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15 results on '"Okorie, Patricia N."'

1. Perceptions and recommendations by scientists for a potential release of genetically modified mosquitoes in Nigeria

Author

Okorie, Patricia N, Marshall, John M, Akpa, Onoja M, and Ademowo, Olusegun G

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Vector-Borne Diseases, Rare Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Malaria, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Attitude, Culicidae, Female, Humans, Insect Vectors, Male, Middle Aged, Mosquito Control, Nigeria, Perception, Surveys and Questionnaires, Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Tropical Medicine, Medical microbiology, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundThe use of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMMs) for the control of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases has been proposed in malaria-endemic countries, such as Nigeria, which has the largest burden in Africa. Scientists are major stakeholders whose opinions and perceptions can adversely affect the success of the trials of GMMs if they are not involved early. Unfortunately, information on the awareness of Nigerians scientists and their overall perception of the GMMs is practically non-existent in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed at understanding how receptive Nigerian scientists are to a potential release of GMMs for the control of malaria.MethodsThe sample consisted of 164 scientists selected from academic and research institutions in Nigeria. Data were collected from participants using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Questions were asked about the cause and prevention of malaria, genetic modification and biotechnology. Specific questions on perception and acceptable conditions for the potential release of GM mosquitoes in Nigeria were also covered.ResultsAll participants cited mosquitoes as one of several causes of malaria and used various methods for household control of mosquitoes. The main concerns expressed by the scientists were that GMMs can spread in an uncontrolled way beyond their release sites (89%) and will mate with other mosquito species to produce hybrids with unknown consequences (94.5%). Most participants (92.7%) agreed that it was important that before approving the release of GMMs in Nigeria, there had to be evidence of contingency measures available to remove the GMMs should a hazard become evident during the course of the release. In general, a majority (83.5%) of scientists who participated in this study were sceptical about a potential release in Nigeria, while 16.5% of the participants were in support.ConclusionsAlthough a majority of the participants are sceptical about GMMs generally, most encourage the use of genetic modification techniques to make mosquitoes incapable of spreading diseases provided that there are contingency measures to remove GMMs if a hazard becomes evident during the course of the release.

Published
2014

4. Integrated risk mapping and landscape characterisation of lymphatic filariasis and loiasis in South West Nigeria

Author

Brant, Tara A, Okorie, Patricia N, Ogunmola, Olushola, Ojeyode, Nureni Bolaji, Fatunade, S B, Davies, Emmanuel, Saka, Yisa, Stanton, Michelle C, Molyneux, David H, Russell Stothard, J, Kelly-Hope, Louise A, Brant, Tara A, Okorie, Patricia N, Ogunmola, Olushola, Ojeyode, Nureni Bolaji, Fatunade, S B, Davies, Emmanuel, Saka, Yisa, Stanton, Michelle C, Molyneux, David H, Russell Stothard, J, and Kelly-Hope, Louise A

Abstract

Nigeria has the heaviest burden of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in sub-Saharan Africa, which is caused by the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. LF is targeted for elimination and the national programme is scaling up mass drug administration (MDA) across the country to interrupt transmission. However, in some regions the co-endemicity of the filarial parasite Loa loa (loiasis) is an impediment due to the risk of severe adverse events (SAEs) associated with the drug ivermectin. To better understand factors influencing LF elimination in loiasis areas, this study conducted a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence and co-distribution of the two infections, and the potential demographic, landscape, human movement, and intervention-related risk factors at a micro-level in the South West zone of Nigeria. In total, 870 participants from 10 communities on the fringe of a meso-endemic loiasis area of Osun State were selected. LF prevalence was measured by clinical assessment and using the rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) to detect W. bancrofti antigen. Overall LF prevalence was low with ICT positivity ranging from 0 to 4.7%, with only 1 hydrocoele case identified. Males had significantly higher ICT positivity than females (3.2% vs 0.8%). Participants who did not sleep under a bed net had higher ICT positivity (4.0%) than those who did (1.3%). ICT positivity was also higher in communities with less tree coverage/canopy height (2.5-2.8%) than more forested areas with greater tree coverage/canopy height (0.9-1.0%). In comparison, loiasis was determined using the rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA), and found in all 10 communities with prevalence ranging from 1.4% to 11.2%. No significant difference was found by participants' age or sex. However, communities with predominately shrub land (10.4%) or forested land cover (6.2%) had higher prevalence than those with mosaic vegetation/croplands (2.5%). Satellite imagery showed dense

