenies (including newly generated plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data) to assess whether the time interval between stem and crown ages of Canarian thermophilous lineages postdates 2.8 Ma. For lineages postdating this time threshold, we additionally conducted ancestral area reconstructions to infer the potential source area for colonization. Key Results A total of 43 Canarian thermophilous lineages were identified from 39 plant groups. Both mediterranean (16) and pre-mediterranean (9) plant lineages were found. However, we failed to determine the temporal origin for 18 lineages because a stem–crown time interval overlaps with the 2.8-Ma threshold. The spatial origin of thermophilous lineages was also heterogeneous, including ancestral areas from the Mediterranean Basin (nine) and other regions (six). Conclusions Our findings reveal an unexpectedly heterogeneous origin of the Canarian thermophilous species in terms of colonization times and mainland source areas. A substantial proportion of the lineages arrived in the Canaries before the summer-dry climate was established in, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2024

8. Tripartite networks show that keystone species can multitask

Author

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad de Cádiz, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Timóteo, Sérgio [0000-0003-2417-3259], Albrecht, Jörg [0000-0002-9708-9413], Rumeu, Beatriz [0000-0002-9017-5466], Norte, Ana C. [0000-0001-7833-4463], Traveset, Anna [0000-0002-1816-1334], Frost, Carol M. [0000-0003-3805-5528], Marchante, Elizabete [0000-0003-1303-7489], López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro [0000-0003-0773-9134], Peralta, Guadalupe [0000-0003-1947-4989], Memmott, Jane [0000-0002-2113-2577], Olesen, Jens M. [0000-0003-1998-1083], Costa, José Miguel [0000-0002-4991-7122], Silva, Luis Pascual da [0000-0003-2358-1277], Carvalheiro, Luísa G. [0000-0001-7655-979X], Correia, Marta [0000-0003-0475-8962], Staab, Michael [0000-0003-0894-7576], Blüthgen, Nico [0000-0001-6349-4528], Farwig, Nina [0000-0002-0554-5128], Hervías-Parejo, Sandra [0000-0002-5377-3619], Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana [0000-0002-2058-3229], Heleno, Rubén H. [0000-0002-4808-4907], Timóteo, Sérgio, Albrecht, Jörg, Rumeu, Beatriz, Norte, Ana C., Traveset, Anna, Frost, Carol M., Marchante, Elizabete, López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro, Peralta, Guadalupe, Memmott, Jane, Olesen, Jens M., Costa, José Miguel, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Correia, Marta, Staab, Michael, Blüthgen, Nico, Farwig, Nina, Hervías-Parejo, Sandra, Mironov, Sergei, Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana, Heleno, Rubén H., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad de Cádiz, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Timóteo, Sérgio [0000-0003-2417-3259], Albrecht, Jörg [0000-0002-9708-9413], Rumeu, Beatriz [0000-0002-9017-5466], Norte, Ana C. [0000-0001-7833-4463], Traveset, Anna [0000-0002-1816-1334], Frost, Carol M. [0000-0003-3805-5528], Marchante, Elizabete [0000-0003-1303-7489], López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro [0000-0003-0773-9134], Peralta, Guadalupe [0000-0003-1947-4989], Memmott, Jane [0000-0002-2113-2577], Olesen, Jens M. [0000-0003-1998-1083], Costa, José Miguel [0000-0002-4991-7122], Silva, Luis Pascual da [0000-0003-2358-1277], Carvalheiro, Luísa G. [0000-0001-7655-979X], Correia, Marta [0000-0003-0475-8962], Staab, Michael [0000-0003-0894-7576], Blüthgen, Nico [0000-0001-6349-4528], Farwig, Nina [0000-0002-0554-5128], Hervías-Parejo, Sandra [0000-0002-5377-3619], Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana [0000-0002-2058-3229], Heleno, Rubén H. [0000-0002-4808-4907], Timóteo, Sérgio, Albrecht, Jörg, Rumeu, Beatriz, Norte, Ana C., Traveset, Anna, Frost, Carol M., Marchante, Elizabete, López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro, Peralta, Guadalupe, Memmott, Jane, Olesen, Jens M., Costa, José Miguel, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Correia, Marta, Staab, Michael, Blüthgen, Nico, Farwig, Nina, Hervías-Parejo, Sandra, Mironov, Sergei, Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana, and Heleno, Rubén H.

