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The first-priority directions for modern engineering, especially for multiproduct manufacturing, include the intensification of manufacturing processes, increasing the efficiency of technological equipment, and reducing the time required to implement technological solutions. Fixture design is a complicated and time-consuming process that requires considering many parameters of the closed-loop technological system “machine tool — fixture — cutting tool — workpiece”. One machined part can have several fixture layouts corresponding to all specified parameters; however, their effectiveness differs depending on production conditions. Search for an optimal fixture for specified production conditions is an essential stage of production planning. It has been proved that the efficiency of a manufacturing process should be assessed using single economic indicator — the cost of machining, which considers the costs of time, the total costs for process realisation, and a batch of parts. The paper aims to substantiate the efficiency of manufacturing processes in machining complex parts using flexible fixtures by developing a mathematical model that considers the cost of time, the cost of implementing the manufacturing process, and the batch value of parts production. This approach estimates the efficiency of manufacturing processes for machining complex parts and choosing the flexible fixture layout that corresponds to specific production conditions. It was proved that flexible fixtures could be effectively used for machining small batches of parts with frequent readjustments to new workpieces and short-term machining. A tendency has been established that the higher number of nomenclature of parts contributes to expanding the scope of the effective use of flexible fixtures.

The widespread catalysts and nuclear fuel production are the sol-gel technology, including several stages, namely, the raw materials preparation, dispersing it into drops, the granules formation in gas and then in liquid media, granules removal with liquid separation. The vibration granulator is proposed to use on the dispersion stage. One of the problems in their development is determining the vibrational characteristics of a perforated bucket filled with liquid to a certain level. Considering that vibrations are transmitted from the emitter disk through the liquid melt and cause vibrations of the perforated shell, in research, it was decided to use the Fluent Flow and the Transient Structural modules of the ANSYS Workbench software. As a result, numerical simulation results of the emitter disk vibration effect on the cylindrical body are presented. Also, parameters of a discrete mathematical model are evaluated by the bucket vibrations characteristics. The corresponding model considers the inertial, stiffness, and damping properties of functional elements. Additionally, according to the modal analysis results of the priller body, it was determined the eigenfrequencies of the hydromechanical system. Finally, based on the numerical simulation results and their analysis using Fourier transformations, it was determined that the oscillations of the lower part of the bucket, consisting of two harmonic oscillations that equal 230 Hz and 520 Hz.

This article presents a low-tonnage oil and gas processing plant (OGPP-20), its main process equipment and the operating principle. Three methods for producing a liquefied propane-butane fraction and designs of the equipment for its implementing are proposed: compression and condensation, compression and further throttling which allows the compressed gas cool to lower temperatures and rectification. The results of numerical studies of the methods of producing liquefied propane-butane in the Aspen HYSYS program for the thermodynamic model of Peng–Robinson substantiate the method of obtaining the liquefied propane-butane fraction and its design.

Fixtures play a significant role in ensuring the quality of products in manufacturing engineering. The paper considers fork-type parts that have a complex spatial configuration and needs to be machined by drilling-milling-boring equipment in one setup. In fixture design, it is necessary to provide wide tool accessibility, and therefore the choice of locating surfaces of the workpiece is an important step. The mathematical approach for determining the coordinates of contact points between the workpiece and the locating and clamping elements fixtures in the coordinate system is developed in this paper. The geometric parameters of the workpiece are taken into account in determining the coordinates. It allows to apply the proposed approach for parts of another standard size, but the same design and technological features. The technology of augmented reality is an effective tool at the design stage of fixtures and allows to visualize the developed fixture configurations. This approach has been successfully applied for such parts as levers, connecting rods, flat parts.

The article deals with the recent developments in the fuel industry, considering the permanent increasing requirements for fuel quality and environmental safety. The work aims to study various technological modes at the rectification unit to produce fuel bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The main goals are to solve applied scientific problems of rational designing and technological optimization to obtain boundaries of energy consumption to ensure the quality of bioethanol sufficient for a consumer. Recent approaches for numerical simulation of chemical technological processes were applied to study the operating processes and optimize technological parameters. The plant model was designed from various modules that allow us to simulate technological processes efficiently and accurately for all the primary units of the rectification equipment. The methodology based on the activity coefficient UNIFAC model of phase equilibrium was applied. As a result, a mixture with 74% of bioethanol 9% of impurities was obtained in the brew column. In the epuration column, a mixture of 46% bioethanol and 2.2% of impurities was obtained in bottoms. Finally, in the alcohol column, the mass fraction of distillate of 96.9% and impurities of 2.7% were reached. The numerical simulation results can be applied in recent fuel technologies and designing the corresponding biofuel plants.

