Search

The x-ray diffraction, Raman, and infrared spectroscopies and magnetic measurements were used to explore the correlated changes of the structure, lattice dynamics, and magnetic properties of the LuFeO3 nanoparticles, which appear in dependence on their sintering temperature. We revealed a gradual substitution of the hexagonal phase by the orthorhombic phase in the nanoparticles, with sintering temperature increasing from 700 to 1100 °C. The origin and stability of the hexagonal phase in the LuFeO3 nanoparticles are of the special interest, because the nanoparticles in the phase can be a room-temperature multiferroic with a weak ferromagnetic and pronounced structural and ferroelectric long-range ordering. The antiferromagnetic and nonpolar orthorhombic phase is more stable in the bulk LuFeO3. To define the ranges of the hexagonal phase stability, we determine the bulk and interface energy densities of different phases from the comparison of the Gibbs model with experimental results. Using effective parameters of the Gibbs model, we predict the influence of size effects and temperature on the structural and polar properties of the LuFeO3 nanoparticles. Analysis of the obtained results shows that the combination of the x-ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopies, magnetic measurements, and theoretical modeling of structural and polar properties allows us to establish the interplay between the phase composition, lattice dynamics, and multiferroic properties of the LuFeO3 nanoparticles prepared under different conditions.

Introduction. The use of implants during surgical interventions in gynecology can contribute to the anatomical restoration of the genital organs. The most commonly used implants in gynecology are polypropylene meshes, which promote tissue ingrowth, thus restoring reproductive organs. One of the reasons for using implants in gynecology is pelvic organ prolapse, including uterine prolapse, anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse, and vaginal vault prolapse. Synthetic implants are often utilized to reinforce surgical interventions for gynecological disorders, with better indicators of anatomical success in the long term. The aim of the research is to investigate the biomechanical properties of implants in gynecology as effective means for the surgical restoration of female reproductive organs. Materials and methods. Bibliosemantic, comparative, and systematic analysis methods were employed. The proposed recommendations were developed based on the analysis of contemporary literature, results of randomized trials, and meta-analyses dedicated to studying the impact of implants in surgical interventions in gynecological practice. Results. The analyzed results indicate that the optimal supportive framework of implants for gynecological surgery, particularly in the treatment of prolapse, should aim to facilitate the formation of a new matrix for fascial reinforcement, thereby minimizing the development of scar tissue. Conclusions. The primary objective of using implants in gynecological surgical interventions is to search for optimal designs to complement vaginal surgery. This is essential for prolonging treatment outcomes, increasing patient satisfaction, and reducing complications.

The aim: to develop a modern certification program "Global Health" for the continuous professional development of public health professionals. Materials and methods. The study employed bibliosemantic, informational-analytical, medical-statistical, sociological methods, and content analysis method. The research program included an analysis of the main competencies of public health professionals, as defined by the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) and the higher education standard for specialty 229 "Public Health" for the second (master's) level of higher education; analysis of existing certification programs on global health; conducting sociological surveys of public health professionals regarding priority topics and preferred learning methods. The research was based on normative documents, electronic resources, and the results of sociological research. Statistical processing and mathematical analysis of materials were conducted using statistical analysis methods. Results. It was established that global health issues are significant in shaping the professional competencies of public health professionals, considering the requirements of the higher education standard for specialty 229 "Public Health" for the second (master's) level of higher education and those, defined by the European List of Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals ASPHER. The study of these issues was identified as important for continuous professional development based on sociological surveys of disease control and prevention center employees (38.4 out of 100 respondents). Among various forms of education, webinars (62.2±3.8 out of 100 respondents) and online learning (60.4±3.8) are most in demand. Analysis of the obtained data led to the justification of the "Global Health" certification program. In the developed "Global Health" certification program, 26.7% of the workload corresponds to lectures, 33.3% to practical classes, and 40% to preparatory work. Structurally, it covers 2 modules and 8 topics on current issues of the impact of globalization on health and analysis of global health indicators. Conclusions. The "Global Health" certification program meets the requirements of normative documents, considers contemporary challenges and consequences of globalization on health, highlights global health trends, and its topics are in demand among disease control and prevention center professionals.

In-depth analysis of the role technology plays in establishing a recoverer-centric approach to the enforcement process is provided in this academic research study. This paper examines the potential for technological improvements to enable a more effective and efficient enforcement process while taking into account the necessity of prioritising the rights of recoverers and the developing nature of enforcement proceedings. The enforcement process can be brought closer to basic ideas of fairness and equity by adopting a recoverer-centric strategy that emphasises restoring the rights of recoverers rather than only focusing on the debtor. This study uses a thorough, multifaceted methodology that includes legal analysis, case studies, and comparisons of other jurisdictions’ enforcement practises. It also examines the potential of technical advancements like automation, data analytics, and digital platforms to optimise and streamline the enforcement process. The study assesses how technology affects legal frameworks that control enforcement practises and its contribution to harmonising enforcement practises at the national and worldwide levels. This study provides important insights into the benefits and difficulties of incorporating technology into the recoverer-centric enforcement process through a thorough investigation of relevant literature and empirical evidence. It also looks into how technology might affect the standard, effectiveness, and efficiency of the enforcement process, paying special attention to how it might improve the enforceability of judgements made by courts and other competent bodies

Introduction. Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys plays crucial role in the development of anemia in patients with chronic heart failure, especially on the background of comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2. In diabetic patients due to early damage of the kidney vessels and following erythropoietin deficiency anemia develops much earlier than clinically significant decrease of glomerular filtration rate. The aim of the study was to find out possible dependence of changes in the erythropoietinsynthesizing function of the kidneys on the degree of severity of anemic hypoxia in elderly and senile patients with chronic heart failure, including those with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. 120 patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin, type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild and moderate anemia were examined. Control group comprised 12 people with chronic heart failure without comorbid pathology. The examined groups were comparable in terms of gender and age, differing in the presence of comorbid diabetes mellitus and degree of severity of anemic syndrome. The level of erythropoietin in blood serum was determined by standard enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic heart failure results in a significant decrease in erythropoietin production by 25 % compared to the control group (p

The aim of the study. To investigate certain aspects of the state of health of the male population of Ukraine in the period 2014-2021; justify the value of a separate analysis of men's health; to determine the need for personalized accounting of the health status of persons who took part in military operations, in particular men. Materials and methods. The research materials were official statistical data from the reports of the State Statistics Service, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Central Health Service of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for 2014–2021, the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME, USA) on the global burden of diseases, data individual sociological studies. The female population of Ukraine served as a comparison group. Results. The dynamics of the state of health of the male population by individual indicators (mortality, average life expectancy, morbidity, disease burden) in recent years compared to the female population were analyzed. It was established that the health of the male population has negative trends and is inferior to the vast majority of the relevant indicators of the health of the female population. In addition, the severe consequences of military operations, men's lack of attention to their own health, particularly reproductive health, and an unhealthy lifestyle significantly worsen the health of the male population. An in-depth study of the health of the male population is needed to understand its specific needs in health care services, to develop prevention, treatment and rehabilitation programs. Conclusions. Against the background of the deterioration of the health of the male population, especially during the war, it is necessary to provide him with all kinds of support, to improve the quality and availability of various types of medical care, to introduce personalized records of the health of combatants (military and civilians), as well as children of war.

The research touches upon the innovations in the English word formation processes, i.e., the role of analogy and intralingual borrowings as significant sources and ways of replenishing English vocabulary, interfering entirely with all the languages in the world and greatly influencing their development. Nominative units consisting of two or more words with a contraction of at least one of them at the place of a junction, i.e., blends, are an integral feature of the English language in general and modern English socio-political discourse in particular. Blending has been growing recently among the most productive means of word formation. Blends are needed to denote new concepts and phenomena and are often used to manifest the author’s word-formation skills; they become popular due to their expressiveness and novelty of form and content. The goal of the article is to study the functional features of blends as a means of strengthening the pragmatic component of the socio-political discourse, as well as the strategy and techniques of their translation. The general and special methods were used to achieve the goal and objectives of the study: information retrieval method – to select research material and process basic theoretical knowledge; generalization method – to highlight the most critical academic positions; deduction and induction – to clarify the theoretical foundations, generalize data and formulate conclusions; discourse analysis – to identify specific communicative and pragmatic features of socio-political communication; contextual and functional methods – to actualize the linguopragmatic meaning of the lexical units under the study, i.e., blends; the vocabulary definitions analysis – to examine their linguopragmatic peculiarities; structuralsemantic and component analysis – to determine the ways of blend formation and their main structural elements – all this is necessary for the implementation of translation analysis. The use of pragmalinguistic elements (blends, in our case) involves investigating relationships between language units and the conditions of the communicative-pragmatic space, tracing the relationship between the addressee’s intentional component and the choice of language means when translating the studied units within the socio-political discourse into another language. Conclusions. Regarding the focus of socio-political discourse on speech influence, the conveying of blend stylistics and the transfer of speech realia that form the basis of the blend implication and strengthen the socio-pragmatics of the given text cause difficulties in comprehending the English original and translation variants. The study of the translation aspect of blends within socio-political discourse revealed a lot of challenges, such as the need for a unique means for conveying blend semantics in the translation language, the complex nature of blend explication, and the problem of their interpretation. Among the translation techniques that are most effective in overcoming the outlined translation difficulties of socio-political blends, such ones should be mentioned first: transcription, transliteration, tracing, and creating an analogical model. The descriptive translation method is considered inappropriate when translating political blends (under research) because such a technique does not allow conveying pragmatics of blends and implement them in the translation language as expressive lexical and stylistic units that are components of speech influence on the addressee, and the society as a whole. The principles of the techniques studied in the article can be used for further research as being universal for translating English blends in inflectional languages (Ukrainian including), where such a phenomenon is non-typical. The process of blending hypothetically proves the activation of the redistribution of components within the different language structures and systems and their ability to self-reorganize.

