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Introduction: To compare orthopaedic trauma cases treated surgically in our clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey with surgically-treated trauma cases in previous periods, and to discuss these in the light of literature. Materials and Methods: Patient data of 3 different periods were compared. Group 1 included cases in the time period 11 March - 30 May, when the hospital was operating as a pandemic hospital for the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Group 2 included cases from the equivalent time period the year before the pandemic, thought to have similar patient characteristics, and Group 3 covered the time period immediately before 11 March when COVID-19 was known in the world but there had not been any cases diagnosed in Turkey. Operations were performed in our clinic because of orthopaedic trauma to 186 patients in Group 1, to 262 patients in Group 2, and to 261 patients in Group 3. Results: A decrease of 29% was observed in trauma cases during the pandemic. In Group 1, 62 of 186 patients were aged >65 years, and 43 of these (69%) had a hip fracture. In Group 2, 33 (58%) patients aged >65 years underwent surgery for hip fracture and in Group 3, 60 (75%) patients. The time from hospital admission to surgery was mean 3.76±3.55 days in Group 1, 3.18±3.08 days in Group 2, and 2.68±2.33 days in Group 3 (p=0.017). The number of cases of attempted suicides was 6, 3, 3, respectively in the three groups (p=0.184). 30-day mortality was determined in 5, 3, and 4 cases, respectively (p=0.460). Conclusions: A decrease in the number of trauma cases was observed during the pandemic. However, there was no such decrease in hip fractures in elderly patients despite the quarantine of those aged >65 years. The workforce of the clinic was divided up during the pandemic for the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19 cases and thus there was no reduction in the workload of orthopedists as trauma surgery continued at the rate of 71%. Therefore, it can be considered very important to apply strict regulations which will decrease the risk of the spread of infection, and implement a multidisciplinary work flow for the more rapid discharge of trauma patients.

Objective: To determine some associated factors for isthmocele formation 3 months after the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Materials and Methods: This is a prospective consecutive case series of CSP managed by fertility preservation modalities at a single tertiary care center from May 2016 to March 2019 (n=95). Patients with a diagnosis of CSP were identified and followed prospectively to collect data on the patients’ demographics; detailed medical, surgical, and social history; symptoms; imaging and laboratory parameters at the time of CSP diagnosis and during treatment; treatment modalities, myometrial thickness; and outcomes in terms of isthmocele formation. Results: Mean myometrial thickness overlying scar pregnancy was significantly lower in the group with isthmocele formation, and the mean gestational age of scar pregnancy was also significantly lower in the group with isthmocele formation following treatment of scar pregnancy (p

The study was carried out to investigate the magnitude of non-genetic factors influencing linear type traits and to estimate phenotypic correlations among these traits in Simmental cows. The 16 linear type traits were recorded for 148 Simmental cows reared in a private farm in Eastern Turkey. A statistical model used in this research included fixed effects of stage of lactation, parity, season at time of classification and classifier. The age at time of classification was included to the statistical model as co-variable. Parity, stage of lactation, season at time of classification and classifier effect was significant (P