One of the essential characteristics of the pumps is the head–capacity curve. The shape of this characteristic depends on the type of pump, its design features, and other parameters. Nowadays, for obtaining the head–capacity curve, widely used computer simulation by using computer programs which base on the finite volume method. The most popular program for this aim is ANSYS CFX. The results of numerical simulation from the above program have a reasonable correlation of the experimental results. Pump design has an inducer and booster, which are considered in the article. For optimization of them designing by using the above program, the parametric geometries are necessary. Method for making them is described in the chapter.

The foaming device can be used to carry out mass transfer and heat exchange processes between gas and liquid and for cleaning gases in the chemical, petrochemical, food, and related industries. A paper presented a combined contact device, which increases the efficiency of mass transfer, avoid clogging by creating a high-intensity, turbulized gas-liquid layer, which does not allow dispersed particles to accumulate on the sheets of the tray and stabilizer, provides a better dip of the liquid on the tray, with a significant decrease in the hydraulic resistance of the separation and mass transfer equipment. The article is considered a theoretical approach to defining the hydrodynamic performances of a combined contact device, determine critical gas mass value, at which the dynamic foam layer becomes unstable. The realization of the stabilization method of the gas-liquid layer greatly extends the scope of foaming devices and opens new possibilities for intensifying varied technological processes.

Installations for the treatment of oilfield wastewater have been developed. The article presents a solution to hydrocyclone installations for the treatment of oilfield wastewater based on the use of swirling flows. Due to the centrifugal forces in the hydrocyclone and the turbulent water movement, the armor shells of oil droplets are destroyed, enlarged, and the monodispersity increases. The forces acting in the hydrocyclone are considered, and the efficiency of centrifugal forces in separating solid particles is estimated. The main parameters and requirements for the quality of oilfield wastewater are given, recommended for calculation in developing new and improving existing oilfield wastewater treatment plants for oil reservoir flooding, which allows increasing oil recovery by 1,5–2 times. Improving the systems of field preparation of products includes developing new effective technical means, including hydrocyclones and the improvement of traditionally used equipment. Hydrocyclone can be used as the main element in the wastewater treatment system. The regime is observed, in which there is no over-dispersion of the remaining oil in the water (water in oil). Thus, the device implements a mechanism for separating light (oil, gas) and heavier fractions (sediment, water, oil).

Investigating characteristics for the secondary breakup of dropping liquid is a fundamental scientific and practical problem in multiphase flow. For its solving, it is necessary to consider the features of both the main hydrodynamic and secondary processes during spray granulation and vibration separation of heterogeneous systems. A significant difficulty in modeling the secondary breakup process is that in most technological processes, the breakup of droplets and bubbles occurs through the simultaneous action of several dispersion mechanisms. In this case, the existing mathematical models based on criterion equations do not allow establishing the change over time of the process’s main characteristics. Therefore, the present article aims to solve an urgent scientific and practical problem of studying the nonstationary process of the secondary breakup of liquid droplets under the condition of the vibrational impact of oscillatory elements. Methods of mathematical modeling were used to achieve this goal. This modeling allows obtaining analytical expressions to describe the breakup characteristics. As a result of modeling, the droplet size’s critical value was evaluated depending on the oscillation frequency. Additionally, the analytical expression for the critical frequency was obtained. The proposed methodology was derived for a range of droplet diameters of 1.6–2.6 mm. The critical value of the diameter for unstable droplets was also determined, and the dependence for breakup time was established. Notably, for the critical diameter in a range of 1.90–2.05 mm, the breakup time was about 0.017 s. The reliability of the proposed methodology was confirmed experimentally by the dependencies between the Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers for different prilling process modes.