Abstract

Keystone species are disproportionately important for ecosystem functioning. While all species engage in multiple interaction types with other species, keystone species importance is often defined based on a single dimension of their Eltonian niche, that is, one type of interaction (e.g. keystone predator). It remains unclear whether the importance of keystone species is unidimensional or if it extends across interaction types. We conducted a meta-analysis of tripartite interaction networks examining whether species importance in one dimension of their niche is mirrored in other niche dimensions, and whether this is associated with interaction outcome, intimacy or species richness. We show that keystone species importance is positively associated across multiple ecological niche dimensions, independently of abundance, and find no evidence that multidimensionality of keystone species is influenced by the explanatory variables. We propose that the role of keystone species extends across multiple ecological niche dimensions, with important implications for ecosystem resilience and conservation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Published
2023

9. Morfospecies and zOTUs interacting with each host plant from the PERDIVER project

Author

Fundación BBVA, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Miranda, Héctor [0000-0002-0340-8373], Caliz, Joan [0000-0001-5714-7431], Ortega Casamayor, Emilio [0000-0001-7074-3318], García González, María Begoña [0000-0003-4231-6006], Olesen, Jens M. [0000-0003-1998-1083], García González, María Begoña, Jarne, María, Olesen, Jens M., González, Adela, Caliz, Joan, Ortega Casamayor, Emilio, Miranda, Héctor, Fundación BBVA, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Miranda, Héctor [0000-0002-0340-8373], Caliz, Joan [0000-0001-5714-7431], Ortega Casamayor, Emilio [0000-0001-7074-3318], García González, María Begoña [0000-0003-4231-6006], Olesen, Jens M. [0000-0003-1998-1083], García González, María Begoña, Jarne, María, Olesen, Jens M., González, Adela, Caliz, Joan, Ortega Casamayor, Emilio, and Miranda, Héctor

Abstract

Data from the PERDIVER and INTERACTOMA projects. The goal of the projects was to characterize the communities of species that interact with seven rare or endangered plants in Aragón and if those communities changed between isolated and non-isolated plant populations. The aboveground was surveyed in 2016, 2017, and 2018 during the flowering season of the host plant. All individual animals, visiting any part of flowering and non-flowering plants over an area covered visually by the observer were either visually identified or sampled, if needed to confirm identification. All animals trapped by the sticky leaves of pinlon were also identified. Sampling area and length of surveys varied among plant species, depending on size of plants and frequency of interactions, but ≥ 20 surveys were performed at each site, resulting in a total of > 9,000 minutes and 638 surveys. Sampling investment varied among plant species, because they differed in interaction detectability. However, sampling effort was always similar among patches of the same plant species. Other methods like Berlese funnnel traps, fruit sampling or cafeteria experiments were used to unveil interactions that are not easily visible, like those by small or camouflaged animals. Below ground microbial communities were characterized for each plant population with three samples composed of root material from different individuals.

Published
2023

10. Below-ground plant-fungus network topology is not congruent with above-ground plant-animal network topology.

Author

Toju, Hirokazu, Guimarães, Paulo R, Olesen, Jens M, and Thompson, John N

Subjects
DNA barcoding, Ecology, community stability, fungi, mutualism, mycorrhizae, network, plant communities, soil ecology, symbiosis
Abstract

In nature, plants and their pollinating and/or seed-dispersing animals form complex interaction networks. The commonly observed pattern of links between specialists and generalists in these networks has been predicted to promote species coexistence. Plants also build highly species-rich mutualistic networks below ground with root-associated fungi, and the structure of these plant-fungus networks may also affect terrestrial community processes. By compiling high-throughput DNA sequencing data sets of the symbiosis of plants and their root-associated fungi from three localities along a latitudinal gradient, we uncovered the entire network architecture of these interactions under contrasting environmental conditions. Each network included more than 30 plant species and hundreds of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi belonging to diverse phylogenetic groups. The results were consistent with the notion that processes shaping host-plant specialization of fungal species generate a unique linkage pattern that strongly contrasts with the pattern of above-ground plant-partner networks. Specifically, plant-fungus networks lacked a "nested" architecture, which has been considered to promote species coexistence in plant-partner networks. Rather, the below-ground networks had a conspicuous "antinested" topology. Our findings lead to the working hypothesis that terrestrial plant community dynamics are likely determined by the balance between above-ground and below-ground webs of interspecific interactions.