Background. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes in patients who received intravenous tranexamic acid just before and after total knee arthroplasty with or without drains and to analyze whether there is any difference in terms of blood loss. Material and methods. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Between March 2017 and March 2019, 97 knees of 94 consecutive patients with osteoarthritis were divided into two groups (Group 1, with drain; and 2, without drain). Drainage group (53 knees; average age, 66,1±7,0 years; male, 10; female, 43) and a drainless group (44 knees; average age, 63,7± 7,5 years; male, 4; female, 40). All patients received systemic tranexamic acid (in 100 mL saline infusion iv in 30 minutes prior to the tourniquet inflation and 3 hours after the operation). Blood loss, allogeneic blood transfusion rates, complications such as swelling of the cruris, infection (deep or superficial), thromboembolic incidents (Deep venous thrombosis or pulmoner thromboembolism) and length of hospital stay were assessed postoperatively. Results. There was no difference in demographic parameters, body mass index, side ofsurgery, ASA score and anesthesia type between 2 groups. The preoperative Hb levels were comparable but on the postoperative day one, Hb level was lower in the drain group (p=0,017). Total blood loss (TBL) and allogeneic transfusion rates were lower in the drainless group, although did not differ significantly between the two groups [TBL: 1360,9±502,5 / 646,1-2641,6 (1251,6) mL in the Group 1, 1205,6±505,0 / 396,6-2521,0 (1157,5) mL in Group 2 (p=0,134); Transfusion rates: 11 out of 53 cases (%20,8) in group 1 and 5 out of 44 cases (%11,4) in group 2]. The infection rate and length of hospital stay were lower in the drainless group. But there were no statistical difference was found in terms of complications and length of hospital stay between 2 groups. Conclusions. 1. Performing Total Knee Arthroplasty with preoperative and postoperative ivtranexamic acid and without drain decreased postoperative reduction in Hb level on the day after surgery in the current study. 2. But blood loss and blood transfusion rates when compared to patients with drain, no significant difference was found. 3. Drain use in knee replacements does not offer an advantage over drainless TKAs regarding the findings of our study. 4. Future studies with longer follow-up are needed in our opinion.

Bu calisma, Esmer sigirlarda linear tip ozelliklerini etkileyen cevresel faktorlerin incelenmesi amaciyla yurutulmustur. Bu amacla, 135 sigirda 16 adet tip ozelligine ait 474 adet gozlem yapilmistir. Arastirmada kullanilan istatistiksel modele suru, laktasyon sirasi, hakem, laktasyon donemi, degerlendirmenin yapildigi mevsimin etkileri dahil edildi. Ayrica, degerlendirmenin yapildigi donemdeki inegin yasi da linear ve kuadratik kovariyet olarak modele ilave edildi. Gogus genisligi, vucut derinligi, acisallik, arka bacak acisi, arka bacak (yandan gorunum), arka bacak (arkadan gorunum), sagri egimi, sagri genisligi, on meme baglantisi, arkadan meme baglantisi genisligi, arka meme baglantisi yuksekligi, meme basi yerlesimi (arkadan gorunum), meme basi yerlesimi (yandan gorunum), meme basi uzunlugu, meme merkez bagi ve meme derinligine ait ortalama dogrusal puanlar sirasiyla 5,5±0,1; 6,1±0,1; 5,.2±0,1; 4,7±0,1; 4,4±0,1; 4,4±0,1; 5,6±0,1; 5,0±0,1; 5,8±0,1; 5,4±0,1; 6,1±0,1; 5,1±0,1; 4,1±0,1; 5,8±0,1; 5,8±0,1; 6,6±0,1 dir. Vucut derinligi ve arkadan meme baglantisi genisligi disindaki butun tip ozellikleri uzerine hakemlerin etkisi onemsiz bulunmustur. Ote yandan, suru, laktasyon sirasi, laktasyon donemi ve degerlendirmenin yapildigi mevsim bir cok dogrusal tip ozelliklerini onemli derecede etkilemistir. Degerlendirme sirasindaki yasin bir cok dogrusal tip ozellikleri uzerine linear ve kuadratik etkileri de onemli bulunmustur. Dogrusal tip ozellikleri arasindaki fenotipik korelasyonlar da dusukten orta dereceye kadar degisim gostermistir.