To describe the polar properties of nanosized HfxZr1−xO2−y, we evolve the “effective” Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire (LGD) model based on the parametrization of the Landau expansion coefficients for polar and antipolar orderings. We have shown that the effective LGD model can predict the influence of screening conditions and size effects on phase diagrams, polarization reversal, and structural properties of nanosized HfxZr1−xO2−y of various shapes and sizes. To verify the model, we use the available experimental results for HfxZr1−xO2 thin films and oxygen-deficient HfO2−y nanoparticles prepared under different annealing conditions. X-ray diffraction, which was used to determine the phase composition of the HfO2−y nanoparticles, revealed the formation of a ferroelectric orthorhombic phase in them. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to explore the correlation of lattice dynamics and structural changes that depend on the oxygen vacancy concentration in the HfO2−y nanoparticles. Since our approach allows us to determine the conditions (shape, sizes, Zr content, and/or oxygen vacancy amount) for which nanosized HfxZr1−xO2−y are ferroelectric or antiferroelectric, we hope that the obtained results are useful for creation of next generation Si-compatible ferroelectric gate oxide nanomaterials.

Introduction. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia was a dangerous disease at the beginning of 2021. However, there are almost no records of early infectious endocarditis of prosthetic heart valve in the presence of such a disease. We present an interesting clinical case of successful treatment of complicated pathology. The COVID-19 outbreak involved unique clinical complications that were superimposed on the progressive heart failure due to prosthetic mitral valve dysfunction (its detachment) which did not allow time for active antiinflammatory therapy. Urgent replacement of the prosthesis made it possible to eliminate the infection and paved the way for successful long-term antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral therapy. The aim. To determine the features of management of patients with complex clinical pathology: prosthetic valve endocarditis associated with COVID-19 and severe lung inflammation in the early postoperative period. Case report. This work presents rare clinical case. A 46-year old male patient underwent successful surgery (mitral valve replacement with posterior leaflet preservation and left atrium resection) at the Department of Surgical Treatment of Acquired Heart Diseases of the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery and was discharged in satisfactory condition. One month later, he was hospitalized again and diagnosed with an early infectious endocarditis of prosthetic mitral valve and bilateral polysegmental COVID-19-associated pneumonia. After a week of medicinal preparation (antibacterial therapy), the patient underwent repeat mitral valve replacement in the presence of progressive heart insufficiency due to increasing paravalvular insufficiency. Postoperative period elapsed without significant complications. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition on day 15 after surgery and primary rehabilitation. Conclusion. Having a specific etiology, pneumonia significantly damaged mitral prosthesis structures by increasing paravalvular insufficiency. Consequently, the patient underwent life-saving repeat mitral valve replacement in the presence of COVID-19-associated pneumonia and under massive antibacterial treatment which continued for 60 days after the patient’s discharge. An important element of successful treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia is the selection of adequate antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral drugs.

The article examines the effects of changes in the activity of domestic business during the war, as a result of the system of unfavorable factors. The authors analyze the possibilities of using different types of mathematical models to reproduce the dynamics of business activity at the level of a particular country, and selects the most successful one. A phenomenological model describing the dynamics of the process was proposed, which uses the business activity index as the main variable and is based on an ordinary heterogeneous second-order differential equation with a source term. Using a three-component production function, a transition to a system of differential equations describing the dynamics of various components of the business activity index was made, which, in the absence of a source term responsible for the impact of external stimulating factors, is conservative. The modeling results are compared with empirical data, which indicates a good ability of the model to reproduce real processes in the economy under the influence of powerful negative factors, including the restoration of business optimism caused by the return of territories in September-October 2022 and overcoming the consequences of attacks on energy infrastructure in November 2022-January 2023. It is shown that the involvement of other equations describing the dynamics of business activity in the system leads to a loss of conservatism. The frequency and phase-frequency analysis of the dynamics of Ukrainian business activity during the war allows us to conclude that business activity will recover fairly quickly after the cessation of negative depressing factors. Based on the descriptive data, the article clusters the negative factors that suppress domestic business during hostilities and compares them with the parameters that determine the ease of doing business, an internationally recognized indicator that allows assessing obstacles to business activity. Based on the research of recognized foreign experts, a retrospective analysis of obstacles to the development of Ukrainian business was conducted. An empirical study of a number of enterprises from the Dnipropetrovs’k region belonging to various business sectors was implemented, which proves that the main problems that emerged during the war are not much more severe than the problems that domestic business experienced before the aggression. The «classical» factors associated with hostilities are reduced to ensuring uninterrupted supply of electricity and preventing the outflow of human resources through conscription and forced migration. It is concluded that an interesting direction for further research on this problem is the use of the Granger model, which will allow for joint analysis of time series and take into account hidden relationships.

Right ventricular pacing may impair left ventricular systolic function in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The aim. To determine the frequency of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) in patients with permanent right ventricular pacing (at least 90%) and preserved LVEF (≥50%). To determine the risk factors for the occurrence of PICM. Materials and methods. The study included 34 patients with indications for permanent ventricular pacing in whom pacemaker was implanted from 2012 to 2022 (mean follow-up period 44.97 ± 28.45 months). PICM was defined as a decrease in LVEF

Summary: Metabolic reprogramming in pediatric diffuse midline glioma is driven by gene expression changes induced by the hallmark histone mutation H3K27M, which results in aberrantly permissive activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Previous studies of diffuse midline glioma with altered H3K27 (DMG-H3K27a) have shown that the RAS pathway, specifically through its downstream kinase, extracellular-signal-related kinase 5 (ERK5), is critical for tumor growth. Further downstream effectors of ERK5 and their role in DMG-H3K27a metabolic reprogramming have not been explored. We establish that ERK5 is a critical regulator of cell proliferation and glycolysis in DMG-H3K27a. We demonstrate that ERK5 mediates glycolysis through activation of transcription factor MEF2A, which subsequently modulates expression of glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3. We show that in vitro and mouse models of DMG-H3K27a are sensitive to the loss of PFKFB3. Multi-targeted drug therapy against the ERK5-PFKFB3 axis, such as with small-molecule inhibitors, may represent a promising therapeutic approach in patients with pediatric diffuse midline glioma.

The aim. To evaluate the rate of long-term complications on ascending aorta after bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) replacement depending on the type of defect (stenosis or insufficiency) and to determine the indications to certain type of surgery in this category of patients. Materials and methods. One hundred five patients underwent BAV replacement between 2007 and 2014. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 63 patients with stenosis prevalence, group 2 included 42 patients with insufficiency. Aortic diameter at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva and at the level of the ascending aorta was assessed preoperatively and in the long-term postoperative period. Results. Long-term results were studied in 86 (81.9%) patients during 6.8 ± 2.2 years at the average. Sixteen (18.6%) patients developed aortic complications: 6 (6.9%) of them had progressive dilatation (10% from initial diameter), aneurysm formation was detected in 8 cases (9.3%) with 6 cases (6.9%) of dissection, 1 patient (1.3%) had aortic rupture. Freedom from ascending aorta dilatation within 13 years after BAV replacement was 95.1% in group 1 and 62.3% in group 2. Freedom from aortic dissection within 13 years after BAV replacement was 90.1% at the average (97% in group 1 and 80.6% in group 2). Conclusion. The tactics of aortic aneurysm correction in BAV depends on its diameter and, to a lesser extent, on the presence of stenosis or insufficiency of the valve. With existing stenosis and a diameter of the ascending aorta up to 4.5 cm, it is possible to consider correction without intervention on the ascending aorta. The presence of valve insufficiency in such a situation often requires additional manipulations on the ascending aorta.