Published
2015

12. Assembly of complex plant-fungus networks.

Author

Toju, Hirokazu, Guimarães, Paulo R, Olesen, Jens M, and Thompson, John N

Subjects
Chloroplasts, Fungi, Plants, DNA, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Symbiosis, Japan, Biological Evolution, Forests
Abstract

Species in ecological communities build complex webs of interaction. Although revealing the architecture of these networks is fundamental to understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics in nature, it has been difficult to characterize the structure of most species-rich ecological systems. By overcoming this limitation through next-generation sequencing technology, we herein uncover the network architecture of below-ground plant-fungus symbioses, which are ubiquitous to terrestrial ecosystems. The examined symbiotic network of a temperate forest in Japan includes 33 plant species and 387 functionally and phylogenetically diverse fungal taxa, and the overall network architecture differs fundamentally from that of other ecological networks. In contrast to results for other ecological networks and theoretical predictions for symbiotic networks, the plant-fungus network shows moderate or relatively low levels of interaction specialization and modularity and an unusual pattern of 'nested' network architecture. These results suggest that species-rich ecological networks are more architecturally diverse than previously recognized.

Published
2014

31. Oceanic island bats as flower visitors and pollinators

Author

European Commission, Valido, Alfredo, Olesen, Jens M., European Commission, Valido, Alfredo, and Olesen, Jens M.

Abstract

Oceanic islands are relatively poor in insects compared to mainland areas. Therefore, insect-eating island birds and lizards may include other food sources into their diet, e.g. nectar and pollen. Here, we explore if insect-eating island bats face a similar problem and accordingly join the birds and lizards and incorporate plant resources into their diet. Thus, a priory, we assume flower visitation by bats to be more common on oceanic islands than elsewhere. To test this, we reviewed the literature to obtain information on the geographic distribution and diet of all 1,399 species of bats in the world and found that 49%, 21%, and 31% of species have a mainland, mixed mainland-island, and island distribution, respectively. Diets are known for only 65% (905 species) of the bats in the world, and 70%, 22%, and 8% of these, respectively, rely on insects, fruit, and floral resources as their major diet component. Twenty-seven species are even obligate flower visitors. This study confirms that flower-visiting bats, especially Pteropodidae, are significantly more frequent on oceanic islands, while insect eaters are more frequent on mainland and continental islands. Consequently, we argue that flower visitation and pollination by insect-eating island bats require more attention in future island ecology studies. For a start, we list known examples in the literature and report a case study from the Canary Islands. In the latter, we examined the foreheads of 34 museum specimens of the seven Canarian bat species. Half of them carried pollen from ≥ 9 taxa, but only three bat species had larger amounts. Pollen was not identified, but many Canarian and exotic plant species are candidates. Thus, flower visitation by bats may be an oceanic island phenomenon, but requires more focused research, especially night-time flower observations and examination of bats for pollen.

Published
2023

32. Supporting Information for: Tripartite networks show that keystone species can multitask

Author

Timóteo, Sérgio [sergio.timoteo@uc.pt], Timóteo, Sérgio, Albrecht, Jörg, Rumeu, Beatriz, Norte, Ana C., Traveset, Anna, Frost, Carol M., Marchante, Elizabete, López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro, Peralta, Guadalupe, Memmott, Jane, Olesen, Jens M., Costa, José Miguel, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Correia, Marta, Staab, Michael, Blüthgen, Nico, Farwig, Nina, Hervías-Parejo, Sandra, Mironov, Sergei, Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana, Heleno, Rubén H., Timóteo, Sérgio [sergio.timoteo@uc.pt], Timóteo, Sérgio, Albrecht, Jörg, Rumeu, Beatriz, Norte, Ana C., Traveset, Anna, Frost, Carol M., Marchante, Elizabete, López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro, Peralta, Guadalupe, Memmott, Jane, Olesen, Jens M., Costa, José Miguel, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Correia, Marta, Staab, Michael, Blüthgen, Nico, Farwig, Nina, Hervías-Parejo, Sandra, Mironov, Sergei, Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana, and Heleno, Rubén H.