This study was carried out in order to reveal cattle nutrition and feeding habits of cattle enterprisesin Narman country of Erzurum province. For this purpose, some data were obtained by conducting face to facesurvey study with 208 producers in Narman and it’s villages. According to the findings obtained in the survey,it was determined that 80.8% of the enterprises produced forage crops. In these enterprises, alfalfa (61.5%) andbarley (60.1%) were mainly planted, but production of corn silage which is a major roughage feed was at low level(%7.7). Pasture utilization ratio was 96.2% and cattle herds generally moved into the pasture in May (47.5%) orJune (37%). Time interval that herds are grazed in pasture as determined as 3 months (31%) or 4 months (68%). Itwas also found out that 41% of the cattle breeder had a chance to move to the upland, they mostly went there in Mayor June and stayed in the upland for 4 months (43%). While wheat and barley straws (27%) take the first order asroughage in the enterprises, they were followed by alfaalfa hay (21%) and grass hay (16%). Silage (7%) was used ata low level. In enterprises crushed barley (34%), feed for fattening (23%) and feed for milk production (22%) weremostly used as concentrated feed. Excessive pasture usage in the country makes it necessary to improve the qualityof pasture and to increase the production of forage crops, especially corn silage. Also concentration of agriculturalextension services in rural areas will be beneficial for ranchers., Bu araştırma, sığır yetiştiricilerinin sığır besleme ve yemleme alışkanlıklarını ortaya koymak amacıylaErzurum İli Narman İlçesi’nde yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla Narman ilçe ve köylerinde 208 işletme sahibiyle anketçalışması yapılarak veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre yetiştiricilerin % 80.8’ininyem bitkisi üretimi yaptığı saptanmıştır. Bu işletmelerde çoğunlukla yonca (% 61.5) ve arpa (% 60.1) üretimiyapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak önemli kaba yem kaynağı olan silajlık mısır üretimi düşük düzeyde (% 7.7)yapılmaktadır. Mera kullanım oranı % 96.2 olup genellikle Mayıs (% 47.5) veya Haziran (% 37) aylarında merayaçıkış gerçekleşmektedir. Meradan yararlanma süreleri ise 3 ay (% 31) veya 4 ay (% 68) olarak belirlenmiştir.İşletmelerin % 41’inin yaylaya çıkma imkânı olduğu, Mayıs-Haziran aylarında yaylalara çıktıkları ve çoğunlukla4 ay (% 43) kaldıkları tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde kullanılan kaba yem kaynaklarında buğday-arpa samanı(% 27) ilk sırayı alır iken bunu kuru yonca (% 21) ve kuru çayır otu (%16) takip etmektedir. Silaj ise düşük düzeyde(% 7) kullanılmaktadır. İşletmelerde kesif yem olarak genellikle arpa kırması (% 34), besi yemi (% 23) ve süt yemi(% 22) kullanılmaktadır. İlçede meranın ıslah edilerek, aktif kullanımı, yem bitkileri üretimi ve özellikle mısır silajıüretiminin arttırılması gerekli görülmektedir. Ayrıca tarımsal yayım hizmetlerinin kırsal alanlarda yoğunlaştırılmasıyetiştiriciler için faydalı olacaktır.

Bu calisma Erzurum ili Narman ilcesinde, anket yoluyla yuz yuze gorusulerek 208 isletmenin sagim yontemleri hakkinda bilgiler elde etmek amaciyla yapilmistir. Sagim esnasinda isletmelerin % 75.5’ inin kesif yem verdigi tespit edilmistir. Sagim oncesi meme temizligi yapmayan isletmelerin % 54.4 oldugu ve % 78.8 ’sinde elle sagim yaptigi belirlenmistir. . Sigir yetistiricilerinin % 68.6’u sagimdan sonra sutu aluminyum kaplarda ahir disinda bekletirken, % 30.9’unun ahir ortaminda beklettigi ve % 0.5’inin ise sogutma tankinda depolamaktadirlar. % 52.2’sinin hayvan basina sut veriminin yaz mevsiminde daha yuksek oldugunu bildirmislerdir. Isletmelerin % 78.4’u devletin vermis oldugu sut desteklemelerinden faydalanmadiklari ve uretilen sutu kayit altina alan isletmelerin oraninin % 68.6 oldugu ve isletmelerin % 24.5’i ineklerini 10 ay sagdiklari tespit edilmistir. Sonuc olarak Erzurum ili Narman ilcesindeki sigir yetisicilerinin, sagim oncesi meme temizligi, sagim yapma sekli, sagim sonrasi sutleri muhafaza etme, bakanligin verdigi desteklerden faydalanma, sut verim kayitlarinin tutulmasi gibi yetistiricilik konularinda bilgilendirilmeye ihtiyac oldugu belirlenmistir.