Animal models have been essential for advancing research of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in humans, but few animal species effectively replicate the behavioural and clinical signs of FASD. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a previously unexplored research model for FASD that offers the distinct benefit of highly social behaviour. In this study, we chronically exposed honey bee larvae to incremental concentrations of 0, 3, 6, and 10% ethanol in the larval diet using an in vitro rearing protocol and measured developmental time and survival to adult eclosion, as well as body weight and motor activity of newly emerged adult bees. Larvae reared on 6 and 10% dietary ethanol demonstrated significant, dose-responsive delays to pupation and decreased survival and adult body weight. All ethanol-reared adults showed significantly decreased motor activity. These results suggest that honey bees may be a suitable social animal model for future FASD research.

The article examines the problems of the emergence and development of the flow of refugees from Ukraine during the first half of 2022 as a complex phenomenon that depends on rational (economic) and irrational (social-psychological) factors. The phenomenological model, created on the basis of the Burgers’ equation, which reproduces the process of the involvement of the new refugees to the flow and the resistance of the environment to the formation of this flow, made it possible to analyze such subtle effects as the existence of a hub country, where the initial accumulation of refugees takes place, followed by redistribution, and the influence of infrastructure problems in the exit country. Transitional regimes from the infrastructural problems prevailing in the country of exit to the predominant influence of the hub-country effects are also considered. It is concluded that the entry to new levels of the refugee flow could be achieved due to the effects of emotional and economic (rational) behavior of refugees replenishing the hub, i.e., a stepwise development of the refugee flow is possible if new hubs would be created, or the existing hub will be freed up from overloading. On the basis of mathematical modeling, it is shown that in the case when the refugee flow is restrained by infrastructural problems in the exodus country, the exit to the stationary regime is delayed. Identification of the proposed model was carried out based on the empirical data on the refugee flow development using the apparatus of incorrect problems of the mathematical physics. A comparison of the dynamic effects of the refugee flow development from Ukraine with similar processes in Syria and Iraq was carried out, which allowed for identification of the zones of influence of infrastructure problems and the hub effect in the refugee flow development. The use of the concept of refugees’ economic independence (self-sufficiency), which was developed in 2018 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, was proposed as a basis for policy formation in the field of refugee assistance. The consequences of the discrete use of this concept in the case of refugees from Syria are analyzed, and the dynamics of employment opportunities for these refugees in countries with similar and different socio-cultural conditions were compared. A conclusion was made about the fundamental difference in the employment trends in those types of countries. The authors formulated proposals regarding the utilization of the Monte Carlo methods and the learning model for researching the peculiarities of the process of Ukrainian refugees achieving a certain level of economic independence (self-sufficiency), determining the typical time of reaching such a level, obtaining the distribution of probabilities of getting the first job depending on the initial competencies and skills of refuges, their education, experience, and foreign languages mastery.

Using a support vector machine learning approach and multi-omics data, dysregulation of key cancer driver pathways is revealed in cancer cell lines compared to primary tumors.

The simultaneous development of the European integration processes and military actions in Ukraine requires the justification of innovative approaches to the organization of business processes of transport companies to ensure their competitiveness in difficult conditions. The article substantiates directions and methods of innovative reorganization of business processes of a transport enterprise, taking into account external factors and regional characteristics. The article uses the methods of regression modeling to determine the degree of influence of environmental factors on the activities of enterprises, as well as the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory regarding the feasibility of creating clusters. It was established that the most influential factors of the external environment are the industrial production index (1.818) and the innovation index (0.639). To ensure the effective functioning of transport enterprises under the influence of these external factors, the feasibility of reorganizing their business processes by forming clusters with a logistics outsourcing platform is proposed and substantiated. The article carried out a quantitative assessment of the regions of Ukraine and established that it is most expedient to form transport and logistics clusters in Dnipropetrovsk (specialization index – 1.131), Odesa (specialization index – 1.244) regions and the city of Kyiv (specialization index – 1.810). The article highlights the joint business processes of transport enterprises, on the basis of which it is most effective to design a logistics platform as an integrated system of interaction of participants in the logistics chain according to B2B, B2C, B2G schemes. Common business processes include such groups as informational, economic, technological, financial, marketing, intellectual, managerial, and innovative. The structural components of the logistics and outsourcing platform have been presented. They are logistics and outsourcing companies, information and analytical centers and functional services. The organizational and management mechanism of joint business processes of transport enterprises for the logistics platform has been developed.

The article examines the problems of changing priorities in staff motivation during the crisis and post-crisis period, as a complex socio-psychological phenomenon that can be explained with the help of behavioral economics. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, the main “side” effect, the transformation of motivational priorities, was investigated, which consists in a decrease in the level of job satisfaction with an increase in the level of remuneration, as noted in empirical studies conducted over a very long period of time. PANAS-C was chosen as the tools for empirical study of this phenomenon – a test of an active life position, a survey regarding the degree of satisfaction and significance of the WAMI work, as well as a test to identify the motivational type of Gerchikov. On a representative sample of employees of enterprises belonging to various fields of activity, having different sizes and forms of ownership, we tested and verified the proposed approach to explain the main effect of the transformation of motivational priorities, which consists in the fact that a decrease in the level of employee satisfaction with the growth of material incentives can be compensate with a positive attitude. A hypothesis has been formulated and confirmed regarding the desire of the staff to hide the true, purely material motivation, trying to give “socially justified” answers to questions regarding the motives of activity. The identified feature of behavior manifests itself almost regardless of the form of ownership, size and scope of the company. The authors proposed a phenomenological model that describes the dynamics of the process of changing priorities between external and internal motivation, which manifests itself through a significant decrease in the rate of growth in the efficiency of personnel activities while a significant increase in the level of material incentives continues. A simple approach is proposed to determine the moment of changing priorities between external and internal motivation, which can significantly increase the efficiency of the use of material resources when paying for labor. A kind of “conservation law” for material and non-material incentives (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation) was formulated in the following form: the cumulative result of the influence of material and non-material incentives on the efficiency of the enterprise is a constant value that is preserved for this enterprise or its individual division while ensuring a negligible staff turnover. Using the mathematical interpretation of the most probable law describing the relationship between job satisfaction and efficiency, it was possible to explain many empirical effects that had been identified over a fairly long period. At the same time, the assumption about the existence of a stratification of respondents’ reactions according to different hierarchical levels of the organization did not find adequate confirmation.

One of the tools of self-regulation, which helps to settle a dispute between commercial counterparties from different states is international commercial arbitration. International commercial arbitration is an alternative to the dispute resolution process in state courts, that is – it is an alternative to the mechanisms of the state process. The problem of considering international commercial arbitration through the prism of self-regulation has not been studied from all perspectives and diversity. This issue is especially relevant when businesses seek protection of their violated rights to international commercial arbitration in a hybrid war. It is important to examine: how a self-regulatory instrument is able to implement protection when war is waged. The question arises whether private jurisdiction can provide adequate protection to commercial entities. What is the role of international commercial arbitration? How the public authorities will implement the decisions made by the arbitration against the aggressor state (the state violating investment obligations). Settlement of disputes in a hybrid war can be called “hybrid investment disputes” or “hybrid commercial disputes” depending on the object of the dispute.

The aim of the article is to study the semantic and word-forming features of verbal neolexems of individual author’s in the newspaper language of the late twentieth century. Newspapers of this period may contain neolexems, because the Ukrainian language was at a new stage of its development, Ukraine’s independence. This affected the emergence of new words, as the press daily informed about news in various spheres of life and reflects reality entirely, in dialectical development and has unbounded opportunities to replenish the language vocabulary. To achieve the goal we should solve the following issues: to identify verbal neolexems in the newspaper text of the analyzed period; to explore the means of word formation of individual-authorial verb forms; analyze the meaning of neolexems, pay attention to the semantic features of new words. This goal requires the use of appropriate research methods: structural, the internal organization of language is analyzed, where the elements are related to a certain system of relations; descriptive, it gives the opportunity to consider the features of the neolexems semantics; method of contextual analysis, the functioning of neolexemes is examined in context and their functions, stylistics and context are identified. Verb neolexems of individual author’s are much less represented compared to other parts of speech. These are words that have a peculiar semantic nature and functional and stylistic purpose. They were found to belong to the non-systemic speech phenomena, which illustrate the ways and forms of language development of a particular period, reflect the interrelation between language and speech, and update the word-forming and figurative possibilities of the Ukrainian language. Neolexems demonstrate a violation of grammatical, word-forming, semantic norms, which is due to a certain guideline – to be a source of expressiveness. Neolexems of the studied period preserve the semantics of the corresponding formation bases, but thanks to prefixes and suffixes they transform meanings, expand associations and increase the semantic volume of expression. They attract with their original interrelation between the traditional content of the word and the new semantic form. Such formations enrich the semantics of the sentence, expand the associative connections with other lexemes, consequently the context acquires a unique meaning, which enhances the expressiveness of the whole utterance. Authorial verbs, adjectives and adverbs are always expressive and original. They create not only a vivid verbal image, but also have high informativeness due to their structural features. The subject of the study will constantly need further research, as neolexems are associated with changes in language. In addition, due to the analysis of word-forming possibilities of individual-author elements it will be possible to draw conclusions about productive and non-productive ways of word formation at different stages of language development.

