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1. Perspectivas en disrupción endocrina

Author

Olea N., Fernández M.F., Araque P., and Olea-Serrano F.

Subjects
Disruptores endocrinos, Exposición medioambiental, Evaluación del riesgo, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

La descripción de alteraciones en la función reproductora de algunas especies de animales salvajes, junto a la demostración de la exposición humana y animal a sustancias químicas con actividad hormonal -agonista y antagonista- generó, hace dos décadas, lo que se conoce hoy día como hipótesis de disrupción endocrina. Se trata de un problema emergente de salud medioambiental que ha cuestionado algunos de los paradigmas en que se fundamenta el control y la regulación de uso de los compuestos químicos. La necesidad de incluir en los tests toxicológicos habituales nuevos objetivos de investigación, que se refieren específicamente al desarrollo y crecimiento de las especies y a la homeostasis y funcionalidad de los sistemas hormonales, ha venido a complicar tanto la evaluación de los nuevos compuestos químicos como la revaluación de los existentes. Sus repercusiones sobre la reglamentación y el comercio internacional no se han hecho esperar y a ambos lados del Atlántico se han diseñado y establecido sistemas de cribado de disruptores endocrinos y se han desarrollado programas de investigación con objeto de cualificar y cuantificar los efectos adversos sobre la salud humana y animal y poder actuar con medidas de prevención.

Published
2002

9. Comparison of diet quality between young children and adolescents in the Mediterranean basin and the influence of life habits

Author

Giménez Blasi,N., Latorre,J. A., Martínez Bebia,M., Olea Serrano,F., and Mariscal Arcas,M.

Subjects
Southern Spain, Young people's diet, MET, Diet quality
Abstract

Introduction: the dietary intake patterns of children should be monitored because of their influence on health in adulthood. It is now widely accepted that childhood nutrition is linked to specific diseases such as obesity and to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Therefore, knowledge of dietary intake during childhood may be useful to identify possible risk factors for disease in adulthood. The main focus of research into children's diets has been the contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients. Objective: several indices have been developed for assessing the diet quality of previously defined population groups. The aim of the present study was to compare the nutritional status of Andalusian children and adolescents and examine the relationship between their diet quality and socio-demographic or lifestyle factors. Results and conclusions: the food intake of the younger children in this study was closer to RDIs compared with the adolescents, who generally reported a lower energy supply in their diet than the recommended. The mean (SD) diet quality score was 12.1 (1.9) for the younger children (6-9 years) and 9.4 (3.2) for the older group (10-17 years), a statistically significant difference. A good correlation was found between energy intake (MJ/kg body weight) and estimated energy (MET MJ/kg body weight).

Published
2019

12. Effects of maternal diet and environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides on newborn weight in Southern Spain

Author

Monteagudo, Celia, Mariscal-Arcas, M., Heras-Gonzalez, L., Ibañez-Peinado, D., Rivas, A., Olea-Serrano, F., Monteagudo, Celia, Mariscal-Arcas, M., Heras-Gonzalez, L., Ibañez-Peinado, D., Rivas, A., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Abstract

An appropriate eating pattern is essential during childbearing years and pregnancy to ensure a healthy pregnancy and newborn. Our group developed a Mediterranean Diet Score for Pregnancy (MDS-P) based on the MD and the specific need of pregnant women for Fe, Ca, and folic acid. Humans are daily exposed to endocrine disruptors, which may alter body weight and hormone system regulation. This study analyzed the relationship of maternal diet and in utero exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with newborn weight in mothers and newborns from Southern Spain. Higher MDS-P score, folic acid supplementation, and greater in utero exposure to endosulfan-diol and endosulfan-1 were related to higher newborn weight. MDS-P score was not associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy (above or below 12 Kg). Residues from one or more OCPs were detected in 96.5% of umbilical cord serum samples from 320 newborns. The most frequent residues were endosulfans (96.5%). The presence of endosulfan-diol, endosulfan-I, p-p´DDT, folic acid supplementation, and a higher MDS-P (>8) were predictive factors for newborn overweight (>3500 g). Conversely, smoking during pregnancy, shorter gestation time (32-36 vs. 37-39 weeks), and lesser maternal weight gain during pregnancy predicted lower newborn weight (<2500 g). These results indicate prenatal exposure to OCPs in Southern Spain and its possible impact on the weight of healthy full-term newborns. Further studies are warranted to interpret the consequences of this exposure and identify preventive measures. Adherence to the MD and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy emerged as predictive factors for overweight in newborns., Funding Agency:Andalusian Regional Government AGR255

Published
2016
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16. Association between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) and bone mineral density in Spanish women

Author

Rivas, A., Romero, A., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Monteagudo, C., López, G., Lorenzo, M.ª L., Ocaña-Peinado, F. M., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Subjects
Nutrición, Bone mineral density, Antioxidantes, Densidad mineral ósea, Antioxidants, Nutrition
Abstract

