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The aim of this article is to analyze the elements of supply chains in the crop production industry of Ukraine and the peculiarities of their integration under the modern conditions. The article identifies the main actors in the supply chains of major crops such as grains, sunflower seeds and vegetables. The study of supply chains in crop production covers three periods: (i) pre COVID-19 pandemic; (ii) the 2020-2021 COVID pandemic; and (iii) post-Russian invasion into Ukraine in 2022. The findings confirm that supply chains for vegetables were significantly and adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the supply chains for production and sales of grains and sunflower seeds in Ukraine remained relatively stable. Through its global impact on the commodity markets, supply chains, inflation, and financial conditions, Russia's war against Ukraine is aggravating the slowdown in global economic growth. The article identifies the negative consequences of this war for both Ukraine and the world as a whole based on the example of major agricultural crops. The development of crop production industry in Ukraine requires that supply chains be restructured based on the new logistical solutions adapted to the conditions of martial law.

Мета дослідження – вивчити зміни екосистеми піхви та оцінити стан місцевого імунітету в жінок із невиношуванням в анамнезі на преконцепційному етапі. Матеріали та методи. Проведено обстеження 105 жінок із невиношуванням вагітності в анамнезі, які були поділені на дві групи: перша група – 40 пацієнток із невиношуванням вагітності інфекційного генезу, друга група – 45 жінок із невиношуванням на тлі ендокринної дисфункції репродуктивної сфери. Контрольну групу склали 20 практично здорових жінок. Усім пацієнткам був проведений збір анамнестичних даних, гінекологічний огляд, бактеріологічне та бактеріоскопічне дослідження, визначення збудників у вагінальному середовищі методом полімеразно-ланцюгової реакції. Вивчення місцевого імунного статусу базувалося на оцінці рівня секреторного імуноглобуліну А (sIg A) методом імуноферментного аналізу. Статистичний аналіз проводили з використанням пакета на базі Microsoft Excel та програми «Statistica 12,0». Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. У науковій роботі встановлено, що у жінок першої групи на прегравідарному етапі екосистема піхви характеризувалася наявністю значної кількості умовно-патогенної та патогенної мікрофлори. У більш ніж половини пацієнток наявні дисбіотичні порушення з розвитком клінічної картини вагініту або бактеріального вагінозу зі зменшенням концентрації лактобацил. У жінок першої групи середній рівень sIg A на 16,26 % був нижчим порівняно з контрольною групою (p˂0,01). У жінок другої групи даний показник був у 3,59 раза нижчим порівняно з контрольною групою (p˂0,001) та у 3,00 рази нижчим, ніж у пацієнток першої групи (p˂0,001), що свідчить про вагомий ступінь зниження місцевого імунітету. Висновки. Характеристика особливостей мікробіоценозу в жінок із невиношуванням в анамнезі виявила на прегравідарному етапі поліінфікування умовно-патогенною та патогенною флорою. Відмічено статистично значуще зниження рівня секреторного Ig A у жінок з невиношуванням як інфекційного, так і ендокринного генезу з гіршою картиною у системі місцевої імунної відповіді на тлі дисгормональних порушень.

At the stage of formation of fetoplacental complex, various factors of the external and internal environment create prerequisites for subsequent unfavorable course of pregnancy and childbirth. Their influence falls on the period of formation and differentiation of extraembryonic structures in the first trimester of pregnancy. That is why umbilical cord pathologies are considered to be one of the main causes of the development of fetal distress, low birth weight and post-hypoxic states of newborns. The purpose of the research: to analyze changes in the parameters of certain biochemical and angiogenic markers in patients with umbilical cord pathology. Research materials and methods. Medical documentation of 56 patients (the main group) with umbilical cord pathology and abnormalities of its insertion (27 pregnant women with a single umbilical artery and 29 women with velamentous insertion) was processed. The comparison group included 30 patients with normal structural components of the umbilical cord. The level of free ȕ-hCG, PAPP-A, free estriol, AFP, placental lactogen, certain growth factors PIGF and sFlt-1 was evaluated using the method of immunoenzymatic analysis. “Astraia Obstetrics” software (“Astraia software gmbH”, Germany) was used to determine the risk of preeclampsia, chromosomal abnormalities, fetal growth retardation, and premature birth. Research results and their discussion. An imbalance in the concentration of PAPP-A and β-hCG, when its low levels corresponded to high levels of β-hCG, was revealed in the main group. An increase in the average values of the level of PAPP-A MoM was established in almost half of the observations (42.9%), a significantly higher level of free ȕ-hCG was noted in 28.6 % of samples. The combined indicators of the concentration of PlGF in women with umbilical cord pathology were significantly lower (by 1.6 times) compared to the data of the comparison group; placental lactogen has a tendency to decrease. The combined values of the concentration of PlGF in women with umbilical cord pathology were significantly lower (by 1.6 times) compared to the data of the comparison group, and the indicators of the level of sFlt-1 – by 1.5 times (p