The experience of Russia’s war against Ukraine demonstrates the relevance and necessity of understanding the problems of constant disinformation, the spread of propaganda, and the implementation of destructive negative psychological influence. The issue of dissemination in online media informational messages containing negative psychological influence was researched. Ways of improving the system of monitoring online media using the graph neural networks are considered. The methods of automated fake news detection, based on graph neural networks, were reviewed. The purpose of the article is the analysis of existing approaches that allow identifying destructive signs of influence in text data. It is found that the best way to automate the content analysis process is to use the latest machine learning methods. It was determined and substantiated that graph neural networks are the most reliable and effective solution for the specified task. An approach to automating this procedure based on graph neural networks has been designed and analyzed, which will allow timely and efficient detection and analysis of fake news in the information space of our country. During the research, the process of detecting fake news was simulated. The obtained results showed that the described models of graph neural networks can provide good results in solving the tasks of timely detection and response to threats posed by fake news spread by Russia.

The aim of this research is to reveal historical and contemporary aspects of the similarity, difference, and interaction of Christian and legal spheres of social reality. The legal nature of the proposed study obliges the use of the formal legal (dogmatic) research method with special attention paid to the content and sanctions of legal prescriptions. Thus, the historical development confirms the constant need of mankind both in the picture of the world, the model of the worldview offered by religion, and the normative regulator based on absolute transcendental values. The fundamental role of religion in the origin and development of the law is proved by historical facts.

Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children in the United States and contribute a disproportionate number of potential years of life lost compared to adult cancers. Moreover, survivors frequently suffer long-term side effects, including secondary cancers. The Children's Brain Tumor Network (CBTN) is a multi-institutional international clinical research consortium created to advance therapeutic development through the collection and rapid distribution of biospecimens and data via open-science research platforms for real-time access and use by the global research community. The CBTN's 32 member institutions utilize a shared regulatory governance architecture at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia to accelerate and maximize the use of biospecimens and data. As of August 2022, CBTN has enrolled over 4700 subjects, over 1500 parents, and collected over 65,000 biospecimen aliquots for research. Additionally, over 80 preclinical models have been developed from collected tumors. Multi-omic data for over 1000 tumors and germline material are currently available with data generation for > 5000 samples underway. To our knowledge, CBTN provides the largest open-access pediatric brain tumor multi-omic dataset annotated with longitudinal clinical and outcome data, imaging, associated biospecimens, child-parent genomic pedigrees, and in vivo and in vitro preclinical models. Empowered by NIH-supported platforms such as the Kids First Data Resource and the Childhood Cancer Data Initiative, the CBTN continues to expand the resources needed for scientists to accelerate translational impact for improved outcomes and quality of life for children with brain and spinal cord tumors.

The article presents the results of research on the implementation of the principles of inclusive education in Ukraine, substantiates its relevance in the development of a democratic society and European integration policy. The principles of the state policy in the field of inclusive education, its normative-legal support and international practice of providing educational services to citizens with special needs are described. Advanced experience of inclusion introduction in the educational process of preschool, general secondary, vocational and higher education institutions is analyzed. Official statistics on the total number of people with disabilities in Ukraine; availability of special secondary education institutions (boarding schools) and their contingent; the number of children with disabilities in preschool education institutions, students with disabilities in full-time secondary education institutions, persons with disabilities in vocational education institutions, persons with disabilities among students of higher education institutions etc., have been handled. The importance and expediency of the scientific development of the principles of inclusive education, its practical implementation and study of socio-economic effect are substantiated. Graphic visualization of the correlation between the employed persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities, number of children, pupils, students with special educational needs in education establishments of Ukraine is presented.

To study the stem bioproductivity, the components of the aboveground phytomass of trees and stands of European beech growing on the territory of the Polonynian Range of the Ukrainian Carpathians, experimental data collected during field work during the period of 2006-2017 were used according to the method of prof. P. Lakidа. Using the appropriate dependences on the average diameter and height of trunks and the relative density of stands to determine bioproductivity, the values of the following components of aboveground phytomass of European beech stands were simulated, namely: the phytomass of trunk, trunk bark, branches, branch bark and leaves. The values of the phytomass of the trunk in the bark, branches in the bark and the total phytomass were obtained by adding the values of the corresponding components of the phytomass. It is established that there is a difference in the values of individual components of phytomass. There were also differences in the values of the average mensurational indexes in the studied forest site types (FST), in particular: the value of the average height for stands in FSTC3 from the age of 10 to 100 years increases from 4.1 to 28.7 m, and in FST D3 – from 4.4 to 29.3 m, average diameter – from 4.2 to 30.3 cm and from 4.6 to 30.7 cm, respectively. The number of trees in FSTC3 decreases from 5,640 to 408 pcs.×ha-1 and in FST D3 – from 4,836 to 409 pcs.×ha-1, the sum of cross-sectional areas increases from 7.8 to 29.4 m2×ha-1 and from 8.0 to 30.2 m2×ha-1, respectively. The value of the growing stock also increases from 7.8 to 379.9 m3×ha-1 in FSTC3 and from 8.0 to 387.6 m3×ha-1 and in FST D3. However, the phytomass of the trunk in TSC C3 increases from 11.7 to 276.2 t×ha-1, and in FST D3 – from 15.2 to 278.0 t×ha-1, the phytomass of the trunk bark – from 1, 6 to 13.4 t×ha-1 and from 1.8 to 13.2 t×ha-1, respectively, phytomass of branches – from 5.3 to 64.4 t×ha-1 and from 6.1 to 59, 5 t×ha-1, respectively, the phytomass of the bark of the branches – from 0.6 to 3.8 t×ha-1 and from 0.7 to 3.8 t×ha-1, respectively, the phytomass of the trunk in the bark – from 13.3 up to 289.7 t×ha-1 and from 17.0 to 291.2 t×ha-1, respectively, branches in the bark – from 5.9 to 68.2 t×ha-1 and from 6.8 to 63.2 t×ha-1, respectively, and the total bioproductivity of trees in the studied stands increases from 20.4 to 369.9 t×ha-1 and from 25.1 to 366.1 t×ha-1, respectively. Modal beech stands in their inherent forest types in FST D3 slightly prevail similar ones in FSTC3 in the following mensurational indexes of stands: average height (from 8.4 to 1.7% from the age of 10 to 100 years), average diameter (from 12.9 up to 1.3%), the sum of cross-sectional areas (from 2.81 to 2.73%), the growing stock of stands (from 1.01 to 1.17%). For FST D3 higher values are inherent in the phytomass of the trunk (from 17.4 to 0.4%) and phytomass of the trunk in the bark (from 16.3 to 0.6%). The trunk bark phytomass is higher in FST D3 up to the age of 30 years by 4.4-12.3%, and at an age of 31-100 years higher values are inherent in forest stands in FST C3, where their values predominate similar ones by 2.2-7,6%. The bark of the branches has a similar tendency and up to the age of 70 years FST D3has higher values by 0.2-9.2%, and from the age of 71 to 100 years FST C3 has higher values by 0.3-1.9%. Phytomass of leaves is also higher by 0.5-18.9% in FST D3up to the age of 60 years, and at the age of 61-100 years it has higher values by 0.4-2.8% in FST C3. The total values of phytomass of branches in the bark in FST D3 are higher by 4-2-14.2% at an age of 1-20 years, and from 21 to 100 years higher values by 2.0-7.3% were found in FST C3. It is found that the above-ground trunk phytomass of young stands in general makes 1,087,426 t or 4.4%, middle-aged stands – 12,600,837 t (51.2%), maturing ones – 2,825,636 t (11.5%), mature ones – 4,673,751 t (19.0%) and ovemature ones - 3,405,124 t (13.8%). Analyzing the dynamics of the share of stem bioproductivity, it was found that the share of phytomass of the trunk increases from 38.2 to 75.3%, the bark of the trunk, on the contrary, decreases from 45.3 to 3.6%, branches – from 20.7 to 16.8%, bark of branches – from 1.7 to 1.0%.

This research study examines the issues of methodological support of analytical procedures for managing economic security in relation to both hotel enterprises, in particular airlines, and economic regions in general. The relevance of the selected research topic is determined by the significance of the issues of economic security management of both individual enterprises and economic regions as a whole in view of the current changes in the global economy and the urgent necessity for an adequate and timely response to them in order to create optimal conditions for maintaining economic security at the proper level. The purpose of this research is to determine the main directions of the formation of analytical procedures for managing economic security in the context of the real economic situation in the country in particular and in the world as a whole. The main approach to conducting scientific research is a combination of a systematic approach to the analysis of issues of economic security and its management with the analytical structuring of all the results and conclusions that were obtained and made in the course of this scientific research. The proposed methods were tested on the basis of airlines.