Bu calisma Erzurum ili Narman ilcesinde bulunan sigir barinaklarina iliskin yapisal ozelliklerin belirlenmesi, mevcut sorunlari ve cozum onerilerini ortaya koymak amaciyla yapilmistir. Bu amacla Narman ilce ve koylerinde 208 isletme sahibiyle yuz yuze anket yapilarak veriler elde edilmistir. Isletmelerde yer alan barinaklarin % 55.3’u klasik bagli duraksiz, % 38.5’i bagli durakli, % 6.3’u ise serbest durakli kapali sistem karakterindedir. Soz konusu barinaklarin ortalama kapasitesi 38 bas ve barinak yasi ortalama 17.1 yil olarak belirlenmistir. Sigircilik isletmelerinin % 55.3’unun ahir duvarlarinda tas yapi malzemesi, ahir tabaninda % 43.8 beton, cati ortu malzemesi olarak % 48.1 oraninda sac, yemliklerde ise % 48.1’i ahsap yapi malzemesi kullanmislardir. Ahirlarin sadece % 6.3’unde yem yolu, % 47.5’sinde 2 adet pencere ve % 45.7’sinde 1 adet, % 40.0’inda ise 2 adet baca bulunmaktadir. Isletme barinaklarinin % 91.3’unde dogum bolmesi bulunmadigi, % 88.5’inde dana, duve ve inek cagindaki hayvanlarin ayni ahirda barindirildigi, % 78.8’inde yataklik kullanildigi ve yataklik cesidi olarak ilk sirada % 87.8 oraninda kuru gubrenin kullanildigi tespit edilmistir. Isletmelerin % 76.9’unda gubrenin ahir yakininda acikta depolandigi, % 53.4’unde gubrenin tarlada gubre olarak, % 38.0’inde yakacak olarak kullanildigi belirlenmistir. Narman ilcesinde ahir tipleri, havalandirma ve gubreleme gibi problemlerin cozumu icin egitim ve tesvike ihtiyac vardir.

Bu arastirma, sigir yetistiricilerinin ciftlik yonetimi ve buzagi yetistirme uygulamalarini belirlemek amaciyla Erzurum Ili Narman Ilcesi’nde yapilmistir. Bu amacla Narman ilce ve koylerinde 208 isletme sahibiyle yuz yuze anket calismasi yapilarak veriler elde edilmistir. Ankete katilan yetistiricilerin sadece % 13,5'i, duzenli olarak kayit tuttugunu ifade etmistir. Isletmelerin % 59’unun teknik bilgi destegi alma ihtiyaci hissettiklerini ve cogunlukla (% 31) bu bilgiyi Veteriner Fakultesi vasitasiyla edindikleri belirlenmistir. Ineklerin kizginliga gelme belirtisi olarak isletmelerin cogunlugunun (% 43) genel belirtilerin hepsini esas aldigi ve yetistiricilerin % 83’unun dogum sonrasi ilk kizginlikta tohumlama yaptiklari tespit edilmistir . Yetistiricilerin % 66’sinin suni tohumlama yaptirirken % 97’si bu uygulamadan memnun kaldigini bildirmistir. Isletmelerin % 47’sinde buzagilara agiz sutu verilmedigi belirlenmis, verilen isletmelerde ise buzagilarin agiz sutunu annesini emerek (% 40) ya da biberonla (% 57) aldigi saptanmistir. Ayrica, yetistiricilerin % 84 u uc gunden daha az sureyle agiz sutu verdiklerini ifade etmislerdir. Buzagilara normal sut verme sureleri ise cogunlukla 4-5 (% 51) aydir.

To compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of interlocking nail (ILN) and locking plate fixation (LCP) for humeral shaft fractures. A total of 63 patients with displaced humeral shaft fractures between October 2014 and January 2017 were evaluated prospectively. They were divided randomly into two as LCP fixation (group 1) and interlocking nail (ILN) (group 2). Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scores, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires, and pain was assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS). After fracture callus was radiologically observed, DASH, ASES, and UCLA scores as well as SF-36 questionnaires and VAS results were noted to have no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.109, p = 0.082, p = 0.146, p = 0.322, and p = 0.175, respectively). At the last follow-up (post-operative 24 months), the UCLA score was significantly better in group 1 (p = 0.034), whereas VAS result was significantly worse in group 2 (p = 0.017). DASH, ASES scores, and SF-36 questionnaires had no difference (p = 0.193, p = 0.088, p = 0.289). Other parameters revealed no significant differences. Fracture consolidation was observed at a mean of four months in both groups (3 to 7 months in group 1 and 3 to 8 months in group 2) (p = 0.189). Four patients in group 1 and five patients in group 2 underwent surgery for nonunion (p = 0.725). Post-operative radial nerve palsy was seen in one patient in group 2. Two patients in group 1 with superficial infection were treated with antibiotics, and they recovered. Regarding our results, the LCP group had significantly better shoulder function than the ILN group, whereas the ILN group had significantly less pain, with similar complication rates. Therefore, both procedures are favourable surgical options for patients with humeral shaft fractures.

Bu çalışma, iki farklı yem sunum metodunun Siyah Alaca buzağılarınınbüyüme performansı, yem alımı, yemden yararlanma ve bazı davranış özellikleriüzerine etkilerini araştırmak üzere yürütülmüştür. Yem sunum grupları: 1.Kıyılmış kuru çayır otu ve kesif yem karışımı (KR), 2. Doğal formda kuru çayırotu ve kesif yemin iki ayrı yemlikte sunumu (AAR) şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Toplam25 adet Siyah Alaca buzağı (14' ü KR grubunda, 11'i AAR grubunda olmak üzere)araştırma materyali olarak kullanılmıştır.Araştırma sonuçları, buzağıların 3 ay (P, This study was carried out to investigate effects ofthe two different feed presentation methods on the growth performance, feedintake, feed efficiency and some behavioral traits of Holstein Friesian calves.Feed presentation groups are: 1. Mixture of chopped dry hay and concentrate(MR), 2. Presentation of the concentrate and dry hay at natural form in twodifferent feed bunks (SR). A total of 25 Holstein Friesian calves (14 heads inMR group; 11 heads in SR group) was used as research material. Results of thestudy revealed that 3 months (P

Bu arastirmada, Erzurum ili Hinis ilcesindeki sigircilik isletmelerinin sagim yonetimini degerlendirmek amaciyla 378 isletme ile yuz yuze gorusulerek yapilan anketlerden elde edilen veriler kullanilmistir. Isletmelerin %51.0’inde sagim esnasinda ineklere yem verilmedigi, %85.0’inde sagim oncesi meme temizligi yapildigi ve %89.2’sinde elle sagim tercih edildigi belirlenmistir. Sigir yetistiricilerinin %73.0’u sagimdan sonra sutu aluminyum kaplarda bekletmektedirler. Yetistiricilerin %68.0’i ineklerinin sonbaharda dogurmasini isterken, %61.0’i hayvan basina sut veriminin yaz mevsiminde daha cok oldugunu ifade etmektedir. Yetistiricilerin sadece %9.0’u devletin vermis oldugu sut desteklemelerinden faydalanmaktadir. Hinis ilcesinde sagmal ineklerin yemlenmesi, sagim yonetimi, sutun muhafazasi ve devlet tesviklerinden yararlanma konusunda gelisme olmamasi onemli sorunlar olarak ortaya cikmistir. Bunun nedeni olarak, Hinis ilcesinde sut sigirciligi ile ugrasan isletmelerin sermaye yetersizligi, bu faaliyeti yapanlarin bilgi birikimlerinin cok az olusu yani geleneksel yontemlerle hayvancilik yapildigi soylenebilir. Sonuc olarak, bu sorunlarin cozumu icin sigir yetistiricilerine ilgili konularda egitim ve danismanlik destegi verilmesi gerekir.