This article was aimed to solve an urgent problem of ensuring quality for prilling processes in vibrational prilling equipment. During the research, the need for the application of vibrational prilling to create a controlled impact on the process of jet decay on droplets with the proper characteristics was substantiated. Based on the experimental and theoretical studies of the process of decay of a liquid jet into drops, axisymmetric droplet oscillation modes for the different frequencies were observed. Frequency ranges of transition between modes of decay of a jet into drops were obtained. As a result, the mathematical model of the droplet deformation was refined. The experimental research data substantiated this model, and its implementation allowed determining the analytical dependencies for the components of the droplet deformation velocity. The proposed model explains the existence of different droplet oscillation modes depending on the frequency characteristics of the superimposed vibrational impact. Based on an analytical study of the droplet deformation velocity components, the limit values of the characteristics defining the transition between the different droplet oscillation modes were discovered. Analytical dependencies were also obtained to determine the diameter of the satellites and their total number.

The area of the contact surface of phases is one of the main hydrodynamic indicators determining the separation and heat and mass transfer equipment calculations. Methods of evaluating this indicator in the separation of multicomponent two-phase systems were considered. It was established that the existing methods for determining the interfacial surface are empirical ones, therefore limited in their applications. Consequently, the use of the corresponding approaches is appropriate for certain technological equipment only. Due to the abovementioned reasons, the universal analytical formula for determining the interfacial surface was developed. The approach is based on both the deterministic and probabilistic mathematical models. The methodology was approved on the example of separation of two-phase systems considering the different fractional distribution of dispersed particles. It was proved that the area of the contact surface with an accuracy to a dimensionless ratio depends on the volume concentration of the dispersed phase and the volume of flow. The separate cases of evaluating the contact area ratio were considered for different laws of the fractional distribution of dispersed particles. As a result, the dependence on the identification of the abovementioned dimensionless ratio was proposed, as well as its limiting values were determined. Finally, a need for the introduction of the correction factor was substantiated and practically proved on the example of mass-transfer equipment.

У роботі досліджувалися укрупнені моделі пінних апаратів з гратками, зібраними з трубок різного діаметра. Розглядаються питання інтенсифікації пінних апаратів із застосуванням крупнодірчастих граток. Відзначена можливість глибокого очищення і практично повного очищення газів від аміаку і фтористих з’єднань при їх роздільній абсорбції. Наведено ряд експериментальних залежностей основних параметрів процесу. Підтверджена можливість ефективного проведення масообміних процесів в інтенсивному пінному шарі на протитечійних крупнодірчастих гратках. В этой работе изучаются расширенные модели для пенообразующих аппаратов с решетками из труб различного диаметра. Рассмотрена проблема интенсификации пенообразующих устройств с использованием крупнозернистых решеток. Отмечается возможность глубокой очистки и практически полной очистки газов от аммиака и фторидных соединений с их отдельным поглощением. Приводится серия экспериментальных зависимостей для основных параметров процесса. Подтверждена возможность эффективных процессов массообмена в интенсивном слое пены на противоточных решетках с крупной решеткой. Спорные требования к оборудованию были даны, несмотря на большое количество существующих машин для процессов массопереноса. In this work the expanded models are studied for foaming apparatuses with gratings made of tubes for different diameters. The problem of intensification of foam devices using coarse-grating lattices is considered. The possibility of deep cleaning and practically complete cleaning of gases from ammonia and fluoride compounds with their separate absorption is noted. The series of experimental dependencies for the main parameters of the process are given. The possibility of effective mass-exchange processes in an intensive foam layer on counter-current coarsegrating lattices is confirmed. The controversial requirements for equipment have been given despite the large number of existing machines for mass transfer processes, as well as the development of new high-intensity and efficient equipment for environmental technologies in many industries is considered.

In this paper, ways for the improvement of technological equipment realizing the separation process in the oil and gas industry are considered. The refined mathematical model of dropping liquid motion is proposed in a two-dimensional formulation. Using the proposed design scheme, the kinematic parameters of the dropping fluid motion in a plane channel limited by two walls are considered. The model is based on the generalized Tchen’s equations with the correction of Corrsin–Lumley. As a result of integration for the given initial conditions, analytical dependencies for the velocity components are obtained, considering the nonstationary velocity components of the gas flow. Based on the obtained dependencies using the probabilistic approach, expressions for determining the rational geometry of the operating channel are obtained for ensuring the reliability of the vibration separation process. Particularly, an effective zone of vibration impact was found. Finally, the step of gutters and their effective width are determined to ensure the capture of the most amount of dropping liquid.