Employment of the non-trivial proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) heterostructures for the creation of novel superconducting devices requires accurate control of magnetic states in complex thin-film multilayers. In this work, we study experimentally in-plane transport properties of microstructured Nb/Co multilayers. We apply various transport characterization techniques, including magnetoresistance, Hall effect, and the first-order-reversal-curves (FORC) analysis. We demonstrate how FORC can be used for detailed in situ characterization of magnetic states. It reveals that upon reduction of the external field, the magnetization in ferromagnetic layers first rotates in a coherent scissor-like manner, then switches abruptly into the antiparallel state and after that splits into the polydomain state, which gradually turns into the opposite parallel state. The polydomain state is manifested by a profound enhancement of resistance caused by a flux-flow phenomenon, triggered by domain stray fields. The scissor state represents the noncollinear magnetic state in which the unconventional odd-frequency spin-triplet order parameter should appear. The non-hysteretic nature of this state allows for reversible tuning of the magnetic orientation. Thus, we identify the range of parameters and the procedure for in situ control of devices based on S/F heterostructures.

The article considers the importance of the process of commercialization of intellectual property for the formation of reputable management of a tourist destination and provides an improved methodological approach to the process of commercialization of intellectual property on the example of the concept of creating a unique tourist product by a business entity. The reputation management of a tourist destination – a set of socio-economic processes of targeted influence on stakeholders of a tourist destination in order to improve their perception of its reputation characteristics, which aims to increase the importance of reputation and form sustainable long-term relationships with stakeholders.The reputation of a tourist destination directly proportionally influences the formation of tourist flow, and, accordingly, the growth of financial revenues, active development of the territory and improvement of the economic climate. With effective reputation management of a tourist destination, a strategic vision of development is formed, investment proceeds are attracted to new business projects and events, to the tourist infrastructure, to job creation. This is achieved through the creation of organizations that can bring together stakeholders and professionals to further promote resources and unique tourism offerings in the tourism arena. Its priority areas are determined by the impact on the formation of reputation through the elements of branding and image, research, analytics, the formation of services and tourism products. And most importantly, promotion through communication channels, which include: public relations (PR), interaction with the media, the involvement of promoters, experts, ambassadors, influencers of the destination through modern Internet technologies. One of the most effective channels of communication today is the Internet and the development of digital products, which include travel portals, mobile applications, digital channels, and more. By certain advantages, such channels are ahead of traditional channels, namely due to: rapid dissemination of information with a wide audience and distribution geography, with less costly control, because monitoring and openness of data simplifies the processes and global digitization of the widespread and tourism industry. And in such conditions, one of the priority steps in creating a tourist product – a unique tourist offer is its copyright protection under current legislation. This advanced method allows the tourism entity or destination as a whole to commercialize and further benefit, and thus improve its reputation in the tourism market by having unique protected tourism offerings within both the regional and national destinations

The current state of world development is characterized by a dynamic deepening of the processes of integration of political, economic, cultural life of the world. Now we can observe the rapprochement of different countries and peoples, which has a significant impact on their culture, values, language and speech elements. This process is called “globalization”. As a result of globalization, there is an interpenetration of languages, which blurs the boundaries between languages, which is manifested in changes in the lexical, grammatical and syntactic levels of language. Borrowings are primarily distributed through the media and the Internet. The objective of the article is to investigate the influence of globalization processes taking place in the society on the formation of the latest business communicative discourse. Research methods: descriptive method, method of comparative analysis, which make it possible to determine the specifics of the Ukrainian language functioning at the present level and draw conclusions about the material processed. At the heart of the globalization of official business discourse is the Ukrainian model of society. It is closely connected with the Ukrainian language, which has been fighting for its rights for centuries in order to take a worthy place among the world’s languages. That is why attention is paid to the development trends of the Ukrainian language in modern conditions, in particular the issue of language culture. Globalization determines the prospects for the development of the Ukrainian language today. The consequence of globalization is cultural integration, it is a tool for influencing national culture and language. The processes of globalization can have both positive and negative effects on the language situation, ie it can be argued that globalization has a two-vector nature. There are three globalization tendencies in the development of the Ukrainian language today. The first is the development in Ukrainian of the world space previously closed to it. The second is a change in the status of the Ukrainian language. Now it is in demand in the official business sphere, in the field of education, culture, economics, politics, etc. The third is language policy in Ukraine, strengthening the role of the Ukrainian language as a state-building language. The modern business sphere is an effective means of transmitting information designed for the maximum audience. Its specificity is determined primarily by its functional nature – to be a means of influence. Business relationships react instantly to changes and events in the world, capture them. The issue of the culture of the Ukrainian language remains relevant and appears globally in the context of the development of the Ukrainian state. Urgently, this issue manifests itself in the official business style, as the field of office work still uses a huge number of copies of the Russian language and forgets about the actual Ukrainian versions. This problem is due to the functioning of the Ukrainian language in the context of bilingualism. We should not forget that the success of the case depends on the level of language training, on the ability to formulate an opinion correctly. Successfully selected words and explanations make it possible to take into account the situation of business communication, the problem and find a decent solution. Therefore, the arsenal of language tools used by the business sector today has changed and requires a separate study

Studies show that the world of finance is not standing still; new methods and tools of attracting and using financial capital are constantly appearing. This, in turn, allows you to implement modern, more complex, strategies for managing profitability and risk of financial transactions. One such tool is hedge funds, which today are the most objective indicators of the development of the global financial system. This is due to the fact that they not only use modern financial technologies to make a profit, but also adapt all their actions to any changes in the world economy and international finance, and sometimes, as practice shows, shape these changes. That is why this investment instrument is one of the most popular in the European and American markets. Their high flexibility attracts the most talented financial managers to hedge funds, who are able to demonstrate impressive long-term results. The purpose of the article is development of an international investment project «Creating a hedge fund with Ukrainian investments» and evaluating its effectiveness. Hedge funds are a specific class of alternative investment funds that use modern capital management strategies, which are not available to «traditional» funds, have the right to invest their participants in any assets, use a hedging strategy for capital management, i.e. simultaneous purchase and sale of assets, trading in various instruments. This is the fastest growing segment of the financial market. The specifics of their activities allow hedge funds to make a profit even during periods of falling stock and bond markets. Hedge funds focus on the maximum return in terms of optimal (specified) risk or the minimum risk in terms of optimal return. Recently, complex algorithms and analytical methods have been developed to attract artificial intelligence for creating profit. Hedge funds are of special interest to Ukraine, but, unfortunately, have not yet appeared in our country. The lack of hedge funds in Ukraine is explained by the lack of necessary laws to regulate the derivatives market; insufficiently active stock market; psychological unpreparedness of domestic investors for possible high risks; lack of qualified specialists. It is proposed to turn to foreign experience and attract the organizational tools that are available today. Namely, to open hedge funds under the jurisdiction of offshore countries and with the involvement of outsourcing for their management and operation. It proposed the creation of a closed, unregulated, discrete hedge fund. The completed calculations of the project for a period of five years demonstrated its feasibility with a positive value of net present value, a discounted payback period of four years and a profitability index of more than one unit

The reaction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, accompanied by an increase in blood cortisol, adequate to the amount of exercise, can serve as an important early indicator of overtraining and stress. Stress, in turn, leads to significant changes in the central nervous system, which is clearly manifested in behavioral reactions. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) may have a simultaneous effect on the regulation of homeostasis in the brain and immune system. The drug IL-2 is effectively used in the treatment of immunosuppression caused by stress, and has stimulating and antidepressant effects. The aim of the study – to evaluate the effect of IL-2 on cortisol levels and the dynamics of behavioral responses in mice under physical stress. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on adult male laboratory mice. Five experimental and one control (without physical training) groups of animals were formed. Group I received an inhibitor of IL-2 (Cyclosporine) (10 mg/kg), groups II, III and IV – IL-2 (Roncoleukin) in concentrations of 5000, 7500 and 30,000 IU/kg, respectively, group V – sterile saline. The method of forced swimming to complete exhaustion with a load was used as physical training. The content of cortisol in the blood serum was determined using reagents "Cortisol – ELISA". The behavior of animals was studied using the method of “Open field”. Results. Stimulation of IL-2 in high concentrations led to a significant increase in serum cortisol levels in mice at 4 and 6 weeks compared to the control and previous period (p≤0.05). Animals administered IL-2 at medium concentrations had a moderate increase in cortisol levels, which increased during all phases of adaptation to exercise. Significant differences were observed compared with the control (respectively, by 51.8 % – at the 4th, by 36.5 % – at the 6th week, p≤0.05). In the group of animals with IL-2 inhibition, cortisol levels at week 4 decreased compared to the previous period (by 16 %, p≤0.05) with a subsequent significant increase (by 110 %, p≤0.05). Groups of animals with low-concentration IL-2 stimulation and no drug exposure showed an increase in cortisol levels compared to controls at week 4 and compared to previous values at week 6 of exercise. During all periods of the experiment, there was a difference in behavioral activity in the “Open field” test depending on the period and the effect of IL-2 of different concentrations or its inhibition. Conclusions. It was found that the introduction of IL-2 affects the concentration of cortisol in the serum of laboratory mice that were exposed to exercise. Animals administered IL-2 at medium concentrations did not have a significant increase in cortisol levels. At low concentrations of IL-2, cortisol levels increased with a significant decrease in the recovery phase. Under conditions of high concentrations of IL-2, cortisol levels increased during all weeks, with a significant jump in the last week of exercise. Therefore, average concentrations of IL-2 have a stress-protective effect under exercise. In a model of physical stress in white mice, it was shown that the introduction of IL-2 affects the behavior of experimental animals. At medium concentrations, IL-2 leads to a decrease in anxiety, increased motor activity of animals and increased research behavior