Background: Several lines of evidence suggest a tight association between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in humans. The intake of antioxidants may influence Bone Mineral Density by acting as free radical scavengers, preventing oxidation-induced damage to bone cells. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score and bone mineral density in a sample of healthy women. Methods: A total of 280 women were grouped into three major groups: women aged ≤ 35 years; women aged 36-45, and finally women aged >45 years. Calcaneous Bone Mineral Density (g/cm²) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data on the eating habits of each participant were collected with a structured 24-hour diet recall questionnaire. A Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score was used to calculate antioxidant-nutrient intake. Results: A significant and positive association was observed among Bone Mineral Density and dietary intake of vitamin C and selenium. Zinc intake was significantly related to Bone Mineral Density in the youngest group. Low antioxidant consumers were considered individuals whose Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score was lower or equal than the median (3.5), and high antioxidant consumers were those whose Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score were higher than 3.5. Bone Mineral Density was higher in the participants defined as high antioxidant consumers in all aged groups. Conclusion: The study showed that there is an association between Bone Mineral Density and the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score in all the women studied. Therefore, new therapies for osteoporosis based on higher dietary antioxidant intakes might be developed basing on the results obtained in this study. Antecedentes: Varias líneas de evidencia sugieren que existe una estrecha relación entre el estrés oxidativo y la patogénesis de la osteoporosis en humanos. La ingesta de nutrientes antioxidantes puede influenciar la densidad mineral ósea al neutralizar los radicales libres, previniendo el daño oxidativo a las células de hueso. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es establecer la asociación entre un Índice de Calidad Antioxidante de la Dieta y la densidad mineral ósea en una muestra de mujeres sanas. Métodos: Un total de 280 mujeres participaron en el estudio. Las participantes fueron agrupadas por edad en tres categorías: edad ≤ 35 años; edad entre 36 y 45 años y con edad superior a 45 años. Las medidas de la densidad mineral ósea (g/cm²) del calcáneo fueron realizadas por absorciometría dual de rayos X. Los datos sobre los hábitos alimentarios de cada participante fueron recogidos mediante recordatorios de 24 horas. El Índice de Calidad Antioxidante de la Dieta se utilizó para calcular la ingesta total de nutrientes antioxidantes. Resultados: La ingesta de vitamina C y selenio está asociada significativamente a la densidad mineral ósea. En el grupo de mujeres de edad inferior, la ingesta de zinc está relacionada con la masa ósea. Los individuos cuyo Índice de Calidad Antioxidante de la Dieta es inferior o igual a la mediana (3,5) son considerados de bajo consumo antioxidante, y aquellos individuos cuyo Índice de Calidad Antioxidante de la Dieta es superior a 3,5 se consideran de alto consumo antioxidante. En todos los grupos estudiados, la densidad mineral ósea fue significativamente superior en los sujetos cuya dieta tiene un alto consumo de nutrientes antioxidantes. Conclusión: El trabajo muestra que existe una asociación entre la densidad mineral ósea y el Índice de Calidad Antioxidante de la Dieta en todos los grupos de mujeres estudiadas. Por lo tanto, basándose en los resultados de este estudio, se pueden desarrollar nuevas terapias para la osteoporosis basadas en una ingesta elevada de nutrientes antioxidantes.

Published
2012

17. Comparison of methods to evaluate the quality of the Mediterranean diet in a large representative sample of young people in Southern Spain

Author

Mariscal-Arcas, M., Velasco, J., Monteagudo, C., Caballero-Plasencia, M. A., Lorenzo-Tovar, M. L., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Subjects
Southern Spain, Young people's diet, Mediterranean Diet Pattern adherence (MDP), Sur de España, Dieta de jóvenes, Dieta de jóvenes del Sur de España, Young people´s diet, Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Índice Internacional de Calidad de la Dieta (DQI-I), Adherencia al Patrón de Dieta Mediterránea, Diet quality
Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the usefulness of two methods to evaluate diet quality in young people in Southern Spain: a new Mediterranean Diet Pattern (MDP) and a modification of the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) for the Mediterranean area. The study population was 3190 schoolchildren aged 8-15 yrs. The questionnaires used were first validated (Bland-Altman plot and Wilcoxon tests) in a randomized sample. The DQI gives a more detailed evaluation of food components, whereas the MDS gives global information on food groups but includes foods characteristically consumed in the Mediterranean region. Highly similar results were obtained using the MDP and the adapted DQI-I, which appear to be equally useful to evaluate diet quality in a Mediterranean population. The fact that we selected the same types of food for both indices may explain the similar overall evaluations. According to these results, both methods appear to be equally appropriate for evaluating diet quality in a Mediterranean population., El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la utilidad de dos métodos para evaluar la calidad de la dieta de jóvenes en el sur de España: un nuevo patrón de dieta mediterránea (MDP) y una modificación de la dieta del índice de calidad-Internacional (ICD-I) para el área Mediterránea. La población de estudio fue 3.190 escolares de entre 8-15 años. Los cuestionarios utilizados fueron validados primero (gráfico de Bland-Altman y las pruebas de Wilcoxon) en una muestra tomada al azar. El ICD-I ofrece una evaluación más detallada de los componentes de los alimentos, mientras que el MDP proporciona información global sobre los grupos de alimentos, que incluye alimentos típicamente consumidos en la región mediterránea. Se obtuvieron resultados similares utilizándole MDP y la adaptación del ICD-I, que parecen ser igualmente útiles para evaluar la calidad de una dieta en una población mediterránea. El hecho de que se seleccionaron los mismos tipos de alimentos para ambos índices podría explicar la similitud de las evaluaciones globales. De acuerdo con estos resultados, ambos métodos parecen ser igualmente apropiado para evaluar la calidad de la dieta en una población mediterránea., This study was supported by the Health Department of Granada City Council, Spain, the Junta de Andalucia, Spain (Research Group AGR-255) and the University of Granada, Spain (Postdoctoral Grant).