Isik, H.B., Topcu, Y. and Guler, O. 2009. Determination of the factors affecting live weight gain using factor analysis and stepwise regression model. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 35: 161–164. To examine the most important factors on weight gains of Brown Swiss (BS) and Holstein Friesian (HF) calves using factor and stepwise regression analyses 53 BS and 41 HF calves were observed from parturition to six months of age. The results showed that physical characteristics, feeding type, gender and breed all played an important role on weight gains of calves.

Guler, O. and Yanar, M. 2009. Factors influencing the shape of lactation curve and persistency of Holstein Friesian cows in high altitude of Eastern Turkey. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 35: 39–44. Data on 371 lactation records pertaining to Holstein Friesian cows reared in high altitude and harsh climatic conditions of Eastern Turkey were analyzed to study the effects of different non-genetic factors on the shape of lactation curve and persistency measures. Calving season affected significantly (P

This study was carried out in order to determine the level of knowledge on cattle nutrition and feeding habits of cattle producers in Hınıs district of Erzurum Province. The main material of this study was data obtained by surveys made in 378 cattle producers. The data collected were analyzed statistically by using chi-square test. It was found that 16% of the producers participated in this survey planted forage crop currently. Of the cattle enterprises, 80% produced sainfoin forage crop. Wheat and barley straws (71%) were used mainly as sources of the rough feed, and they were followed by alfalfa hay (14%) and grass hay (11%). Silage, which is one of the significant forages, was used at the lowest level (0.25%). It was also determined that 64% of the cattle enterprises used the concentrate feed manufactured in the local feed plants, and usage of the barley and wheat bran as a feed source was at very low level. In Hınıs district, cattle herds moved into the pasture in April (25%), May (37%) and June (37%), and percentage of the cattle herds moving into the pasture was 99%. It was also revealed that 20% of the cattle producers had a chance to move to the plateau, and they mostly went there in June (58%) and stay in the plateau for 2-3 months. As a result of the assessment of data, it was determined that cattle ranchers in Hinis district had incorrect practices about animal nutrition, such as barley or wheat straw were still the most popular ones among roughage feed sources. The result indicates that cattle ranchers have to be participated in the technical educational programs and enlightened about animal nutrition and forage production., Bu araştırma, Erzurum İli Hınıs İlçesi’ndeki sığır yetiştiricilerinin sığır besleme ve yemleme alışkanlıkları ile ilgili konuya ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ana materyalini toplam 378 sığır üreticisinden anket yolu ile elde edilen veriler oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen veriler ki-kare testi kullanılarak istatistiksel analize tabii tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonunda ankete katılan işletme sahiplerinin % 16’sının yem bitkisi yetiştiriciliği yaptığı saptanmıştır. Bu işletmelerin % 80’inde korunga tarımı yapılmaktadır. Kaba yem kaynağı olarak buğday veya arpa samanı (% 71) ana yem maddesi olarak kullanılmakta, bunu kuru yonca otu (% 14) ve kuru çayır otu (% 11) takip etmektedir. Önemli bir kaba yem kaynağı olan silaj ise ilçede çok düşük düzeyde (% 0.25) kullanılmaktadır. İşletmelerin % 64’ünde fabrika yemi kullanıldığı, arpa ve kepek kullanımının ise çok düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hınıs İlçesi'nde sığır sürüleri Nisan (% 25), Mayıs (% 37) ve Haziran (% 37) aylarında meraya çıkmakta olup meraya çıkma oranı % 99 düzeyindedir. Yetiştiricilerin % 20’sinin yaylaya çıkma imkânı olduğu, çoğunlukla Haziran ayında (% 58) yaylaya çıkıp 2-3 ay kaldıkları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, Hınıs İlçesi’nde sığır yetiştiricilerinin hayvan besleme konusunda birtakım yanlış uygulamalar yaptıkları, örneğin arpa veya buğday samanının halen en çok tercih edilen yem maddeleri arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum ilçedeki sığır yetiştiricilerinin konu ile ilgili olarak eğitim programlarına alınması ve hayvan besleme ile yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliği konusunda aydınlatılması gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur.