Published
2023

33. RecruitNet: A global database of plant recruitment networks

Author

European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Verdú, Miguel [0000-0002-9778-7692], Garrido, José L. [0000-0002-6859-4234], Alcántara, Julio M. [0000-0002-8003-7844], Montesinos-Navarro, Alicia [0000-0003-4656-0321], Aizen, Marcelo A. [0000-0001-9079-9749], Al-Namazi, Ali A. [0000-0003-2767-4366], Alifriqui, Mohamed [0000-0002-9176-7789], Allen, David [0000-0002-0712-9603], Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J. [0000-0001-8461-9713], Armas, Cristina [0000-0003-0356-8075], Bastida, Jesús M. [0000-0002-8680-1401], Bonanomi, Giuliano [0000-0002-1831-4361], Paterno, Gustavo B. [0000-0001-9719-3037], Campoy, Josefina G. [0000-0002-7300-1173], Condit, Richard [0000-0003-4191-1495], Delalandre, Leo [0000-0003-2875-4587], Duarte, Milen [0000-0003-4784-9880], Fazlioglu, Fatih [0000-0002-4723-3640], Flores-Olvera, Hilda [0000-0002-3262-9570], Garcia, María Begoña [0000-0003-4231-6006], García-Fayos, Patricio [0000-0003-3449-5075], Goberna, Marta [0000-0001-5303-3429], Gómez Aparicio, Lorena [0000-0001-5122-3579], González-Pendás, Enrique [0000-0001-5058-7733], İpekdal, Kahraman [0000-0001-9968-3013], Kikvidze, Zaal [0000-0002-5007-4484], Ledo, Alicia [0000-0002-3967-6994], Liu, Hanlun [0000-0002-9424-4940], López García, Álvaro [0000-0001-8267-3572], Lortie, Christopher J. [0000-0002-4291-7023], Losapio, Gianalberto [0000-0001-7589-8706], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L. [0000-0001-5023-7813], Máliš, František [0000-0003-2760-6988], Michalet, Richard [0000-0002-6617-4789], Molina-Venegas, Rafael [0000-0001-5801-0736], Navarro-Cano, J. A. [0000-0001-8091-1063], Ortiz-Brunel, Juan P. [0000-0002-0695-8143], Pérez-Hernández, Vidal [0000-0001-6793-296X], Pistón, Nuria [0000-0003-4946-9945], Prieto, Iván [0000-0001-5549-1132], Prieto Rubio, Jorge [0000-0002-5600-5113], Pugnaire, Francisco I. [0000-0002-1227-6827], Ramírez, Nelson [0000-0002-6385-3866], Rey, Pedro J. [0000-0001-5550-0393], Sánchez-Martín, Ricardo [0000-0001-5272-3276], Schob, Christian [0000-0003-4472-2286], Tercero-Araque, Amanda [0000-0002-7255-5844], Usero, Francisco M. [0000-0002-4648-4202], Usta, Nurbahar [0000-0002-9265-2780], Zamora, Regino [0000-0002-5049-9968], Verdú, Miguel, Garrido, José L., Alcántara, Julio M., Montesinos-Navarro, Alicia, Aguilar, Salomón, Aizen, Marcelo A., Al-Namazi, Ali A., Alifriqui, Mohamed, Allen, David, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Armas, Cristina, Bastida, Jesús M., Bellido, Tono, Bonanomi, Giuliano, Paterno, Gustavo B., Briceño, Herbert, de Oliveira, Ricardo A.C., Campoy, Josefina G., Chaieb, Ghassen, Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Sarah E., Condit, Richard, Constantinou, Elena, Degirmenci, Cihan Ü., Delalandre, Leo, Duarte, Milen, Faife, Michel, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Fernando, Edwino