Published
2010

18. Estimation of dietary folic acid intake in three generations of females in Southern Spain

Author

Monteagudo, Celia, Mariscal-Arcas, M., Palacin, A., Lopez, M., Lorenzo, M. L., Olea-Serrano, F., Monteagudo, Celia, Mariscal-Arcas, M., Palacin, A., Lopez, M., Lorenzo, M. L., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Abstract

An adequate folic acid intake has been related to female fertility. The recommended intake of this vitamin was recently increased to 400μg/day, with an additional 200μg/day during pregnancy. The Mediterranean Diet includes sources of folate such as pulses, green-leaf vegetables, fruit, cereals, and dried fruits; other foods of interest are liver and blue fish. The objectives were to determine the foods that contribute most to folate intake and analyze the factors that influence their consumption by three generations in a female population (n=898; age, 10-75yrs) from Southern Spain: 230 adolescents (10-16yrs), 296 healthy pregnant women (19-45yrs), and 372 menopausal women (>45yrs). Participants completed a previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Over 90% of their folate intake was supplied by cereals, fruit, natural juice, pulses, and cooked and raw vegetables. The mean (SD) daily intake of folate was 288.27(63.64) μg. A higher Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was significantly related to a greater folate intake. The daily folate intake was not significantly influenced by educational level, number of children, or place of residence (rural vs. urban). In logistic regression analysis, the factors related to an adequate folate intake (>2/3 of recommendations) were higher age, higher MDS, and lower BMI., Funding Agencies:European Union Commission QLK4-1999-01 422 FOOD-CT-2004-506319Health Department of Granada City Council-University of Granada, Spain 2260Junta de Andalucia, Spain AGR-255University of Granada, Spain

Published
2013
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19. Assessment of the estrogenicity of the diet of a healthy female Spanish population based on its isoflavone content

Author

Hernandez-Elizondo, J., Monteagudo, Celia, Murcia, M A, Olea, N., Olea-Serrano, F., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Hernandez-Elizondo, J., Monteagudo, Celia, Murcia, M A, Olea, N., Olea-Serrano, F., and Mariscal-Arcas, M.

Abstract

Phytoestrogens are natural components of plants consumed by humans. The hormonal activity of these substances has long been known. Various in vitro tests have demonstrated the agonistic or antagonistic estrogenic activity of some phytoestrogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the supply of isoflavones in the diet of a healthy adult female population and to assess its estrogenic effect. The diet was assessed by questionnaire and the estrogenicity of the estimated isoflavone content was tested by E-screen, finding a mean total estrogenic capacity of 0.129 × 10⁻¹⁰ eq.E₂ (12.9 pmol day⁻¹), corresponding to a daily isoflavone intake of 265.8 μg day⁻¹. This study offers a preliminary insight into the phytoestrogen content of the diet of a healthy active population of Spanish women. The effects of this additional hormonal burden are highly controversial, and this approach to estimating dietary phytoestrogen intake of specific populations may help to elucidate its implications for human health., Funding Agencies:University of GranadaSpanish Ministry of EducationManuel de Oya ProgramSpanish Ministry of Health, Andalusian Regional Government INMA-G03/176 AGR255European Union Commission QLK4-1999-01422 QLK4-CT-2002-00603

Published
2013
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20. Perspectivas en disrupción endocrina

Author

Olea, N., Fernández, M.F., Araque, P., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Subjects
Disruptores endocrinos, Exposición medioambiental, Environmental exposure, Evaluación del riesgo, Endocrine disruptors, Risk assessment
Abstract

La descripción de alteraciones en la función reproductora de algunas especies de animales salvajes, junto a la demostración de la exposición humana y animal a sustancias químicas con actividad hormonal agonista y antagonista generó, hace dos décadas, lo que se conoce hoy día como hipótesis de disrupción endocrina. Se trata de un problema emergente de salud medioambiental que ha cuestionado algunos de los paradigmas en que se fundamenta el control y la regulación de uso de los compuestos químicos. La necesidad de incluir en los tests toxicológicos habituales nuevos objetivos de investigación, que se refieren específicamente al desarrollo y crecimiento de las especies y a la homeostasis y funcionalidad de los sistemas hormonales, ha venido a complicar tanto la evaluación de los nuevos compuestos químicos como la revaluación de los existentes. Sus repercusiones sobre la reglamentación y el comercio internacional no se han hecho esperar y a ambos lados del Atlántico se han diseñado y establecido sistemas de cribado de disruptores endocrinos y se han desarrollado programas de investigación con objeto de cualificar y cuantificar los efectos adversos sobre la salud humana y animal y poder actuar con medidas de prevención. Two decades ago, reports of alterations in the reproductive function of some wild animal species and clear evidence of human and animal exposure to chemical substances with hormonal activity agonist and antagonist generated what is known now as the hypothesis of endocrine disruption. This is an emerging environmental health problem that has challenged some of the paradigms on which the control and regulation of the use of chemical compounds is based. The need to include in routine toxicology tests new research objectives that specifically refer to the development and growth of species and to the homeostasis and functionality of hormonal systems, has served to complicate both the evaluation of new compounds and the re-evaluation of existing ones. The repercussions on regulation and international trade have not taken long to be felt. On both sides of the Atlantic, screening systems for endocrine disrupters have been designed and established, and research programmes have been launched to characterise and quantify adverse effects on human and animal health and to develop preventive measures.