Published
2018

5. An investigation of the disparity in estimates of microfilaraemia and antigenaemia in lymphatic filariasis surveys

Author

Cano, Jorge, Moraga, Paula, Nikolay, Birgit, Rebollo, Maria P., Okorie, Patricia N., Davies, Emmanuel, Njenga, Sammy M., Bockarie, Moses, and Brooker, Simon J.

Subjects
wc_880, qw_573, qx_20, qx_301, parasitic diseases
Abstract

Background \ud The diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is based typically on either microfilaraemia as assessed by microscopy or filarial antigenaemia using an immuno-chromatographic test. While it is known that estimates of antigenaemia are generally higher than estimates of microfilaraemia, the extent of the difference is not known.\ud \ud Methods \ud This paper presents the results of an extensive literature search for surveys that estimated both microfilaraemia and antigenaemia in order to better understand the disparity between the two measures.\ud \ud Results and Conclusions \ud In some settings there was a very large disparity, up to 40–70%, between estimates of microfilaraemia and antigenaemia. Regression analysis was unable to identify any predictable relationship between the two measures. The implications of findings for risk mapping and surveillance of LF are discussed.

Published
2015

6. Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Evaluation of Research Capacity in Nigeria

Author

Okorie, Patricia N., Bockarie, Moses, Molyneux, David, and Kelly-Hope, Louise

Subjects
wa_30, wc_680, wa_110, wa_20_5
Abstract

Background\ud \ud Nigeria carries the highest burden and diversity of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in sub-Saharan Africa and is preparing to scale up its efforts to control/eliminate these diseases. To achieve this it will require a range of internal technical support and expertise for mapping, monitoring and evaluating, operational research and documenting its success. In order to begin to evaluate this potential in Nigeria, this study collated and analysed information for lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STH), which are currently being targeted with preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration (MDA).\ud \ud Methodology/Principal Findings\ud \ud Information from 299 scientific articles published on the selected NTDs in 179 journals between January 2008 and September 2013 was extracted and systematically compiled into a geo-referenced database for analysis and mapping. The highest number of articles was from the southern geo-political zones of the country. The majority of articles focused on one specific disease, and schistosomiasis and STH were found to have the highest and most wide ranging research output. The main type of study was parasitological, and the least was biotechnological. Nigerian authors were mostly affiliated with universities, and there was a wide range of international co-authors from Africa and other regions, especially the USA and UK. The majority of articles were published in journals with no known impact factor.\ud \ud Conclusions/Significance\ud \ud The extensive database and series of maps on the research capacity within Nigeria produced in this study highlights the current potential that exists, and needs to be fully maximized for the control/elimination of NTDs in the country. This study provides an important model approach that can be applied to other low and middle income countries where NTDs are endemic, and NTD programmes require support from the expertise within their own country, as well as internationally, to help raise their profile and importance.

Published
2014

7. Species composition and temporal distribution of mosquito populations in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Author

Okorie, Patricia N., Popoola, K.O.K., Awobifa, Olayemi M., Ibrahim, Kolade T., and Ademowo, George O.

Subjects
fungi, parasitic diseases, Article
Abstract

Nigeria has a high burden of vector borne diseases such as malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF). This study aimed to determine the species composition of mosquitoes in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria as well as determine their role in malaria and LF transmission. Adult mosquitoes were collected by Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) and identified and graded according to their abdominal conditions. The mosquitoes were dissected to determine the parity status and to check for microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. The presence of circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum was examined using ELISA. A total of 1600 mosquitoes were collected of which 31 (1.9%) were Anopheles gambiae s.l. while 1756 (98%) were Culex sp. None of the mosquitoes examined was positive for Plasmodium falciparum and Wuchereria bancrofti. The lack of adequate sanitary conditions in the area could be responsible for the large number of mosquitoes collected. Health education could help in sensitizing the inhabitants.