S., Flores, Joel, Flores-Olvera, Hilda, Fodor, Ecaterina, Ganade, Gislene, Garcia, María Begoña, García-Fayos, Patricio, Gavini, Sabrina S., Goberna, M., Gómez Aparicio, Lorena, González-Pendás, Enrique, González-Robles, Ana, Hubbell, Stephen P., İpekdal, Kahraman, Jorquera, María J., Kikvidze, Zaal, Kütküt, Pınar, Ledo, Alicia, Lendínez, Sandra, Li, Buhang, Liu, Hanlun, Lloret, Francisco, López, Ramiro P., López García, Álvaro, Lortie, Christopher J., Losapio, Gianalberto, Lutz, James A., Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Máliš, František, Manrique, Esteban, Manzaneda, Antonio J., Marcilio-Silva, Vinicius, Michalet, Richard, Molina-Venegas, Rafael, Navarro-Cano, J. 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[0000-0002-4648-4202], Usta, Nurbahar [0000-0002-9265-2780], Zamora, Regino [0000-0002-5049-9968], Verdú, Miguel, Garrido, José L., Alcántara, Julio M., Montesinos-Navarro, Alicia, Aguilar, Salomón, Aizen, Marcelo A., Al-Namazi, Ali A., Alifriqui, Mohamed, Allen, David, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Armas, Cristina, Bastida, Jesús M., Bellido, Tono, Bonanomi, Giuliano, Paterno, Gustavo B., Briceño, Herbert, de Oliveira, Ricardo A.C., Campoy, Josefina G., Chaieb, Ghassen, Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Sarah E., Condit, Richard, Constantinou, Elena, Degirmenci, Cihan Ü., Delalandre, Leo, Duarte, Milen, Faife, Michel, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Fernando, Edwino S., Flores, Joel, Flores-Olvera, Hilda, Fodor, Ecaterina, Ganade, Gislene, Garcia, María Begoña, García-Fayos, Patricio, Gavini, Sabrina S., Goberna, M., Gómez Aparicio, Lorena, González-Pendás, Enrique, González-Robles, Ana, Hubbell, Stephen P., İpekdal, Kahraman, Jorquera, María J., Kikvidze, Zaal, Kütküt, Pınar, Ledo, Alicia, Lendínez, Sandra, Li, Buhang, Liu, Hanlun, Lloret, Francisco, López, Ramiro P., López García, Álvaro, Lortie, Christopher J., Losapio, Gianalberto, Lutz, James A., Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Máliš, František, Manrique, Esteban, Manzaneda, Antonio J., Marcilio-Silva, Vinicius, Michalet, Richard, Molina-Venegas, Rafael, Navarro-Cano, J. A., Novotny, Vojtech, Olesen, Jens M., Ortiz-Brunel, Juan P., Pajares-Murgó, María, Parissis, Nikolas, Parker, Geoffrey, Perea, Antonio J., Pérez-Hernández, Vidal, Pérez-Navarro, María Ángeles, Pistón, Nuria, Pizarro-Carbonell, Elisa, Prieto, Iván, Prieto Rubio, Jorge, Pugnaire, Francisco I., Ramírez, Nelson, Retuerto, Rubén, Rey, Pedro J., Rodriguez Ginart, Daniel A., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Mariana, Sánchez-Martín, Ricardo, Schob, Christian, Tavşanoğlu, Çağatay, Tedoradze, Giorgi, Tercero-Araque, Amanda, Tielbörger, Katja, Touzard, Blaise, Tüfekcioğlu, İrem, Turkis, Sevda, Usero, Francisco M., Usta, Nurbahar, Valiente-Banuet, Alfonso, Vargas-Colin, Alexia, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis, and Zamora, Regino