Published
2002

21. Follow-up study of diet and nutritional and physical state of young expert Alpine skiers at a training camp : [Estudio del seguimiento nutricional y estado físico de jóvenes esquiadores expertos durante una concentración de entrenamiento]

Author

Mariscal-Arcas, M., Monteagudo, Celia, Palacin-Arce, A., Tur, J. A., Fernandez de Alba, M. C., Olea-Serrano, F., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Monteagudo, Celia, Palacin-Arce, A., Tur, J. A., Fernandez de Alba, M. C., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the diet, body composition and physical condition of six young Spanish skiers away from parental control and able to choose their own meals during a training stay at a Chilean ski resort. Methods: A protocol was developed to record diet, physical condition, training activity, and other incidences. Anthropometric measurements were taken weekly following the Spanish Sports Council protocol for the detection of sport talents. Their physical condition was examined every two weeks. Results: The six young Alpine skiers showed a considerably higher protein intake than recommendations and a mean percentage of energy from carbohydrates very close to the recommended percentage. The best predictor of iron status is considered to be the proportion of total protein in the diet. This proportion was considerably below recommendations. The BMI and %fat were negatively correlated with performance in flexibility, sit-ups and balance tests. Conclusions: The body composition of these young sportspeople influenced some physical test results. Despite the absence of parental influence, these children at this training camp freely selected a diet appropriate to their needs., Objetivo: Determinar la dieta, la composición corporal y la condición física de seis jóvenes esquiadores españoles, lejos del control paterno y pudiendo elegir su propia comida durante el entrenamiento, alojados en una estación de esquí de Chile. Métodos: Se desarrolló un protocolo para registrar la dieta, la condición física, la actividad y cualquier otra incidencia. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas semanales siguiendo el protocolo español del Consejo Superior de Deportes para la detección de talentos deportivos. La condición física se examinó cada dos semanas. Resultados: Los seis jóvenes esquiadores alpinos mostraron una ingesta de proteínas considerablemente mayor que las recomendaciones y un porcentaje medio de energía procedente de carbohidratos muy cercano al recomendado. Un buen indicador del estado del hierro se considera la proporción de proteína total en la dieta. Esta proporción era considerablemente inferior a las recomendaciones. El IMC y el porcentaje graso se correlacionaron negativamente con los test de flexibilidad, pruebas de equilibrio y abdominales. Conclusiones: La composición corporal de estos jóvenes deportistas influye en los resultados de las pruebas físicas. A pesar de la ausencia de influencia de los padres, estos niños seleccionaron libremente una dieta adecuada a sus necesidades., This study was supported by the Junta de Andalucía, Spain (Research Group AGR-255 “Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment”), a Research Project nº FMD2010SC0071 by Consejería de Turismo, Comercio y Deporte (Junta de Andalucía), a collaboration agreement with Andalusian Centre of Sport Medicine (Junta de Andalucía), and a Postdoctoral Grant from the University of Granada (Spain) and a FPU Programme from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.

Published
2011

22. Validation of questionnaires to estimate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and life habits in older individuals in Southern Spain

Author

Marisca-Arcas, M., Caballero-Plasencia, M. L. A., Monteagudo, Celia, Hamdan, M., Pardo-Vasquez, M. I., Olea-Serrano, F., Marisca-Arcas, M., Caballero-Plasencia, M. L. A., Monteagudo, Celia, Hamdan, M., Pardo-Vasquez, M. I., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional behaviour of an elderly urban population in Southern Spain, estimating their degree of adherence to the Mediterranean. DIET DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional nutritional survey, recruiting a representative sample of elderly inhabitants. The study sample comprised 260 people. The mean age was 73.60 yrs for the men and 72.25 yrs for the women. Around 70% lived with their family. RESULTS: The questionnaires used were first validated by using the Bland-Altman plot and the Wilcoxon test for paired samples. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was around 50%, similar to findings in other Mediterranean populations. We highlight the mean consumption of milk and milk products (300-317 g/day) and of fruit/vegetables (250 g/day), which are slightly below recommendations. Our study subjects were all autonomous in their movements and were physically independent: 80% reported that they performed some type of physical activity. CONCLUSION: In this study, both adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and physical activity were considered as components of a healthy life. In summary, a majority of this elderly population was slightly overweight, considered themselves to be in good health., Funding Agencies:Concejalia de Salud del ExcmoAyuntamiento de Granada (Spain)University of Granada (Spain)Andalusian Regional Government AGR255

Published
2011
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23. Nutritional analysis of diet at base camp of a seven thousand-metre mountain in the Himalayas