Published
2014

10. Ethno-medicines for Mosquito Transmitted Diseases from South-western Nigeria

Author

Sonibare, Mubo A., Okorie, Patricia N., Aremu, Tolulope O., Adegoke, Ayodamope, Sonibare, Mubo A., Okorie, Patricia N., Aremu, Tolulope O., and Adegoke, Ayodamope

Abstract

The present study presents an ethnobotanical survey of the plants used in the treatment of mosquito transmitted diseases in Egbeda, Oluyole, Ibadan South-East and Akinyele, Local Government Areas in Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria. The survey was conducted through interviews using semi structured questionnaires. Twenty-four respondents, comprising of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs), herbalists, herb sellers, and the elderly were interviewed. Fourteen (58.3%) of them were males while ten (41.7%) were females and their ages ranged from 28 to 65 years. The Use-Mentions index (UMi) was calculated for each plant. Thirty-seven plant species belonging to 25 families were found to be useful for the treatment of mosquito transmitted diseases in the study areas. Ethno-medicinal information gathered on the plants includes vernacular names, plant parts used, forms of application and method of administration. The most prominent plant family is Euphorbiaceae with four species, while Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae had three species each. Other plant families include Apocynaceae, Combretaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae with two species each. In all, the commonest species among the recipes given by the respondents was Hyptis suaveolens having a UMi of 0.250. Ocimum gratissimum, Xylopia aethiopica, Chromolaena odorata, and Nicotiana tabacum all had UMi of 0.167each. The study plays an important role in documenting and conserving traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used in treating insect transmitted diseases.

Published
2015

14. An investigation of the disparity in estimates of microfilaraemia and antigenaemia in lymphatic filariasis surveys.

Author

Cano J, Moraga P, Nikolay B, Rebollo MP, Okorie PN, Davies E, Njenga SM, Bockarie MJ, and Brooker SJ

Subjects
Animals, Carrier State epidemiology, Elephantiasis, Filarial epidemiology, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Antigens, Helminth isolation & purification, Carrier State blood, Elephantiasis, Filarial blood, Microfilariae isolation & purification, Wuchereria bancrofti isolation & purification
Abstract

Background: The diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is based typically on either microfilaraemia as assessed by microscopy or filarial antigenaemia using an immuno-chromatographic test. While it is known that estimates of antigenaemia are generally higher than estimates of microfilaraemia, the extent of the difference is not known., Methods: This paper presents the results of an extensive literature search for surveys that estimated both microfilaraemia and antigenaemia in order to better understand the disparity between the two measures., Results and Conclusions: In some settings there was a very large disparity, up to 40-70%, between estimates of microfilaraemia and antigenaemia. Regression analysis was unable to identify any predictable relationship between the two measures. The implications of findings for risk mapping and surveillance of LF are discussed., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2015
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15. Species composition and temporal distribution of mosquito populations in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.

Author

Okorie PN, Popoola KO, Awobifa OM, Ibrahim KT, and Ademowo GO

Abstract

Nigeria has a high burden of vector borne diseases such as malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF). This study aimed to determine the species composition of mosquitoes in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria as well as determine their role in malaria and LF transmission. Adult mosquitoes were collected by Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) and identified and graded according to their abdominal conditions. The mosquitoes were dissected to determine the parity status and to check for microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti . The presence of circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum was examined using ELISA. A total of 1600 mosquitoes were collected of which 31 (1.9%) were Anopheles gambiae s.l. while 1756 (98%) were Culex sp. None of the mosquitoes examined was positive for Plasmodium falciparum and Wuchereria bancrofti . The lack of adequate sanitary conditions in the area could be responsible for the large number of mosquitoes collected. Health education could help in sensitizing the inhabitants.

Published
2014

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