The research paper is aimed at improving the scientific and methodological approach for ensuring the reliability of technological equipment of energy-efficient modular separation devices by means of identifying the parameters of the refined mathematical models describing the main and secondary hydromechanical processes. Based on the critical review of the recent achievements in the field of separation and purification technologies, it is shown that combining vibrational-inertial separation allows one to increase both the separation efficiency and a range of the implementation of the corresponding technological equipment. Due to the object of study which is the separation processes of multicomponent heterogeneous systems, the assumption is that the separation efficiency can be increased by the proper organization of flow modes. As a result, the refined mathematical model of the gas-liquid flow is proposed. This model allows one to evaluate the total response of the dispersed phase on the vibrating wall and to determine the trajectories of dropping particles. Finally, the methodology for determining the separation time and the effective length of gutters for capturing dispersed liquid is presented.

One of the promising methods for efficiency increase of heterogeneous systems separation is the gas-dynamic separation method. Devices that implement this method act like the automatic control systems that have as a controlled action (elastic force) and the regulating object (hydraulic resistance). It should be noted that calculations of these devices contain a number of difficulties with the solution of the aerohydroelasticity problem. To overcome the above difficulties, the process of the calculation methodology for this separation devices was divided into three stages. The first stage considers accounting only a gas phase, the second stage – both liquid and gas phase, and the third stage – the mechanical vibrations impact on the separation efficiency. This paper describes the development of the test stand for experimental studies of the dynamic separation devices, which is necessary at each stage. The designed test stand allows one to determine the deflections and stresses of deformable elements, amplitudes and frequencies of oscillations, as well as the gauge pressure and separation efficiency by using a single board computer Arduino MEGA 2560 uploaded software for collecting data from the sensors. The ADC Delta-Sigma Data Acquisition Shield for Arduino is used to achieve better accuracy through over-sampling, digital filtering, noise shaping, decimation, and synchronization of measurements from all connected sensors.

In this research work, hydrodynamic peculiarities of turbulent gas-dispersed flow were considered. Analysis of the existing assumptions and simplifications for modeling the process of turbulent transfer of dispersed particles in turbulent two-phase flow was carried out within the theoretical study of the dispersed particle motion in gas flow. As a result of the analytical solution, the trajectories of dispersed particles have been obtained. The dimensionless criterion for determining geometrical features of particles’ trajectories has been discovered. The dependences of the particle entrainment rate and overflow index on the diameter of dispersed particles were obtained. These dependencies are confirmed by the formulas determined previously by Brandt, Freund, and Hideman based on studying the vibration and acoustic impact on turbulent flow. The obtained results can also be applied to determine the Lagrangian frequency of turbulent pulsations by geometrical features of particles relative trajectories as Lissajous figures. Finally, the turbulent migration phenomenon for dispersed particles in gas-dispersed flow between vibrationally-weighted layers in the direction from the vibrating wall to the stationary one has been proved analytically.

Film downflow from captured liquid without wave formation and its destruction is one of the most important aspects in the development of separation equipment. Consequently, it is necessary to create well-organized liquid draining in areas of captured liquid. Thus, the proposed 3D mathematical model of film downflow allows for the determination of the hydrodynamic parameters of the liquid film flow and the interfacial surface. As a result, it was discovered that the interfacial surface depends on the proposed dimensionless criterion, which includes internal friction stress, channel length, and fluid density. Additionally, equations for determining the averaged film thickness, the averaged velocity vectors over the film thickness, the longitudinal and vertical velocity components, and the initial angle of streamline deviation from the vertical axis were analytically obtained.