The goal of this study was to determine the association of hyperemesis gravidarum with the risk of development small for of fetus gestational age (SGA). Materials and methods. There were studied 327 pregnant women. The main group included 218 women with hyperemesis gravidarum, who were divided into two groups: 140 patients who were first hospitalized with hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester (up to 12 weeks of pregnancy) and 78 - who were first hospitalized with hyperemesis gravidarum in the second trimester (12-21 weeks of pregnancy). 109 pregnant women without vomiting were at control group. The diagnosis of SGA fetus was established on the basis of standard ultrasonic fetometry on the ALOKA SSD-1700. Determination of human serum chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels was performed at 15-20 weeks and was evaluated as MoM. The results were statistically analyzed using Statistica 10 (Serial Number: STA999K347150-W) and MEDCALC®. Results. In the main group, the SGA fetus was 3.4-fold more frequent compared with pregnant women in the control group (9.6% vs. 2.8%, p0.05). However, hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women in the second trimester increases the risk of developing SGA fetus (OR=6.42; 95%CI 1.75-23.62; p

The etiology and pathogenesis of hyperplastic processes of the endometrium (HPE) are currently unclear, some aspects of the pathogenesis remain controversial and debatable. The objective: was to evaluate the microbiota of the reproductive mucosa in patients with subfertility on the background of endometrial hyperplasia combined with chronic endometritis, and to develop an optimized treatment and rehabilitation program. Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 54 patients of reproductive age with subfertility on the background of endometrial hyperplasia and chronic endometritis was performed. Two groups were formed to evaluate the effectiveness: the main group - 30 patients who received an optimized program of treatment and rehabilitation options, the comparison group – 24 patients who received classic conventional therapy. The endometrium of 20 gynecologically healthy women was used for control clinical-laboratory and morphological examinations. The personalized program of postoperative support is offered: basic antibiotic therapy, supplemented with bacteriophage therapy, antiviral therapy, immunomodulatory, angioprotective and venotonizing agents, correction of ischemia, correction of metabolic disorders, restoration of morphofunctional potential of endometrial tissue with the use of individualized hormone therapy was proposed. Results. HPE became the prerogative of all patients in the study group, and in 19 (35.2%) endometrial polyps were registered, in 35 (64.8%) a combination of hyperplasia and polyps. The results of bacteriological research showed a significant proportion of abnormalities in vaginal biocinosis, which is manifested by a significant reduction in the frequency of secretions of major acid-forming lactobacilli compared with healthy patients. After using the proposed treatment program to improve well-being, reduce pain and reduce hypersecretory abnormalities were noted by all patients, the results of control pipelle biopsy with microbiological examination of the endometrium 3 months after the end of treatment showed sterile cultures in 97% of samples. During the year of observation, spontaneous pregnancy out of 30 people who received pre-pregnancy training in the main group occurred in 14 (46.7% of cases), and of the 16 women enrolled in the ART program, 7 (43.7%) became pregnant. Conclusions. A comprehensive study of the microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract showed that in women with endometrial hyperplasia combined with CE, microbiological parameters are characterized by a high frequency of viral and viral-bacterial associations, a significant proportion of dysbiotic disorders. Carrying out pregravid preparation along with optimizing the antibacterial therapy program using rational antimicrobial agents, modern enzyme preparations to reduce the intensity of stroma fibrosis, individualized hormonal correction, agents that improve the effects of ischemia and changes in mucosal microbiota, allow to restore morphofunctional disorders in the endometrium.