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: MGMT methylation status is used to predict the response to TMZ. However, a subpopulation of patients lacking MGMT methylation still respond to TMZ. We applied omics approaches and functional studies to a cohort of GBM patients to identify novel markers that may more accurately predict TMZ response. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We applied a combination of omics approaches and functional studies to a cohort of GBM patients to search for novel markers that would predict the response to TMZ treatment more accurately than traditional markers. Using a set of 47 primary and secondary GBM tumor samples, we employed comparative transcriptomics, whole exome sequencing, data independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics, and phosphoproteomics to look for DNA mutations and changes in gene expression and/or protein expression that correlated to response or non-response to TMZ. Subsequently, we performed functional studies and analyzed patient treatment data to validate our results. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This study is in early stage, but we anticipate that our combination of methods may allow us to identify and validate at least one novel biomarker for TMZ response in patient GBM. For example, comparative transcriptomics or phosphoproteomics may identify a previously unrecognized gene or protein over/under-expression in a subset of patients. In this case we will validate findings using western blotting, IHC staining, and through siRNA of target gene/protein on patient derived GBM cells to examine if removal of this marker leads to TMZ sensitivity. We will further confirm prediction of marker correlation through comparison with matched patient treatment data. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The identification of improved biomarkers to predict response to TMZ treatment is a discovery that could rapidly become standard of care for GBM patients. It would ensure that all responders receive TMZ and avoid exposing nonresponders unnecessarily to TMZ and its potential side effects.

The problem of copper diffusion in semiconductor devices has been known for several decades as copper has been used as an interconnecting (bonding) metal and has been intensively studied due to its high diffusion coefficient. The influence of the intensive diffusion of copper, depending on the technology of the deposition regimes, has been investigated in thin-film solar cells based on copper, zinc, and titanium oxides obtained by DC-reactive magnetron sputtering. The observed effect significantly changes the structure of the CuO films and affects the properties of the TiO2:ZnO/CuO photocell. The composition of the layers and the copper diffusion in the photocells were studied using a cross-section obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of the copper diffusion in the layers on the current–voltage (I-V) and power–voltage (P-V) characteristics and optical properties was investigated. The photoelectric behavior of two structures of thin-film solar cells was confirmed through -V research. The values of the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current density (JSC) of photovoltaic devices reached (11 ÷ 15) mV and (6.1 ÷ 6.8) μA, respectively. Furthermore, the Pmax, FF, RS, and RSH values were calculated and analyzed. The difference in the composition of the upper layer of the structure caused changes in the reflection spectra in the wavelength range of 190–2500 nm and, depending on the wavelength, varies in the range of 0–27%.

The article deals with the relevance of using the innovative pedagogical technologies at higher educational institution. The meaning of the concepts “pedagogical technology”, “computer technologies”, “methodical competence” is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the characteristic features of using the innovative pedagogical technologies in the process of methodical training of future foreign literature teachers, taking into account the general laws of the educational process at higher pedagogical institutions and based on personal, activity and competence approaches. The general characteristic of innovative pedagogical technologies of training used at higher educational institutions and effectively influencing the formation of methodical competence is given. They are: structural-logical, integrative, game, computer, interactive, training technologies. These innovative technologies are defined by the type of organization and management of students’ cognitive activity. The connection of innovative pedagogical technologies with personal-activity and competence approaches in teaching is established. The authors state that competence and personal-activity approaches contribute to the adaptation of innovative pedagogical technologies in education through their active introduction into the educational process. The specific features of the introduction of computer technologies in the process of future teachers’ methodical training are analyzed in detail and outlined. Computer technologies in the educational process is a set of methods and technical means of collecting, organizing, storing, processing, transmitting and presenting information that expands people’s knowledge and develops their ability to manage technical and social problems. The paper demonstrates some examples of effective types of students’ pedagogical activity, where computer technologies are the means of teaching. They are: working with information Internet resources, studying the sites of foreign literature teachers, blogs and forums for professional communication, studying teachers’ methodological Internet materials, watching the distant master-classes of teachers-philologists, designing the educational creative projects (the creation of a book trailer, the use of scrub-booking technology). The criteria for evaluating teachers’ master-classes are given. The main types of projects (research, creative, game and information ones) are identified. The structure of project implementation (preparatory, research, presentation and final stages) is described. The study summarizes the necessity of supporting computer technologies through discussions, monitoring, observation, feedback, etc.

The dichotomy “language and speech” will never disappear as a part of research from linguistic studies. These two phenomena nourish and rich each other. Vocative is one of such cross-points between language and speech in Ukrainian. The paradox of the situation happens because there are certain grammar rules, also there is a rule how to use a case itself but unfortunately there are some deviations in speech too. Precisely these deviations are one of the examples of constant language and speech interaction. The relevance of the topic is due to the necessity to explore changes in the Ukrainian language associated with the use of vocative forms as a result of the new time tendency in conditions of modern communicative discourse. The purpose of the article is to consider vocative form (vocative case) formation peculiarities in the Ukrainian language in the newest communicative discourse. To achieve this goal, a descriptive method, a comparative analysis method and a classification analysis method have been used. The vocative case history in the Ukrainian language has changed greately over the last almost 100 years. These changes are being felt even now as despite the fact that vocative case has been fully functioning in the Ukrainian language paradigm since 90s of the twentieth century so far, we can still observe the wrong formation and use of form of appeal – in the nominative case instead of the vocative one. Vocative has been present in Ukrainian since ancient times. Folklore texts, where carols, generosities, spring cherries and other genres are used precisely in the vocative case, can serve its evedence. Vocative was introduced into the case paradigm of the Ukrainian language by the fourth edition of “Ukrainian spelling” and took the 7th place there. More than 25 years have passed since then but the vocative case problem has not disappeared yet, because Ukrainians are bilingual. This leads to a number of errors, since many people forget that the nominative and vocative are two different cases and each of them has its own function in the language. The nominative is the initial form which denotes the name of animated and inanimated nouns. Vocative case performs the function of the addressee`s action. In contrast to the Ukrainian language, nominative case performs two functions – nominative and appellative in the Russian language The vocative case in the Ukrainian language should be considered taking into account the category of gender, number, declination and group. According to the changes occuring in the speech, forming vocative, it is necessary to consider various options for names which exist in the language, exactly: full (official) name, abbreviated (colloquial) name or diminutive form of the name. The vocative case today is gaining momentum in speech and to a certain extent it is becoming unified. This can be seen in the case of two-word references. At the moment, appeals consisting of a common noun and a proper name as well as two common nouns are fully used only in the vocative case although another option has only been possible until recent times: a common noun in the vocative case, a proper name in the nominative; the first name is common in the vocative case, the second one is common only in the nominative case. Perhaps a similar tendency will also soon refer to appeals, which include the nominal name and surname. Time will tell.

The paper is a review view data on the role of silicon (Si) in the physiology of higher taxa plants; data on the synthesis and localization of Si in cells, as well as its participation in the mechanisms of tolerance and plasticity of plants under the influence of adverse environmental conditions. The unique physical properties of silicon are described, which explain its bioactivity as a regulator of absorption and reflection of sunlight, as well as a regulator of photosynthesis. The role of silicon in the regulation of water balance and transpiration of plants, in the protection of plant cells for the action of biotic and abiotic stresses by including protective mechanisms at the level of the organs, tissue and cell are shown. Recent studies have shown some homology of aquaporin proteins and silicon transporters. Particular attention is paid to the effect of silicon on the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of osmotic substances and secondary metabolites with protective properties. The study confirms that the conceptual basis for the protection and preservation of flora from abiotic and biotic stresses may be the preservation and reproduction of species characterized by increased silicon uptake and accumulation of this ion in plant organs. Thus, the obtained data indicate the prospects of further studies of silicon participation in plant adaptation to adverse changes upon environmental factors in natural ecosystems or agrocoenosis with modern conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure and forecast of global climate change.