Abstract

Plant recruitment interactions (i.e., what recruits under what) shape the composition, diversity, and structure of plant communities. Despite the huge body of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying recruitment interactions among species, we still know little about the structure of the recruitment networks emerging in ecological communities. Modeling and analyzing the community-level structure of plant recruitment interactions as a complex network can provide relevant information on ecological and evolutionary processes acting both at the species and ecosystem levels. We report a data set containing 143 plant recruitment networks in 23 countries across five continents, including temperate and tropical ecosystems. Each network identifies the species under which another species recruits. All networks report the number of recruits (i.e., individuals) per species. The data set includes >850,000 recruiting individuals involved in 118,411 paired interactions among 3318 vascular plant species across the globe. The cover of canopy species and open ground is also provided. Three sampling protocols were used: (1) The Recruitment Network (RN) protocol (106 networks) focuses on interactions among established plants ("canopy species") and plants in their early stages of recruitment ("recruit species"). A series of plots was delimited within a locality, and all the individuals recruiting and their canopy species were identified; (2) The paired Canopy-Open (pCO) protocol (26 networks) consists in locating a potential canopy plant and identifying recruiting individuals under the canopy and in a nearby open space of the same area; (3) The Georeferenced plot (GP) protocol (11 networks) consists in using information from georeferenced individual plants in large plots to infer canopy-recruit interactions. Some networks incorporate data for both herbs and woody species, whereas others focus exclusively on woody species. The location of each study site, geographical coordinates, country

Published
2023

34. Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary Islands

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Martín-Hernanz, Sara, Nogales, Manuel, Valente, Luis, Fernández-Mazuecos, Mario, Pomeda-Gutiérrez, Fernando, Cano Díaz, Emilio, Marrero, Patricia, Olesen, Jens M., Heleno, Ruben, Vargas, Pablo, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Martín-Hernanz, Sara, Nogales, Manuel, Valente, Luis, Fernández-Mazuecos, Mario, Pomeda-Gutiérrez, Fernando, Cano Díaz, Emilio, Marrero, Patricia, Olesen, Jens M., Heleno, Ruben, and Vargas, Pablo

Abstract

Background and Aims The Canary Islands have strong floristic affinities with the Mediterranean Basin. One of the most characteristic and diverse vegetation belts of the archipelago is the thermophilous woodland (between 200 and 900 m.a.s.l.). This thermophilous plant community consists of many non-endemic species shared with the Mediterranean Floristic Region together with Canarian endemic species. Consequently, phytogeographic studies have historically proposed the hypothesis of an origin of the Canarian thermophilous species following the establishment of the summer-dry mediterranean climate in the Mediterranean Basin around 2.8 million years ago. Methods Time-calibrated phylogenies for 39 plant groups including Canarian thermophilous species were primarily analysed to infer colonization times. In particular, we used 26 previously published phylogenies together with 13 new time-calibrated phylogenies (including newly generated plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data) to assess whether the time interval between stem and crown ages of Canarian thermophilous lineages postdates 2.8 Ma. For lineages postdating this time threshold, we additionally conducted ancestral area reconstructions to infer the potential source area for colonization. Key Results A total of 43 Canarian thermophilous lineages were identified from 39 plant groups. Both mediterranean (16) and pre-mediterranean (9) plant lineages were found. However, we failed to determine the temporal origin for 18 lineages because a stem–crown time interval overlaps with the 2.8-Ma threshold. The spatial origin of thermophilous lineages was also heterogeneous, including ancestral areas from the Mediterranean Basin (nine) and other regions (six). Conclusions Our findings reveal an unexpectedly heterogeneous origin of the Canarian thermophilous species in terms of colonization times and mainland source areas. A substantial proportion of the lineages arrived in the Canaries before the summer-dry climate was established in