Ukraine (UA) is one of the world-leading countries in sunflower oil production and sunflower oil exports. Due to the increasing demand caused by biofuel regulations, the European Union (EU) remains the key importer of Ukrainian sunflower oil. Therefore, the aim of the proposed research is to provide an evaluation of the time-varying integration of the UA sunflower oil market with the EU market. To fulfill this goal, first, the trends in sunflower oil production and exports in Ukraine as well as trade regulations are presented. The market integration was assessed using the ARDL-ECM approach that was applied to weekly sunflower oil prices in the period from 2000 to 2020. The analytical study was supplemented with the Toda-Yamamoto (T-Y) Granger causality test, the Bai-Perron multiple structural breakpoint test (B-P) as well as impulse response functions (IRF). This study and the obtained results for the whole sample confirm the presence of a long-run relationship between EU and UA prices. The EU prices are the Granger cause for UA prices, as it is shown in the T-Y test. The Bai-Perron test indicates the existence of multiple structural breaks that can be justified by the market condition and policy modifications. Both the long- and the short-run response of UA prices to changes in EU prices vary significantly in different sub-periods.

This paper aims to provide market analysis of the sunflower market in Ukraine (UA) and research the existence of integration between the sunflower oil markets in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). To fulfill the aims in the paper, yearly balances of sunflower seed, sunflower oil and sunflower cake were analyzed and price analysis was conducted. Price integration was assessed with the use of the error correction model (ECM) which was applied to monthly prices for sunflower oil from 2000 to 2020. Our findings provide evidence of high price transmission between the UA and EU markets, conversely lower price transmission was observed between the UA and the US.

Corn belongs to the most important feed and industrial grains in the world being utilized for bioethanol production. Ukraine does not produce biofuels and does not pursue an active renewable energy policy. However, due to significant share of exports, corn prices in Ukraine can be shaped under the influence of biofuel policies pursued by developed countries, as well as under the influence of world energy markets. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to investigate the mechanisms linking Ukrainian export corn prices with Brent oil prices, as well as to quantitatively assess the nature of this relationship. We were especially interested in possible time-varying relationship between the prices. The price analysis was carried out on the basis of monthly data for the period 2001-2020 with the use of rolling correlation technique and rolling causality tests. The results of this research indicate on time-varying co-movements of Ukrainian corn and Brent crude oil prices. The strongest positive correlations and significant bidirectional causality were observed in 2007-2011. However, in most of sub-periods there were no significant relationships between these prices. Among factors strengthening the price linkages are the low corn-oil price ratios, dynamic increase of corn utilized for ethanol production and depletion of the world corn stocks. The conducted analysis confirmed that changes in biofuel demand in other countries can affect Ukrainian corn market due to horizontal integration of grain markets worldwide. Biofuel policy reforms in the EU aiming at decreasing mandatory blending of conventional biofuels in favor of advanced biofuels can lead to decrease in demand for corn in Ukraine after 2021, leading, in turn, to further weakening of linkage between corn and crude oil prices.

This paper aims to provide analysis of state and challenges of the sunflower oil market in Ukraine. To conduct purposes in the article, the significance of agriculture was highlighted and evaluation of Ukrainian sunflower oil market was done. Market research of sunflower oil market was divided on two periods: (1) before the russian invasion to Ukraine; (2) the period of the hostilities on the Ukrainian territory. The period until hostilities characterizes by growing tendency of sunflower oil production in Ukraine and increase of export capacities. Indeed, in 2020/2021 MY 5010 thousand t of sunflower oil was produced, where 93% was exported that is 40% on the world supply of sunflower oil on the market. At the same time Ukraine cover sunflower oil domestic needs, i.e. approximately 10% of total production. The indices of self-sufficiency ratio was increased each years and in 2020/2021 MY was equalled to 9.61%. The second period in Ukraine could be distinguish by problems, which negatively harm the sunflower oil market due to hostilities, i.e. disturbance of supply chains due to blocked ports; partially mined the territory and ongoing hostilities, which decrease harvested area under sunflower; increase prices of input factors for sunflower oil production; sunflower seeds and sunflower oil prices volatility. In turn, these lead to the situation, when sunflower products manufacturing, export and economic indices are unpredictable. Taking into account the fact that Ukrainian sunflower oil is export oriented product, accordingly on domestic market are influenced prices that formed at the world markets of vegetable oils. In the article the sunflower oil prices were forecasted for short time period. It showed price increase and at the end of the year could be reach to 1700 US dollar per tone. Indeed, positive trend on the world market will bring benefits for processing enterprises despite on uncertainty of country environment