Bu calismanin amaclari, 2 farkli yemleme programinin; i) 20 adet Siyah Alaca ve 20 adet Esmer sigirda 144 gunluk deneme suresince sut verimi ve kompozisyonu ile duyusal ozellikleri uzerine etkilerini 1. denemede degerlendirmek, ii) 18 adet Esmer ve 14 adet Siyah Alaca duvenin 90 gun boyunca gelisme performanslarini 2. denemede karsilastirmaktir. Birinci denemede, yemleme programlari [(i) misir silaji (25.0 kg/bas/gun) ile sinirli miktarda kuru ot (5.0 kg/bas/gun) ve 4.5 kg/bas/gun kesif yem (MS yemleme programi); (ii) kuru ot (10,0 kg/bas/gun) ve 4.5 kg/bas/gun kesif yem (KO yemleme programi)] gunluk sut verimi ile sut yagi, kuru madde ve yagsiz kuru madde oranlarini onemli derecede etkilememistir. Farkli yemleme programlarinin sutun duyusal ozellikleri uzerine etkileri onemli olmayip, silaj iceren rasyonla yapilan yemleme, sutun duyusal ozellikleri uzerine herhangi bir olumsuz etkiye neden olmamistir. Ikinci denemede, DMS yemleme programindaki [misir silaji (10.0 kg/bas/gun) ile sinirli miktarda kuru ot (2.0 kg/bas/gun) ve 2.0 kg/ bas/gun kesif yem] duveler, DKO programindakilere [kuru ot (6.0 kg/bas/gun) ve 2.0 kg/bas/gun kesif yem] gore % 49.7 oraninda daha yuksek toplam canli agirlik artisi saglamislardir. DMS yemleme programindaki duvelerin ortalama yemden yararlanma oranlari onemli olcude daha iyi bulunmustur. Sonuc olarak, incelenen her iki yemleme programi Esmer ve Siyah Alaca ineklerin gunluk sut verimi ile sutun kompozisyonu ve duyusal ozellikleri uzerine onemli etkilerde bulunmazken, DMS yemleme programi duveler icin tavsiye edilmistir.