Author

Mariscal-Arcas, M., Carvajal, C., Monteagudo, Celia, Lahtinen, J., Fernandez de Alba, M. C., Feriche, B., Olea-Serrano, F., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Carvajal, C., Monteagudo, Celia, Lahtinen, J., Fernandez de Alba, M. C., Feriche, B., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the diet of a group of high-mountain climbers at 4,500 metres. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on the diet of a group of high-mountain climbers at their base camp (4,500 m). Results: The mean intake was 11.85 MJ/day (2,833 kcal/day), which provided an inadequate supply of energy and micronutrients to replenish deposits. Their mean carbohydrate intake (39.5%) was excessively low, since carbohydrate-rich diet favours acclimatization and the capacity for recovery. Their daily intake of 1.5-2.5 g/protein/kg of bodyweight was very similar to recommendations (1.5-2.0 g/kg/day). Conclusions: The climbers underwent a drastic change from their habitual Mediterranean diet, rich in monounsaturated fats (largely olive oil), to a diet rich in polyunsaturated fats (largely soy oil). The Sherpa-prepared diet on this expedition was not balanced. It was rich in saturated polyunsaturated fats and relatively poor in proteins and especially carbohydrates, similar to the traditional diet of climbers. Dietary strategies need to be developed to increase the intake of nutrients that favours the physical recovery of climbers and their altitude-acclimatization and to avoid micronutrient deficiencies., Objetivo: Evaluación de la dieta de un grupo de escaladores de alta montaña a 4.500 metros. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado sobre la dieta de un grupo de escaladores de alta montaña en su campamento base (4.500 m). Resultados: La ingesta media fue de 11,85 MJ/día (2.833 kcal/día), que proporcionan un suministro inadecuado de energía y micronutrientes para reponer los depósitos. El consumo promedio de los hidratos de carbono (39,5%) era excesivamente bajo, ya que la aclimatación y la capacidad de recuperación se favorece con una dieta rica en carbohidratos. La ingesta diaria de 1,5-2,5 g/proteína/kg de peso corporal fue muy similar a las recomendaciones (1,5-2,0 g/kg/día). Conclusiones: Los escaladores sufrieron un cambio drástico de su dieta mediterránea habitual, rica en grasas monoinsaturadas (aceite de oliva en gran medida), al pasar a una dieta rica en grasas poliinsaturadas (principalmente aceite de soja). La dieta preparada por los serpas, en esta expedición, no era equilibrada. Era una dieta rica sobre todo en grasas saturadas y poliinsaturadas, relativamente pobre en proteínas y carbohidratos, similar a la dieta tradicional de los escaladores. Se deben desarrollar estrategias en la dieta para aumentar la ingesta de nutrientes que favorezcan la recuperación física de los escaladores y su aclimatación a la altura y así evitar carencias de micronutrientes.

Published
2010

24. Dietary exposure assessment of pregnant women to bisphenol-A from cans and microwave containers in Southern Spain

Author

Mariscal-Arcas, M., Rivas, A., Granada, A., Monteagudo, Celia, Murcia, M. A., Olea-Serrano, F., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Rivas, A., Granada, A., Monteagudo, Celia, Murcia, M. A., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Abstract

Bisphenol-A (BPA), material for polycarbonate and epoxy resin synthesis, has been detected in canned food, among other food containers. In mammal studies, BPA transferred from mother to fetus, caused abnormality of reproductive organs, and advanced female puberty. BPA from canned food and microwave containers was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Population was cohort of mother-son pairs established at Granada University Hospital. Frequency of food consumption (including canned food) was studied with a semi-quantitative questionnaire. The most frequently consumed products were fish and juice cans, consumed 1-3 times/week by 34.7% and 22.3% of the study population, respectively. The women made little use of polymer microwave containers, 52.8% never using them and 45.9% using them <3 times/month. Estimated mean (standard deviation) intake of BPA was 1.1(0.839) microgram/day. No relationship was found between BPA exposure and maternal socio-demographic variables or newborn characteristics. This study offers the first estimate of BPA dietary intake by pregnant women in Southern Spain. The consumption of canned foods and drinks by these women means that their exposure was lower than EFSA estimates for the European population. Nevertheless it remains of concern, given the proven undesirable effects of low-level exposure and higher susceptibility of pregnant women., Funding Agencies:Junta de Andalucia AGR141European Union Commission QLK4-1999-01422 FOOD-CT-2003-506319

Published
2009
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25. Validation of questionnaires for the study of food habits and bone mass

Author

Rivas, A., Romero, A, Mariscal, M., Monteagudo, Celia, Hernández, J., Olea-Serrano, F., Rivas, A., Romero, A, Mariscal, M., Monteagudo, Celia, Hernández, J., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The loss of bone mass and density is influenced by nutritional factors that act on the bone mass peak, age-related bone loss and muscle strength. The objective of the present study was to validate a food frequency questionnaire applied to estimate the relationship between food habits and bone mineral density (BMD) in a healthy adult population. METHODS: The results of the food frequency questionnaire were compared with 24-hr recall findings. Calcaneus BMD was measured by densitometry. RESULTS: The validity of the questionnaire was demonstrated, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.014 to 0.467. The Bland-Altman test also found no differences in study variables between the two methods. Correlation analysis showed that the BMD was significantly associated with the intake of vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin B12, folate, thiamine and iron. Total fat consumption was not associated with BMD but the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids, EPA, DHA and cholesterol showed a significant correlation. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire evaluates the consumption of energy and nutrients with adequate validity. Its application revealed the importance for bone health of a diet rich in B-group vitamins, vitamin D, calcium, iron, monounsaturated fatty acids and n-3., Antecedentes: La pérdida de masa y densidad de los huesos esta influenciada por factores nutricionales, actuando sobre el pico de masa ósea, la pérdida ósea relacionada con la edad y la fortaleza muscular. El objetivo del presente estudio es validar un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos aplicado a la estimación de la relación entre los hábitos alimentarios y la densidad mineral ósea de una población adulta sana. Métodos: Los resultados obtenidos mediante el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos se compararon con los de recordatorios de 24 horas. Las medidas de la densidad mineral ósea se realizaron mediante densitometría de calcáneo. Resultados: Se demuestra la validez del cuestionario al obtener coeficientes de correlación de Spearman entre 0,014 y 0,467. Asimismo el test de Bland-Altman muestra que no existe variación entre los dos métodos para las variables analizadas. El análisis de correlación muestra que la densidad mineral ósea está asociada significativamente al consumo de vitamina D, vitamina A, vitamina B12, folato, tiamina y hierro. El consumo de lípidos totales no fue asociado con la densidad mineral ósea, sin embargo la ingesta de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados, EPA y DHA y colesterol muestra una correlación estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: El cuestionario estima el consumo de energía y nutrientes con adecuada validez. Su aplicación nos ha permitido deducir la importancia de una dieta rica en vitaminas del grupo B, vitamina D, calcio, hierro y ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y n-3 en la salud ósea., Alt. title: "Validación de cuestionarios para el estudio de hábitos alimentarios y masa ósea"Earlier DOI (10.3305/nh.2009.24.5.4462) not valid, server closed. Use url above!