Purpose – to assess the tourism industry development and its impact on Ukraine’s economy, to identify a set of problems hindering the significant development of the tourism industry, and to justify ways to increase competitiveness in the world market. Design/Method/Approach of the research. System approach, synthesis, analysis and comparison to assess the tourism development dynamics in Ukraine, correlation and regression analysis to determine the impact level of increasing the number of hotels and tourist-recreational enterprises on GDP growth in Ukraine, logical generalization to identify a set of problems holding back the significant development of local tourism and ways justification of increasing its competitiveness on the world market. Findings. This article presents the results of assessing the tourism dynamics, particularly the tourist flows, the number of resorts, the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents. The authors substantiated the ways of increasing the local tourism sector's competitiveness. Practical implications. The work results can make the basis for the development of fundamental and scientific-applied provisions contributing to the significant system formation of increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine's tourism industry by state and local authorities, establishing cooperation among market participants and forming optimal logistics flows, developing business models to optimize the flows of health and recreational facilities. Originality/Value. The research value is that its applied scientific provisions can be implemented in the strategy of economic development of local tourism in analytical and mathematical justifications of the relationship between economic growth and tourism development, which ultimately increases Ukraine regions’ competitiveness for sustainable development of the country’s economy. Research limitations/Future research. Future research should focus on identifying mechanisms to improve the procedure for increasing tourism enterprises' competitiveness and improving provided service quality. Paper type –empirical.

Purpose: finding out the features of logical methods for obtaining conclusions on humanitarian subjects. The task of this scientific research is to analyze the logical paradigmatic aspects of humanitarian knowledge, such as the differences in the formation of sets, logical forms and conclusions, and so on. Methods: a set of logical methods such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization, informal logic of understanding, etc. Scientific novelty: the logic of humanitarian knowledge is formed on the basis of the logic of historical knowledge, the specificity of which is manifested in the special meaning of individual sets that receive direct and indirect meaning, form the corresponding logical connections in obtaining conclusions. When obtaining conclusions on humanitarian subjects, the formation of an exemplary individual is a plurality. Its ideal qualities are transferred to an unnamed set. Thus, the integrity of the humanitarian subject is created. In the transition from parts to the whole there is a “logical jump”, which is also the difference in the procedure for obtaining a conclusion. Widely used rational understanding by identifying the value of the whole. Understanding can be strong or weak. The difference in the logic of humanitarian knowledge is primarily due to the peculiarity of the work of human thinking, which uses specific tools in formatting various scientific disciplines and organizing the cognitive process. Among the many new approaches and methods of the humanities developed in phenomenology, existentialism, philosophy of life, structuralism, postmodernism, etc., hermeneutics should be noted. It is hermeneutics that occupies a special place in humanitarian knowledge due to its ontology and logic. Conclusions: the logic of humanitarian knowledge is formed on the basis of historical consciousness, relies on ontology and has signs of the logic of practical thinking. In its formation, it is advisable to use the theory of practical judgments and conclusions, taking into account subjective values of life experience, obtaining the logical values of truth and falsehood. The terms of deductive and non-deductive forms are based on judgments about values. The logic of humanitarian knowledge to a large extent is hermeneutical logic, which, in turn, is the logic of rational understanding.

The purpose of the article is to consider the empirical calculations of the level of de-shadowization of tax gaps in the system-compositional model of the fiscal policy of the state. The methodological approach to cointegration of the level of de-shadowization of tax gaps into the system-compositional model of fiscal policy is substantiated, taking into account the strategic determinants of financial and economic development of the state. The method of calculation of the integrated indicator of strategic alternatives is presented and represents the configuration of the modified system of fiscal innovations in relation to the taxation of economic entities. A methodical approach to estimating the level of de-shadowization of the tax gap on the income tax of economic entities is proposed. The level of unit testing of variables of de-shadowization of tax gaps from indicators of financial and economic development of the EU and Ukraine is analyzed. It is concluded that one of the most influential factors today is the de-shadowization of the economy. The future directions are the research of the ways to improve Ukraine’s fiscal policy.

The article studies the specifics of the information and communication technologies in the educational process. The effectiveness of leveraging information and communication technologies in teaching English by means of a pedagogical experiment is substantiated and practically verified. The initial level of students’ humanitarian competency at the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment has been determined. The structural-functional components of humanitarian competency are specified: motivational-self-actualizational, knowledge-content, activity-procedural and reflexive-correctional. The system of diagnostic methods of the studied didactic phenomenon has been developed. The detailed analysis of diagnostic information on the levels of humanitarian competency development and the criteria for the individual strategies effectiveness has been conducted. The authors have determined a number of difficulties such as lack of students’ motivation and skills for independent-cognitive activities. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the collected diagnostic information the program of the forming stage of the pedagogical experiment supported by information and communication technologies as a means of intensifying students’ independent-cognitive activities has been elaborated. The most well-known computer assisted language learning latforms and programs have been examined. The choice of the "Tell me more" interactive compurer-based program as the didactic mechanism for providing constructive influences is substantiated. The implementation of the program in the educational process with further definition of students’ humanitarian competency levels at the control stage of the pedagogical experiment is described. The results of the experimental and control groups as well as formulated conclusions about the effectiveness of information and communication technologies in teaching English in the context of students’ humanitarian competency development have been researched and compared.

Abstract Piglets must acquire passive immunity through colostrum within hours after birth to survive. How colostral macromolecules traverse the small intestinal epithelium may include nonselective pinocytosis and paracellular transport through tight junction proteins located between epithelial cells. Claudin proteins‐3 and ‐4 contribute to the epithelial tight junctions (TJs) on the apical aspect of lateral surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) where they help regulate ion and macromolecule movement across the intestinal epithelium. Throughout the small intestine of newborn piglets, Claudin‐3 was localized to the lateral and basolateral surface of intestinal epithelial cells as well as the membrane of large vacuoles. In the duodenum and jejunum, Claudin‐4 was localized to the apical surface independent of tight junction regions. In the ileum, Claudin‐4 was localized to the lateral and basolateral surfaces indicating region‐specific differences and noncanonical patterns of Claudin‐4 localization independent of tight junction regions. Understanding the timing of changes in surface localization of Claudin‐3 and Claudin‐4 and how they may coincide with changes in small intestinal permeability may help develop new protective strategies against infectious diseases within newborn piglets.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: A functional precision medicine platform to identify therapeutic targets for a glioblastoma patient with Li Fraumeni syndrome was performed. Comparative transcriptomics identified druggable targets and patient derived organoids and a 3D-PREDICT drug screening assay was used to validate the pipeline and identify further therapeutic targets. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A comparative transcriptomics pipeline was used to identify druggable genes that are uniquely overexpressed in our patient of interest relative to a cancer compendium of 12,747 tumor RNA sequencing datasets including 200 GBMs. Mini-ring patient derived organoid-based drug viability assays were performed to validate the comparative transcriptomics data. Additionally, a spheroid-based drug screening assay (3D-PREDICT) was performed and used to identify further therapeutic targets. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Using comparative transcriptomics STAT1 and STAT2 were found to be significantly overexpressed in our patient, indicating ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor, as a potential therapy. Druggable pathways predicted using comparative transcriptomics corresponded with ruxolitinib sensitivity in a panel of patient derived organoids screened with this compound. Cells from the LFS patient were among the most sensitive to ruxolitinib compared to patient-derived cells with lower STAT1 and STAT2 expression levels. Additionally, 3D-PREDICT screening identified the mTOR inhibitor everolimus as a potential candidate. These two targeted therapies were selected for our patient and resulted in radiographic disease stability. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This research illustrates the use of comparative transcriptomics to identify druggable pathways irrespective of actionable DNA mutations present. Our results are promising and serve to highlight the importance of functional precision medicine in tailoring treatment regimes to specific patients.