Despite the broad discussion of clinical significance, the features of the etiopathogenesis of impaired implantation potential in women with uterine sinechias are described in individual works, there is no unanimous opinion on this issue among researchers. The objective: to find out the diagnostic value of a number of markers of the functional state of the endothelium and the level of individual induction angiogenesis in the formation of implantation potential in women with uterine infertility. Materials and methods. The evaluation of the endometrium was performed in 36 women with uterine senechias (first group) and 30 patients with long-term infertility and reproductive loss in history (second group). The control group included 20 healthy patients. This stage of scientific research was conducted taking into account the complex of instrumental methods – ultrasound, histological examination of endometrial biopsies obtained by hysteroscopy intervention, and/or fractional scissors in the dynamics of the menstrual cycle. The design of the study envisaged the study and evaluation of the level of individual factors of angiogenesis, in particular: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-1), as well as antiangiogenic growth factor sFlt-1 and their fluctuations in the preconception phase in serum and cervical mucus. Results. The conducted researches allow to assert, that practically in all patients with uterine sinechia in the complex examination the predominance of the morphological picture of chronic endometritis, hyperplasia and endometrial polyposis, as well as inferior secretory transformation of the endometrium is established. The evaluation of the results of the histological study made it possible to diagnose the presence of hyperplastic processes in 36.1%, the so-called thin endometrium was verified at 19.4%, and the endometrium atrophy was found in 13.9% of the histological findings. The results obtained were demonstrated at the preconception stage in the reduction of VEGF-1 and the high anti-angiogenic growth factor sFlt-1: the level of said transmitter in the group of women with uterine senechias was 63% higher in controls than controls (2.8-fold) (p

Although there are known risk factors for shoulder dystocia (such as gestational diabetes and macrosomia), in most cases this complication occurs unexpectedly, leading to situations that can be quite traumatic not only for the mother, but also for the medical workers who are involved in assisting with childbirth. According to reports, a certain number of antenatal and intranatal characteristics are associated with dystocia of the shoulders, but statistical processing showed low prognostic informativeness. Based on the analysis of the literature and on the basis of our own clinical experience, the article suggests methods of manual obstetric care, which are appropriate for difficult removal of the shoulders in childbirth with head presentation of the fetus. Key words: shoulder dystocia, labour, fetus, birth trauma.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the practical, theoretical and methodical bases of training students for the distant form in the context of reforming the health care system in modern Ukraine. Distance learning as a component of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) requires a qualitative transformation of the learning environment for learners and other learners in order to achieve their autonomy and ability to critical clinical thinking based on a productive approach that is essential for the formation of professional readiness specialists. By joining the Bologna process, Ukraine has embarked on a global reform of its higher education system, which should raise the status of holders of national diplomas on higher education in the European labor market. To achieve the best results in this direction, based on classical teaching methods, it is necessary to develop new ones – based on the Internet technologies of the XXI century, which are already successfully applied in a number of leading universities of Ukraine. The distance learning form is also called «life-long education» because most of the learners are adults. Have higher education, but because of the need to improve their skills or expand the scope of many, there is a need to quickly and qualitatively acquire new knowledge and skills. Due to the fact that distance technologies in the system of post-graduate education provide the status of listeners as important, democratic, active participants in their own potential, the importance of their internal motivation to improve personal and professional qualities is substantially increased. Internal motivation becomes the basis for the implementation of the professional profile of continuing education of doctors with the aim of correcting their personality-value, professional qualities. Conclusions Because of the need for advanced training or expansion of the field, many need to quickly and qualitatively acquire new knowledge and acquire professional skills. The distance learning form is very popular among the audience because of its economic performance and educational efficiency. The social function of professional mobility is a fundamental factor in ensuring the effectiveness of educational and cognitive activities of health professionals. Key words: distance learning; professional improvement; reforming; health care.