Published
2009
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38. Trace determination of α- and β-endosulfan and three metabolites in human serum by gas chromatography electron capture detection and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Author

Vidal, J. L. Martínez, Frías, M. Moreno, Frenich, A. Garrido, Olea-Serrano, F., and Olea, N.

Abstract

Endosufan, α and β, and three conversion products, sulphate, ether and lactone, were simultaneously determined in human serum by means of an analytical procedure which combines extraction with organic solvents, clean-up with H2SO4 and by liquid column chromatography, and detection by gas chromatography (GC) using electron capture detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The procedure was validated and the values of some merit figures, such as linear range, detection and quantitation limits, accuracy, precision and recovery, obtained with the GC/ECD and the GC/MS/MS methods, were compared. The lower limits of detection in GC/ECD and GC/MS/MS were 0.03 and 0.05 µg I−1, respectively. The recovery of the pesticides at the 20 µg I−1 concentration level was 60–65%, with the exception of endosufan α. Recovery studies at higher levels (100 and 200 µg I−1) were independent of pesticide concentration in serum samples. The application of the proposed analytical methodology to the determination of endosulfans and their metabolites in real samples was tested by analyzing serum samples from a population living in agricultural areas of Almeria (Spain). The results show the advantage of MS/MS over the ECD detector in the analysis of serum samples where matrix interferences can be confused with target pesticides. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2000

41. Valoración de la dieta de escolares granadinos e influencia de factores sociales

Author

Velasco, J., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Ana Rivas, Caballero, M. L., Hernandez-Elizondo, J., and Olea-Serrano, F.

Subjects
Male, Children and adolescents, Lifestyle habits, Adolescent, Hábitos de vida, Feeding Behavior, Adolescents, Diet, Eating, Socioeconomic Factors, Spain, Humans, Female, Dieta, Niños y adolescentes, Child, Niños, Adolescentes, Children
Abstract

Introducción: Realizar una dieta equilibrada y adaptada a las necesidades de las diferentes etapas de la vida es importante para un adecuado crecimiento físico y psicológico de la persona, para prevenir enfermedades y para obtener un óptimo estado de salud. La sociedad industrializada se caracteriza por un desequilibrio en el balance energético, debido a un aumento en el aporte de energía a través de los alimentos y una disminución en el gasto energético con aumento en el consumo de AGS. Objetivo: evaluar la ingesta media de la dieta y cómo influyen ciertos factores demográficos y socioeconómicos en los hábitos alimentarios en un colectivo de escolares de Granada capital. Métodos: La población objeto de estudio son 3.190 niños y adolescentes escolarizados en la ciudad de Granada, en edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 15 años. Para el estudio se confeccionó una encuesta de hábitos de vida, dietéticos, recuerdo de 24 horas y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos previamente validada. Resultados y discusión: Esta población tiene una ingesta calórica media superior al gasto teórico medio dictado por la OMS, encontrándose valores superiores de energía en los varones. El perfil calórico encontrado en nuestro colectivo es claramente desequilibrado. Las principales fuentes de proteínas fueron las carnes y lácteos. Ingestas elevadas de AGS, AGP, y colesterol sobrepasando notablemente las cifras recomendables. La ingesta de vitamina E no alcanzan las recomendaciones diarias emplean. En hábitos dietéticos, la población en estudio usa menos de media hora en desayunar y alrededor de media hora en la comida de medio día y la cena, relacionándose aquellos que emplean más tiempo en las comidas con una mayor ingesta de energía y proteínas., Introduction: To perform a balanced diet adapted to the needs of the different life stages is important for a correct peopleís physical and psychological growth, preventing disease, and obtaining an optimal health status. The industrialized society is characterized by unbalanced energy balance due to an increase of energy intake through foods and decreased energy waste with increased SFA consumption. Objective: To assess average dietary intake and how certain demographical and socio-economic factors have an influence on dietary habits of a sample of schoolchildren from Granada city. Methods: The study population comprises 3,190 children and adolescents schooled at Granada city, with ages comprised between 8 and 15 years. A previously validated specific questionnaire was created including lifestyle habits, dietary habits, 24-hour recall, and frequency of foods consumption. Results and discussion: The average caloric ingestion in this population is higher than the predicted average waste recommended by WHO, with higher energy values being found in males. The caloric profile found in our sample is clearly unbalanced. The main protein sources were meats and dairy products. There were high intakes of SFA, PUFA, and cholesterol, markedly surpassing the recommended values. Vitamin E intake did not reach the daily recommended values. With regards to dietary habits, the study population spends less than 30 minutes for breakfast and about half an hour for lunch and dinner, those spending more time for meals having the highest energy and proteins intake., Este estudio forma parte de un proyecto de investigación que se esta realizando en colaboración con el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Granada (Estudio de situación nutricional de la población escolar y tercera edad en la ciudad de Granada. Contrato Universidad de Granada y Ayuntamiento de Granada. Años: 2005-2006).