According to modern technological requirements, the problem of increasing the efficiency of drilling-milling-boring machine tools is the first priority in multiproduct manufacturing. In this regard, the use of fixtures is an obvious stage in ensuring the quality and accuracy of engineering products. In this paper, the main objectives are related to the choice of locating charts in fixture design. Based on the developed algorithm, a reasonable choice of locating elements for parts is implemented using the 3-2-1 locating chart. Additionally, the decision-making sequence is given in the process of choosing the functional elements of the fixture using the database. The related algorithm considers the design and technological features of the workpiece. The practical significance of the research is in the application of CAFD for the proper choice of fixture locating elements. As a result, the proposed approach allows increasing the efficiency of designing technological equipment and reducing the complexity of technological preparation of the manufacturing process.

Článek popisuje absorpční proces plynného amoniaku do kapalné vody v deskovém tepelném výměníku, který je považován za kritickou část absorpčního chladicího systému. Jsou aplikovány dva přístupy pro numerickou simulaci absorpce. První přístup spočívá v simulaci jak vlastního rozpouštění atomů plynného amoniaku v kapalné vodě, tak i jejich následné chemické reakci s molekulami vody za vzniku hydroxidu. Ve druhém, zjednodušeném, přístupu je simulována pouze první část absorpce, tedy jen rozpouštění molekul bez jejich následné reakce. This paper describes the absorption process of gaseous ammonia into liquid water in the plate heat exchanger, which is considered to be the crucial part of an absorption cooling system. Two approaches are utilized to numerically simulate this absorption process. In the first approach, the dissolution of gaseous ammonia into liquid water, as well as the following chemical reaction between the dissolved liquid ammonia and liquid water, are modeled. In the second approach, only the dissolution of ammonia into water is considered. The Henry’s Law with Van’t Hoff correlation is used for the simulation of the ammonia absorption process, namely the calculation of the concentration of ammonia in gas and in liquid. The Henry’s law is utilized since its line has the best correlation with the ammonia-water equilibrium line for the concentrations, which is taken into account in the numerical simulations. The ammonia mass flux from gas to liquid phase and its concentration at the outlet of the computational domain is determined as a result of the simulations.

This paper considers modular dynamic separation devices as automatic control systems, which have hydraulic resistance as a regulation object and elastic forces as a control impact. The way for extension of the range of their efficient operation is proposed using vibration-inertia separation process. The related mathematical model of the abovementioned separation process is realized in three stages. This paper deals with numerical simulation of the aeroelastic interaction between gas flow and deformable elements in modular separation devices using the ANSYS Workbench software package. It should be noted that the modules Transient Structural and Fluent are used by system coupling combination. Two-way FSI method is chosen for simulation of aeroelasticity problem. Boundary conditions of symmetry are used for reducing of resource consumption of the problem solution. Methods of the dynamic meshes deforming are considered for additional preventing from negative volumes occurrence, as well as other significant settings for this type of problem are described. The oscillation frequencies of the deformable elements are determined according to the results of a numerical experiment for gas flow inlet velocity in the range from 3 to 6 m/s. The highest oscillation frequency 153 Hz is determined and observed for the inlet flow velocity equal to 4 m/s.

In article considers hydrodynamic and heat mass transfer performances of simultaneous implementation of the heat mass transfer processes on tubular gratings with the stabilizer and a heat exchanger. The optimal service conditions for the absorber are determined. Analyzing the obtained data, we can conclude that high efficiency of using foam devices with the stabilization of the built-in heat exchangers at the stage of absorption of sulfur trioxide in the sulfuric acid production is shown. Efficient heat dissipation with the help of internal refrigerators provides the de-sired temperature mode of absorption, which allows eliminating all the bulky heat exchange economy in existing systems. The high performance activity of an absorber of the investigated construction is exhibited during the implementation of simultaneous processes. The industrial implementation of the stabilization method of the gas-liquid layer greatly extends the scope of foaming devices and opens up new possibilities for the intensification of the technological processes creating the low-waste technologies in chemical technology and other industries.

This The article deals with the modeling of separation processes in a multifunctional oil-gas separator of “HEATER-TREATER” type, which allow effectively separating a gas-liquid hydrocarbon mixture into separate components by the combination of different methods of separation (processes of heating, separation, and dehydration). The engineering technique for design calculation of sections of the device is developed considering the main factors influencing the separation process and determines the optimal hydrodynamic and structural parameters. The method of testing the hypothesis of increasing the parameters of linear motion for the mixture in the apparatus more than 2.0–2.5 times is proposed by using CFD model of the porous medium. This approach is aimed at reducing finite volume grid, which contains a significant number of elements. According to this technique, it is necessary to determine the related constant (which contains in viscous coefficient of resistance) separately for each type of plate according to the results of the numerical experiment. For the less laborious and consumptive determination of the constants, the proposed approach should be based on the results a numerical experiment.