У статті розглянуто проблему використання QR-кодів як складника сучасного підручника. Обґрунтовано актуальність уведення QR-кодів до змісту підручників української мови. Уточнено визначення QR-коду, під яким визначено компактний носій навчальної інформації обсягом близько трьох тисяч байт, закодованої за допомогою спеціальних програм або сервісів і графічно представленої як чорно-білий або кольоровий квадрат. Установлено, що QR-код уможливлює розширення й поглиблення теоретичних відомостей із навчального предмета. У підручниках української мови матеріали, вміщені на QR-кодах, розширюють і поглиблюють теоретичні відомості й дидактичний матеріал, сприяють удосконаленню орфоепічних, граматичних, правописних умінь і навичок учнів, виконують функцію контролю, пропонуючи тестовий та інший матеріал для встановлення рівня сформованості знань, умінь і навичок учнів. Визначено й обґрунтовано функції QR-кодів у структурі підручників української мови – мотиваційну, інформаційну, розвивальну, виховну, рефлексійну, контрольну. Здійснено аналіз змісту підручників української мови для 10 класу та рукопису підручника для 11 класу, що містять QR-коди. Наведено відомості про експериментальну перевірку ефективності застосування QR-кодів, у процесі якої учні експериментальних класів систематично залучалися до роботи з QR-кодами, уміщеними в підручнику української мови, що передбачали опрацювання теоретичних відомостей, які розширювали й поглиблювали зміст підручника, виконання творчих, дослідницьких завдань, що спонукали учнів до спостережень над мовою, виконання вправ на редагування, тестових завдань. Визначено принципи відбору теоретичного матеріалу для QR-кодів, до яких віднесено доступність матеріалу, його комунікативну значущість, новизну, емоційність, роль у формуванні предметної компетентності учнів. Наведено конкретні приклади кодування інформації в підручниках української мови: теоретичних відомостей, матеріалів засобів масової інформації (інтерв’ю, телепередач, виступів) для аналізу їх учнями, тестових завдань, прикладів правильних відповідників девіантних текстів, запропонованих учням для редагування тощо.

Проблематика. Однією з найактуальніших проблем у світі є пандемія COVID-19. Від її поширення і тривалості залежить, чи будуть продовжувати послаблювати карантинні обмеження, які впливають на економічну та соціальну ситуацію в світі загалом та в Україні зокрема. Мета дослідження. На основі аналізу літературних джерел і власних проведених досліджень здійснити прогноз кількості хворих на COVID-19 в Україні та розробити рекомендації щодо доцільності введення наступних етапів послаблення карантину. Методика реалізації. Виявлення кореляційної залежності між кількістю хворих на коронавірус в Україні та інших країнах. Побудова трендів для здійснення довго- та середньострокового прогнозів кількості хворих на COVID-19 в Україні. Застосування неітераційних штучних нейронних мереж (ШНМ) на основі радіально-базисних функцій (РБФ) із додатковими латеральними зв’язками між нейронами прихованого прошарку для здійснення короткострокового прогнозу кількості хворих на коронавірус. Результати дослідження. Виявлено кореляційну залежність між кількістю хворих на коронавірус в Україні, Італії та Іспанії. Побудовано тренд за допомогою поліномів із 2 до 6-го степеня для довгострокового прогнозу кількості хворих на COVID-19 в Україні і здійснено довгострокові прогнози. Для середньострокового прогнозу використано подібність траєкторій України з траєкторіями Польщі та Швеції. Встановлено, що Україна все більше відхиляється від траєкторії Польщі і наближається до траєкторії Швеції із запізненням у 2-3 дні. Застосовано РБФ ШНМ із додатковими латеральними зв’язками між нейронами прихованого прошарку для короткострокового прогнозу кількості хворих на COVID-19 в Україні. Середньоквадаратична зведена до діапазону значень похибка навчання ШНМ для прогнозу на 14 днів становить 0,55 %, максимальна – 1,43 %. Висновки. На основі здійснених прогнозів показано вплив першого етапу послаблення карантину та показано, як вплине на захворювання другий етап послаблення карантинних обмежень.

To protect the health of sows and gilts, significant investments are directed toward the development of vaccines against infectious agents that impact reproduction. We developed an intrauterine vaccine that can be delivered with semen during artificial insemination to induce mucosal immunity in the reproductive tract. An in vitro culture of uterine epithelial cells was used to select an adjuvant combination capable of recruiting antigen-presenting cells into the uterus. Adjuvant polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), alone or in combination, induced expression of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and select chemokines. A combination adjuvant consisting of poly I:C, host defense peptide and polyphosphazene (Triple Adjuvant; TriAdj), which previously was shown to induce robust mucosal and systemic humoral immunity when administered to the uterus in rabbits, was combined with boar semen to evaluate changes in localized gene expression and cellular recruitment, in vivo. Sows bred with semen plus TriAdj had decreased γδ T cells and monocytes in blood, however, no corresponding increase in the number of monocytes and macrophages was detected in the endometrium. Compared to sows bred with semen alone, sows bred with semen plus TriAdj showed increased CCL2 gene expression in the epithelial layer. These data suggest that the adjuvants may further augment a local immune response and, therefore, may be suitable for use in an intrauterine vaccine. When inactivated porcine parvovirus (PPV) formulated with the TriAdj was administered to the pig uterus during estrus along with semen, we observed induction of PPV antibodies in serum but only when the pigs were already primed with parenteral PPV vaccines. Recombinant protein vaccines and inactivated PPV vaccines administered to the pig uterus during breeding as a primary vaccine alone failed to induce significant humoral immunity. More trials need to be performed to clarify whether repeated intrauterine vaccination can trigger strong humoral immunity or whether the primary vaccine needs to be administered via a systemic route to promote a mucosal and systemic immune response.

Abstract The aim of the proposed work was to analyze the toxicity of oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTox), functionalized by doxorubicin (CNT-Dox) and fluorescein (CNT-FITC) on cell and organism level. The cytotoxic effect of CNTox, CNT-Dox, and CNT-FITC was analyzed on tumor cells in vitro (2-D, 3-D cultures) and on Balb2/c mice model in vivo. As a result, it was demonstrated the possibility of doxorubicin immobilization on the surface of CNT and controlled release of doxorubicin (Dox) from the surface of CNT. Dox immobilization coincident with decreasing cytotoxic effect CNT-Dox compared with free Dox. Breakdown of peptide bonds with CNT surface led to the release of doxorubicin and dose-dependent enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of CNTs and Dox. The combined cytotoxic effect from CNTs, Dox, and trypsin on the survival of tumor cells was shown. At the organism level, it was investigated the effect of the obtained nanostructures on the state of hepatic enzymatic system, the protein metabolism, and cell blood composition of the experimental animals. CNTox influence in vivo model was statistically the same as control. CNT-Dox demonstrated lower total organism toxic effect compared to the pure doxorubicin. Deviations in the cell blood composition indicated a general toxic effect of CNT-Dox, but it was more moderate compared with of pure doxorubicin. From the data obtained, we concluded that binding CNTs with doxorubicin allows reducing toxicity of the doxorubicin on the general biochemical indicators of blood and violations in the blood cells composition in vivo. At the same time, the combined effect of CNTs and doxorubicin after drug release allowed us to achieve greater efficacy in suppressing tumor growth in vitro.

Formation of the information society as a new form of social reality functioning by means of multi-indicators - symbols - signals - stimulus – codes stimulates the ever-increasing intellectualization of all types of social practices, including education. It undergoes the process of transformation into a theory and practice of continuous professional development of cognitive workers capable of self-processing information and acquiring new knowledge based on using IT. The main areas of reforming education in Ukraine is to bring its essence and content into line with the contemporary development world trends, caused by civilizational changes and challenges, as well as its ability to provide adequate responses to them. Based on a synthesis of scientific literature on the educational development in the information society and analysis of the current trends in the development of the postgraduate education system in Ukraine, the article provides SWOT analysis of the development of this educational branch in the conditions of its informatization, individualization and integration into the European information educational space. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems, advantages, threats and prospects of informatization of the national postgraduate education and transforming it into an open system. The study concluded that the effective functioning of postgraduate education in the open information educational space is ensured by its variability, flexibility, and the ability to create optimal conditions for the individualization of the educational process based on a combination of formal, informal and informal education. An open university of postgraduate education is proved to provide such conditions most optimally. The perspective directions and development goals of the national system of open postgraduate pedagogical education in Ukraine are determined. The following model of this process is introduced: "civilization change - educational problem - search for ways and development of a program for its solution - displaying them in the content and forms PPE - accreditation and implementation of the corresponding educational programs varied in diversity of their content and profiles - monitoring the quality of their implementation."

У статті з позицій праксеології розглянуто аспекти формування у майбутніх учителів умінь обрати серед розмаїття програмних засобів саме той продукт, який за наявним у ньому інструментарієм виявиться найраціональнішим для розв’язання конкретної професійної задачі (на прикладі підготовки вчителів інформатики) використовувати програми динамічної математики (ПДМ). Описано технологію формування таких умінь, яка базується на формулі «одна задача – різні програмні засоби». Описано методику організації відповідного експериментального навчання на базі Сумського державного педагогічного університету (Україна) і наведено результати статистичного опрацювання одержаних даних на основі непараметричного знакового критерію для залежних вибірок. Виявлено, що урахування такого підходу забезпечує позитивну динаміку рівня підготовки майбутніх учителів інформатики на рівні значущості 0,05.