44. [Study of nutritional menus offered at noon school in Granada]

Author

Ab, Martínez, Caballero-Plasencia A, Miguel Mariscal-Arcas, Velasco J, Rivas A, and Olea-Serrano F

Subjects
Schools, Energy, Food, Spain, Energía, Food Services, Humans, Noon school, Nutrients, Child, Nutritive Value, Menú escolar, Nutrientes
Abstract

Objetivo: Se ha considerado interesante el estudio nutricional de los menús de mediodía ofertados en centros escolares de Granada, ya que la dieta equilibrada en la población infantil y juvenil, permitirá la prevención de enfermedades en la edad adulta. Se comparan los menúselaborados en el propio centro y los ofertados por servicios de catering. Material y métodos: Los menús van dirigidos a 5.399 niños/as granadinos, analizándose 354 menús escolares de 29 centros, públicos, concertados y privados. 11 colegios, disponían de cocina propia, mientras que 18 tenían contratado un servicio de catering. Las cantidades servidas en cada menús se estimaron mediante fotografías estandarizadas con distintos tamaños de ración identificadas por los responsables del comedor o por pesada directa de la ración servida. La valoración nutricional se determinó mediante el programa informático, y para el tratamiento estadístico con el programa SPSS v. 15.0. Resultados: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el aporte de energía y nutrientes de los menús elaborados en los centros y los servicios de catering. En las empresas de catering, el aporte energético y nutricional es similar, y en los menús elaborados en los centros, existen diferencias significativas en relación a algunos nutrientes, según se trate de colegio público, concertado o privado. Conclusiones: El aporte energético, proteico y lipídico es elevado y bajo el aporte de hidratos de carbono. Es excesiva la frecuencia de consumo de carne y derivados. Para equilibrar la dieta del escolar, es necesario complementar el menú de mediodía con el resto de comidas del día. Objective: It has been considered a study of nutritional menus offered at noon School in Granada. Balanced diet in children and youth will enable the prevention of diseases in adulthood. Comparing the menus prepared on school and the services offered by catering. Material and methods: The menus are aimed at 5,399 children from Granada, analyzed 354 school menus from 29 centres, public and private schools. Eleven colleges have their own kitchen, while 18 had hired a catering service. The amounts provided in each menu were estimated using standardized photographs of different sizes ration identified by those responsible for the dining room or by weighing Served directly from the ration. Nutritional assessment was determined by software, and the statistical treatment with the program SPSS v. 15.0. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the intakes of energy and nutrients from the menus developed in the centres and catering services. In the catering firms, the available energy and nutrition is similar, and in the menus prepared at the centres, there are significant differences in relation to some nutrients, depending on whether public school or private. Conclusions: The energy, protein and lipid is high and low input from carbohydrates. It is the frequency of excessive consumption of meat and derivatives. To balance the diet of school, it is necessary to complement the menu of midday meals with the rest of the day.

45. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: harmful substances and how to test them

Author

Olea-Serrano Nicolás, Fernández-Cabrera Mariana F., Pulgar-Encinas Rosa, and Olea-Serrano Fátima

Subjects
Toxic Substances, Chemical Compound Exposure, Endocrine Disruptors, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the opinions of different groups from: scientists, international regulatory bodies, non-governmental organizations and industry; with an interest in the problem of identifying chemical substances with endocrine disrupting activity. There is also discussion of the consequences that exposure to endocrine disruptors may have for human health, considering concrete issues related to: the estimation of risk; the tests that must be used to detect endocrine disruption; the difficulties to establish an association between dose, time of exposure, individual susceptibility, and effect; and the attempts to create a census of endocrine disruptors. Finally, it is proposed that not all hormonal mimics should be included under the single generic denomination of endocrine disruptors.

Published
2002

46. Comparison of methods to evaluate the quality of the Mediterranean diet in a large representative sample of young people in Southern Spain.

Author

Mariscal-Arcas M, Velasco J, Monteagudo C, Caballero-Plasencia MA, Lorenzo-Tovar ML, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas, M, Velasco, J, Monteagudo, C, Caballero-Plasencia, M A, Lorenzo-Tovar, M L, and Olea-Serrano, F

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the usefulness of two methods to evaluate diet quality in young people in Southern Spain: a new Mediterranean Diet Pattern (MDP) and a modification of the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) for the Mediterranean area. The study population was 3190 schoolchildren aged 8-15 yrs. The questionnaires used were first validated (Bland-Altman plot and Wilcoxon tests) in a randomized sample. The DQI gives a more detailed evaluation of food components, whereas the MDS gives global information on food groups but includes foods characteristically consumed in the Mediterranean region. Highly similar results were obtained using the MDP and the adapted DQI-I, which appear to be equally useful to evaluate diet quality in a Mediterranean population. The fact that we selected the same types of food for both indices may explain the similar overall evaluations. According to these results, both methods appear to be equally appropriate for evaluating diet quality in a Mediterranean population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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47. Validación de cuestionarios para el estudio de hábitos alimentarios y masa ósea.