Intrauterine pathology, its diagnosis and treatment remain the most urgent problem of operative gynecology and reproduction, which is associated with a significant percentage of uterine submucosa, adhesions (senechias) in the uterus, endometrial hyperplasia and polyposis. The objective: on the basis of a detailed analysis of anamnestic data of women with an intrauterine factor of infertility, identify a high-risk group, which requires a deeper study of the hormonal features and the state of the endometrium. Materials and methods. 105 case histories of women of all ages with endometrial pathology – endometrial polyp, endometrial hyperplasia, intrauterine synechia, which were treated in the departments of infertile marriage, family planning and gynecological department, were selected for an observational cross-sectional retrospective study by continuous sampling. Special instrumental research methods were used in the work: ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, pathomorphological studies of remote preparations. Results. Clinical symptoms of intrauterine pathology in patients with long-term infertility treatment are represented by menstrual disorders, such as hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and obliteration of the cervical canal. In addition, the characteristic complications of pregnancy, manifested by miscarriage, threatened termination, abnormal placentation, which significantly reduces the reproductive potential and quality of life. Сonclusions. Among patients with intrauterine pathology, as the leading cause of infertility, it is advisable to select a separate group of high risk of miscarriage, and this affiliation depends on the multiplicity of intrauterine interventions, the age of the woman, the infectious profile and a combination of leading factors. The method of stratification analysis proved that instrumental interventions in the history of five times increase the chances of unsuccessful attempts of assisted reproductive technology programs (OR=5.92; 95% CI: 2.18–14.32; p

Placental dysfunction is a key problem in obstetrics, neonatology, pathology of the ante- and perinatal period, as the functional inability of placenta leads to an increase in the proportion of miscarriage, fetal development delay syndrome, or its antenatal death, and the period of pregnancy, especially in case of its pathological course, is an extremely strong psycho-emotional factor. The structure and prevalence of types of psychological component of gestational dominant with the consideration of psycho-emotional status in women with placental dysfunction were stated as well as their influence on reproductive loss and complication of pregnancy was estimated. Key words: the psychological component of gestational dominant, pregnancy consequences, a psycho-emotional factor, a psychological correction.

This paper aims to provide preliminary evidence about the existence of horizontal integration between the rapeseed markets in Ukraine (UA) and the European Union (EU). To this end, both a trade analysis and a price analysis were carried out. In particular, the trade analysis was performed using yearly trade flows between the UA and EU, whereas price co-movement was assessed by means of linear vector error correction model (VECM) applied to weekly prices for rapeseed from 2008 to 2018. Our findings provide evidence of strong integration between the UA and EU markets in terms of the trade of rapeseeds, rape cake, and rape oil, as well as high horizontal rapeseed price transmission between the two economies.

This article presents the results of the study on the effect of nanomagnetite modification on textural characteristics of clay matrices, adsorption properties, and parameters of the spent sorbents separation. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption method has shown that the obtained magnetic nanocomposite sorbents have large specific surface areas (in 1.2–2 times more) than the initial clays due to the formation of the secondary porous structure on the surface and in macropores of clay matrices. The best adsorption properties with respect to dyes belong to magnetic sorbents with nanomagnetite content of 7 wt.%. The additional modification of the third phase of graphene-like molybdenum disulphide into magnetic sorbents leads to the significant increase in the sorption capacity of both cationic (up to 1100 mg/g) and anionic (up to 1830 mg/g) dyes. The conducted investigations of the total acidity and acid-base sites on the surface of clay, magnetite-modified clay, and molybdenum disulfide-modified magnetic sorbent indicate the significant influence of the Lewis base cites on the adsorption properties of these materials.

The most relevant and least investigated questions are the relationships between genital endometriosis and disorders of the fertile function. It is precisely the lack of a clear algorithm for early detection of genital endometriosis and the choice of adequate treatment to further develop these issues, both for improving the quality of life in this category of women and for improving reproductive capacity. The objective: to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy in patients with genital endometriosis and defection of fertility based on evaluation of individual factors and immunological mechanisms of interaction and optimizing ways to overcome these negative influences. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, 68 patients with endometriosis associated infertility were examined, which assessed the nature of the hormonal imbalance, violations of individual immune defense units in relation to the level fluctuations of individual tumor markers. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed program, a group of patients with endometriosis associated infertility was divided into two groups: the main group (38 women) and the comparison group (30 patients). The features of the proposed treatment program were the use after surgical manipulation of complex therapy with the use of progestogens (didrogesterone in contraceptive mode) and the antiproliferative complex: indole-3-carbinol and epigallocatechin-3-galate. Results. Characteristic features of adenomyosis are an increase in this category of patients with levels of LH (2.67 times) and FSH (1.98 times), mainly in the II phase of the menstrual cycle, as well as an increase in estradiol levels, especially in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (2, 13 times). In patients with internal endometriosis, in 30.9% of cases (according to ultrasound scan) and in 41.1% of cases (according to histological examination), there are manifestations of hyperplastic processes of endometrium. Increasing the serum CA-125 level (according to our data, 3.1-fold) in women with external genital endometriosis is an effective diagnostic marker to confirm the presence of this pathology. Conclusions. Thus, it should be noted that the proposed rehabilitation therapy for genital endometriosis in the postoperative period is effective in the treatment of pain syndrome and increasing fertility for endometriosis-associated infertility. Key words: genital endometriosis, infertility, hormonal imbalance, tumor markers, rehabilitation therapy.