Published
2023

40. RecruitNet: A global database of plant recruitment networks

Author

Verdú, Miguel, primary, Garrido, Jose L., additional, Alcántara, Julio M., additional, Montesinos‐Navarro, Alicia, additional, Aguilar, Salomón, additional, Aizen, Marcelo A., additional, Al‐Namazi, Ali A., additional, Alifriqui, Mohamed, additional, Allen, David, additional, Anderson‐Teixeira, Kristina J., additional, Armas, Cristina, additional, Bastida, Jesús M., additional, Bellido, Tono, additional, Bonanomi, Giuliano, additional, Paterno, Gustavo B., additional, Briceño, Herbert, additional, de Oliveira, Ricardo A. C., additional, Campoy, Josefina G., additional, Chaieb, Ghassen, additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Collins, Sarah E., additional, Condit, Richard, additional, Constantinou, Elena, additional, Degirmenci, Cihan Ü., additional, Delalandre, Leo, additional, Duarte, Milen, additional, Faife, Michel, additional, Fazlioglu, Fatih, additional, Fernando, Edwino S., additional, Flores, Joel, additional, Flores‐Olvera, Hilda, additional, Fodor, Ecaterina, additional, Ganade, Gislene, additional, Garcia, María Begoña, additional, García‐Fayos, Patricio, additional, Gavini, Sabrina S., additional, Goberna, Marta, additional, Gómez‐Aparicio, Lorena, additional, González‐Pendás, Enrique, additional, González‐Robles, Ana, additional, Hubbell, Stephen P., additional, İpekdal, Kahraman, additional, Jorquera, María J., additional, Kikvidze, Zaal, additional, Kütküt, Pınar, additional, Ledo, Alicia, additional, Lendínez, Sandra, additional, Li, Buhang, additional, Liu, Hanlun, additional, Lloret, Francisco, additional, López, Ramiro P., additional, López‐García, Álvaro, additional, Lortie, Christopher J., additional, Losapio, Gianalberto, additional, Lutz, James A., additional, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., additional, Máliš, František, additional, Manrique, Esteban, additional, Manzaneda, Antonio J., additional, Marcilio‐Silva, Vinicius, additional, Michalet, Richard, additional, Molina‐Venegas, Rafael, additional, Navarro‐Cano, José Antonio, additional, Novotny, Vojtech, additional, Olesen, Jens M., additional, Ortiz‐Brunel, Juan P., additional, Pajares‐Murgó, María, additional, Parissis, Nikolas, additional, Parker, Geoffrey, additional, Perea, Antonio J., additional, Pérez‐Hernández, Vidal, additional, Pérez‐Navarro, María Ángeles, additional, Pistón, Nuria, additional, Pizarro‐Carbonell, Elisa, additional, Prieto, Iván, additional, Prieto‐Rubio, Jorge, additional, Pugnaire, Francisco I., additional, Ramírez, Nelson, additional, Retuerto, Rubén, additional, Rey, Pedro J., additional, Rodriguez Ginart, Daniel A., additional, Rodríguez‐Sánchez, Mariana, additional, Sánchez‐Martín, Ricardo, additional, Schöb, Christian, additional, Tavşanoğlu, Çağatay, additional, Tedoradze, Giorgi, additional, Tercero‐Araque, Amanda, additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Touzard, Blaise, additional, Tüfekcioğlu, İrem, additional, Turkis, Sevda, additional, Usero, Francisco M., additional, Usta, Nurbahar, additional, Valiente‐Banuet, Alfonso, additional, Vargas‐Colin, Alexia, additional, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis, additional, and Zamora, Regino, additional

Published
2023
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47. Tripartite networks show that keystone species can multitask

Author

Timóteo, Sérgio, primary, Albrecht, Jörg, additional, Rumeu, Beatriz, additional, Norte, Ana C., additional, Traveset, Anna, additional, Frost, Carol M., additional, Marchante, Elizabete, additional, López‐Núñez, Francisco A., additional, Peralta, Guadalupe, additional, Memmott, Jane, additional, Olesen, Jens M., additional, Costa, José M., additional, da Silva, Luís P., additional, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., additional, Correia, Marta, additional, Staab, Michael, additional, Blüthgen, Nico, additional, Farwig, Nina, additional, Hervías‐Parejo, Sandra, additional, Mironov, Sergei, additional, Rodríguez‐Echeverría, Susana, additional, and Heleno, Ruben, additional

Published
2022
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48. Stable pollination service in a generalist high Arctic community despite the warming climate

Author

Cirtwill, Alyssa R., primary, Kaartinen, Riikka, additional, Rasmussen, Claus, additional, Redr, Deanne, additional, Wirta, Helena, additional, Olesen, Jens M., additional, Tiusanen, Mikko, additional, Ballantyne, Gavin, additional, Cunnold, Helen, additional, Stone, Graham N., additional, Schmidt, Niels Martin, additional, and Roslin, Tomas, additional

Published
2022
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