Author

Rivas A, Romero A, Mariscal M, Monteagudo C, Hernández J, Olea-Serrano F, Rivas, A, Romero, A, Mariscal, M, Monteagudo, C, Hernández, J, and Olea-Serrano, F

Abstract

Background: The loss of bone mass and density is influenced by nutritional factors that act on the bone mass peak, age-related bone loss and muscle strength. The objective of the present study was to validate a food frequency questionnaire applied to estimate the relationship between food habits and bone mineral density (BMD) in a healthy adult population.Methods: The results of the food frequency questionnaire were compared with 24-hr recall findings. Calcaneus BMD was measured by densitometry.Results: The validity of the questionnaire was demonstrated, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.014 to 0.467. The Bland-Altman test also found no differences in study variables between the two methods. Correlation analysis showed that the BMD was significantly associated with the intake of vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin B12, folate, thiamine and iron. Total fat consumption was not associated with BMD but the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids, EPA, DHA and cholesterol showed a significant correlation.Conclusion: The questionnaire evaluates the consumption of energy and nutrients with adequate validity. Its application revealed the importance for bone health of a diet rich in B-group vitamins, vitamin D, calcium, iron, monounsaturated fatty acids and n-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

48. Valoración de la dieta de escolares granadinos e influencia de factores sociales.

Author

Velasco J, Mariscal-Arcas M, Rivas A, Caballero ML, Hernández-Elizondo J, Olea-Serrano F, Velasco, J, Mariscal-Arcas, M, Rivas, A, Caballero, M L, Hernández-Elizondo, J, and Olea-Serrano, F

Abstract

Introduction: To perform a balanced diet adapted to the needs of the different life stages is important for a correct peopleís physical and psychological growth, preventing disease, and obtaining an optimal health status. The industrialized society is characterized by unbalanced energy balance due to an increase of energy intake through foods and decreased energy waste with increased SFA consumption.Objective: To assess average dietary intake and how certain demographical and socio-economic factors have an influence on dietary habits of a sample of schoolchildren from Granada city.Methods: The study population comprises 3,190 children and adolescents schooled at Granada city, with ages comprised between 8 and 15 years. A previously validated specific questionnaire was created including lifestyle habits, dietary habits, 24-hour recall, and frequency of foods consumption.Results and Discussion: The average caloric ingestion in this population is higher than the predicted average waste recommended by WHO, with higher energy values being found in males. The caloric profile found in our sample is clearly unbalanced. The main protein sources were meats and dairy products. There were high intakes of SFA, PUFA, and cholesterol, markedly surpassing the recommended values. Vitamin E intake did not reach the daily recommended values. With regards to dietary habits, the study population spends less than 30 minutes for breakfast and about half an hour for lunch and dinner, those spending more time for meals having the highest energy and proteins intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

49. Association between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) and bone mineral density in Spanish women.

Author

Rivas, A, Romero, A, Mariscal-Arcas, M, Monteagudo, C, López, G, Lorenzo, M L, Ocaña-Peinado, F M, and Olea-Serrano, F

Abstract

Background: Several lines of evidence suggest a tight association between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in humans. The intake of antioxidants may influence Bone Mineral Density by acting as free radical scavengers, preventing oxidation-induced damage to bone cells. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score and bone mineral density in a sample of healthy women. Methods: A total of 280 women were grouped into three major groups: women aged <= 35 years; women aged 36-45, and finally women aged >45 years. Calcaneous Bone Mineral Density (g/cm²) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data on the eating habits of each participant were collected with a structured 24-hour diet recall questionnaire. A Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score was used to calculate antioxidant-nutrient intake. Results: A significant and positive association was observed among Bone Mineral Density and dietary intake of vitamin C and selenium. Zinc intake was significantly related to Bone Mineral Density in the youngest group. Low antioxidant consumers were considered individuals whose Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score was lower or equal than the median (3.5), and high antioxidant consumers were those whose Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score were higher than 3.5. Bone Mineral Density was higher in the participants defined as high antioxidant consumers in all aged groups. Conclusion: The study showed that there is an association between Bone Mineral Density and the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score in all the women studied. Therefore, new therapies for osteoporosis based on higher dietary antioxidant intakes might be developed basing on the results obtained in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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50. Study of nutritional menus offered at noon school in Granada.

Author

Martínez AB, Caballero-Plasencia A, Mariscal-Arcas M, Velasco J, Rivas A, and Olea-Serrano F

Abstract

Objective: It has been considered a study of nutritional menus offered at noon School in Granada. Balanced diet in children and youth will enable the prevention of diseases in adulthood. Comparing the menus prepared on school and the services offered by catering. Material and methods: The menus are aimed at 5,399 children from Granada, analyzed 354 school menus from 29 centres, public and private schools. Eleven colleges have their own kitchen, while 18 had hired a catering service. The amounts provided in each menu were estimated using standardized photographs of different sizes ration identified by those responsible for the dining room or by weighing Served directly from the ration. Nutritional assessment was determined by software, and the statistical treatment with the program SPSS v. 15.0. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the intakes of energy and nutrients from the menus developed in the centres and catering services. In the catering firms, the available energy and nutrition is similar, and in the menus prepared at the centres, there are significant differences in relation to some nutrients, depending on whether public school or private. Conclusions: The energy, protein and lipid is high and low input from carbohydrates. It is the frequency of excessive consumption of meat and derivatives. To balance the diet of school, it is necessary to complement the menu of midday meals with the rest of the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
Full Text
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