The purpose of the article was the analysis of the change in the equipment of Ukraine's agriculture in selected means of mechanization of plant growing in the period of 2000-2015. The analysis is limited of tractors, combine harvesters, machines for harvesting potatoes and sugar beet. By preparing the article, data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine was used, as well as available publications. The changes that have occurred in the agriculture of Ukraine caused significant on depletion of the technical base of agricultural enterprises. At the same time, the area of agricultural land for one tractor and the sown area for one machine increased significantly. One of the important problems facing the Ukrainian agriculture is considerable technical, moral and economical wear and tear of the machinery and tractor fleet in households and enterprises. Synopsis. Celem opracowania jest analiza zmian stanu wyposazenia ukrainskiego rolnictwa w wybrane środki mechanizacji do produkcji roślinnej w latach 2000-2015. Analizy ograniczono do ciągnikow rolniczych, kombajnow zbozowych, maszyn do zbioru ziemniakow i burakow cukrowych. W przygotowaniu opracowania wykorzystano materialy statystyczne Panstwowej Sluzby Statystyki Ukrainy (UKRSTAT) oraz dostepną literature przedmiotu. Przemiany jakie nastąpily w rolnictwie Ukrainy spowodowaly znaczne uszczuplenie bazy technicznej przedsiebiorstw rolnych. Jednocześnie znacznie wzrosla powierzchnia UR przypadająca na ciągniki rolnicze oraz powierzchnia upraw w przeliczeniu na jedną maszyne do zbioru. Istotnym problemem z ktorym boryka sie ukrainskie rolnictwo jest znaczne zuzycie techniczne, moralne i ekonomiczne parku ciągnikowo- maszynowego w gospodarstwach i przedsiebiorstwach rolnych.

Waste should be conceived of as a resource whose diversion from the landfill may support the transition toward a circular economy in which waste generated in one industry becomes a secondary raw material for another. However, challenges related to transforming the waste management system into a green system cannot be addressed only by considering incremental (technological) improvements in recovering waste; they require an overall paradigm shift. Starting from these premises, the current chapter investigated the pressures that are pushing the current Ukrainian waste management system to become greener. The analysis is framed within the theory of sociotechnical transitions and multilevel perspectives, investigating the role of landscape actors in exerting a narrative pressure upon the ongoing waste sector. Results show that most of the pressure originates at the global level, mainly by means of informal channels, leaving only a marginal role to national actors.

Magnetic nanocomposite sorbents for disposal of synthetic detergents from wastewater were synthesized. Obtained sorbents based on clay minerals (saponite, palygorskite, and spondyle clay) and magnetite were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and ballistic method with Steinberg magnetometer. As a result, the average crystallite sizes of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in magnetic nanocomposites were 2–10 nm. Magnetic nanocomposites had superparamagnetic properties and were classified as soft magnetic materials. Comparison of sorption properties showed that magnetic composite sorbents had efficiency of adsorption removal of anionic surfactants and polyphosphates from aqueous solution 2–8 times higher compared to native clay minerals. Spent magnetic nanocomposites were effectively removed from the aqueous solution by magnetic separation. So, the efficiency of magnetic composites application and implementing of magnetic separation in adsorption purification was confirmed.