This book reports on topics at the interface between manufacturing, mechanical and chemical engineering. It gives special emphasis to CAD/CAE systems, information management systems, advanced numerical simulation methods and computational modeling techniques, and their use in product design, industrial process optimization and in the study of the properties of solids, structures, and fluids. Control theory, ICT for engineering education as well as ecological design, and food technologies are also among the topics discussed in the book. Based on the 2nd International Conference on Design, Simulation, Manufacturing: The Innovation Exchange (DSMIE- 2019), held on June 11-14, 2019, in Lutsk, Ukraine, the book provides academics and professionals with a timely overview and extensive information on trends and technologies behind current and future developments of Industry 4.0, innovative design and renewable energy generation.

Fixtures play an important role in the production of high-quality and competitive products, especially in the context of multiproduct manufacturing, which requires fast reequipment in the transition to the machining of parts of the other type. The article deals with the problem of determining the optimal dimensions of the fixture functional elements for machining of the lever-type parts within a given size group. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of machining by optimizing the design of a flexible fixture through the proper choice of parameters of the fixture elements. Fixture configurations were analyzed by means of the parametric optimization algorithm. The reserves for fixture optimization were revealed, and possible variants of the fixtures for the limiting size of the levers within the given size group were investigated. Based on the research of static structural, modal, and harmonic analyses of fixture configurations, optimal parameters of each element of the flexible fixture were found out. The optimal design of the fixture is proposed, which can provide multiaxis machining of all sizes of levers within a given size group with the required accuracy.

The obtained solution of the mathematical model of liquid’s distribution and migration in the filter layer as flow model in the fibrous environment, which describes the non-pressure filtration motion in the gravity field of the separated liquid film from the gas-drop flow, allows to determine the saturation conditions of the free volume of the filter layer, distribution of speed and pressure under the conditions of free liquid’s movement in the filter layer, as well as to calculate the required cross-sectional area of the thin-layer fibrous filter element and the optimum height of the location of the overflow chutes for draining the separated liquid from the inertial-filtering to the drainage channels in order to avoid the secondary removal of droplets with the turbulent gas flow. As a result, the application rate of the separated liquid which falls from the filter element of the inertial-filtering separation channel to the drainage channels is obtained, as well as the dependence for the overflowed gutter of diverting the separated liquids from the inertial-filtering to the drainage channels is presented.

The article is aimed at developing the scientific and methodological approach of using artificial neural networks (ANN) for solving applied problems in the field of mechanical engineering. This approach is based on the comprehensive implementation of ANN with the modern methods of numerical analysis (e.g., the finite element method) and analytical methods of the research with the use of mathematical modeling of the dynamic state for mechanical systems. Conceptual schemes for the implementation of the abovementioned approach are proposed for solving a number of interdisciplinary problems, such as investigation of the dynamics for rotary machines and hydroaeroelastic interaction of gas-liquid mixtures with deformable structural elements, as well as the dynamic analysis of fixtures. The main advantages of the proposed approach in comparison with the traditional regression analysis are the ability to learn and improve the ANN architecture, and to solve nonlinear problems of the parameters’ identification for mathematical models by using data of the results of physical experiments and numerical simulations. This approach allows refining parameters of the linear and nonlinear mathematical models describing the complicated mechanical and hydro-mechanical interactions under the impossibility of determination of an absolutely precise solution of the equations describing the process, as well as the incompleteness of the initial data.

The new methods of vibration and inertial gas-dynamic separation of gas-condensate and dusty flows and the corresponding separation devices are proposed in order to avoid emergencies and premature wear of parts and components of the compressor equipment. The formation of the gas flow and disperse particles in the curvilinear convergent-divergent channels are investigated. The optimizing hydrodynamic profiling of a geometrical configuration of curvilinear separation channels with rigid and flexible walls of baffles is carried out.