OZET: Bu arastirma, Erzurum ili Hinis ilcesinde faaliyet gosteren sigircilik isletmelerinin barinak ozellikleri hakkinda ayrintili bilgi edinmek uzere yurutulmustur. Bu amacla, 378 adet sigircilik isletme sahibi ile yuz yuze anket yapilarak elde edilen veriler degerlendirilmistir. Degiskenler arasindaki iliskilerin belirlenmesi amaciyla da ki-kare testi yapilmistir. Hinis ilcesinde en sik gorulen ahir tipinin bagli duraksiz kapali ahir (% 51.5) oldugu, ahir yapisinin isletme sahiplerinin sagliklarini (% 88.8), ineklerin sut verimini (% 88.6) ve hayvanlarin gelisimini (% 81.0) olumsuz etkiledigi tespit edilmistir. Isletmelerin % 81.0’i yataklik kullanmazken, yataklik kullananlarin ise daha cok kuru gubre kullanimini (% 63.3) tercih etmislerdir. Isletmelerin % 61.3’unde buzagilara ait ozel bir bolme bulundugu, ahirlarin % 74.9’unda inekler icin dogum bolmesi olmadigi; duve, dana ve kurudaki ineklerin birlikte (% 84.3) barindirildiklari belirlenmistir. Isletmelerin % 84.1’inde ahirdaki gubre elle supurme yoluyla temizlenmekte, gubreyi cok buyuk oranda ahir yakininda acikta (% 80.3) depolamaktadirlar. Isletmelerin % 69.9’u gubreyi tarlada gubre olarak, %13.4’ unun yakacak olarak kullandigi, % 11.8’inin ise sattigi tespit edilmistir. Isletmelerin % 72.1’i kisin ahir ici sicakliginin ilik, % 27.3’u ise sicak oldugunu, % 84.0’u ahir ici sicakliginin ilik olmasi halinde hayvanlarin rahat ettigi ve sut verimlerinin yukseldigini belirtmislerdir. Sonuc olarak Hinis ilcesinde barinak ve cevre yapisi ozellikleri bakimindan bircok eksikliklerinin bulundugu ve ahir tipi, yapisi, havalandirma, aydinlatma, yataklik kullanimi, gubre degerlendirme vb. konularda iyilestirme calismalarina ihtiyaci oldugu ortaya konulmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler : Ahir tipi, yataklik, havalandirma, aydinlatma, gubre degerlendirme A Study on the Characteristics of the Barns in Hinis County of Erzurum Province ABSTRACT: The study was carried out to obtain detailed information about characteristics of barns in the cattle farm enterprises in Hinis County of Erzurum Province. For this purpose, data obtained from a survey that was conducted face to face with 378 of owners of the enterprises were assessed. Chi-square Test was used in order to determine relationships among the variables. It was revealed that the most common type of the barns was tied-free stall barns (% 51.5), and types of the barn affected adversely on the health of the owners of the enterprises (% 88.8), on the milk yield of the cows (% 88.6) as well as on the growth of the animals (% 81.0). While 81.0 of the enterprises did not use bedding material, 63.3 % of the enterprises which were using bedding material preferred commonly to use dried manure. Besides, It was found out that 61.3 % of the enterprises had special compartment for calves, but 74.9 % of the barns did not contain delivery chamber, and heifers, older calves as well as dry cows were housed together (% 84.3). In 84.1 % of the enterprises, manure in the barn was cleaned by sweeping with a broom, and then the manure was generally stored next to the barn without covering. It was also revealed that 69.9 % of the enterprises used the manure in their fields as fertilizer, and 13.4 % of them utilized as fuel for heating, and 11.8 % of the enterprise sold to others. 72.1 % and 27.3 % of the enterprises had warm and hot barns respectively, and 84.0 % of the owners of the enterprises told that if their barns are warm, their animals will feel comfortable and their milk yield will increase. In conclusion, there are several deficiencies concerning features of the barns and their environments in Hinis County, and the county needs improvements in terms of types of barn , barn ventilation, lighting, usage of bedding and manure subjects. Key Words : Type of barn, bedding material, ventilation, lighting and usage of manure

Tam metin, The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of different doses of direct-fed microbials (DFM) plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) additives on the growth performance, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of Brown Swiss and Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty six calves were assigned to three groups (control, 10 g and 20 g per head/day of DFM plus EFE) according to breeds. Calves in 10 g per head/day of DFM plus EFE group in pre- and post-weaning periods had 20.0 % and 6.3 % higher total weight gains than calves in the control group respectively. However, the effects of breeds and dosages of the supplement on the weights, weight gains and feed efficiency ratios were not significant. Average fecal consistency score of the calves fed a diet supplemented with 10 g head/day of DFM plus EFE had the lowest score (P