W opracowaniu dokonano analizy stanu i perspektyw produkcji roślin oleistych w Polsce i na Ukrainie. W Polsce podstawową roślina oleistą jest rzepak, natomiast na Ukrainie dominuje słonecznik. Znaczny udział w strukturze upraw oleistych na Ukrainie oprócz słonecznika zajmują rzepak oraz soja. Zarówno w Polsce, jak i na Ukrainie odnotowano wzrost produkcji roślin oleistych. W Polsce stan ten wynika ze wzrostu popytu na surowce do produkcji biopaliw, natomiast na Ukrainie wzrost ten jest związany ze zwiększonym zapotrzebowaniem na nasiona roślin oleistych na rynkach światowych. Sektor biopaliwowy na Ukrainie znajduje się w początkowej fazie rozwoju i nie ma on istotnego wpływu na produkcję roślin oleistych w tym kraju. Dostrzegalny jest natomiast wpływ sektora biopaliw w krajach Unii Europejskiej na produkcję roślin oleistych i olejów roślinnych na Ukrainie. Sektor biopaliwowy w Polsce będzie odgrywał istotne znaczenie dla rozwoju produkcji rzepaku. W przypadku Ukrainy w związku z przyjętym ustawodawstwem o rozwoju OZE, w tym sektora biopaliw może w dalszej przyszłości nastąpić wzrost wewnętrznego zapotrzebowania na nasiona z roślin oleistych.

Magnetic nanocomposite sorbents MCSp for disposal of surfactants from wastewater were synthesized. Obtained sorbents based on clay mineral saponite and magnetite were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR-spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy and ballistic method with Steinberg magnetometer. As a result, the average crystallite sizes of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in magnetic nanocomposites were 2–10 nm. These magnetic particles had super paramagnetic properties and were classified as soft magnetic materials. Sorption capacities of obtained magnetic nanocomposites relatively surfactants were in 2–4 times higher compared to the native clay and nanosized Fe 3 O 4 . Thus, for the created magnetic sorbents synergistic effect was observed. Spent magnetic nanocomposites were effectively removed from the aqueous solution by magnetic separation. So, the efficiency of magnetic composites application and implementing of magnetic separation in adsorption purification was confirmed.

Trade liberalization and globalization processes are resulting in an increased spatial integration of agricultural commodity markets. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, land-abundant countries like Ukraine should export land-intensive goods. Therefore, the international integration of commodity markets should lead to the integration of factor markets, land markets among them. Biofuel expansion in the European Union constitutes a chance for a stronger integration of the Ukrainian agricultural market with the European Union market. However, trade policy and biofuel policy modifications create both chances for and threats to strengthening such market integration. In this framework, the present paper aims at assessing—for the first time—to what degree the Ukrainian and European Union rapeseed markets are horizontally integrated. Considering that rapeseed imported to the EU is processed to fulfil the mandatory blending of biofuels with diesel, the Ukrainian rapeseed prices are expected to follow the EU prices. To answer our research question, we employ linear vector error correction models (VECMs) and threshold autoregressive models (TAR) based on weekly prices for rapeseed from 2008–2018. The results confirm direct and indirect integration of both markets via physical trade flows of rapeseeds, rape cake, and rape oil, providing evidence that the prices of rapeseed in Ukraine and European Union are cointegrated and that adjustments to the long-run equilibrium relationship are asymmetric and seasonal.

Magnetic nanocomposite sorbents on base of saponite, palygorskite, and spondyle clays were created. Physicochemical properties of sorbents were studied by X-ray, energo-dispersive roentgen, scanning electron microscope analysis methods, and ballistic method of Steinberg magnetometer. It was established that synthesis of nanocomposite by impregnation method leads to the formation of nanoscale magnetite in their composition (Fe3O4 crystallites size of 5–10 nm). It was proved that Fe3O4 nanoscale particles as a part of nanocomposite super paramagnetic properties were inherent. The process of magnetic separation of magnetic sorbents was investigated. The modification of clays by nanosized magnetite allowed significant increase of spent sorbent removal from purified water environment after reaching sorption equilibrium. Magnetic nanocomposites were classified as soft magnetic materials.

Magnetic composite sorbents based on saponite clays with different content of magnetite (2–7 wt%.) were synthesized. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction methods, and it was found that the Fe3O4 in composites is in the nanorange. It has been shown that the magnetic nanocomposites have more developed microporosity and mesoporosity compared to saponite clay. The sorption properties of magnetic nanocomposite sorbents were determined, and the results evidenced that their efficiency is significantly higher than the individual phases of the composite. It was shown that all waste composite magnetic sorbents are successfully removed from the water environment by magnetic separation.